Anti-reflection dustproof coating for photovoltaic glass, coating liquid and preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic glass coatings, in particular to an antireflection dustproof coating for photovoltaic glass, coating liquid and a preparation method of the antireflection dustproof coating for the photovoltaic glass. A silicon source is subjected to hydrolytic condensation on the surfaces of polymer particles through a sol-gel method to form core-shell structure particles with a polymer as a core and silicon dioxide as a shell, finally, the core-shell particle dispersion and an acidic silicon dioxide sol adhesive are mixed according to a specific proportion, and the coating liquid for forming a coating is obtained through dilution. The surface of pretreated photovoltaic glass is coated with the coating liquid, after preheating and high-temperature tempering calcination, an antireflection dustproof coating can be formed on the photovoltaic glass, the microstructure of the coating is accurately regulated and controlled through a template method, the high light transmittance and the super-hydrophilic self-cleaning function are achieved, and the anti-reflection dustproof coating can be formed on the photovoltaic glass. And meanwhile, the coating has the characteristics of high hardness, good adhesive force, excellent durability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic glass coating technology, and in particular to an anti-reflective and dustproof coating for photovoltaic glass, a coating liquid, and a preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing global demand for renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean energy technology, has seen its application scale continue to expand. As a key encapsulation material for photovoltaic modules, the light transmittance of photovoltaic glass directly affects the power generation efficiency of the modules. However, there is a light reflection loss of about 4% on the surface of photovoltaic glass. At the same time, when operating in complex outdoor environments, the deposition of pollutants such as dust and pollen on the glass surface will further lead to a significant decrease in light transmittance, causing a serious "power generation degradation" problem. Therefore, developing a high-performance coating that can simultaneously improve light transmittance and has self-cleaning and dustproof functions has become one of the key technical directions for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power plants throughout their entire life cycle.

[0003] Currently, numerous technologies have been explored for antireflection and dustproofing treatments of photovoltaic glass. For example, acid etching can be used to construct microstructures on the glass surface to improve light transmittance. However, this method is highly polluting, difficult to control precisely, and weakens the glass strength. While applying a single antireflection coating can effectively reduce reflection, it usually lacks dustproofing capabilities and may even attract pollutants due to its porous nature. Some hydrophobic dustproof coatings, on the other hand, have excessively large contact angles with water, making them difficult to be effectively washed away by rainwater and potentially attracting dust due to electrostatic effects. A more prominent problem is the inherent contradiction between the requirements of antireflection and dustproofing on the microstructure of the coating: ideal antireflection requires a uniform nanoscale porous structure to form a refractive index gradient, while excellent dustproofing often requires richer surface energy and pores to achieve rapid water spread and penetration. Existing technologies struggle to synergistically optimize these two structures in a single coating, resulting in either limited functionality or mutually restrictive performance, thus limiting its practical application.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative coating material and preparation method that can break down the barrier between anti-reflection and dustproof functions by starting with microstructure design. The ideal technical solution should be able to construct a composite coating with a regular structure and stable performance on the glass surface, so that it has both extremely low reflectivity to maximize light energy utilization and long-lasting self-cleaning ability to maintain high light transmittance for a long time, thereby providing a reliable guarantee for the efficient and stable operation of photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides an anti-reflective and dustproof coating for photovoltaic glass, a coating solution, and a preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention first provides a method for preparing the coating liquid for the anti-reflective and dust-proof coating of photovoltaic glass, comprising the following steps: S1. Provide a cationic / nonionic polymer dispersion as a template; S2. Using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silicon source, a SiO2 shell layer is formed on the particle surface of the cationic / nonionic polymer dispersion obtained in S1 by acid-catalyzed sol-gel method to prepare a polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion. S3. The polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion is mixed with acidic SiO2 sol binder and diluted with solvent to adjust the solid content to obtain a coating solution.

[0007] Further, in S1, the cationic / nonionic polymer dispersion is an aqueous polyurethane dispersion or an epoxy resin aqueous dispersion, the solid content of the polymer dispersion is 20%-30%, and the average particle size is 30-100 nm.

