High-yield cultivation method for northern greenhouse syzygium samarangense

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for northern greenhouse syzygium samarangense, which comprises the following steps: (1) pre-flowering shoot strengthening fertilizer: in the early stage of bud germination of syzygium samarangense, digging a shallow ditch with the depth of 10-15cm in the range of a crown water drip and applying shoot strengthening and flower promoting fertilizer once; (2) accurate nutrition supply in a young fruit period: when young fruits are 2-3mm in size, carrying out first root topdressing; when young fruits are 5-7 mm in size, secondary root topdressing is carried out; (3) regulating and controlling water and nitrogen in a fruit expanding period: when the diameter of the fruit is about 2 / 3 of the size of a mature fruit, stopping supplying the nitrogen fertilizer in all forms; the water content of the soil is controlled to be 50%-60% of the field moisture capacity until one week before harvesting. According to the method, three key links of tip strengthening before flowering, accurate nutrition supply of young fruits and later-stage water and nitrogen regulation and control are organically combined, a complete nutrition management chain is formed, the problem of space-time mismatching of nutrition supply is solved, and collaborative improvement of improving sweetness of the wax apple fruits and reducing cavities is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wax apple cultivation and management technology, and in particular relates to a high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses. Background Technology

[0002] Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense), belonging to the genus Syzygium in the family Myrtaceae, is a typical tropical evergreen fruit tree native to the Malay Peninsula and the Andaman Islands. This crop has gradually gained widespread attention due to its attractive fruit appearance and crisp, juicy taste. In recent years, with the rapid development of specialty agriculture in tropical regions, wax apples have also been widely introduced for cultivation in southern provinces such as Hainan, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Yunnan, contributing to the diversification of local tropical fruits and the optimization of the economic crop structure to some extent.

[0003] The quality of wax apple fruit is significantly affected by environmental conditions, cultivation methods, and varietal differences. In suitable tropical and subtropical regions, wax apple fruits exhibit high soluble solids content, fine flesh texture, and a small central cavity, fully meeting market demand for high-quality fruit. However, in northern regions, due to climatic limitations, cultivation largely relies on greenhouse environments, resulting in generally inferior fruit quality. Under northern greenhouse cultivation conditions, the main problems with wax apple fruits are: firstly, the soluble solids content is generally low, usually below 10°Brix, leading to insufficient sweetness and a bland taste, failing to meet consumers' expectations for the "sweet and refreshing" taste of high-quality fruit; secondly, the central cavity of the fruit is relatively large, with obvious internal spongy tissue and insufficient flesh thickness, affecting the eating experience and commercial value.

[0004] Currently, some explorations have been made in improving the quality of wax apple cultivation, mainly focusing on fertilizer and water management, manual flower and fruit thinning, and hormone or chemical treatments. However, these measures often have the following shortcomings: most existing control methods address single problems, such as increasing sweetness or adjusting fruit size, but lack a systematic solution to simultaneously solve the problems of insufficient sweetness and poor pulp structure. In particular, a safe, stable, and reusable technical system has not yet been established for effectively reducing the fluffy tissue in the center of the fruit, shrinking the cavity structure, and simultaneously increasing the soluble solids content. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses, so as to overcome the shortcomings of existing wax apple cultivation techniques that cannot meet the needs of improving fruit quality under the conditions of northern greenhouse cultivation.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A method for high-yield cultivation of wax apples in northern greenhouses, comprising:

[0007] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break in wax apple trees (when the flower buds are about 1-2 cm exposed), dig a shallow trench 10-15 cm deep within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply a fertilizer to promote shoot growth and flowering. The fertilizer consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer. For trees older than 5 years, the application rate per tree is: 8-10 kg of organic fertilizer and 1.5-2.0 kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10. Cover the soil immediately after fertilization and water thoroughly. This stage is a critical period for flower organ differentiation and laying the foundation for the number of future fruit cells. The high proportion of organic fertilizer provides comprehensive slow-release nutrition and improves the rhizosphere environment, while the high-phosphorus formula can significantly promote root development and energy metabolism (ATP synthesis), laying a solid foundation for high-quality flowering and fruit setting, and helping to increase the number of ovary wall cells, fundamentally reducing the cavity volume of the flocculent tissue in the center of the fruit.

