Special nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery wastes for Europe and preparation method of special nutrient soil

Abstract

The invention provides special nutrient soil prepared from agricultural and fishery wastes and a preparation method of the special nutrient soil, and belongs to the technical field of seedling culture substrates. The special nutrient soil for the Ouly uses the zizania latifolia leaves, the fishery product leftovers and the rice bran oil processing wastes as core raw materials, so that the cost is greatly reduced. The perlite, the vermiculite and the composted zizania latifolia leaves cooperate with one another, so that the total porosity meets the requirement of Eumonthly on the high-porosity nutrient soil. The pH value is regulated and controlled through sulfur powder and plant ash, three types of decomposed waste are matched with calcium superphosphate and plant ash, a nutrient supply curve of early-stage slow release and flowering-stage quick release is constructed, and the requirement for nutrition in the growth period of Europe is met. According to the preparation method, through the three-stage process of pretreatment, directional decomposition and mixing and blending, synergistic recycling of three kinds of waste is achieved, pollution is reduced, ecology is protected, the fermentation period is short, the preparation cost is low, the defect of a single waste substrate is avoided, nutrient soil completely adapts to Euphorbia growth, the resource utilization rate is increased, and large-scale production is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling substrate technology, specifically to a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] European roses (abbreviated as "European roses") are a general term for hybrid varieties of the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. They are characterized by their long flowering period, large flowers, and high ornamental value, and have become an important cultivated category in the modern floriculture industry. European roses have fibrous root systems, which have strict requirements regarding the physicochemical properties and nutrient supply of the cultivation substrate: In terms of aeration, non-capillary porosity needs to be ≥35% to ensure root respiration; in terms of nutrient supply, a continuous supply of high organic matter (≥30%) and balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (total content ≥4%) is required during the flowering period, and they are sensitive to trace elements such as iron and calcium; in terms of pH environment, they can only achieve optimal growth under slightly acidic conditions with a pH of 5.5-6.5.

[0003] However, existing cultivation substrates for European roses face two major technological bottlenecks, severely restricting their large-scale and high-quality development. First, the raw material system is unreasonable, leading to a significant conflict between cost and environmental protection: existing substrates largely rely on non-renewable resources such as peat, whose prices have been rising year after year, resulting in high production costs and potential damage to wetland ecosystems due to over-exploitation. When agricultural waste such as straw is used as a substitute, the high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (approximately 80:1) can easily lead to insufficient nitrogen supply, severely impacting the quantity and quality of flowering. Second, the formula has poor adaptability, with a mismatch between growth requirements and substrate performance: existing substrates are not designed with specific nutrient release curves based on the nutrient requirements of the European rose's growth cycle, easily leading to "nutrient deficiency" during flowering, resulting in a 20%-30% reduction in flower diameter. Simultaneously, the total porosity of the substrate is generally below 55%, failing to achieve a balance between aeration and water retention, resulting in a waterlogging and root rot rate exceeding 40%, severely affecting the survival rate and growth quality of European roses.

[0004] Meanwhile, the resource utilization of agricultural and fishery waste faces significant technological shortcomings. Water chestnut leaves are rich in cellulose (35%-40%) and hemicellulose (20%-25%), which degrade slowly through direct composting, resulting in serious resource waste. Fishery by-products have a protein content as high as 60%-70%, but are prone to decay and odor, with nitrogen loss exceeding 50%, leading to low resource utilization efficiency. Rice bran oil processing waste is rich in phosphorus (3%-5%), but is inherently alkaline (pH 8.0-9.0), and its use alone can easily cause pH imbalance in the cultivation substrate, making it unsuitable for the acidic or alkaline environment required for rose cultivation. More importantly, existing waste treatment technologies are mostly designed for single types of waste, resulting in low resource utilization rates and low product added value.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a nutrient soil for European roses based on the directional treatment of composite agricultural and fishery waste and its preparation technology, so as to achieve the coordinated development of waste resource utilization and high-quality cultivation of European roses. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste and its preparation method. The special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste has the advantages of low cost, strong adaptability and high resource utilization.

[0007] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15-20 parts of decomposed fishery by-products, 10-15 parts of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 10-15 parts of perlite, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 5-8 parts of vermiculite, 3-5 parts of wood ash, 2-3 parts of superphosphate, and 0.5-1 parts of sulfur powder.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the decomposed water bamboo leaves have a cellulose degradation rate of ≥80%, an organic matter content of ≥50%, and a particle size of 1-2 cm.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the fermented fish product by-product has a protein conversion rate of ≥90%, a nitrogen content of ≥3.0%, a moisture content of ≤15%, and a particle size of 0.5-1cm.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste has a phosphorus content ≥1.5%, a pH value of 7.0-7.5, and a particle size of 1-2 mm.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the special nutrient soil for European moonflowers based on agricultural and fishery waste has a pH value of 5.5-6.5, a total porosity of 60%-70%, a non-capillary porosity of ≥35%, an organic matter content of ≥35%, a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of ≥4%, and a fertilizer effect period of 8-10 months.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Remove impurities and crush water chestnut leaves to obtain pretreated water chestnut leaves; remove impurities and grind fishery by-products to obtain pretreated fishery by-products; remove impurities and crush rice bran oil processing waste through magnetic separation to obtain pretreated rice bran processing waste. S2, Targeted composting treatment: S2.1 Preparation of fermented water bamboo leaves: The pretreated water bamboo leaves obtained in step S1 are fermented under the action of a fermentation agent, which is a compound microbial agent formed by Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. When the cellulose degradation rate of the pretreated water bamboo leaves is ≥80%, the fermentation is stopped to obtain the fermented water bamboo leaves product; the fermented water bamboo leaves product is sterilized to obtain fermented water bamboo leaves. S2.2 Preparation of composted fishery by-products: The pretreated fishery by-products obtained in step S1 are fermented under the action of EM bacteria. During the fermentation process, the mixture is stirred in stages: the first stage is stirred once a day to remove ammonia, and the second stage is stirred once every five days to retain nitrogen. When the protein conversion rate of the pretreated fishery by-products is ≥90%, the fermentation process is stopped to obtain the fishery fermentation product. The fishery fermentation product is dried, dehydrated, and pulverized to obtain composted fishery by-products. S2.3 Preparation of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste: The pretreated rice bran oil processing waste obtained in step S1 is fermented under conditions of 50%-55% moisture content and 50-60 ℃ to degrade alkaline substances in the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste and promote the activation of phosphorus. Fermentation continues until the phosphorus content of the rice bran oil fermentation product is ≥1.5% and the pH value is 7.0-7.5. The fermented rice bran oil processing waste is then obtained by sieving. S3. Mixing and Blending: Weigh out 25-35 parts of the decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15-20 parts of the decomposed fishery by-products, 10-15 parts of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 10-15 parts of perlite, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 5-8 parts of vermiculite, and 3-5 parts of wood ash according to the mass ratio in step S2, and stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixture; add 2-3 parts of superphosphate and 0.5-1 parts of sulfur powder to the mixture, stir and mix evenly, and test and adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the total porosity to 60%-70% to obtain a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the crushing device in step S1 is a twin-shaft crusher with a rotation speed of 1200-1500 r / min and a particle size of 1-2 cm for the pretreated water chestnut leaves.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the fishery by-products mentioned in step S1 include one or more of fish heads, fish tails, and fish viscera.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the grinding device in step S1 is a colloid mill with a gap of 0.5-1 mm and the particle size of the pretreated fishery by-products is 2-3 cm.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the magnetic field strength used in step S1 for magnetic separation and impurity removal is 1200-1500 Gs, and the particle size of the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste is ≤5 cm.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the amount of the composting agent in step S2.1 is 0.3%-0.5 wt. of the mass of the pretreated water chestnut leaves.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Aspergillus niger in the compound microbial agent in step S2.1 is 1:1, and the number of active bacteria is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process in step S2.1 involves putting the pretreated water chestnut leaves into a fermentation tank, adding the composting agent, adjusting the moisture content of the pretreated water chestnut leaves to 55%-60%, piling them into a heap of a set size, and fermenting them at 55-65 ℃ for 25-30 days, turning the heap regularly during the period.

[0020] Furthermore, the pile has a height of 1.2-1.5 m and a width of 2-3 m, the turning cycle is 3-5 days, and the turning depth is ≥80 cm.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the sterilization temperature in step S2.1 is 100-120 °C, and the time is 30-40 min.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the amount of EM agent used in step S2.2 is 0.5%-0.8% of the mass of the pretreated aquatic product by-products, and the number of active bacteria in the EM agent is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process in step S2.2 involves putting the pretreated fishery by-products into a sealed fermentation tank, adding the EM agent and adjusting the moisture content of the pretreated fishery by-products to 60%-65%, introducing nitrogen to create an anaerobic environment, and fermenting at 60-70 ℃ for 30-35 days, during which the segmented stirring is performed.