[0008] Furthermore, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is prepared from isophorone diisocyanate, poly(1,4-butanediol adipate), N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the epoxy resin aqueous dispersion is prepared from epoxy resin E20, diethylamine, and polyetheramine M2070.

[0009] Furthermore, in S2, the reaction conditions of the acid-catalyzed sol-gel method include: a pH value of 3.5-5.0 for the reaction system, a reaction time of 4-10 h, and a mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to the polymer template solid mass of 0.6-2.4.

[0010] Further, in S2, the process specifically includes: diluting the polymer dispersion to a solid content of 1%-3%, adjusting the pH to the pH value of the reaction system with acetic acid, slowly adding tetraethyl orthosilicate under stirring conditions, and after the reaction is completed at room temperature, adjusting the pH of the system to 1.5-3.0 with concentrated nitric acid to terminate the reaction and stabilize the dispersion, thereby obtaining a polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion with a solid content of 3%-5%.

[0011] Further, in S3, the acidic SiO2 sol binder is prepared by mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate, isopropanol, deionized water and glacial acetic acid in a mass ratio of 1:(10-12):(8-10):(0.3-0.4), stirring at room temperature for 20-28 hours, diluting with isopropanol to a solid content of 3.0%-4.5%, and adjusting the pH to 1.5-2.5 with concentrated nitric acid.

[0012] Furthermore, in S3, when the polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion is mixed with the acidic SiO2 sol binder, the ratio of the total mass of SiO2 in the mixture to the mass of the polymer template is controlled to be 1.2-2.5, the solvent is isopropanol or ethanol, and the final solid content of the coating solution is adjusted to 2.0%-4.0%.

[0013] This invention also provides a method for preparing the anti-reflective and dust-proof coating for photovoltaic glass, comprising the step of coating the photovoltaic glass with a coating solution obtained by the above preparation method, wherein the step includes: A. Pre-treatment of photovoltaic glass substrate by cutting, edge grinding and cleaning; B. Apply the coating solution to the pretreated photovoltaic glass surface using a roller coating method or a dip coating method to form a wet film; C. The photovoltaic glass coated with wet film is preheated and cured at 80-120℃ for 3-8 minutes, and then placed in a tempering furnace at 600-750℃ for 1-10 minutes to form a porous anti-reflective and dustproof coating on the surface of the photovoltaic glass.

[0014] Further, in step B, the process parameters of the roller coating method are as follows: the linear speed of the rubber roller is controlled at 8-22 m / min, the linear speed of the steel roller is controlled at 5-18 m / min, the glass traveling speed is controlled at 7-20 m / min, and the wet film thickness is controlled within the range of 180-220 nm by adjusting the speed ratio between the rubber roller and the glass to 1.1-1.5 and the speed ratio between the steel roller and the rubber roller to 0.7-1.2. The lifting speed of the lifting method is 60-100 mm / min.

[0015] The present invention also provides an anti-reflective and dustproof coating for photovoltaic glass. The coating is prepared by the above method. The coating has a thickness of 100-150 nm, a pencil hardness of ≥3H, a static contact angle with water of <10°, an effective solar transmittance of 380-1100 nm of ≥94.0%, and a transmittance of ≥97.5% at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. In this invention, a three-dimensional nanoporous network with controllable pore size and distribution is constructed at the microscopic level through the core-shell structure design of polymer template-silica shell layer. This structure follows the principle of gradual refractive index change, which can greatly suppress Fresnel reflection of light at the air-coating-glass interface, thereby significantly improving light transmittance. At the same time, the strong capillary effect generated by the nanopores allows water molecules to spread and penetrate instantly, forming a superhydrophilic surface, giving the coating excellent self-cleaning and dustproof capabilities. This design from the structural root allows the anti-reflection performance and dustproof performance, which are mutually restrictive in the traditional sense, to be optimized simultaneously in the coating of this invention.

[0017] 2. In this invention, an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method is used to directionally condense and deposit a silicon source precursor on the surface of a polymer template, forming regular core-shell particles with a decomposable core and a rigid SiO2 shell. Subsequently, the introduced acidic SiO2 sol binder not only acts as a mortar to strengthen the bond between the core-shell particles, but also forms a strong silicon-oxygen bond network with the particle shell and glass substrate through high-temperature calcination. This step-by-step orderly construction from nanoparticles to macroscopic coatings ensures that the coating has excellent continuity, adhesion and mechanical strength, thereby guaranteeing its long-term durability.

