A method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content of compost product in livestock and poultry manure composting process

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and provides a method for reducing greenhouse gas emission in livestock and poultry manure composting process and improving potassium content of compost product, comprising: mixing livestock and poultry manure with carbon-rich material, and adding 2%-5% potassium fulvate composite functional package, adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio of compost material to 22-28, water content to 55%-65%, adding 0.5-1.0 g / kg of composite composting microbial agent according to weight of compost material, fully mixing, and carrying out composting treatment in a conventional composting manner, so as to obtain the product; the potassium fulvate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: potassium fulvate 60-80 parts, natural zeolite powder 5-10 parts, medical stone powder 5-10 parts, and wood ash 1-5 parts. The method can not only improve the requirement of livestock and poultry manure composting, but also obviously control and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4 and NH3 in the composting process, reduce environmental pollution, and at the same time, improve the potassium content in the compost, and better meet the requirement of manure utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the potassium content of compost products during the composting process of livestock and poultry manure. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Climate change is a crisis facing all of humanity, and the main culprit for global warming is the continuous emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from human activities. Agricultural production is the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and livestock farming is a significant contributor to agricultural carbon emissions. A report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations shows that livestock farming generates as much as 7.1 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent annually, accounting for 14.5% of total greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities. Of this 7.1 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, feed production emits approximately 3.3 billion tons, direct livestock farming emits approximately 3.5 billion tons, and another 200 million tons come from farm transportation and processing. From 1961 to 2010, due to increased demand for livestock products, global livestock greenhouse gas emissions increased by 51%, accounting for 50.3% of total agricultural emissions. CH4, a major contributor to greenhouse gases, accounts for 37% of global CH4 emissions annually from livestock farming. N2O and CO2 emissions from livestock farming and manure treatment account for 9% and 65% of global N2O and CO2 emissions, respectively.

[0004] While large-scale livestock and poultry production satisfies and enriches people's demand for animal products, it also leads to the concentrated generation of large amounts of manure. If not treated promptly and effectively, this will put enormous pressure on the environment. Currently, the main method for treating livestock and poultry manure is composting. However, livestock and poultry manure has a high organic content, containing large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements. During the treatment process, the action of microorganisms generates a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions. During composting, the loss of total nitrogen and total carbon is unavoidable due to microbial activity. The types and amounts of greenhouse gases produced vary considerably depending on the composting substrate and parameters. Studies show that the initial loss of total nitrogen during composting is approximately 16-74%, increasing to approximately 46.8-77.4% with prolonged composting time. The lost nitrogen may be emitted into the atmosphere as NH3, while most of the carbon loss is emitted into the atmosphere as CH4 and CO2. Therefore, controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions during composting is an inherent requirement for promoting the high-quality development of the livestock industry.

[0005] In addition, returning treated livestock and poultry manure to the fields is a major way to utilize manure resources. However, while livestock and poultry manure is high in nitrogen and phosphorus, which can meet the needs of crop growth within a certain range, it is relatively low in potassium. Therefore, depending on the crop being planted, it is necessary to supplement potassium fertilizer to better meet the needs of crop production and ensure production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the potassium content of compost products during the composting process of livestock and poultry manure. By adding a potassium humate composite functional package, the method effectively controls greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2, CH4, and NH3 during composting while increasing the potassium content in the compost. Potassium humate has high acid-base buffering capacity, which regulates the pH of the compost during the composting process, thereby controlling the activity and quantity of microorganisms, inhibiting urease activity, reducing nitrogen loss in gaseous form, fixing nitrogen, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Zeolite powder and maifanite are both natural materials with porous structures. Through the "molecular sieve" effect, they can effectively adsorb gases and ions in the composting process of livestock and poultry manure, further enhancing the effect of greenhouse gas emission reduction. Wood ash is the residue after plant combustion. It is lightweight and rich in potassium. Adding a small amount of the above materials to the composite package can improve the porosity of the material to a certain extent, meet the needs of composting, comprehensively improve the buffering and alkalinity regulation capacity of potassium humate in the composting process, comprehensively reduce the emission of related greenhouse gases, and increase the potassium content. The efficiency is better than that of potassium humate alone.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the potassium content of compost products during the composting process of livestock and poultry manure, comprising:

[0009] Mix livestock and poultry manure with carbon-containing materials, add 2%-5% potassium humate compound functional package, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost material to 22-28, and the moisture content to 55%-65%. Add 0.5-1.0g / kg of compound composting microbial agent according to the weight of the compost material, mix thoroughly, and compost according to conventional composting methods to obtain the final product.