[0024] Furthermore, the oxygen content of the anaerobic environment is ≤5%, and the stirring speed of the segmented stirring is 200-300 r / min.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the drying and dehydration temperature in step S2.2 is 70-80 ℃, and the dehydration is carried out until the water content of the fermented fish product is ≤15%.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process in step S2.3 involves putting the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste into a fermentation tank, piling it into a pile of a set size, adjusting the moisture content of the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste to 50%-55%, and allowing it to ferment naturally at 50-60 ℃ for 20-25 days, during which time the pile is turned regularly to promote the activation of phosphorus.

[0027] Furthermore, the pile has a height of 1-1.2 m and a width of 1.5-2 m, and the turning cycle is 4-6 days.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the mixing device in step S3 is a twin-helix mixer with a mixing speed of 300-500 r / min.

[0029] In one possible implementation, in step S3, if the pH value is detected to be too high, sulfur powder is added for adjustment; if the porosity is detected to be insufficient, perlite is added for adjustment.

[0030] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste and its preparation method. This special nutrient soil for European roses boasts the core advantages of low cost, strong adaptability, and high resource utilization rate through the synergistic combination and scientific proportioning of various agricultural and fishery wastes. The core raw materials are widely available and inexpensive water chestnut leaves, fishery by-products, and rice bran oil processing waste, replacing traditional high-priced non-renewable peat and commercial organic fertilizers, significantly reducing raw material costs. In terms of physical structure, the fibrous skeleton of perlite, vermiculite, and decomposed water chestnut leaves works synergistically to achieve a total porosity of 60%-70% and a non-capillary porosity of 35-40%, perfectly matching the aeration requirements of the fibrous root system of European roses, while balancing water retention and aeration performance, greatly reducing the incidence of waterlogging and root rot. Regarding pH and nutrient supply, a precise blend of sulfur powder and wood ash stabilizes the pH within the optimal range for European roses, preventing physiological disorders such as chlorosis. Three types of decomposed waste provide carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources respectively, working in conjunction with superphosphate and wood ash to create a nutrient release curve of "slow release in the early stages and rapid release during flowering," with a fertilizer effect lasting 8-10 months, completely resolving the "nutrient deficiency" problem during flowering. Compared to single-waste treatment technologies, this invention, through the synergistic use of three types of waste and various conditioning agents, fully leverages the core value of each raw material, avoids the defects of single-waste substrates, and ensures that the physicochemical properties and nutrient supply of the potting soil are perfectly adapted to the growth of European roses, significantly improving the utilization rate of waste resources and the compatibility of the potting soil.

[0031] This invention provides a method for preparing a special nutrient soil for *Rhizophora stricta* (Chinese rose) based on agricultural and fishery waste. Through a three-stage process of "pretreatment-directional composting-mixing and blending," this method not only addresses the technical challenges of resource utilization of agricultural and fishery waste but also ensures the adaptability and stability of the special nutrient soil. This preparation method achieves the synergistic resource utilization of three types of waste: water chestnut leaves, fishery by-products, and rice bran oil processing waste. It reduces pollution from incineration and landfilling, while simultaneously replacing non-renewable resources such as peat, thus protecting wetland ecosystems. The waste raw materials are inexpensive, the fermentation cycle is shortened, and production time is saved, significantly reducing the preparation cost of the nutrient soil and facilitating large-scale production. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste in the embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the implementation methods and typical parameters of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the parameter range described in the present invention. Reasonable variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all terms, symbols, and other scientific terms used herein are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In some instances, terms having a conventional meaning are defined herein for clarification or ease of reference, and such definitions should not be construed as indicating a significant difference from conventional understanding in the art. The technical methods described or referenced herein are generally well understood by those skilled in the art and employed by conventional methods. Unless otherwise stated, the use of commercially available kits, reagents, and instruments shall be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and parameters.

[0036] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15-20 parts of decomposed fishery by-products, 10-15 parts of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 10-15 parts of perlite, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 5-8 parts of vermiculite, 3-5 parts of wood ash, 2-3 parts of superphosphate, and 0.5-1 parts of sulfur powder.

[0037] This invention provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste. Through the synergistic formulation and proportioning design of various agricultural and fishery wastes, this nutrient soil simultaneously possesses the advantages of low cost, strong adaptability, and high resource utilization. The core raw materials utilize agricultural and fishery wastes such as water chestnut leaves, fishery by-products, and rice bran oil processing waste. These raw materials are widely available and inexpensive, replacing expensive and non-renewable peat and costly commercial organic fertilizers in traditional substrates, significantly reducing raw material costs. The synergistic effect of perlite (high non-capillary porosity) and vermiculite (strong water retention), combined with the fibrous framework formed by decomposed water chestnut leaves, results in a total porosity of 60%-70%, with non-capillary porosity reaching 35%-40%. This perfectly matches the stringent aeration requirements of the European rose's fibrous root system. Simultaneously, the balanced ratio of capillary to non-capillary porosity ensures both the oxygen needed for root respiration and continuous water retention, reducing the incidence of waterlogging and root rot. By precisely blending sulfur powder and wood ash, the pH of the potting soil is stabilized within the range suitable for the absorption of trace elements such as iron and calcium by European roses, avoiding physiological disorders such as chlorosis caused by pH imbalance. Simultaneously, the alkalinity of rice bran oil processing waste is neutralized, achieving a substrate acid-base balance. Well-rotted water chestnut leaves provide a continuous carbon source, well-rotted fish product by-products supply a high-quality nitrogen source during flowering, and well-rotted rice bran oil processing waste supplements the phosphorus needed for root development; these three nutrients complement each other. Combined with superphosphate (available phosphorus) and wood ash (slow-release potassium), a nutrient release curve of "slow release in the early stage and rapid release during flowering" is constructed, ensuring that the fertilizer effect of the special potting soil for European roses lasts for 8-10 months, matching the growth cycle of European roses and overcoming the problem of "nutrient deficiency" during flowering caused by a mismatch between the growth needs of European roses and the performance of the potting soil. Single waste treatment technologies can only perform their single function and are prone to poor product performance due to their inherent defects, with resource utilization rates typically below 40%. The nutrient soil for European roses provided by this invention utilizes three types of waste in synergy, fully leveraging the core value of each type: pure water chestnut leaf substrate is nitrogen-deficient, pure fishery by-product substrate has insufficient aeration, and pure rice bran oil processing waste substrate has pH imbalance. Through the synergy of these three types of waste, combined with perlite, coconut coir, vermiculite, wood ash, superphosphate, and sulfur powder conditioner, the physicochemical properties and nutrient supply of the nutrient soil are perfectly matched to the growth requirements of European roses. The product's adaptability is significantly improved compared to single-waste substrates. This not only solves the problem of poor performance of single-waste treatment technologies but also greatly improves the utilization rate of agricultural and fishery waste resources.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the decomposed water bamboo leaves have a cellulose degradation rate of ≥80%, an organic matter content of ≥50%, and a particle size of 1-2 cm. Water bamboo leaves contain 35%-40% native cellulose, which is dense and difficult to degrade. A degradation rate of ≥80% means that most of the cellulose has been converted into small-molecule organic matter that is easily absorbed by the rose, preventing undegraded fibers from occupying substrate space and hindering nutrient transfer, thus ensuring that the carbon source in the water bamboo leaves can continuously supply the rose's growth. The high organic matter content of ≥50% provides a continuous and stable carbon source and nutrient carrier for the rose, which, combined with the nitrogen source from decomposed fishery by-products and the phosphorus source from decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, forms a synergistic "carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus" supply system, meeting the rose's main organic matter requirements during its flowering period. The 1-2 cm particle size forms a particle size gradient with conditioners such as perlite and vermiculite, creating air passages between large particles and filling gaps with small particles, achieving a balance between air-bearing and water-holding pores, ensuring root respiration while retaining moisture.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the decomposed fish product by-product has a protein conversion rate ≥90%, a nitrogen content ≥3.0%, a moisture content ≤15%, and a particle size of 0.5-1cm. While the protein content of fish product by-products is as high as 60%-70%, they are prone to spoilage and odor, and nitrogen loss exceeds 50%. A protein conversion rate ≥90% means that most of the protein has been converted into small-molecule nitrogen-containing compounds easily absorbed by *Rosa rugosa*. *Rosa rugosa* has a long flowering period and a continuous and stable demand for nitrogen. A nitrogen content ≥3.0% in the decomposed fish product by-product provides sufficient nitrogen for the growth of stems and leaves and flower bud differentiation, promoting an increase in the number of flowers, while ensuring sufficient chlorophyll content in the leaves and improving photosynthetic efficiency. A moisture content ≤15% ensures uniform dispersion when the decomposed fish product by-product is mixed with perlite, coconut coir, and other raw materials, maintaining the total porosity of the nutrient soil and meeting the stringent requirements of the *Rosa rugosa*'s fibrous root system for aeration. The particle size of the decomposed fish product by-products is 0.5-1 cm, which facilitates the attachment and entanglement of the roots of the European rose, forming a stable rhizosphere environment. At the same time, the gaps between the particles can store nutrients and water, forming a "rhizosphere nutrient ring" and improving the root system's absorption efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste has a phosphorus content ≥1.5%, a pH value of 7.0-7.5, and a particle size of 1-2 mm. Phosphorus is a core nutrient for the root elongation, flower bud differentiation, and flowering quality of European roses. The high phosphorus content (≥1.5%) of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste provides sufficient phosphorus for the growth of the fibrous root system of European roses, promoting the root development of the taproot and the germination of fibrous roots, while ensuring full flower buds during the flowering period. Controlling the pH value of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste within the slightly alkaline range of 7.0-7.5 can neutralize the acidity of acidic raw materials such as decomposed water chestnut leaves and coconut coir, stabilizing the overall pH value of the nutrient soil within a range suitable for the growth of European roses. The 1-2 mm particle size of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste has a compact structure, is not easily broken, and can maintain a loose substrate state for a long time; at the same time, the moderate particle size facilitates the formation of a reasonable particle size gradient with other raw materials, with large particles forming air channels and small particles filling gaps.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste has a pH of 5.5-6.5, a total porosity of 60%-70%, a non-capillary porosity ≥35%, an organic matter content ≥35%, a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content ≥4%, and a fertilizer effect period of 8-10 months. The slightly acidic environment of pH 5.5-6.5 significantly improves the absorption and utilization rate of macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by European roses. European roses have fibrous root systems, which have strict requirements for aeration porosity. A total porosity of 60%-70% and a non-capillary porosity of ≥35% can quickly drain excess water from the nutrient soil, ensuring the oxygen needed for root respiration. An organic matter content of ≥35% provides sufficient humus during the flowering period of European roses, and, combined with the nitrogen source from decomposed fishery by-products and the phosphorus source from decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, forms a synergistic "carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus" supply system. Nitrogen supports stem and leaf growth and photosynthesis, phosphorus promotes root development and flower bud differentiation, and potassium enhances stress resistance. The total content of these three elements is ≥4% and in a balanced ratio, meeting the nutritional needs of European roses throughout their entire lifecycle, from seedling stage to flowering. With a flowering period of 8-10 months, the synchronized fertilizer application design avoids the hassle of frequent topdressing during flowering and precisely supplies the nutrients required for the flowering period.