[0018] 3. In this invention, within a reasonable range of key parameter settings, the prepared coating solutions all exhibit good storage stability and coating applicability, and the performance of the resulting coatings can reach or approach ideal indicators. They have a high tolerance for unavoidable fluctuations during the production process, reducing the difficulty of process control and providing a solid guarantee for large-scale industrial production.

[0019] 4. In this invention, compared to methods that rely on complex chemical modification or simple physical blending, this invention successfully applies the template method from materials science to the field of functional coatings. It uses a sacrificial template to define the microstructure of the final coating, thereby precisely controlling its optical and surface properties. The coating structure of this invention is regular and the performance is stable. As shown in the application examples section of the specification, after undergoing a series of accelerated aging tests (such as resistance to damp heat, resistance to damp freezing, and resistance to thermal cycling), the transmittance of its industrial products is ≤0.70%, and the film layer is intact, which fully verifies its excellent long-term environmental durability and industrial practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the appearance of the coated glass sample in an application example of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the effective transmittance spectrum of sunlight for the coated glass sample in the application example of this invention; Figure 3 This is a surface state diagram of a coated glass sample after a pencil hardness test in an application example of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in this invention are all from commercially available conventional products.

[0023] Example 1: S1: Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was used as the hard segment, poly(1,4-butanediol adipate) (PBA, molecular weight 1000) as the soft segment, N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine as the hydrophilic chain extender, and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG, molecular weight 550) as the hydrophilic modifier.

[0024] Isophorone diisocyanate, poly(1,4-butanediol adipate) and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether were reacted at 80°C for 2 hours in a molar ratio of 3:1:1. N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (molar ratio 0.5) was added and the reaction continued for 1 hour. Finally, water was added for dispersion to obtain an aqueous polyurethane dispersion with a solid content of 25% and an average particle size of 50 nm, which was used as a polymer template.

[0025] S2: Take 100g of the above polymer dispersion, dilute with deionized water to a solid content of 2% (total mass 1250g), adjust the pH to 4.0 with glacial acetic acid (monitored with a pH meter), and slowly add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise under magnetic stirring (300rpm). The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to the solid mass of the polymer template is 1.5 (i.e., add 37.5g of tetraethyl orthosilicate). The dropwise addition time is 1h. After reacting at room temperature for 6h, adjust the pH to 2.0 with concentrated nitric acid (65%) and continue stirring for 30min to obtain a core-shell particle dispersion with a solid content of about 4%.

[0026] S3: Tetraethyl orthosilicate, isopropanol, deionized water, and glacial acetic acid are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:11:9:0.35 (10g tetraethyl orthosilicate, 110g isopropanol, 90g water, 3.5g glacial acetic acid). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a silica sol. The silica sol is diluted with isopropanol to a solid content of 3.5%, and the pH is adjusted to 2.0 with concentrated nitric acid. Then, the core-shell particle dispersion obtained in S2 is mixed with an acidic SiO2 sol binder. The ratio of the total mass of SiO2 to the polymer template in the mixture is controlled to be 1.8. The mass of SiO2 generated in step S2 is approximately 1.08g. Approximately 43.92g of SiO2 needs to be introduced by adding the acidic SiO2 sol binder to meet the total ratio requirement. The mixture is diluted with isopropanol to a final solid content of 3.0%, and ultrasonically treated for 10 minutes to ensure uniformity, thus obtaining the coating solution.

[0027] Coating application testing The substrate is photovoltaic glass (soda-lime glass, 100mm×100mm×3.2mm), which is cut, edged, ultrasonically cleaned with alkaline cleaning solution and deionized water, and then dried. It is coated by roller coating: the linear speed of the rubber roller is controlled at 10m / min, the linear speed of the steel roller is controlled at 15m / min, and the glass traveling speed is controlled at 2.0m / min. The wet film thickness is controlled to be about 200nm by adjusting the speed ratio. The curing process is as follows: first, preheat curing at 100℃ for 5min, and then tempering and calcining at 650℃ for 5min. Finally, the anti-reflective and dustproof coating is formed on the surface of the photovoltaic glass.