[0010] The potassium humate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts potassium humate, 5-10 parts natural zeolite powder, 5-10 parts maifanite powder, and 1-5 parts wood ash.

[0011] In some embodiments, the compound composting microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts yeast, 10-20 parts Bacillus subtilis, 15-30 parts Bacillus licheniformis, and 10-25 parts actinomycetes.

[0012] In some embodiments, the potassium fulvate contains >50% humic acid.

[0013] In some embodiments, the particle size of the natural zeolite powder is 10-20 mesh.

[0014] In some embodiments, the maifanite powder is 50-100 mesh.

[0015] In some embodiments, the number of live bacteria in the yeast is 50 to 80 billion CFU / g.

[0016] In some embodiments, the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is 100 to 300 billion CFU / g.

[0017] In some embodiments, the viable count of the Bacillus licheniformis is 50 to 100 billion CFU / g.

[0018] In some embodiments, the viable count of the actinomycetes is 50 to 180 billion CFU / g.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention also provides the application of a potassium humate composite functional package in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the potassium content of compost products during the composting process of livestock and poultry manure. The potassium humate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts potassium humate, 5-10 parts natural zeolite powder, 5-10 parts maifanite powder, and 1-5 parts wood ash.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0021] (1) This invention provides a method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during the composting process of livestock and poultry manure. This method can improve the requirements for the composting of livestock and poultry manure, and can significantly control and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and NH3 during the composting process, thereby reducing environmental pollution. At the same time, it can increase the potassium content in compost products, thereby better meeting the requirements for manure to be returned to the field.

[0022] (2) Potassium humate has a high acid-base buffering capacity. During the composting process, it can regulate the pH of the compost material, thereby controlling the activity and quantity of microorganisms, inhibiting urease activity, reducing nitrogen loss in gaseous form, fixing nitrogen and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Zeolite powder and maifanite are both natural materials with porous structures. Through the "molecular sieve" effect, they can effectively adsorb gases and ions in the composting process of livestock and poultry manure, further enhancing the greenhouse gas emission reduction effect. Wood ash is the residue after plant combustion. It is lightweight and rich in potassium. Adding a small amount of the above materials to the composite package can improve the porosity of the material to a certain extent, meet the needs of composting, comprehensively improve the buffering and regulating capacity of potassium humate on the acidity and alkalinity of the material during the composting process, comprehensively reduce the emission of related greenhouse gases, and increase the potassium content. The efficiency is better than that of potassium humate alone.

[0023] (3) The preparation method of the present invention is simple, practical and easy to promote. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. Exemplary embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0025] Figure 1 The impact of BSFA treatment on carbon dioxide emissions during composting;

[0026] Figure 2 The impact of BSFA treatment on methane emissions during composting;

[0027] Figure 3 The impact of BSFA treatment on ammonia emissions during composting;

[0028] Figure 4 The impact of BSFA treatment on nitrous oxide emissions during composting;

[0029] Figure 5 The effect of BSFA treatment on nitrate nitrogen content during composting;

[0030] Figure 6 The effect of BSFA treatment on available potassium content during composting. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments are explanations of the present invention and not limitations thereof.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The potassium humate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts potassium humate (humic acid content >50%), 8 parts natural zeolite powder (10-20 mesh), 8 parts maifanite powder (50-100 mesh), and 3 parts wood ash.