[0008] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size, apply the first topdressing to the roots; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size, apply the second topdressing to the roots; both topdressings use a high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25, with a dosage of 0.5-0.8 kg per tree each time. The fertilization method is to spread the fertilizer around the tree basin, then lightly rake it, cover it with soil, and irrigate. This stage is the initial stage of rapid cell division and expansion of the fruit. Applying high-potassium fertilizer to the roots twice avoids the salt damage that may be caused by excessive fertilization in a single application, and continuously supplies potassium to promote the transport and conversion of photosynthetic products into the fruit.

[0009] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the mature fruit size (before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor soil moisture using soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50%–60% of field capacity until one week before harvest. This stage is the critical period for soluble solids accumulation. Stopping nitrogen supply can effectively prevent the sprouting of new shoots in the later stages, avoiding competition with the fruit for nutrients. Moderate water stress can significantly increase the concentration of tree sap, forcing more photosynthetic products (carbohydrates) synthesized in the leaves to accumulate in the fruit instead of being used for vegetative growth, thereby significantly improving fruit sweetness.

[0010] The present invention provides a method for high-yield cultivation of wax apples in northern greenhouses, as described above. Preferably, in step (1), the shallow trench is dug by excavating a discontinuous circular trench 12cm deep and 20cm wide below the drip line of the tree canopy. The total length of the trench is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the circumference of the drip line. This design is based on the root distribution characteristics of wax apples. The discontinuous or radial trench ensures that the fertilizer comes into contact with a sufficient number of absorbing roots while avoiding excessive damage to the tree caused by the circular root breakage.

[0011] The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses as described above is preferably performed by shallowly cultivating and weeding the tree basin before fertilizing in step (1), with a cultivation depth of 5-8 cm. After fertilizing and covering with soil, the basin is covered with straw or weed control cloth. Shallow cultivation and weeding reduce competition for nutrients from weeds, while the covering measures can conserve moisture, control weeds, and regulate soil temperature, indirectly promoting the effectiveness of fertilizer in step (1).

[0012] The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses as described above, preferably, in step (2), starting from the third day after the second topdressing, foliar spraying with sugar alcohol calcium; preferably, the concentration of sugar alcohol calcium is 0.2% w / v to 0.5% w / v; spraying once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 3 sprays, until both sides of the leaves are evenly moistened but not dripping. In the high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses as described above, preferably, in step (2), the sugar alcohol in the sugar alcohol calcium is sorbitol or mannitol. The sugar alcohol calcium preferably uses sorbitol or mannitol as a ligand. Sugar alcohol ligands can improve the wettability and cuticle permeability of the foliar spray solution, enhance the absorption of calcium by the tissue at the spraying site, and reduce the risk of phytotoxicity caused by inorganic calcium salts. Under northern greenhouse conditions, continuous low-concentration spraying from early post-flowering to before pit hardening can effectively increase the local calcium content of the fruit, thereby reducing the incidence of cavities and enhancing the firmness of the pulp (the above effects are due to the increase in local tissue calcium levels and the guarantee of calcium flow in the xylem).

[0013] The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses as described above, preferably, in step (2), a nonionic surfactant is added to the high-potassium compound fertilizer at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.1% w / v. Preferably, the nonionic surfactant is any one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters, or alkyl polysaccharides. The above surfactants can significantly reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions, making it easier for fertilizer liquid to spread on the surface of rhizosphere soil particles, thereby improving the contact area and increasing the contact efficiency between the effective components of fertilizer and crop tissues. Furthermore, the above surfactants promote soil wetting (improving the infiltration performance of hydrophobic soils). In sandy or arid conditions, a hydrophobic layer easily forms on the soil surface, making it difficult for water and fertilizer to infiltrate. Surfactants can improve soil wettability and increase the penetration and distribution of water and fertilizer into the root zone.

[0014] The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses, as described above. Preferably, before the first root fertilization in step (2), fruit thinning is performed, prioritizing the retention of flower spikes located at the 2nd to 4th pairs of leaves at the base of the fruiting branches, with each flower spike retaining 4 to 6 robust young fruits. This combines nutrient regulation with flower and fruit management. The method of the present invention clearly defines the location and number of fruits to be retained, rationalizing the tree's load and ensuring that limited nutrients are concentrated on high-quality fruits. This synergistic effect with the nutrient supply plan enhances quality.