[0042] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Remove impurities and crush water chestnut leaves to obtain pretreated water chestnut leaves; remove impurities and grind fishery by-products to obtain pretreated fishery by-products; remove impurities and crush rice bran oil processing waste through magnetic separation to obtain pretreated rice bran processing waste. In step S1, targeted impurity removal is performed on three types of raw materials: water chestnut leaves, fishery by-products, and rice bran oil processing waste. This increases the concentration of effective components such as cellulose, protein, and phosphorus in the raw materials, ensuring that microorganisms can focus on the target components during the subsequent composting process and improve nutrient conversion efficiency. Crushing the water chestnut leaves increases the contact area with the composting agent, creating conditions for the decomposition of cellulose by the Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger compound agent. Grinding the fishery by-products breaks down the protein encapsulation structure, accelerating protein conversion during the subsequent anaerobic fermentation process with EM agents. Crushing the rice bran oil processing waste promotes the degradation of alkaline substances and the activation of phosphorus, providing a structural basis for subsequent fermentation.

[0043] S2, Targeted composting treatment: S2.1 Preparation of fermented water bamboo leaves: The pretreated water bamboo leaves obtained in step S1 are fermented under the action of a fermentation agent, which is a compound microbial agent formed by Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. When the cellulose degradation rate of the pretreated water bamboo leaves is ≥80%, the fermentation is stopped to obtain the fermented water bamboo leaves product; the fermented water bamboo leaves product is sterilized to obtain fermented water bamboo leaves. Step S2.1 utilizes a combined design of "targeted fermentation with a specialized compound microbial agent + degradation rate control + sterilization and sieving for quality improvement" to efficiently address the technical challenge of difficult cellulose degradation in water bamboo leaves, while simultaneously providing high-quality organic raw materials for the nutrient soil specifically designed for European roses. Water bamboo leaves contain 35%-40% cellulose and 20%-25% hemicellulose, exhibiting a dense and difficult-to-degrade structure. Bacillus subtilis, a high-yield cellulase producer, and Aspergillus niger, a high-yield hemicellulase producer, are combined to form a complementary compound microbial agent that can simultaneously decompose both types of difficult-to-degrade macromolecules. Compared to single microbial agents or natural composting, the degradation efficiency is more than doubled, ensuring a cellulose degradation rate ≥80%. While degrading fibers, the compound microbial agent converts the organic carbon in water bamboo leaves into small-molecule organic matter, such as humus, which is easily absorbed by European roses, building a stable carbon source reserve. A cellulose degradation rate ≥80% means that the vast majority of the fiber in water bamboo leaves is transformed into a loose and porous humified structure, ensuring thorough decomposition and stable performance of the water bamboo leaves. The fermentation products, after sterilization, can kill pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds. Combined with the antibacterial effect of the compound microbial agent during fermentation, it significantly reduces the probability of soil-borne diseases such as black spot and powdery mildew in European roses.

[0044] S2.2 Preparation of composted fishery by-products: The pretreated fishery by-products obtained in step S1 are fermented under the action of EM bacteria. During the fermentation process, the mixture is stirred in stages: the first stage is stirred once a day to remove ammonia, and the second stage is stirred once every five days to retain nitrogen. When the protein conversion rate of the pretreated fishery by-products is ≥90%, the fermentation process is stopped to obtain the fishery fermentation product. The fishery fermentation product is dried, dehydrated, and pulverized to obtain composted fishery by-products. Step S2.2 utilizes a combined design of "EM agent-directed fermentation + segmented stirring and nitrogen control + conversion rate control + drying, pulverizing, and quality improvement" to efficiently address the technical challenges of easy spoilage and significant nitrogen loss in fishery by-products, providing high-quality, high-nitrogen raw materials for the special nutrient soil for European mackerel. Fishery by-products have a protein content as high as 60%-70%, but natural fermentation easily leads to spoilage and foul odor, with a nitrogen loss rate exceeding 50%. EM agents contain various functional microorganisms that can rapidly decompose large organic molecules such as proteins, converting them into small nitrogen-containing compounds such as amino acids and ammonium nitrogen, which are easily absorbed by European mackerel. Compared to natural composting or single-agent fermentation, protein conversion efficiency is improved, ensuring a protein conversion rate ≥90%. During the initial fermentation stage (first stage), stirring is performed once daily to promptly remove ammonia produced by protein decomposition, preventing nitrogen loss due to ammonia volatilization and increasing nitrogen retention. Simultaneously, stirring enhances the material's permeability, providing sufficient oxygen for the EM agents, promoting their metabolic activity, and accelerating protein decomposition. During the later stages of fermentation (second stage), the mixture is stirred every five days to reduce material disturbance and prevent the converted small-molecule nitrogen compounds from volatilizing or being lost again. This also creates a relatively stable fermentation environment, promoting the conversion of nitrogen from a readily available state to a slow-release state, ensuring a continuous supply of nitrogen for the growth of European red snapper. A protein conversion rate of ≥90% is used as the fermentation endpoint to ensure the full conversion of protein in fish product by-products.

[0045] S2.3 Preparation of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste: The pretreated rice bran oil processing waste obtained in step S1 is fermented under the conditions of 50%-55% moisture content and 50-60 ℃ to degrade alkaline substances in the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste and promote the activation of phosphorus. Fermentation is carried out until the phosphorus content of the rice bran oil fermentation product is ≥1.5% and the pH value is 7.0-7.5. The decomposed rice bran oil processing waste is obtained by sieving. Step S2.3, through a combined design of "controlled water and temperature fermentation + performance optimization + screening and quality improvement," overcomes the technical challenges of the high alkalinity and difficulty in utilizing phosphorus in rice bran oil processing waste, providing a high-quality phosphorus source for the nutrient soil specifically designed for European roses. Rice bran oil processing waste has a native pH of 8.0-9.0, exhibiting strong alkalinity, and its use alone can easily lead to an imbalance in the substrate's acid-base balance. By controlling the fermentation environment with a moisture content of 50%-55% and a temperature of 50-60℃, the decomposition and neutralization of alkaline substances can be accelerated, stabilizing the pH of the fermentation product within a slightly alkaline range of 7.0-7.5, facilitating the subsequent construction of a slightly acidic growth environment suitable for European roses. Simultaneously, the 50%-55% moisture content provides sufficient water for microbial metabolism while ensuring the permeability of the fermentation pile; the mesophilic conditions of 50-60℃ activate the metabolic activity of microorganisms, accelerating the conversion rate of alkaline substances. Compared to natural composting, the alkaline degradation efficiency is significantly improved, and the fermentation cycle is significantly shortened. Rice bran oil processing waste is rich in phosphorus, but it exists mostly in the form of insoluble phosphorus, which is difficult for European roses to absorb. Temperature and humidity controlled fermentation can activate microorganisms to produce hydrolytic enzymes such as phosphatase, converting insoluble phosphorus into available phosphorus, making the phosphorus content ≥1.5%, significantly improving phosphorus utilization, and providing key nutritional support for the root development and flower bud differentiation of European roses.