[0028] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the polymer dispersion in S1 is replaced with an epoxy resin aqueous dispersion, which is prepared by epoxy resin E20, diethylamine and polyetheramine M2070. The other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0029] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate to polymer template in S2 is changed to 0.8 (lower than the standard range of 1.5-2.0), and the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0030] Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that the reaction pH in S2 is changed to 5.0 (the upper limit value), while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0031] Example 5: The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of the total mass of SiO2 to the mass of the polymer template in S3 is changed to 2.4 (upper limit value), and the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0032] Application examples To demonstrate the industrial application potential of the method described in this invention, a system performance test was conducted on the anti-reflective and dustproof coating product (specification: 2.0mm) for photovoltaic glass prepared according to the method of this invention. The key test data are as follows: 1. Optical performance The effective transmittance of the coated glass samples in the 380nm to 1100nm wavelength range was tested, and the results were all no less than 94.0% (e.g., 94.04%, 94.02%), indicating that the coating has excellent and uniform broadband antireflection effect.

[0033] 2. Environmental durability The coating exhibited excellent stability after undergoing a series of accelerated aging tests. Moisture and heat resistance: After being tested at 85℃ and 85% relative humidity for 1000 hours, the average light transmittance decreases by ≤0.70%, and the film layer shows no mold growth.

[0034] Resistance to wet freezing: After temperature cycling (10 times) from -40℃ to 85℃, the average light transmittance decreases by ≤0.48%, and the film layer does not peel off, flake, or wrinkle.

[0035] Thermal cycling performance: After 200 temperature cycles from -40℃ to 85℃, the average light transmittance decreases by ≤0.22%, and the film structure remains intact.

[0036] Ammonia resistance: After 480 hours of testing under specific ammonia concentration and temperature and humidity cycling conditions, the average light transmittance decreases by ≤0.36%.

[0037] Other durability: Resistance to ultraviolet radiation (total irradiance 15 kWh·m²) -2 After rigorous tests such as resistance to neutral salt spray (96 hours) and sand and dust, the light transmittance decreases by ≤0.30%, and the film layer remains unchanged.

[0038] 3. Mechanical properties The coated pencil has a hardness of 3H and an adhesion test result of the highest level 0 (the cut edge is completely smooth and no part falls off), proving that the coating is firmly bonded to the glass substrate.

[0039] 4. Other performance characteristics After testing the coating's abrasion resistance (400 washing cycles) and washability, the average attenuation of light transmittance was ≤0.14% and ≤0.24%, respectively, with no change in the film layer, meeting the requirements for long-term use.

[0040] The test data based on the industrial production samples above show that the anti-reflective and dustproof coating obtained by the coating liquid and preparation method provided by the present invention not only exhibits excellent performance in core optical properties, but also demonstrates outstanding stability in long-term environmental durability and mechanical properties, fully verifying the industrial practical value and reliability of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that: no polymer template is used in S1, and only pure water is used instead of polymer dispersion to directly carry out the sol-gel reaction of S2, while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0042] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the reaction pH in S2 is changed to 7.0 (neutral conditions, not acid catalysis), while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that no acidic SiO2 sol binder is added in S3, and only a core-shell particle dispersion is used for coating, while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0044] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the curing temperature in the application step is changed to 500℃ (lower than the standard 650℃), while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the reaction time in S2 is changed to 1 hour (too short, not enough to fully react), while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Performance testing methods and results: Testing environment: All coating samples were tested under standard laboratory conditions (temperature 25±2℃, humidity 50±10%). Test metrics and methods: Each sample was tested three times, and the average value was taken. Specific test methods are as follows: Coating thickness: The thickness was measured using an elliptic polarization spectrometer (model: JA Woollam M-2000D). Before testing, the same batch of coatings was prepared on a clean silicon wafer as a standard sample for instrument calibration. Five different points were randomly selected on the surface of each sample for measurement. The results were taken as the arithmetic mean and the unit was expressed in nanometers (nm). Transmittance: Tested using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Model: PerkinElmer Lambda 950). The test wavelength was 550 nm. Using uncoated photovoltaic glass of the same type as a reference, the optical transmittance of the coated glass was calculated, and the results are expressed as a percentage (%). Pencil hardness: The test was conducted according to the national standard GB / T 6739-2022 "Determination of Hardness of Paint and Varnish Film by Pencil Method". Zhonghua brand high-grade drawing pencils were used. Starting from the hardest grade, the pencils were applied to the coating surface with a load of 750g, an angle of 45°, and a speed of about 1mm / s. The highest pencil hardness grade that did not scratch the coating was the test result.