[0015] The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses, as described above. Preferably, in step (3), soil moisture content is monitored by a soil moisture sensor buried 20 cm below the drip line of the tree canopy. If extreme high temperatures exceeding 35°C occur for three consecutive days before harvest, the water stress is immediately relieved, and the soil moisture content is restored to 70%–75% of field capacity until the high temperature ends. Continuous water control under extreme high temperatures can lead to sunburn on the fruit and permanent damage to the tree. The present invention, while pursuing quality, also considers the safe production of crops and avoids mechanical copying of operations.

[0016] The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses as described above in this invention preferably includes fruit harvesting after step (3). The harvesting criteria are: the fruit navel is fully expanded, the fruit color is dark red, and the soluble solids content in the middle of the fruit reaches 12°Brix or more.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] 1. Synergistic effect: This invention organically combines three key links: pre-flowering shoot strengthening, precise supply of nutrients to young fruit, and post-flowering water and nitrogen regulation, forming a complete nutrient management chain. It solves the problem of mismatch between time and space of nutrient supply and achieves synergistic improvement in sweetness and reduction of cavity in wax apple fruit.

[0019] 2. Significant and stable effects: Through systematic regulation that lays the foundation for cell quantity in the early stage, strengthens cell wall structure and nutrient transport in the middle stage, and promotes material accumulation in the later stage, the soluble solids content of wax apple fruit can be stably increased by 2-3°Brix, the volume of flocculent matter in the center of the fruit is reduced by more than 20%, the flesh is firmer to the touch, and the taste is better.

[0020] 3. Ecological safety: No chemically synthesized growth regulators such as paclobutrazol and 2,4-D are used throughout the entire process. It relies on the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, foliar supplementation of micronutrients and physiological water regulation, resulting in safer and more environmentally friendly fruits. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in a northern greenhouse, according to one embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the testing method for the experimental results of wax apple fruit. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments described herein are specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the concept of the invention, and are illustrative and exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the implementation or scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art can employ other obvious technical solutions based on the content disclosed in the claims and specification of this application. These technical solutions include those that make any obvious substitutions and modifications to the embodiments described herein.

[0024] High-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10 was prepared according to Table 1. High-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25 was also prepared according to Table 1. The raw materials in the table are as follows: Urea was purchased from Jinan Mingjiang Chemical Co., Ltd., packaged in 50kg bags. Triple superphosphate was purchased from Shandong Guohua Chemical Co., Ltd., 325 mesh. Potassium chloride was purchased from Shandong Huayunda New Materials Co., Ltd., packaged in 25kg bags. Dolomite powder was purchased from Haicheng Xingduo Powder Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 200 mesh.

[0025] Table 1. Formula for High-Phosphorus Compound Fertilizer

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] Table 2 High-potassium compound fertilizer formula

[0029] Raw material name Dosage (kg) Nutrients provided Urea (N 46%) 32.6 Provides approximately 15.0 kg of nitrogen (N) <![CDATA[Triple superphosphate (P2O5 46%)]]> 21.7 <![CDATA[Provide approximately 10.0 kg of phosphorus (P2O5)]]> <![CDATA[Potassium chloride (K2O 60%)]]> 41.7 <![CDATA[Provide approximately 25.0 kg of potassium (K2O)]]> filler 4.0 No nutrients provided

[0030] The advantages of the "Da Ye Hong" variety are its ease of cultivation, high yield, and bright red, crisp, and juicy fruit. However, its disadvantages include a higher proportion of spongy tissue and less refined flesh. This invention uses the "Da Ye Hong" variety of wax apple in the following experiments, employing vigorous 6-year-old fruiting plants. The experiment was conducted in the experimental greenhouse area of ​​the Yalugu Tropical Botanical Garden, located 2000 meters west of the Zhouying Village Committee, Changziying Town, Daxing District, Beijing.

[0031] In the following examples and comparative examples, the daily management methods used for wax apple cultivation are the same, including steps 1 and 2 below. Only additional treatments and operations are described in the examples and comparative examples; the daily management methods will not be repeated.

[0032] 1. Post-harvest pruning and orchard sanitation should be carried out immediately after each fruit harvest. Pruning: Remove crossing, overlapping, diseased, insect-infested, and weak branches from the inner canopy. Shorten tall, overly vigorous shoots to encourage new shoots to sprout from the middle and lower parts of the tree. Prune the canopy into an open, natural rounded shape or an open-center shape to ensure ventilation and light penetration. Note: Immediately after pruning, apply a wound protectant (such as thiophanate-methyl paste) to all cuts to prevent pathogen invasion. Orchard sanitation: Remove all pruned branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruit, weeds, etc., from the orchard and burn or bury them deeply to thoroughly reduce sources of pests and diseases.