[0046] S3. Mixing and Blending: Weigh out 25-35 parts of the decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15-20 parts of the decomposed fishery by-products, 10-15 parts of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 10-15 parts of perlite, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 5-8 parts of vermiculite, and 3-5 parts of wood ash according to the mass ratio in step S2, and stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixture; add 2-3 parts of superphosphate and 0.5-1 parts of sulfur powder to the mixture, stir and mix evenly, and test and adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the total porosity to 60%-70% to obtain a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste.

[0047] Step S3, through a combined design of "controlled proportioning + step-by-step mixing + performance calibration," organically integrates three types of decomposed waste with conditioning agents and nutrient supplements to match the physicochemical properties of the nutrient soil with the growth needs of European roses. It involves mixing 25-35 parts of decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15-20 parts of decomposed fishery by-products, and 10-15 parts of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste to form a core nutrient framework of "carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus." This is combined with 3-5 parts of wood ash and 2-3 parts of superphosphate to ensure that the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the nutrient soil is ≥4%, and the organic matter content is ≥35%, matching the high organic matter and balanced macronutrient requirements of European roses during their flowering period. A specific ratio of 10-15 parts perlite, 8-12 parts coconut coir, and 5-8 parts vermiculite is used to create a multi-level porous system, working synergistically with the fibrous framework of decomposed water chestnut leaves. The total porosity is 60%-70%, meeting the stringent aeration requirements of the root system of European roses while also retaining moisture. First, the three types of decomposed waste are mixed with perlite, coconut coir, and vermiculite as a physical conditioner to ensure a uniform physical structure of the substrate. Then, superphosphate (a readily available phosphorus source) and sulfur powder (a pH adjuster) are added to prevent premature reaction between the acidic conditioner and alkaline materials, reducing nutrient loss and ensuring stable fertilizer effectiveness. The sulfur powder neutralizes the slightly alkaline nature of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, and combined with the slightly acidic nature of the coconut coir and decomposed water chestnut leaves, stabilizes the pH of the potting soil within the suitable slightly acidic range of 5.5-6.5 for European roses.

[0048] This invention provides a method for preparing a special nutrient soil for *Rhizophora stricta* (Chinese rose) based on agricultural and fishery waste. Through a three-stage process of "pretreatment-directional composting-mixing and blending," this method not only addresses the technical challenges of resource utilization of agricultural and fishery waste but also ensures the adaptability and stability of the special nutrient soil. This preparation method achieves the synergistic resource utilization of three types of waste: water chestnut leaves, fishery by-products, and rice bran oil processing waste. It reduces pollution from incineration and landfilling, while simultaneously replacing non-renewable resources such as peat, thus protecting wetland ecosystems. The waste raw materials are inexpensive, the fermentation cycle is shortened, and production time is saved, significantly reducing the preparation cost of the nutrient soil and facilitating large-scale production.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the pulverizing device in step S1 is a twin-shaft pulverizer with a rotation speed of 1200-1500 r / min, and the pretreated water chestnut leaves have a particle size of 1-2 cm. Water chestnut leaves have robust and tough fibers. The shearing and extrusion combined pulverizing mode of the twin-shaft pulverizer can more efficiently break down the fiber structure, avoiding entanglement and blockage. Combined with the high rotation speed of 1200-1500 r / min, the pulverizing process is fast and uniform, which is beneficial for improving raw material processing efficiency. The 1-2 cm particle size significantly increases the surface area of ​​the water chestnut leaves, allowing for sufficient contact with the Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus niger compound inoculant, providing ample action sites for cellulase and hemicellulase, helping to quickly achieve the cellulose degradation rate target of ≥80% and shortening the fermentation cycle.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the fishery by-products mentioned in step S1 include one or more of fish heads, tails, and viscera. Fish heads and tails are rich in collagen and muscle protein, while fish viscera are rich in crude protein. The protein content of all three reaches 60%-70%, providing sufficient substrate for subsequent EM inoculant fermentation and ensuring a protein conversion rate ≥90%. This, in turn, ensures that the nitrogen content of the fermented product is ≥3.0%, providing a high-quality nitrogen source for the flowering period of European roses.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the grinding device in step S1 is a colloid mill with a gap of 0.5-1 mm, and the particle size of the pretreated aquatic product by-product is 2-3 cm. The aquatic product by-product contains tough components such as muscle tissue and collagen. The shearing and grinding combined action of the colloid mill can more efficiently break down tough materials. The 0.5-1 mm gap setting can control the degree of grinding, ensuring uniform material crushing. The 2-3 cm particle size allows the pretreated aquatic product by-product to form a loose aggregate structure, reserving sufficient ventilation space. Combined with the segmented stirring process, this ensures rapid oxygen removal in the early stages of anaerobic fermentation and maintains a stable anaerobic environment in the later stages.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the magnetic field strength used for magnetic separation in step S1 is 1200-1500 Gs, and the particle size of the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste is ≤5 cm. Metal fragments and ferromagnetic impurities are easily mixed in during rice bran oil processing. A magnetic field strength of 1200-1500 Gs can strongly adsorb various ferromagnetic impurities, achieving a removal rate of over 99%. A particle size of ≤5 cm for the rice bran oil processing waste increases the contact area with microorganisms, providing sufficient sites for the degradation of alkaline substances and activation of phosphorus during fermentation.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the amount of composting agent used in step S2.1 is 0.3%-0.5 wt.% of the mass of the pretreated water chestnut leaves. Water chestnut leaves have a high cellulose content, and the amount of composting agent at 0.3%-0.5 wt.% can provide sufficient functional microorganisms to ensure the continuous and efficient secretion of cellulase and hemicellulase, helping to quickly achieve the target of ≥80% cellulose degradation rate.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Aspergillus niger in the compound microbial agent in step S2.1 is 1:1, and the number of active bacteria is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g. Bacillus subtilis is adept at secreting cellulase to decompose cellulose in water chestnut leaves, while Aspergillus niger is adept at secreting high-yield hemicellulase and ligninase. The 1:1 ratio of the two can act simultaneously on cellulose, hemicellulose and a small amount of lignin in water chestnut leaves, so that the cellulose degradation rate can quickly reach the target of ≥80%.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process in step S2.1 involves placing the pretreated water chestnut leaves into a fermentation tank, adding the composting agent, and adjusting the moisture content of the pretreated water chestnut leaves to 55%-60%. After piling them into a designated size, fermentation is carried out at 55-65 ℃ for 25-30 days, with regular turning during the process. The moisture content of the pretreated water chestnut leaves, at 55%-60%, provides sufficient metabolic media for the Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger compound inoculant, promoting the secretion of cellulase and hemicellulase, while ensuring the permeability of the pile, enabling the cellulose degradation rate to quickly reach the target of ≥80%. The fermentation range of 55-65 ℃ is the optimal activity temperature for the compound inoculant, significantly accelerating the decomposition and transformation of cellulose and hemicellulose in the water chestnut leaves. At the same time, it can kill residual pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the raw materials, reducing the risk of disease occurrence in subsequent cultivation. The 25-30 day fermentation period covers the complete metabolic process of the compound microbial agent, from the adaptation period to the logarithmic growth phase and the stationary phase. This ensures sufficient degradation of cellulose while preventing over-fermentation and loss of organic matter. Turning the pile breaks up the compacted layer, replenishes oxygen, and maintains the dominance of aerobic bacteria. At the same time, it ensures uniform mixing of the material and guarantees consistent degradation across all parts.

