Lycium barbarum cultivation method for improving paddy field soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese wolfberry cultivation method for improving paddy field soil, which comprises the following steps: a, paddy field soil improvement: selecting a paddy field plot, digging a planting ditch, deeply digging for 40-100cm downwards, loosening soil, mixing organic fertilizer, and breaking the original plow pan of the paddy field; after loosening the soil, fermenting for 25-35 days; b, soil preparation and fertilization: before transplanting the wolfberry seedlings, leveling the fermented land, raking the land to be fine, ridging, and applying a ternary compound fertilizer at the same time; an operation ditch is arranged between the two ridges; every two ridges form a group, a drainage ditch is arranged between every two adjacent groups, and surrounding ditches are arranged around; c, transplanting Chinese wolfberry seedlings: transplanting the cultivated Chinese wolfberry seedlings into each ridge according to the plant spacing of 0.8-1.2 m, and thoroughly watering after field planting; d, drip irrigation cultivation: performing drip irrigation with water every 3-5 days; applying microelements to promote rooting during the period; the fruit can be obtained in about half a year. According to the wolfberry cultivation method, the improved paddy field soil is adopted for planting, the survival rate is high, the cultivation period is short, cost is low, and the problem that in the prior art, paddy field soil is not suitable for wolfberry growth is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wolfberry cultivation technology, and more specifically to a method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil. Background Technology

[0002] Goji berries are a solanaceous plant with significant economic and medicinal value, and are widely cultivated in my country. Hardwood cuttings are a conventional seedling propagation technique for expanding the propagation of plant seedlings. It is a method of cultivating new plants by cutting off sections of plant branches (cuttings). It is a form of asexual propagation and can maintain the varietal characteristics of superior varieties. It is widely used in the propagation of goji berry seedlings.

[0003] Currently, goji berry cultivation is mainly concentrated in the north. This is because goji berries typically require sandy soil, which is loose in structure and well-aerated, promoting deep root growth and respiration while preventing waterlogging and root rot. In the south, rice is the primary crop, and the soil is clayey paddy soil. This type of soil forms a plow pan at a depth of about 20cm. This plow pan is a compacted, poorly permeable layer of hard soil. While it hinders root growth, it effectively reduces water and fertilizer loss, playing a crucial role in water and fertilizer retention, which is essential for rice paddy management. However, for goji berries, which grow vertically, clayey paddy soil can be fatally detrimental to their growth. The *Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine*, compiled by Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (p. 2246), states that goji berries thrive in well-drained, fertile soil and are unsuitable for planting in clayey soil or paddy field marshes. Page 52 of "High-Yield Cultivation Techniques," compiled by Zhong Shengyuan, a researcher at the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, and published by Golden Shield Press, states that wolfberry trees are susceptible to surface flooding and prolonged waterlogging of the topsoil; excessively wet soil can easily cause tree death. According to Wu Yide's investigation, in 1958, rice was planted around wolfberry orchards in Shatang Village, Enhe Township, Zhongning County, Ningxia, causing a rise in the groundwater level and resulting in the death of 1.9 hectares of wolfberry trees. In 1959, 3.3 hectares of wolfberry trees in a Dahutan wolfberry orchard in Donghua Township also died because neighboring dry land was planted with rice.

[0004] This demonstrates that goji berry orchards require elevated terrain and must be free from waterlogging. Cultivating goji berries in paddy fields presents significant technical challenges. The soil in Jiashan, Zhejiang, is clayey, and the poor aeration of the paddy fields results in low survival rates for goji berries, making it a restricted area. This is a major reason why high-quality goji berries cannot be grown in the clayey soils of southern paddy fields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating wolfberry with high survival rate, short cultivation cycle, low cost, and suitability for improved paddy field soil; thus solving the problem that paddy field soil is unsuitable for wolfberry growth in existing technologies.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil, the cultivation method comprising the following steps: a. Soil improvement in paddy fields: Select paddy field plots, dig planting ditches with a width of 60-120cm, and use an excavator to dig down to a depth of 40-100cm to loosen the soil, breaking up the original plow pan of the paddy field. Organic fertilizer is mixed in while loosening the soil; ferment for 25-35 days after loosening the soil. b. Land preparation and fertilization: About seven days before transplanting wolfberry seedlings, level and harrow the fermented land and make ridges; at the same time, apply 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer, with a ridge width of 2.5-3.0 m and a ridge height of 15-20 cm, and set up operation ditches between two ridges; each pair of ridges forms a group, with drainage ditches set up between adjacent groups, and surrounding ditches set up around the perimeter. c. Transplanting of wolfberry seedlings: Transplant the cultivated wolfberry seedlings into each row at a spacing of 0.8-1.2m, and water them thoroughly after planting; d. Drip irrigation cultivation: Irrigate with water every 3-5 days to maintain soil moisture; apply trace elements during this period to promote root development; it will bear fruit in about half a year.