[0033] 2. Apply flower-promoting fertilizer (to promote flower bud differentiation): Timing: When the new shoots and leaves turn green and mature, before the next batch of flower buds differentiate. Purpose: To promote flower bud differentiation and improve flower quality. Dosage: Apply 0.3-0.5 kg of high-phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (such as 10-20-20) per plant.

[0034] 3. Fruit harvesting: The harvesting standards are as follows: the fruit navel is fully expanded, the fruit color is dark red, and the soluble solids content in the middle of the fruit reaches 12°Brix or above.

[0035] In addition, soil moisture content is monitored by a soil moisture sensor buried 20cm below the tree canopy drip line; if extreme high temperature weather of more than 35°C is encountered for three consecutive days before harvest, water stress is immediately relieved and the soil moisture content is restored to 70% to 75% of field capacity until the high temperature ends.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break of wax apple, dig a shallow trench with a depth of 12cm within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering once; the fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10; immediately cover the soil after fertilization and irrigate with about 50L of water;

[0038] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), apply the first top dressing to the roots, spreading 0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7 kg; both top dressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate.

[0039] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the size of the mature fruit (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break in wax apple trees, dig a shallow trench 12cm deep within the drip line of the canopy and apply a fertilizer to promote shoot growth and flowering. The fertilizer consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer. The amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10. Immediately after fertilization, cover the soil and irrigate with about 50L of water.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), apply the first top dressing to the roots, spreading 0.7kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7kg; both top dressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the mature fruit size (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0046] Example 5

[0047] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break of wax apple, dig a shallow trench with a depth of 12cm within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering once; the fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10; immediately cover the soil after fertilization and irrigate with about 50L of water;

[0048] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), apply the first top dressing to the roots, spreading 0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7 kg; both top dressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break in wax apple trees, dig a shallow trench 12cm deep within the drip line of the canopy and apply a fertilizer to promote shoot growth and flowering. The fertilizer consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer. The amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10. Immediately after fertilization, cover the soil and irrigate with about 50L of water.

[0051] Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the mature fruit size (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0052] Example 7

[0053] Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), apply the first top dressing to the roots, spreading 0.7kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7kg; both top dressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate.

[0054] Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the mature fruit size (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0055] Example 8

[0056] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break in wax apple, dig a shallow trench, 12cm deep and 20cm wide, in a discontinuous circular trench below the drip line of the tree canopy. The total length of the trench should be 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the circumference of the drip line. Then apply a fertilizer to promote shoot growth and flowering. The fertilizer consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer. The amount applied per plant is: 7kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.5kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10. Immediately after fertilization, cover the soil and irrigate with about 50L of water.

[0057] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), apply the first top dressing to the roots, spreading 0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7 kg; both top dressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate.

[0058] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the size of the mature fruit (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0059] Based on the root distribution characteristics of wax apple trees, this design uses intermittent or radial trenches to ensure that fertilizer comes into contact with enough absorbing roots while avoiding excessive damage to the tree caused by ring-shaped root pruning, thus reducing the total amount of fertilizer used.

[0060] Example 9

[0061] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break of wax apple, dig a shallow trench with a depth of 12cm within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering once; the fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10; immediately cover the soil after fertilization and irrigate with about 50L of water;

[0062] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), apply the first top dressing to the roots, spreading 0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7 kg; both top dressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate; starting from the third day after the second top dressing, spray the leaves with sugar alcohol calcium (sorbitol calcium); the concentration of sugar alcohol calcium is 0.3% w / v; spray once every 7-10 days, for a total of 3 sprays, until both sides of the leaves are evenly moistened but not dripping.

[0063] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the size of the mature fruit (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0064] Example 10

[0065] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break of wax apple, dig a shallow trench with a depth of 12cm within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering once; the fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10; immediately cover the soil after fertilization and irrigate with about 50L of water;

[0066] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), apply the first top dressing to the roots, spreading 0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7 kg; both top dressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate; starting from the third day after the second top dressing, spray sugar alcohol calcium (mannitol calcium) on the leaves; the concentration of sugar alcohol calcium is 0.3% w / v; spray once every 7-10 days, for a total of 3 sprays, until both sides of the leaves are evenly moistened but not dripping.