[0056] Furthermore, the pile has dimensions of 1.2-1.5 m in height and 2-3 m in width, and the turning cycle is 3-5 days, with a turning depth ≥80 cm. The 1.2-1.5 m height and 2-3 m width allow for self-heating and insulation through microbial metabolic heat generation, stabilizing the core temperature of the pile within a suitable range of 55-65 ℃. The 3-5 day turning cycle matches the metabolic cycle of the compound microbial agent, ensuring timely oxygen replenishment, maintaining the dominance of aerobic bacteria, promoting continuous cellulase secretion, and facilitating a rapid cellulose degradation rate of ≥80%. The ≥80 cm turning depth brings insufficiently fermented material from the bottom and edges of the pile to the surface high-temperature zone, ensuring uniform decomposition throughout the pile.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the sterilization temperature in step S2.1 is 100-120 ℃, and the time is 30-40 min. A sterilization temperature of 100-120 ℃ can completely inactivate residual pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the fermentation products of water chestnut leaves. Combined with a duration of 30-40 min, the sterilization rate reaches over 99%, significantly reducing the risk of soil-borne diseases and weed growth during the seedling stage of water chestnuts.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the amount of EM agent used in step S2.2 is 0.5%-0.8% of the mass of the pretreated aquatic product by-products, and the number of active bacteria in the EM agent is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9CFU / g. Pre-treated fishery by-products have a protein content as high as 60%-70%, and a dosage of 0.5%-0.8% provides sufficient functional microbial flora, ensuring a rapid protein conversion rate of ≥90%; the number of active bacteria is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 High-concentration microbial agents (CFU / g) can rapidly form dominant microbial communities in materials, shorten the adaptation period, and directly enter the efficient metabolic stage.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process involves placing the pretreated aquatic product by-products into a sealed fermentation tank, adding the EM (Effective Microorganisms) agent, adjusting the moisture content of the pretreated aquatic product by-products to 60%-65%, introducing nitrogen to create an anaerobic environment, and fermenting at 60-70°C for 30-35 days, during which the process involves segmented stirring. The sealed structure of the fermentation tank can precisely maintain the temperature, humidity, and anaerobic environment inside the tank, ensuring consistent performance of each batch of fermented products. The 60%-65% moisture content of the pretreated aquatic product by-products provides sufficient metabolic media for the EM agent, promoting protease secretion and ensuring continuous protein decomposition. The EM agent can efficiently decompose proteins under anaerobic conditions, and the nitrogen gas, combined with oxygen isolation, can improve protein conversion efficiency. The fermentation temperature of 60-70°C can improve the metabolic efficiency of the EM agent, shortening the fermentation cycle to 30-35 days and increasing fermentation efficiency. The 30-35 day fermentation covers the entire life cycle of the EM agent, ensuring that proteins are fully decomposed into easily absorbed forms such as amino acids and ammonium nitrogen.

[0060] Furthermore, the oxygen content in the anaerobic environment is ≤5%, and the stirring speed of the segmented stirring is 200-300 r / min. EM agents can only efficiently decompose proteins under anaerobic conditions. An oxygen content of ≤5% can completely inhibit the growth of aerobic bacteria, ensuring that the protein conversion rate quickly reaches ≥90%. The stirring speed of 200-300 r / min can quickly break up material agglomerates, allowing the EM agent to fully contact the pretreated aquatic product by-products, ensuring a consistent protein conversion rate throughout the batch.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the drying and dehydration temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the dehydration is carried out until the moisture content of the fish product fermentation product is ≤15%. The medium temperature range of 70-80 ℃ can quickly evaporate the free water in the fermentation product, which is suitable for the efficiency requirements of large-scale production; the low moisture content of ≤15% makes the material dry and loose, and it is not easy to stick together when crushing, so as to quickly form uniform particle size.

[0062] In one possible implementation, the fermentation process in step S2.3 involves placing the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste into a fermentation tank, piling it into a heap of predetermined dimensions, and adjusting the moisture content of the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste to 50%-55%. The waste is then naturally fermented at 50-60°C for 20-25 days, with regular turning during this period to promote phosphorus activation. The fermentation tank allows for the concentrated accumulation of pretreated rice bran oil processing waste, reducing heat and moisture loss and helping to maintain a stable internal microenvironment. The 50-55% moisture content of the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste provides sufficient medium for microbial metabolism, promoting the secretion of alkaline decomposing enzymes and phosphatases, while also ensuring the permeability of the heap. The fermentation temperature of 50-60°C activates the activity of functional microorganisms, accelerating the degradation of alkaline substances in the rice bran oil processing waste and reducing the pH value from 8.0-9.0 to 7.0-7.5. Simultaneously, it promotes the conversion of insoluble phosphorus to readily available phosphorus, ensuring a phosphorus content ≥1.5%, meeting the phosphorus absorption requirements of the plant. The 20-25 day fermentation cycle covers the complete process of "alkaline degradation - phosphorus activation - product stabilization," ensuring sufficient neutralization of alkaline substances and efficient phosphorus activation, thus stabilizing the properties of the fermentation product. Turning the pile breaks up the compacted layer, allowing oxygen to fully penetrate into the deeper layers of the material, maintaining the dominant position of aerobic microorganisms, accelerating the synthesis and secretion of phosphatases, and ensuring uniform phosphorus activation in all parts of the pile.

[0063] Furthermore, the pile has dimensions of 1-1.2 m in height and 1.5-2 m in width, and the turning cycle is 4-6 days. The pile's dimensions of 1-1.2 m in height and 1.5-2 m in width ensure internal air permeability while reducing excessive moisture evaporation, making it easier to maintain a suitable moisture content of 50%-55%. The 4-6 day turning cycle matches the "alkaline degradation-phosphorus activation" cycle of rice bran oil processing waste fermentation, allowing for timely oxygen replenishment, maintaining the dominance of aerobic microorganisms, promoting continuous phosphatase secretion, and helping to quickly achieve the target phosphorus content ≥1.5% and pH value of 7.0-7.5.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the mixing device in step S3 is a twin-helix mixer with a mixing speed of 300-500 r / min. The twin-helix structure, through co-rotation or counter-rotation, creates axial pushing and radial shearing of the materials. For multi-particle-size and multi-form components such as fermented water chestnut leaves, fermented fishery by-products, and perlite, the forced mixing action of the twin helix ensures thorough penetration and fusion of various raw materials; the 300-500 r / min speed generates sufficient mixing kinetic energy, enabling uniform mixing of the raw materials in a short time.

[0065] In one possible implementation, in step S3, if the pH value is detected to be too high, sulfur powder is added for adjustment; if insufficient porosity is detected, perlite is added for adjustment. Sulfur powder decomposes in water to produce acidic substances, which can quickly neutralize the weak alkalinity remaining from the waste of fermented rice bran oil processing, bringing the high pH value back to the suitable range of 5.5-6.5 for European roses. Furthermore, the acidification effect of sulfur powder is released slowly, maintaining the stability of the substrate's pH over a long period. Perlite has high non-capillary porosity, which can directly supplement the substrate's aeration gaps, rapidly increasing the insufficient total porosity to 60%-70%, while increasing the proportion of non-capillary porosity to ≥35%, meeting the oxygen requirements of the European rose's fibrous root system. Moreover, perlite is chemically stable and will not react with nutrients such as superphosphate and wood ash, ensuring stable key nutrient indicators such as organic matter ≥35% and available phosphorus while optimizing the structure, without affecting the nutrient supply during the European rose's flowering period.

[0066] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and comparative examples. All reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available or synthesized by conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing. The instruments used in the embodiments are also commercially available.

[0067] Example 1 This embodiment provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste. The composition by weight is as follows: 30 parts of decomposed water chestnut leaves, 18 parts of decomposed fishery by-products, 12 parts of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 12 parts of perlite, 10 parts of coconut coir, 6 parts of vermiculite, 4 parts of wood ash, 2.5 parts of superphosphate, and 0.8 parts of sulfur powder. The pH value is 6.0, the total porosity is 65% (of which capillary porosity is 28% and non-capillary porosity is 37%), the organic matter content is 38%, and the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 4.2% (nitrogen 2.0%, phosphorus 1.4%, potassium 0.8%). The predicted fertilizer effect period is 9 months.