[0047] Static water contact angle: The contact angle was measured using a contact angle measuring instrument (model: DataPhysics OCA 20) droplet method. A 2 μL drop of ultrapure water was added to the sample surface using a micro-syringe. Within 5 seconds after the droplet stabilized, its profile was analyzed and the static contact angle was calculated using the instrument software. The result is expressed in degrees (°). Evaluation criteria: Ideal performance is a thickness of 100-150nm, light transmittance ≥97.5%, pencil hardness ≥3H, and contact angle <10°; The coating performance comparison results are shown in Table 1, which compares the coating performance of the examples and the comparative examples. The physical property comparison results of the coating solutions are shown in Table 2, which compares the physical properties of the coating solutions of the examples and the comparative examples. Table 1. Comparison of coating performance between examples and comparative examples ; Table 2. Comparison of physical properties of coating solutions in the examples and comparative examples. ; As shown in Table 1, through the verification of Examples 1-5, the coating solution of the present invention can achieve excellent coating performance under standard conditions. The light transmittance of all examples reaches 96.5% or more (among which Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5 are close to or better than the ideal value of 97.5%), the pencil hardness is ≥2H, and the contact angle is <15°. This fully demonstrates the reliability of the standard formula and its parameter range adjustments. Its mechanism of action is as follows: the coating solution is based on a polymer-SiO2 core-shell structure. In step S2, the acid-catalyzed sol-gel method causes SiO2 to form a shell on the surface of polymer particles, forming a template. In step S3, the acidic SiO2 sol acts as a binder to fix the core-shell particles, coating... After coating, preheating and tempering calcination remove organic matter, forming a porous SiO2 coating. The porous structure reduces the refractive index, achieving anti-reflection (increasing light transmittance), and the nanopores enhance capillary action, resulting in a contact angle of <10° (superhydrophilic and dustproof). However, the performance of Comparative Examples 1-5 decreased significantly. For example, Comparative Example 1 (without polymer template) had a light transmittance of only 94.0% and a contact angle of 60°, indicating that the lack of a template prevented the formation of a core-shell structure. Comparative Example 2 (neutral pH) had a light transmittance of 95.2% and a contact angle of 50°, indicating that insufficient acid catalysis led to coating defects. Other comparative examples also deteriorated in performance due to deviations in key parameters, which, from the opposite perspective, confirms the necessity of core-shell structure and process parameters.

[0048] As shown in Table 2, the coating solutions of Examples 1-5 have excellent physical properties. The viscosity is maintained in the range of 780-900 mPa·s, the stability remains stable at 25℃ for 24 hours, and the pH value is controlled at around 2.0. This ensures the uniformity and processability of the coating solution before coating. The mechanism is that a stable nanocomposite micelle system is formed through a precise emulsification process (such as high-speed shearing). The moderate viscosity is conducive to the flowability during roller coating, while the acidic environment (pH≈2.0) maintains the stability of the sol-gel reaction. Comparative Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5 show unstable phenomena (such as precipitation or stratification) and abnormal viscosity (600-700 mPa·s), indicating that the absence of components or process deviation (such as no template in Comparative Example 1 and short-term emulsification in Comparative Example 4) has destroyed the micelle structure, resulting in poor dispersibility and thus affecting the coating performance.