[0035] The compound composting microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts yeast (live count: 6.5 billion CFU / g), 15 parts Bacillus subtilis (live count: 20 billion CFU / g), 22 parts Bacillus licheniformis (live count: 7.5 billion CFU / g), and 27 parts actinomycetes (live count: 10.5 billion CFU / g).

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The potassium humate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts potassium humate (humic acid content >50%), 5 parts natural zeolite powder (10-20 mesh), 5 parts maifanite powder (50-100 mesh), and 1 part wood ash.

[0038] The compound composting microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts yeast (live count: 5 billion CFU / g), 20 parts Bacillus subtilis (live count: 10 billion CFU / g), 30 parts Bacillus licheniformis (live count: 5 billion CFU / g), and 25 parts actinomycetes (live count: 5 billion CFU / g).

[0039] Example 3

[0040] The potassium humate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts potassium humate (humic acid content >50%), 10 parts natural zeolite powder (10-20 mesh), 10 parts maifanite powder (50-100 mesh), and 5 parts wood ash.

[0041] The compound composting microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts yeast (live count: 8 billion CFU / g), 10 parts Bacillus subtilis (live count: 30 billion CFU / g), 15 parts Bacillus licheniformis (live count: 10 billion CFU / g), and 10 parts actinomycetes (live count: 18 billion CFU / g).

[0042] Example 4

[0043] Composting experiments were conducted using duck manure and rice husks as composting materials. The experiment consisted of three treatment groups: a control group (CON) and two treatment groups (2% BSFA and 4% BSFA) using a 2% or 4% potassium humate composite functional package (Example 1). Duck manure and rice husks were mixed in a specific ratio, and 0.6 g / kg of the composite composting agent (Example 1) was added based on the weight of the compost material. The mixture was thoroughly mixed, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was adjusted to 26, with an initial moisture content of 65%. For the two BSFA treatment groups, 2% and 4% of the potassium humate composite functional package were added based on the weight of the compost material, respectively, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed. The compost material from each treatment group was then filled into a composting device, with three replicates per group. During the experiment, intermittent ventilation was used, with ventilation for 30 minutes per hour. The ventilation parameters were 10 L / min for days 1-2, 5 L / min for days 3-4, and 3 L / min from day 5 until the end of composting, for a total experiment period of 42 days.

[0044] Gas collection bags were used to collect gas generated from the compost pile every day during the early stage (1–7 days), every 3 days during the middle stage (8–28 days), and every 7 days during the late stage (29–42 days). Samples were collected from the compost pile on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Samples were taken evenly from five regions within each pile, mixed thoroughly, and duplicated for each sample. The samples were stored at -20℃, dried at 60℃ before analysis to prepare air-dried samples for testing available potassium (AK) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3). - The determination of (-N), etc.

[0045] The experimental results showed that CO2 emissions mainly occurred in the week prior to composting. The highest CO2 emissions were observed on day 1 of composting in the CON and 4% BSFA treatment groups, at 47.95 g and 19.18 g respectively. The highest daily CO2 emission was observed in the 2% BSFA treatment group on day 2, at 4.75 g. The total CO2 emissions were: Con > 4% BSFA > 2% BSFA, at 107.45 g, 30.54 g, and 43.85 g respectively. The emission reductions in the 2% BSFA and 4% BSFA treatment groups reached 71.55% and 59.19% respectively. Figure 1 ).

[0046] The CON group had a high CH4 emission level of 5.28 g / d on day 1 of composting, which gradually decreased until day 19 when it reached a peak of 7.010 g / d, followed by a gradual decline. The 4% BSFA treatment group experienced multiple peak emissions throughout the composting process, at 6.86, 6.36, and 2.88 g / d. The 2% BSFA treatment group had a peak daily emission of 6.46 g / d on day 19, followed by a rapid decline. In terms of total emissions, the BSFA treatment group had lower emissions than the CON group. The total CH4 emissions for the three groups were 44.17, 32.94, and 40.84 g, respectively, with emission reductions of 25.42% and 7.53% for the 2% and 4% BSFA treatment groups, respectively. Figure 2 ).