[0068] The preparation method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Raw material pretreatment: S1.1 Pretreatment of water bamboo leaves: Select fresh water bamboo leaves that are free from mold, pests, and pesticide residues. The initial moisture content should be controlled at 74%-76% (standard value 75%). Remove yellow leaves, withered leaves, weeds, and attached soil, gravel, and other impurities. Evenly feed the screened water bamboo leaves into a dual-shaft pulverizer of model FSJ-500. Set the pulverizer speed to 1400 r / min to ensure that the leaves are fully pulverized. After pulverization, classify the leaves through a double-layer screen of 1 cm and 2 cm and collect particles with a diameter of 1-2 cm to obtain pretreated water bamboo leaves. S1.2 Pre-treatment of fishery by-products: Collect fresh freshwater fish processing by-products (mainly fish heads, tails, and viscera, with a protein content ≥65%), and use a combination of manual sorting and magnetic separation to thoroughly remove hard objects such as bones, scales, metal fragments, and plastic impurities, ensuring an impurity removal rate ≥99%; feed the impurity-removed by-products in batches into a JM-80 colloid mill, adjust the equipment gap to 0.8 mm, start the equipment for crushing, remove the crushed material, and screen it through a 2 cm and 3 cm double-layer screen to collect 2-3 cm granular material, thus obtaining pre-treated fishery by-products; S1.3 Pretreatment of Rice Bran Oil Processing Waste: Filter residue and oil residue generated during the rice bran oil refining process are selected, and their phosphorus content is tested to be ≥4.1% and pH value is 8.4-8.6 (standard value pH 8.5). Large lumps, wood impurities, and other foreign objects are removed. The screened waste is fed into a magnetic separator of model RCYD-1200, with the magnetic field strength set to 1400 Gs and the material throughput speed controlled at 0.5 m / min to ensure full contact between the material and the magnetic field, and the removal rate of metal impurities is ≥99.5%. The waste after impurity removal is fed into a jaw crusher of model PE-150×250, and the discharge port gap is adjusted for grading and crushing. After crushing, the material is passed through a 5 mm standard screen, and particles with a particle size ≤5 mm are collected to obtain pretreated rice bran oil processing waste. S2, Targeted composting treatment: S2.1 Preparation of Fermented Water Bamboo Leaves: The pretreated water bamboo leaves obtained in step S1 are evenly fed into a concrete fermentation tank with dimensions of 5 m long × 2 m wide × 1 m deep. A fermentation agent is added at 0.4% of the actual weight of the pretreated water bamboo leaves. This fermentation agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a 1:1 mass ratio, with an effective viable count of 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, purchased from a biotechnology company in Shandong. The moisture content of the pretreated water chestnut leaves was precisely adjusted to 58% by evenly spraying water. Then, an FP-1800 turning machine was used to shape the pile into a neat pile 1.3 m high and 2.5 m wide. A temperature control system equipped with electric heating elements was activated to maintain the pile temperature stably at 55-65 ℃ for 28 days of fermentation. During fermentation, the pile was turned every 4 days, with a turning depth controlled at 85 cm to ensure uniform decomposition. After fermentation, the cellulose degradation rate was found to be 82%. The material was then sent to a WSM-1000 horizontal sterilizer for high-temperature sterilization at 120 ℃ for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the material was sieved through a 20-mesh standard sieve to control the particle size to 1-2 cm. The organic matter content was found to be 52%, yielding fully decomposed water chestnut leaves. S2.2 Preparation of composted fishery by-products: The pretreated fishery by-products obtained in step S1 are put into a GF-5000 container with a volume of 5 m³. 3 Inside a stainless steel sealed fermentation tank, EM (Effective Microorganisms) agent was added at 0.6% of the actual weight of the pre-treated aquatic product by-products. The viable count of this agent reached 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, purchased from a Japanese company. After thorough mixing, water was sprayed to precisely adjust the moisture content to 62%. Then, 99.9% pure nitrogen was introduced to create an anaerobic environment with an oxygen content ≤3%, and the fermentation temperature was maintained at 65℃ for 32 days. During fermentation, a segmented stirring mode was used: once a day for the first 10 days at a speed of 250 r / min for 6 minutes each time; after 10 days, stirring was done every 5 days to ensure uniform composting and minimize nitrogen loss. After fermentation, the protein conversion rate was found to be 91%. The fermentation product was then sent to a DW-1200 belt dryer for dehydration at 80℃ to a moisture content of 12%, followed by pulverization to a particle size of 0.5-1 cm using a WFJ-15 ultrafine pulverizer. The nitrogen content was found to be 3.2%, yielding the composted fishery by-product. S2.3 Preparation of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste: The pretreated rice bran processing waste obtained in step S1 was placed into a brick-built fermentation tank with dimensions of 4 m long × 2 m wide × 0.8 m deep, and then piled up into a regular pile with a height of 1.1 m and a width of 1.8 m. Water was sprayed evenly to precisely adjust the moisture content of the pile to 52%, followed by natural fermentation for 22 days. During fermentation, the pile was turned every 5 days using a turning tool, and the temperature at different depths (30 cm, 60 cm) was monitored in real time using a thermometer to ensure a stable temperature of 50-60 ℃ to promote the full activation of phosphorus. After fermentation, the material was sieved through a 15-mesh standard sieve to control the particle size to 1-2 mm. The phosphorus content was found to be 1.6%, and the pH value was 7.2, yielding the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste. S3. Mixing and Blending: Accurately weigh 30 parts by weight of the fermented water chestnut leaves, 18 parts by weight of the fermented fishery by-products, 12 parts by weight of the fermented rice bran oil processing waste, 12 parts by weight of the perlite, 10 parts by weight of the coconut coir, 6 parts by weight of the vermiculite, and 4 parts by weight of the wood ash. Add them together to an SHJ-2000 twin-screw mixer, set the mixing speed to 400 r / min, and continue mixing for 18 minutes to ensure that all the basic raw materials are fully mixed. Then add 2.5 parts by weight of superphosphate and 0.8 parts by weight of sulfur powder, and continue mixing for 5 minutes until the material is uniform and free of lumps. Sampling and index testing showed that the pH value was 6.0, the total porosity was 65% (including 28% capillary porosity and 37% non-capillary porosity), the organic matter content was 38%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was 4.2% (nitrogen 2.0%, phosphorus 1.4%, potassium 0.8%), and the fertilizer effect period was predicted to be 9 months. This yielded a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, which meets the growth requirements of European roses.

[0069] Example 2 This embodiment provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste. The composition by weight is as follows: 25 parts of decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15 parts of decomposed fishery by-products, 10 parts of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 10 parts of perlite, 8 parts of coconut coir, 5 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of wood ash, 2 parts of superphosphate, and 0.5 parts of sulfur powder. The pH value is 5.5, the total porosity is 60% (of which capillary porosity is 25% and non-capillary porosity is 35%), the organic matter content is 35%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 4%, and the predicted fertilizer effect period is 8 months.