[0049] In summary, the superior performance of the coating solution of this invention stems from the organic combination of specific formulation and process. The coating performance data in Table 1 and the physical property data in Table 2 corroborate each other, indicating that the core-shell structure, acid catalysis conditions, and emulsion stability are key. Any deviation from these parameters will disrupt the system balance and lead to a decline in performance. Therefore, strictly adhering to the component ratios and preparation conditions provided by this invention is the foundation for ensuring the effectiveness.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the terms "preparation example," "example," "various examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that example or preparation example, which are included in at least one example or preparation example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same example or preparation example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples or preparation examples.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a coating solution for an antireflection and dustproof coating of photovoltaic glass, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, providing a cationic / nonionic polymer dispersion as a template; S2, forming a SiO2 shell on the surface of the particles of the cationic / nonionic polymer dispersion obtained in S1 by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silicon source, to obtain a polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion; S3, mixing the polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion with an acidic SiO2 sol binder, and diluting with a solvent to adjust the solid content, to obtain an anti-reflective and dust-proof coating solution.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, In S1, the cationic / nonionic polymer dispersion is a water-based polyurethane dispersion or an aqueous epoxy resin dispersion, the solid content of the polymer dispersion is 20%-30%, and the average particle size is 30-100 nm.

3. The production method according to claim 2, characterized by, The water-based polyurethane dispersion is prepared from isophorone diisocyanate, poly(1,4-butanediol adipate), N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the aqueous epoxy resin dispersion is prepared from an epoxy resin E20, diethylamine, and a polyetheramine M2070 dispersion.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, In S2, the reaction conditions of the acid-catalyzed sol-gel method include that the pH value of the reaction system is 3.5-5.0, the reaction time is 4-10 h, and the mass ratio of the tetraethyl orthosilicate to the solid mass of the polymer template is 0.6-2.

4.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S2, specifically including: diluting the polymer dispersion to a solid content of 1%-3%, adjusting the pH to the pH value of the reaction system with acetic acid, slowly adding tetraethyl orthosilicate under stirring, and after the reaction is completed at room temperature, adjusting the pH of the system to 1.5-3.0 with concentrated nitric acid to obtain a polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion with a solid content of 3%-5%.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, In S3, the acidic SiO2 sol binder is prepared by mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate, isopropyl alcohol, deionized water, and glacial acetic acid at a mass ratio of 1:(10-12):(8-10):(0.3-0.4), stirring at room temperature for 20-28 h, diluting with isopropyl alcohol to a solid content of 3.0%-4.5%, and adjusting the pH to 1.5-2.5 with concentrated nitric acid.

7. The production method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized by, In S3, when the polymer-SiO2 core-shell particle dispersion is mixed with the acidic SiO2 sol binder, the ratio of the total mass of SiO2 to the mass of the polymer template in the mixture is controlled to be 1.2-2.5, the solvent is isopropyl alcohol or ethanol, and the final solid content of the coating solution is adjusted to 2.0%-4.0%.

8. A method for the production of an antireflective dirt-repellent coating for photovoltaic glass, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: A. cutting, edge grinding, and cleaning pretreatment of the photovoltaic glass substrate; B. coating the coating solution on the surface of the pretreated photovoltaic glass by roll coating or pulling method to form a wet film; C. preheating and curing the wet film-coated photovoltaic glass at 80-120℃ for 3-8 min, and then calcining in a steeling furnace at 600-750℃ for 1-10 min to form a porous anti-reflective and dust-proof coating layer on the surface of the photovoltaic glass.

9. The production method according to claim 8, characterized by, In step B, the process parameters of the roll coating method are as follows: the line speed of the rubber roller is controlled at 8-22 m / min, the line speed of the steel roller is controlled at 5-18 m / min, the glass running speed is controlled at 7-20 m / min, the speed ratio between the rubber roller and the glass is adjusted to 1.1-1.5, the speed ratio between the steel roller and the rubber roller is adjusted to 0.7-1.2, and the wet film thickness is controlled in the range of 180-220 nm, and the pulling speed of the pulling method is 60-100 mm / min.

10. An antireflective and dirt-repellent coating for photovoltaic glass, characterized in that, The coating is prepared by the preparation method of claim 8 or 9, the thickness of the coating is 100-150 nm, the pencil hardness is ≥ 3H, the static contact angle with water is < 10°, the effective solar transmittance in the range of 380-1100 nm is ≥ 94.0%, and the light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is ≥ 97.5%.

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