[0047] NH3 emissions are mainly concentrated in the early stages of composting, with lower emissions in the later stages. In the CON group, emissions peaked on days 2, 4, and 7, with the highest peak on day 4 at 806.96 mg, followed by a rapid decline after day 7. NH3 emissions in the 2% BSFA and 4% BSFA treatment groups showed an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease, reaching their highest emissions on days 3 and 7, at 354.35 and 374.47 mg, respectively. The cumulative NH3 emissions for the three groups reached 2326.73, 1382.75, and 1857.50 mg, respectively. Compared to the CON group, the emission reductions for the 2% BSFA and 4% BSFA treatments were 40.57% and 20.17%, respectively. Figure 3 ).

[0048] The highest N2O emissions were observed in the CON group on day 1 of composting, reaching 4.88 g / d. The highest N2O emissions were observed in the 2% BSFA and 4% BSFA treatment groups on day 6, at 1.58 and 3.19 g / d, respectively. During the experiment, the total N2O emissions for the three groups were 21.30, 20.34, and 21.64 g, respectively, with the BSFA treatment having no significant effect. Figure 4 ).

[0049] The results of nitrate nitrogen determination showed that NO3 levels in each group were significantly lower after composting. - -N content 4% BSFA > CON > 2% BSFA, with highly significant differences between each pair (P < 0.01). Compared with the initial values, the NO3 content in the CON, 2% BSFA and 4% BSFA treatment groups was significantly higher. - -N content increased by 10.7, 7.1, and 14.0 times, respectively. Figure 5 ).

[0050] The available potassium content in all experimental groups showed an overall upward trend. After composting, the AK content in the CON group, the 2% BSFA treatment group, and the 4% BSFA treatment group increased to 113.0%, 102.2%, and 120.0%, respectively. The AK content in the BSFA treatment group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (P<0.05). Figure 6 ).

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting, characterized in that, include: Mix livestock and poultry manure with carbon-rich materials, add 2%-5% potassium humate compound functional packet, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost material to 22-28, and the moisture content to 55%-65%. Add 0.5-1.0g / kg of compound composting microbial agent according to the weight of the compost material, mix thoroughly, and compost according to conventional composting methods to obtain the final product. The potassium humate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts potassium humate, 5-10 parts natural zeolite powder, 5-10 parts maifanite powder, and 1-5 parts wood ash. The potassium fulvicate contains >50% humic acid. The compound composting microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts yeast, 10-20 parts Bacillus subtilis, 15-30 parts Bacillus licheniformis, and 10-25 parts actinomycetes. The method reduces the emissions of CO2, CH4, and NH3 during the composting of livestock and poultry manure.

2. The method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the natural zeolite powder is 10-20 mesh.

3. The method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The maifanite powder is 50-100 mesh.

4. The method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of live bacteria in the yeast is 50-80 billion CFU / g.

5. The method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is 100-300 billion CFU / g.

6. The method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The viable count of the Bacillus licheniformis is 50-100 billion CFU / g.

7. The method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The viable count of the actinomycetes is 50-180 billion CFU / g.

8. The application of potassium humate composite functional package in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing potassium content in compost products during livestock and poultry manure composting, characterized in that... Mix livestock and poultry manure with carbon-rich materials, add 2%-5% potassium humate compound functional package, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost material to 22-28, and the moisture content to 55%-65%. Add 0.5-1.0g / kg of compound composting microbial agent according to the weight of the compost material, mix thoroughly, and compost according to conventional composting methods. The potassium humate composite functional package is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts potassium humate, 5-10 parts natural zeolite powder, 5-10 parts maifanite powder, and 1-5 parts wood ash; the humic acid content in the potassium humate is >50%; the composite composting microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts yeast, 10-20 parts Bacillus subtilis, 15-30 parts Bacillus licheniformis, and 10-25 parts actinomycetes. The application reduces the emissions of CO2, CH4, and NH3 during the composting of livestock and poultry manure.

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