[0070] The preparation method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Raw material pretreatment: S1.1 Pretreatment of water bamboo leaves: Select fresh water bamboo leaves that are free from mold, pests, and pesticide residues. The initial moisture content should be controlled at 74%-76% (standard value 75%). Remove yellow leaves, withered leaves, weeds, and attached soil, gravel, and other impurities. Evenly feed the screened water bamboo leaves into a dual-shaft pulverizer of model FSJ-500. Set the pulverizer speed to 1200 r / min to ensure that the leaves are fully pulverized. After pulverization, classify the leaves through a double-layer screen of 1 cm and 2 cm and collect particles with a diameter of 1-2 cm to obtain pretreated water bamboo leaves. S1.2 Pre-treatment of fishery by-products: Collect fresh freshwater fish processing by-products (mainly fish heads, tails, and viscera, with a protein content ≥65%), and use a combination of manual sorting and magnetic separation to thoroughly remove hard objects such as bones, scales, metal fragments, and plastic impurities, ensuring an impurity removal rate ≥99%; feed the impurity-removed by-products into a colloid mill (model: JM-80) in batches, adjust the equipment gap to 0.5 mm, start the equipment for crushing, remove the crushed material, and screen it through a double-layer sieve of 2 cm and 3 cm to collect 2-3 cm granular material, thus obtaining pre-treated fishery by-products; S1.3 Pretreatment of Rice Bran Oil Processing Waste: Filter residue and oil residue generated during the rice bran oil refining process are selected, and their phosphorus content is tested to be ≥4.1% and pH value is 8.4-8.6 (standard value pH 8.5). Large lumps, wood impurities, and other foreign objects are removed. The screened waste is fed into a magnetic separator of model RCYD-1200, with the magnetic field strength set to 1200 Gs and the material throughput speed controlled at 0.5 m / min to ensure full contact between the material and the magnetic field, and the removal rate of metal impurities is ≥99.5%. The waste after impurity removal is fed into a jaw crusher of model PE-150×250, and the discharge port gap is adjusted for grading and crushing. After crushing, the material is passed through a 5 mm standard screen, and particles with a particle size ≤5 mm are collected to obtain pretreated rice bran oil processing waste. S2, Targeted composting treatment: S2.1 Preparation of composted water bamboo leaves: The pretreated water bamboo leaves obtained in step S1 are evenly fed into a concrete fermentation tank with dimensions of 5 m long × 2 m wide × 1 m deep. A composting agent is added at 0.3% of the actual weight of the pretreated water bamboo leaves. This composting agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a 1:1 mass ratio, with an effective viable count of 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, purchased from a biotechnology company in Shandong. The moisture content of the pretreated water chestnut leaves was precisely adjusted to 55% by evenly spraying water. Then, an FP-1800 turning machine was used to shape the pile into a neat pile 1.2 m high and 2 m wide. A temperature control system equipped with electric heating elements was activated to maintain the pile temperature stably at 55-65 ℃ for 25 days of fermentation. During fermentation, the pile was turned every 3 days, with a turning depth controlled at 85 cm to ensure uniform decomposition. After fermentation, the cellulose degradation rate was found to be 80%. The material was then sent to a WSM-1000 horizontal sterilizer for high-temperature sterilization at 120 ℃ for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the material was sieved through a 20-mesh standard sieve, controlling the particle size to 1-2 cm. The organic matter content was found to be 50%, yielding fully decomposed water chestnut leaves. S2.2 Preparation of composted fishery by-products: The pretreated fishery by-products obtained in step S1 are put into a GF-5000 container with a volume of 5m³. 3 Inside a stainless steel sealed fermentation tank, EM (Effective Microorganisms) agent was added at 0.5% of the actual weight of the pre-treated aquatic product by-products. The viable count of this agent reached 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, purchased from a Japanese company. After thorough mixing, water was sprayed to precisely adjust the moisture content to 60%. Then, 99.9% pure nitrogen was introduced to create an anaerobic environment with an oxygen content ≤3%, and the fermentation temperature was maintained at 60℃ for 30 days. During fermentation, a segmented stirring mode was used: once a day for the first 10 days at a speed of 250 r / min for 6 minutes each time; after 10 days, stirring was done every 5 days to ensure uniform composting and minimize nitrogen loss. After fermentation, the protein conversion rate was found to be 91%. The fermentation product was then sent to a DW-1200 belt dehydrator and dehydrated to 14% moisture content at 80℃. It was then pulverized to a particle size of 0.5-1 cm using a WFJ-15 ultrafine pulverizer, and the nitrogen content was found to be 3%, yielding the composted fishery by-product. S2.3 Preparation of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste: The pretreated rice bran processing waste obtained in step S1 was placed into a brick-built fermentation tank with dimensions of 4m long × 2m wide × 0.8m deep, and then piled up into a regular pile with a height of 1.1m and a width of 1.8m. Water was sprayed evenly to precisely adjust the moisture content of the pile to 50%, followed by 20 days of natural fermentation. During fermentation, the pile was turned every 4 days using a turning tool, and the temperature at different depths (30cm, 60cm) was monitored in real time using a thermometer to ensure a stable temperature of 50-60℃ to promote the full activation of phosphorus. After fermentation, the material was sieved through a 15-mesh standard sieve to control the particle size to 1-2mm. The phosphorus content was found to be 1.5%, and the pH value was 7, yielding the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste. S3. Mixing and Blending: Accurately weigh 25 parts by weight of the decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15 parts by weight of the decomposed fishery by-products, 10 parts by weight of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste obtained in S2, along with 10 parts by weight of perlite, 8 parts by weight of coconut coir, 5 parts by weight of vermiculite, and 3 parts by weight of wood ash. Add all ingredients to an SHJ-2000 twin-screw mixer, set the mixing speed to 300 r / min, and continue mixing for 15 minutes to ensure thorough mixing of all basic materials. Then add 2 parts by weight of superphosphate and 0.5 parts by weight of sulfur powder, and continue mixing for 5 minutes until the material is uniform and free of lumps. Samples were taken for index testing. The results showed: pH value of 5.5, total porosity of 60% (including 25% capillary porosity and 35% non-capillary porosity), organic matter content of 35%, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 4.0%, and a predicted fertilizer effect period of 8 months. This yielded a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, meeting the growth requirements of European roses.

[0071] Example 3 This embodiment provides a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste. The composition by weight is as follows: 35 parts of decomposed water chestnut leaves, 20 parts of decomposed fishery by-products, 15 parts of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 15 parts of perlite, 12 parts of coconut coir, 8 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of wood ash, 3 parts of superphosphate, and 1 part of sulfur powder. The pH value is 6.05, the total porosity is 70% (of which capillary porosity is 30% and non-capillary porosity is 40%), the organic matter content is 42%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 4.5%, and the predicted fertilizer effect period is 10 months.

[0072] The preparation method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Raw material pretreatment: S1.1 Pretreatment of water bamboo leaves: Select fresh water bamboo leaves that are free from mold, pests, and pesticide residues. The initial moisture content should be controlled at 74%-76% (standard value 75%). Remove yellow leaves, withered leaves, weeds, and attached soil, gravel, and other impurities. Evenly feed the screened water bamboo leaves into a dual-shaft pulverizer of model FSJ-500. Set the pulverizer speed to 14500 r / min to ensure that the leaves are fully pulverized. After pulverization, classify the leaves through a double-layer screen of 1 cm and 2 cm and collect particles with a diameter of 1-2 cm to obtain pretreated water bamboo leaves. S1.2 Pre-treatment of fishery by-products: Collect fresh freshwater fish processing by-products (mainly fish heads, tails, and viscera, with a protein content ≥65%), and use a combination of manual sorting and magnetic separation to thoroughly remove hard objects such as bones, scales, metal fragments, and plastic impurities, ensuring an impurity removal rate ≥99%; feed the impurity-removed by-products into a JM-80 colloid mill in batches, adjust the equipment gap to 1 mm, start the equipment for crushing, remove the material after crushing, and screen it through a double-layer sieve of 2 cm and 3 cm to collect 2-3 cm granular material, thus obtaining pre-treated fishery by-products; S1.3 Pretreatment of Rice Bran Oil Processing Waste: Filter residue and oil residue generated during the rice bran oil refining process are selected, and their phosphorus content is tested to be ≥4.1% and pH value is 8.4-8.6 (standard value pH 8.5). Large lumps, wood impurities, and other foreign objects are removed. The screened waste is fed into a magnetic separator of model RCYD-1200, with the magnetic field strength set to 1500 Gs and the material throughput speed controlled at 0.5 m / min to ensure full contact between the material and the magnetic field, and the removal rate of metal impurities is ≥99.5%. The waste after impurity removal is fed into a jaw crusher of model PE-150×250, and the discharge port gap is adjusted for grading and crushing. After crushing, the material is passed through a 5 mm standard screen, and particles with a particle size ≤5 mm are collected to obtain pretreated rice bran oil processing waste. S2, Targeted composting treatment: S2.1 Preparation of Fermented Water Bamboo Leaves: The pretreated water bamboo leaves obtained in step S1 are evenly fed into a concrete fermentation tank with dimensions of 5 m long × 2 m wide × 1 m deep. A fermentation agent is added at 0.5% of the actual weight of the pretreated water bamboo leaves. This fermentation agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a 1:1 mass ratio, with an effective viable count of 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, purchased from a biotechnology company in Shandong. The moisture content of the pretreated water chestnut leaves was precisely adjusted to 60% by evenly spraying water. Then, an FP-1800 turning machine was used to shape the pile into a neat pile 1.5 m high and 3 m wide. A temperature control system equipped with electric heating elements was activated to maintain the pile temperature stably at 55-65 ℃ for 30 days of fermentation. During fermentation, the pile was turned every 5 days, with a turning depth controlled at 85 cm to ensure uniform decomposition. After fermentation, the cellulose degradation rate was found to be 85%. The material was then sent to a WSM-1000 horizontal sterilizer for high-temperature sterilization at 120 ℃ for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the material was sieved through a 20-mesh standard sieve to control the particle size to 1-2 cm. The organic matter content was found to be 55%, yielding fully decomposed water chestnut leaves. S2.2 Preparation of composted fishery by-products: The pretreated fishery by-products obtained in step S1 are put into a GF-5000 container with a volume of 5m³. 3 Inside a stainless steel sealed fermentation tank, EM (Effective Microorganisms) agent was added at 0.8% of the actual weight of the pre-treated aquatic product by-products. The viable count of this agent reached 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, purchased from a Japanese company. After thorough mixing, water was sprayed to precisely adjust the moisture content to 65%. Then, 99.9% pure nitrogen was introduced to create an anaerobic environment with an oxygen content ≤3%, and the fermentation temperature was maintained at 70℃ for 35 days. During fermentation, a segmented stirring mode was used: once a day for the first 10 days at a speed of 250 r / min for 6 minutes each time; after 10 days, stirring was done every 5 days to ensure uniform composting and minimize nitrogen loss. After fermentation, the protein conversion rate was found to be 91%. The fermentation product was then sent to a DW-1200 belt dehydrator and dehydrated to 13% moisture content at 80℃. It was then pulverized to a particle size of 0.5-1 cm using a WFJ-15 ultrafine pulverizer, and the nitrogen content was found to be 3.5%, yielding the composted fishery by-product. S2.3 Preparation of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste: The pretreated rice bran processing waste obtained in step S1 was placed into a brick-built fermentation tank with dimensions of 4 m long × 2 m wide × 0.8 m deep, and then piled up into a regular pile with a height of 1.1 m and a width of 1.8 m. Water was sprayed evenly to precisely adjust the moisture content of the pile to 552%, followed by 25 days of natural fermentation. During fermentation, the pile was turned every 6 days using a turning tool, and the temperature at different depths (30 cm, 60 cm) was monitored in real time using a thermometer to ensure a stable temperature of 50-60 ℃ to promote the full activation of phosphorus. After fermentation, the material was sieved through a 15-mesh standard sieve to control the particle size to 1-2 mm. The phosphorus content was found to be 1.8%, and the pH value was 7.5, yielding the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste. S3. Mixing and Blending: Accurately weigh 35 parts by weight of the following ingredients obtained in S2: decomposed water chestnut leaves, 20 parts by weight of decomposed fishery by-products, 15 parts by weight of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 15 parts by weight of perlite, 12 parts by weight of coconut coir, 8 parts by weight of vermiculite, and 5 parts by weight of wood ash. Add all ingredients to an SHJ-2000 twin-screw mixer, set the mixing speed to 500 r / min, and continue mixing for 20 minutes to ensure thorough mixing of all basic materials. Then add 3 parts by weight of superphosphate and 1 part by weight of sulfur powder, and continue mixing for 5 minutes until the material is uniform and free of lumps. Samples were taken for testing. The results showed: pH value of 6.5, total porosity of 70% (30% capillary porosity and 40% non-capillary porosity), organic matter content of 42%, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 4.5%, and a predicted fertilizer effect period of 10 months. This yielded a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, meeting the growth requirements of European roses.