[0067] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the size of the mature fruit (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0068] Example 11

[0069] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break of wax apple, dig a shallow trench with a depth of 12cm within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering once; the fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10; immediately cover the soil after fertilization and irrigate with about 50L of water;

[0070] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), the first topdressing is applied to the roots, with 0.5 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer applied to the base of each tree; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), the same fertilizer is applied again, this time 0.6 kg; both topdressings use a high-potassium compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 15:10:25. After applying the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil, then irrigate; the high-potassium compound fertilizer also contains a nonionic surfactant at a concentration of 0.1% w / v. In this embodiment, the nonionic surfactant is a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether: AEO-9(C 12 -C 14 Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (approximately 9 EO). Compared with Example 1, this example reduces the amount of high-potassium compound fertilizer used.

[0071] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the size of the mature fruit (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0072] Example 12

[0073] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break of wax apple, dig a shallow trench with a depth of 12cm within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering once; the fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10; immediately cover the soil after fertilization and irrigate with about 50L of water;

[0074] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), the first topdressing is applied to the roots, with 0.5 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer applied to the base of each tree; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), the same fertilizer is applied again, this time 0.6 kg; both topdressings use a high-potassium compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 15:10:25. After applying the fertilizer, the soil is lightly raked and covered, and the tree is watered; the high-potassium compound fertilizer also contains a nonionic surfactant at a concentration of 0.1% w / v. In this embodiment, the nonionic surfactant is an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether: OP-10 (octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, approximately 10 EO). Compared with Example 1, this embodiment reduces the amount of high-potassium compound fertilizer used.

[0075] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the size of the mature fruit (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0076] Example 13

[0077] (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break of wax apple, dig a shallow trench with a depth of 12cm within the drip line of the tree canopy and apply fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering once; the fertilizer for promoting shoot growth and flowering consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the amount applied per tree is: 9kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.8kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:10; immediately cover the soil after fertilization and irrigate with about 50L of water;

[0078] (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size (about the size of a mung bean), thin the fruit, prioritizing the retention of the flower spikes at the base of the second to fourth pairs of leaves on the fruiting branches, with each flower spike retaining 4-6 healthy young fruits. Then, apply the first topdressing to the roots, spreading 0.7 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer around each tree basin; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size (about the size of a peanut), spread the same amount of fertilizer again, 0.7 kg; both topdressings use high-potassium compound fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 15:10:25. After spreading the fertilizer, lightly rake and cover with soil and irrigate. This invention thins the fruit before the first topdressing, essentially prioritizing and optimizing the capacity and quality of the "sink". This significantly reduces the overall reproductive growth load of the fruit tree, creating a prerequisite for the precise application of nutrients in the future. When fertilization begins, the mineral nutrients and soil nutrients absorbed by the roots can be efficiently utilized by a smaller, more targeted "sink" of fruit, avoiding ineffective dispersion and waste of nutrients. This lays a solid foundation for the full expansion of fruit pulp cells and the accumulation of dry matter, ultimately resulting in a significant increase in pulp thickness and an effective increase in single fruit weight.

[0079] (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the size of the mature fruit (i.e. before the "big red head" stage), stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

[0080] Test results

[0081] The thickness of the flesh, according to the attached... Figure 2 The thickness of the pulp was measured separately according to the marking method from C1 to C3, the average value was calculated and recorded as the pulp thickness.

[0082] Fruit diameter, according to the appendix Figure 2 The measurement is performed using the marking method at position B in the middle, with the two ends of the measuring scale corresponding to the positions of the maximum outer diameter of the wax apple fruit.

[0083] The diameter of the flocculents, according to the attached Figure 2 The measurement is performed using the marking method at position A in the middle. During measurement, the scale is placed at the position with the largest diameter of the flocculent material. When taking the reading, the two ends of the scale correspond to the edge positions where the white flocculent material and the pulp intersect inside the wax apple fruit.

[0084] The method for determining the weight of a single fruit is as follows: when the fruit is ripe, five normally developed fruits are randomly collected, their weights are measured, and the arithmetic mean is calculated as the weight of a single fruit.

[0085] The soluble solids content was determined according to the method specified in GB12295-1990 "Determination of soluble solids content in fruit and vegetable products - refractometer method". The equipment used was the GR50 fully automatic refractometer from Shanghai Zhuoguang Instrument Technology Co., Ltd. The soluble solids content in the results was identified as SS.

[0086] The experimental results are recorded in Table 3.