[0007] Further, in step a, the organic fertilizer includes straw fermented organic fertilizer and beneficial microbial agent EM; the amount of straw fermented organic fertilizer used is 2-3 tons / mu; the volume concentration of the EM beneficial microbial agent after dilution with water is 1-2‰, and 70-90 kg of diluted EM beneficial microbial agent aqueous solution is added to each ton of straw fermented organic fertilizer.

[0008] Furthermore, in step a, the best time to loosen the soil is in winter, which is conducive to the soil's loosening and fermentation due to freeze-thaw cycles.

[0009] Furthermore, in step b, the depth of the operating ditch is 30-35cm; the depth of the drainage ditch is 45-50cm; and the depth of the surrounding ditch is 60-70cm. This is to facilitate drainage and management of the wolfberry seedlings.

[0010] Further, in step c, the wolfberry seedlings are cultivated through cuttings. Branches with a diameter of more than 0.3 cm are collected and cut into cuttings 12-15 cm long. After soaking in rooting solution, the cuttings are inserted into containers filled with improved paddy field soil. During the seedling stage, the growth of buds is inhibited (such as by pruning the terminal bud) to promote rooting of the cuttings. After the seedlings reach a height of 15-20 cm, they are transplanted to the field.

[0011] Further, in step c, the rooting solution is prepared by mixing equal amounts of rice vinegar solution with a mass concentration of 0.15~0.25% and brown sugar solution with a mass concentration of 0.08~0.15%.

[0012] Furthermore, in step d, during the cultivation period, the applied trace element is a 3000-fold diluted solution of Teyomar.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil provided by this invention has the following advantages: 1) Traditional paddy field improvement methods often employ shallow tillage (20-30cm), which cannot completely break up the hard plow pan formed by long-term flooding. This invention uses a rotary tiller to deeply till the soil to a depth of 40-100cm, which can completely penetrate and pulverize the plow pan, fundamentally solving the problems of poor soil aeration and drainage in paddy fields.

[0014] 2) Incorporating sufficient fermented straw organic fertilizer and EM (Effective Microorganisms) beneficial microbial agents during deep tilling creates a rich organic matter layer in the deep soil. The beneficial microorganisms in the EM agent accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, promoting the formation of loose new soil aggregates and effectively preventing soil compaction. This synergistic effect of "physical deep tilling + straw organic fertilizer + bio-fertilizer" achieves rapid, thorough, and long-lasting improvement of obstacle paddy soils, creating a loose, fertile, and vibrant soil environment for the deep root development and expansion of wolfberry plants.

[0015] 3) By setting up a three-level drainage system consisting of ridges (cultivation surface), operation ditches (shallow ditches), drainage ditches (deep ditches), and perimeter ditches (drainage canals), an efficient drainage network is formed. Rainwater or excess irrigation water can quickly flow from the ridges to the drainage ditches and be discharged from the field, ensuring that the wolfberry roots are always in a well-aerated state.

[0016] 4) The reasonable ridge width and plant spacing design provides ample growing space for wolfberry plants, which is conducive to canopy expansion and ventilation and light exposure. The operation ditches facilitate agricultural operations such as fertilization, pruning, and harvesting, while the grouped drainage ditches realize modular management of the field, improving the convenience and efficiency of large-scale cultivation.