[0073] Comparative Example 1 Commercially available general-purpose rose potting soil contains 45 wt.% peat moss, 28 wt.% organic matter, a pH of 6.2, and a total porosity of 52%.

[0074] The seedling performance of the nutrient soils provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 was tested using the following methods: Forty one-year-old European rose seedlings (variety: Pink Dragon Gemstone) with uniform growth were selected, with a plant height of 15±2 cm and a fresh root weight of 8±1 g. The seedlings were randomly divided into four groups of 10 seedlings each and potted (pot diameter 25 cm, height 30 cm), with 3 kg of soil per pot. The cultivation conditions were consistent: 12 h / d light, temperature 20-25 ℃, relative humidity 60%-70%, watering once a week (200 ml per pot each time), and no additional fertilizer was applied. After 6 months of cultivation, various indicators of the European rose seedlings were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1. Performance data of European rose seedlings after 6 months of cultivation using the nutrient soil provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. As shown in Table 1, the nutrient soil prepared in Examples 1-3 for cultivating European roses is significantly superior to the commercially available rose nutrient soil in Comparative Example 1 in terms of root development, flowering quality, and resistance to adverse conditions (compaction, root rot, and diseases). Among them, Example 1 (optimal ratio) has the best overall effect and meets the requirements for high-quality cultivation of European roses. At the same time, the raw material cost of this invention is 36% lower than that of the commercially available rose nutrient soil in Example 1, and the fermentation cycle is shortened by 62%, making it feasible for industrial production.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste, characterized in that, The product comprises the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15-20 parts of decomposed fishery by-products, 10-15 parts of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 10-15 parts of perlite, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 5-8 parts of vermiculite, 3-5 parts of wood ash, 2-3 parts of superphosphate, and 0.5-1 part of sulfur powder.

2. The special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decomposed water bamboo leaves have a cellulose degradation rate of ≥80%, an organic matter content of ≥50%, and a particle size of 1-2 cm; And / or, the protein conversion rate of the composted fishery by-products is ≥90%, the nitrogen content is ≥3.0%, the moisture content is ≤15%, and the particle size is 0.5-1cm; And / or, the phosphorus content of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste is ≥1.5%, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, and the particle size is 1-2 mm.

3. The special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special nutrient soil for European moonflowers based on agricultural and fishery waste has a pH value of 5.5-6.5, a total porosity of 60%-70%, a non-capillary porosity of ≥35%, an organic matter content of ≥35%, a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of ≥4%, and a fertilizer effect period of 8-10 months.

4. A method for preparing special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Remove impurities and crush the water bamboo leaves to obtain pretreated water bamboo leaves; Fish product by-products are cleaned and ground to obtain pre-treated fish product by-products; rice bran oil processing waste is magnetically separated and crushed to obtain pre-treated rice bran processing waste. S2, Targeted composting treatment: S2.1 Preparation of fermented water bamboo leaves: The pretreated water bamboo leaves obtained in step S1 are fermented under the action of a fermentation agent, which is a compound microbial agent formed by Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. When the cellulose degradation rate of the pretreated water bamboo leaves is ≥80%, the fermentation is stopped to obtain the fermented water bamboo leaves product; the fermented water bamboo leaves product is sterilized to obtain fermented water bamboo leaves. S2.2 Preparation of composted fishery by-products: The pretreated fishery by-products obtained in step S1 are fermented under the action of EM bacteria. During the fermentation process, the mixture is stirred in stages: the first stage is stirred once a day to remove ammonia, and the second stage is stirred once every five days to retain nitrogen. When the protein conversion rate of the pretreated fishery by-products is ≥90%, the fermentation process is stopped to obtain the fishery fermentation product. The fishery fermentation product is dried, dehydrated, and pulverized to obtain composted fishery by-products. S2.3 Preparation of decomposed rice bran oil processing waste: The pretreated rice bran oil processing waste obtained in step S1 is fermented under the conditions of 50%-55% moisture content and 50-60 ℃ to degrade alkaline substances in the pretreated processing waste and promote the activation of phosphorus. Fermentation is carried out until the phosphorus content of the rice bran oil fermentation product is ≥1.5% and the pH value is 7.0-7.

5. The decomposed rice bran oil processing waste is obtained by sieving. S3. Mixing and Blending: Weigh out 25-35 parts of the decomposed water chestnut leaves, 15-20 parts of the decomposed fishery by-products, 10-15 parts of the decomposed rice bran oil processing waste, 10-15 parts of perlite, 8-12 parts of coconut coir, 5-8 parts of vermiculite, and 3-5 parts of wood ash according to the mass ratio in step S2, and stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixture; add 2-3 parts of superphosphate and 0.5-1 parts of sulfur powder to the mixture, stir and mix evenly, and test and adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5 and the total porosity to 60%-70% to obtain a special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste.

5. The method for preparing special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The crushing device mentioned in step S1 is a twin-shaft crusher with a rotation speed of 1200-1500 r / min and a particle size of 1-2 cm for the pretreated water chestnut leaves. And / or, the fishery by-products mentioned in step S1 include one or more of fish heads, fish tails and fish viscera; And / or, the grinding device in step S1 is a colloid mill, the gap of the colloid mill is 0.5-1 mm, and the particle size of the pretreated fishery by-products is 2-3 cm; And / or, the magnetic field strength used in the magnetic separation for impurity removal in step S1 is 1200-1500 Gs, and the particle size of the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste is ≤5 cm.

6. The method for preparing special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amount of the composting agent used in step S2.1 is 0.3%-0.5 wt.% of the mass of the pretreated water chestnut leaves. And / or, in step S2.1, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Aspergillus niger in the compound microbial agent is 1:1, and the number of active bacteria is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; And / or, the fermentation process described in step S2.1 is to put the pretreated water chestnut leaves into a fermentation tank, add the composting agent and adjust the moisture content of the pretreated water chestnut leaves to 55%-60%, pile them into a set size, and ferment them at 55-65 ℃ for 25-30 days, turning the pile regularly during the period; And / or, the sterilization temperature in step S2.1 is 100-120 °C and the time is 30-40 min.

7. The method for preparing special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amount of EM agent used in step S2.2 is 0.5%-0.8% of the mass of the pretreated aquatic product by-products, and the number of active bacteria in the EM agent is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; And / or, the fermentation process described in step S2.2 is as follows: the pretreated fish product by-products are put into a sealed fermentation tank, the EM agent is added and the moisture content of the pretreated fish product by-products is adjusted to 60%-65%, nitrogen is introduced to create an anaerobic environment and fermentation is carried out at 60-70 ℃ for 30-35 days, during which the segmented stirring is performed; And / or, the drying and dehydration temperature in step S2.2 is 70-80 ℃, and the dehydration is carried out until the water content of the fermented fish product is ≤15%.

8. The method for preparing special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fermentation process described in step S2.3 involves putting the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste into a fermentation tank, piling it into a pile of a set size, adjusting the moisture content of the pretreated rice bran oil processing waste to 50%-55%, and allowing it to ferment naturally at 50-60℃ for 20-25 days, turning the pile regularly during the process to promote the activation of phosphorus.

9. The method for preparing the special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mixing device mentioned in step S3 is a twin-helix mixer, and the mixing speed of the twin-helix mixer is 300-500 r / min.

10. The method for preparing the special nutrient soil for European roses based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, if the pH value is detected to be too high, sulfur powder is added for adjustment; if the porosity is detected to be insufficient, perlite is added for adjustment.

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