[0087] Table 3. Experimental Results

[0088]

[0089] Based on the data from Examples 1 to 7, this invention organically combines three key links: pre-flowering shoot strengthening, precise supply of nutrients to young fruits, and post-flowering water and nitrogen regulation, forming a complete nutrient management chain. This solves the problem of mismatch between time and space in nutrient supply and achieves synergistic improvement in sweetness and reduction of cavity in wax apple fruits.

[0090] Based on the data from Examples 1 and 8, the fertilizer application in step 1 was reduced to 7 kg of fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and 1.5 kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer. By utilizing the root distribution characteristics of wax apple trees, intermittent or radial trenches ensured that the fertilizer came into contact with a sufficient number of absorbing roots while avoiding excessive damage to the tree caused by ring-shaped root pruning. This reduced the amount of fertilizer used while still ensuring fruit quality.

[0091] Based on data from Examples 1, 9, and 10, both the diameter of the flocculent tissue and the ratio of flocculent diameter to fruit diameter were reduced. Surface sugar alcohol ligands improved the wettability and cuticle permeability of the foliar spray, enhanced calcium absorption by the sprayed tissue, and reduced the risk of phytotoxicity caused by inorganic calcium salts. Under northern greenhouse conditions, continuous low-concentration multiple applications from early post-flowering to before pit hardening effectively increased the local calcium content of the fruit, thereby reducing the incidence of cavities and enhancing fruit firmness.

[0092] The technical features disclosed above are not limited to the combinations of the disclosed features with other features. Those skilled in the art can also make other combinations of the technical features according to the purpose of the invention to achieve the purpose of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses, characterized in that, include: (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer for promoting shoot growth: At the early stage of bud break in wax apple trees, dig a shallow trench 10-15cm deep within the drip line of the canopy and apply a fertilizer to promote shoot growth and flowering. The fertilizer consists of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer. Composition: For plants aged 5 years or older, the application rate per plant is: 8-10 kg of organic fertilizer and 1.5-2.0 kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 12:25:

10. After fertilization, immediately cover the plant with soil and water thoroughly. (2) Precise nutrient supply during the young fruit stage: When the young fruit is 2-3 mm in size, apply the first top dressing to the roots; when the young fruit is 5-7 mm in size, apply the second top dressing to the roots; both top dressings use high potassium compound fertilizer with N:P:K = 15:10:25, and the amount per tree is 0.5-0.8 kg each time. The fertilization method is to spread the fertilizer in the tree basin, then lightly rake and cover it with soil and irrigate. (3) Water and nitrogen regulation during fruit enlargement: When the fruit diameter reaches about 2 / 3 of the mature fruit size, stop all forms of nitrogen fertilizer supply; monitor the soil moisture with soil moisture sensors and control the soil moisture content at 50% to 60% of the field capacity until one week before harvest.

2. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the shallow trench is dug by excavating a discontinuous circular trench 12cm deep and 20cm wide below the drip line of the tree canopy. The total length of the trench accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the circumference of the drip line.

3. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), starting from the third day after the second topdressing, apply sugar alcohol calcium to the leaves; spray once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 3 times, until both sides of the leaves are evenly moistened but not dripping.

4. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the sugar alcohol in the sugar alcohol calcium is sorbitol or mannitol.

5. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), a nonionic surfactant is added to the high-potassium compound fertilizer at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.1% w / v.

6. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The nonionic surfactant is any one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters, or alkyl polysaccharide glycosides.

7. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the first topdressing of the roots in step (2), thin the fruit, and give priority to retaining the flower spikes at the second to fourth pairs of leaves at the base of the fruiting branches. Each flower spike should retain 4 to 6 healthy young fruits.

8. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the soil moisture content is monitored by a soil moisture sensor buried 20cm below the tree canopy drip line; if extreme high temperature weather of more than 35°C is encountered for three consecutive days before harvest, the water stress is immediately relieved and the soil moisture content is restored to 70% to 75% of the field capacity until the high temperature ends.

9. The high-yield cultivation method for wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before fertilizing in step (1), the tree basin is shallowly tilled and weeded, with a tilling depth of 5-8cm. After fertilizing and covering with soil, it is covered with straw or weed control cloth.

10. The method for high-yield cultivation of wax apples in northern greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step (3), fruit harvesting is also included. The harvesting criteria are: the fruit navel is fully expanded, the fruit color is dark red, and the soluble solids content in the middle of the fruit reaches 12°Brix or more.

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