[0017] 5) Combining drip irrigation with regular water supply and timely application of a suitable NPK compound fertilizer (or a suitable fertilizer like Teyouma) can precisely meet the nutrient and water needs of goji berries at different growth stages, significantly promoting plant growth and root development. Practice has shown that applying this method (excellent soil foundation + high-quality, robust seedlings + precise water and fertilizer management) allows goji berries to begin bearing fruit approximately six months after transplanting, with a survival rate exceeding 95%. This shortens the cycle by more than half compared to traditional methods, significantly advancing the return on investment and improving land use efficiency and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The image shows fresh wolfberry fruit obtained in Example 1.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a photograph of the root growth of the wolfberry plant obtained in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a photograph of the root growth of the wolfberry plant obtained in Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further illustrated below with specific embodiments. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0022] Example 1 A paddy field in Jiashan, Zhejiang Province, was selected. The soil was clayey with a pH of 6.5. The previous crop was rice, and soil improvement was carried out in winter (mid-November) after harvest.

[0023] Step a, Paddy Field Soil Improvement: Dig planting trenches 120cm wide and excavate 90cm deep using an excavator to break up the plow pan. During deep plowing, simultaneously mix in fermented straw organic fertilizer (made from fermented rice straw and livestock manure, with an organic matter content ≥30%) at a rate of 3 tons / acre. Dilute EM beneficial microbial agent 500 times with water, adding 80 kg of the diluted EM solution to each ton of straw organic fertilizer. Spray the solution onto the organic fertilizer during composting and mix it evenly during deep plowing. The soil after deep plowing will ferment naturally for 28 days, promoting microbial activity and increasing soil looseness and air content.

[0024] Step b, Land preparation and fertilization: After natural fermentation is complete (around January of the following year), level the land with a harrow, then ridge and fertilize: About seven days before transplanting the wolfberry seedlings, apply 30 kg of NPK compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15) while leveling and ridge making. The ridges should be 2.7 m wide and about 15 cm above the ground, using mechanical ridge making. A 30 cm deep operating ditch should be placed between two ridges for easy manual management; each pair of ridges forms a group, with a 50 cm deep and 30 cm wide drainage ditch between groups to ensure unobstructed drainage.

[0025] Step c, Transplanting Goji Berry Seedlings: Start seedling cultivation approximately two months in advance: Collect healthy goji berry branches (0.4cm in diameter), cut them into 13cm long cuttings, retaining 2-3 tender buds on each cutting. Mix equal volumes of a 0.2% rice vinegar solution (diluted edible rice vinegar) and a 0.1% brown sugar solution (dissolved food-grade brown sugar). After soaking the cuttings for one day, remove them and insert them into seedling trays filled with improved paddy field soil, maintaining a temperature of 20-25℃. Regularly prune the terminal buds to inhibit above-ground growth and promote root development; after 35-40 days, a large number of roots will have developed, and the seedlings will reach a height of about 18cm, meeting the standards for transplanting. When transplanting, dig holes with a plant spacing of 1.0m, planting one seedling per row and one seedling per hole, and water thoroughly after planting.

[0026] Step d: Drip irrigation cultivation: Install a drip irrigation system and irrigate every 3-5 days after transplanting. During this period, apply a 3000-fold diluted solution of trace element 'Teyouma' to promote root development. Each irrigation should maintain soil moisture around the roots at 60%-70%. One month after transplanting, begin applying compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15) once a month at 10 kg per acre, using the drip irrigation system. During cultivation, use black mulch for weed control and pay attention to pest and disease prevention. Approximately 6 months after transplanting, the goji berry plant begins to flower and bear fruit. Each plant produces 40-60 fruiting branches, with an average of 23 fresh fruits per branch. Each fruit weighs 14.5g, and the annual yield per plant is approximately 500g, resulting in a fresh fruit yield of 150 kg / acre. The maximum fresh fruit length is 3.16mm and the width is 1.05mm. Figure 1 As shown, the fruit is shaped like a child's finger and is of good quality. Using the cultivation method described in this example, the survival rate of the wolfberry seedlings reaches 99%. Figure 2 As shown, the root system of the improved one-year-old wolfberry plant has a root length of more than 80 centimeters.

[0027] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the wolfberry seedlings were directly transplanted into a traditional paddy field (selecting a plot adjacent to Example 1 to maintain consistency with other environmental factors). The plant spacing and row spacing were the same as in Example 1. The drip irrigation and fertilization schemes were also the same as in Example 1. Because the traditional paddy field has a plow pan (approximately 20cm deep), the soil is compacted and drainage is poor, preventing the roots of the transplanted wolfberry seedlings from growing downwards, resulting in a survival rate of less than 20%. Furthermore, the surviving plants grew extremely weakly, their roots failed to penetrate, and they did not bear fruit after one year, ultimately leading to the experiment's failure. Figure 3 The image shows the root growth of wolfberry plants one year after planting in traditional paddy fields. The root length is between 12 and 20 centimeters. The main reason is that the water accumulation above the plow layer in the paddy field affects root development. Secondly, the plow layer is hard and the soil lacks oxygen, preventing the roots from penetrating deeply.

[0028] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that a conventional rotary tiller was used to shallowly till the soil to a depth of 30cm (without completely breaking the plow pan), and the same amount of straw organic fertilizer (3 tons / acre) and EM inoculant were mixed in. The seedling raising and transplanting standards were the same as in Example 1. The survival rate of the wolfberry seedlings was only about 60%, and due to poor drainage and the inability of the roots to grow downwards, the surviving plants grew significantly weaker than in Example 1, and only produced a small number of fruits a year after transplanting, with small fruits of poor quality.

[0029] The comparison of results from the examples and comparative examples demonstrates that this invention, through deep tillage and bio-fertilization, creates an ideal soil ecological environment for the root growth of wolfberry, which is a key factor in high survival rate, promoted growth, and early and abundant yield. This invention forms a complete and synergistic technical system from deep soil improvement, seedling cultivation, transplanting to water and fertilizer management, ensuring the healthy and rapid growth of wolfberry from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage. It significantly improves the survival rate of wolfberry cultivation in paddy fields, greatly shortens the production cycle, and increases yield and economic benefits. In particular, it breaks the long-held taboo that wolfberry cultivation in paddy fields is unsuitable, and has extremely high application value.

[0030] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also fall within the scope of the present invention, and the patent protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil, characterized in that, The cultivation method includes the following steps: a. Soil improvement in paddy fields: Select paddy field plots, dig planting ditches with a width of 60-120cm, and use an excavator to dig down to a depth of 40-100cm to loosen the soil, breaking up the original plow pan of the paddy field. Organic fertilizer is mixed in while loosening the soil; ferment for 25-35 days after loosening the soil. b. Land preparation and fertilization: About seven days before transplanting wolfberry seedlings, level and harrow the fermented land and make ridges; at the same time, apply 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer, with a ridge width of 2.5-3.0 m and a ridge height of 15-20 cm, and set up operation ditches between two ridges; each pair of ridges forms a group, with drainage ditches set up between adjacent groups, and surrounding ditches set up around the perimeter. c. Transplanting of wolfberry seedlings: Transplant the cultivated wolfberry seedlings into each row at a spacing of 0.8-1.2m, and water them thoroughly after planting; d. Drip irrigation cultivation: Irrigate with water every 3-5 days; apply trace elements during this period to promote root development; it will bear fruit in about half a year.

2. The method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, the organic fertilizer includes fermented straw organic fertilizer and EM beneficial microbial agent; the amount of fermented straw organic fertilizer is 2-3 tons / mu; the volume concentration of EM beneficial microbial agent after dilution with water is 1-2‰, and 70-90 kg of diluted EM beneficial microbial agent aqueous solution is added to each ton of fermented straw organic fertilizer.

3. The method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, the best time to loosen the soil is in winter.

4. The method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the depth of the operating ditch is 30-35cm; the depth of the drainage ditch is 45-50cm; and the depth of the surrounding ditch is 60-70cm.

5. The method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, fertilization: about seven days before transplanting the wolfberry seedlings, apply 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15) while leveling and making ridges.

6. The method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step c, the wolfberry seedlings are propagated by cuttings. Branches with a diameter of 0.3 cm or more are collected and cut into cuttings 12-15 cm long. After soaking in rooting solution, the cuttings are inserted into containers filled with improved paddy field soil. During the seedling stage, the growth of buds is inhibited to promote rooting of the cuttings. When the seedlings reach a height of 15-20 cm, they are transplanted to the field.

7. The method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step c, the rooting solution is prepared by mixing equal amounts of rice vinegar solution with a mass concentration of 0.15~0.25% and brown sugar solution with a mass concentration of 0.08~0.15%.

8. The method for cultivating wolfberry in improved paddy field soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step d, during the cultivation period, the applied trace element is a 3000-fold diluted solution of Teyomar.

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