Mangrove forest big tree transplanting method for dredging disturbance area

Abstract

The invention discloses a mangrove forest big tree transplanting method for a dredging disturbance area, which comprises the following steps: trimming a selected big tree crown, smearing a wound healing agent, digging a soil ball by taking a trunk base as a center, placing the soil ball of the big tree into a root system container, filling and compacting with a nutrient medium, implanting microcapsules into the trunk, and transplanting the big tree into the root system container. Carrying out tolerance culture on the big tree in two stages, putting a root system container in which the big tree is planted into a planting pit of the dredging area, additionally arranging a temporary hollow triangular pyramid or net cage at the periphery of the big tree, and regularly checking the integrity of the root system container, the growth condition of the root system and the physiological state of the big tree. According to the transplanting method, a revolutionary forest nutrition conveying mode is created through deep integration of material science and plant physiology, the transplanting method is particularly suitable for dredging areas and other scenes where the root system environment is severe and traditional maintenance is difficult, the survival rate and the recovery speed of mangrove forest big tree transplanting can be remarkably increased, and the survival rate of mangrove forest big tree transplanting is increased. The device is an edge tool for precise forestry and difficult site ecological restoration in the future.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for transplanting large mangrove trees in dredged and disturbed areas. Background Technology

[0002] Mangrove ecosystem restoration has become an important part of the national ecological strategy. Among these methods, large tree transplantation is highly favored due to its ability to rapidly form forests and quickly realize ecological functions such as wind and wave protection, carbon sequestration, and the creation of habitats for organisms. Especially in areas disturbed by dredging and port construction, where site conditions are extremely harsh and direct sowing or seedling planting has a very low survival rate, large tree transplantation is almost the only feasible path to achieve rapid ecological reconstruction.

[0003] However, current mangrove tree transplantation technology still largely follows traditional methods for transplanting garden trees, and faces the following core technical bottlenecks: 1. When transplanting large trees using the traditional method of digging up the soil ball and binding it with straw rope, the soil ball is difficult to maintain on the soft and easily eroded mudflats in the dredging area. Tidal erosion can easily cause the soil ball to break apart, resulting in a large number of broken and fallen roots, causing the trees to lose their ability to absorb nutrients in the early stages of transplantation. 2. After transplanting, the root system of large trees is damaged and the nutrient absorption function is reduced. The traditional transplanting method is to change the soil fertility of the planting hole to ensure the nutrient supply of the large trees. However, in the intertidal environment, soil nutrients are easily washed away by the tide. During the long root recovery period, the trees are in a state of "hunger" for a long time, resulting in tree decline and reduced resistance. 3. The dredging area has unstable geology, lacks the granular structure and microbial community of native soil, makes it difficult for the roots of transplanted trees to anchor, and the rhizosphere microenvironment is harsh, leading to stunted tree growth or even death.

[0004] Current mangrove tree transplantation technology has encountered bottlenecks, making it difficult to meet the urgent need for efficient ecological restoration in challenging sites such as dredging-disturbed areas. To address these challenges, we must abandon the old approach of "extensive transplantation" and shift to a new paradigm of "precision ecological restoration" that integrates materials science, plant physiology, and marine engineering. This new method, focusing on the two fundamental aspects of "stabilizing the root system" and "precise nutrient supply," proposes a novel approach to mangrove tree transplantation in dredging-disturbed areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for transplanting large mangrove trees in dredged and disturbed areas, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in dredged and disturbed areas includes the following steps: Step 1, Plant pretreatment: Select healthy mangrove trees with well-developed root systems, prune the crown, remove 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the branches and leaves, and apply wound healing agent to all pruning cuts; Step 2, Excavation and Protection of the Root Ball: With the base of the trunk as the center, excavate the root ball. The diameter of the root ball should be 6-8 times the diameter of the plant. Prune, disinfect, and spray the roots of the large tree with a root-activating solution. Step 3, Root Fixation and Protection: Insert slow-release capsules into the root container, then place the root ball of the large tree into the root container, and fill and compact it with nutrient substrate; the root container consists of a biodegradable outer shell, a guide net, and an inner seedling pot; Step 4: Implant microcapsules: Select 2-5 staggered locations at different heights on the trunk within 10 cm of the roots as implantation points. Drill implantation holes with a diameter of 3-10 mm and a depth of 5-10 mm. Implant at least one microcapsule into the implantation hole. Apply wound healing agent after implantation. Step 5, Cultivating Tolerance: In the first stage, the trees are irrigated with desalinated seawater at a concentration of 50%-75%. In the second stage, the trees are irrigated with seawater from the target planting area. After cultivation, the trees with good growth are selected for planting. Step 6, Planting: Place the root container of the planted tree into the planting hole in the dredged area, backfill with soil, and make sure the top of the root container is higher than or level with the soil surface. Step 7, Monitoring and Maintenance: Add temporary hollow triangular cones or net cages around the root container, and regularly check the integrity of the root container, the root growth, and the physiological condition of the tree.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step 1, the mangrove trees may be selected from, but are not limited to, at least one of Kandelia candel, Avicennia marina, and Paulownia tomentosa.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step 2, the root-activating solution is prepared by combining 0.3%-0.5% indoleacetic acid, 2 g / L-8 g / L sodium nitrophenolate, and 100 g / L-130 g / L amino acid stock solution, and is diluted 200-400 times before use. The amino acid stock solution contains at least one of the following: aspartic acid, methionine, threonine, serine, proline, tyrosine, glycine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, cystine, and arginine.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step 3, the biodegradable shell is formed by heating and molding a mixture of coconut shell fiber, starch-based plastic PLA, sawdust, and citrate in a mass ratio of 50%-60%: 30%-40%: 8%-15%: 1%-3%. The biodegradable shell is formed by heating and molding coconut shell fiber and starch-based plastic PLA. The coconut shell fiber provides the skeleton and toughness, the starch-based plastic PLA provides hardness and initial strength, and the sawdust acts as a filler and degradation regulator, giving the biodegradable shell excellent degradation characteristics with a degradation cycle of 18-24 months. The starch-based plastic PLA begins to hydrolyze first under the action of soil microorganisms, followed by the gradual decomposition of the coconut shell fiber, allowing the long-established root system to self-stabilize.

[0010] The detailed technical solution is as follows: the preparation steps of the biodegradable shell are as follows: Step 3.1: Coconut shell fiber treatment: Cut the coconut shell fibers into lengths of 10-30mm using a crusher, and then place them in an oven at 80-100°C to dry for 4-6 hours until the moisture content is below 2%; Step 3.2: Surface treatment: Soak the dried coconut shell fiber in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 30 minutes, then wash it with water until neutral and dry it. Finally, spray the fiber with a silane coupling agent solution. Step 3.3: Raw material preparation: Vacuum dry PLA granules and sawdust at 70-80°C for more than 4 hours; Step 3.4: Mixing: Put the coconut shell fiber, dried PLA granules, and wood chips processed in the above steps into a high-speed mixer according to the predetermined ratio, then add 1%-3% citric acid ester, and mix thoroughly at room temperature for 5-30 minutes. Step 3.5: Hot pressing: The mixed material is laid on the mold, and the mold is pushed into the hot press. The hot press initially applies a pressure of 1-2 MPa to compact the material, and then the temperature is raised to 170-185°C and a pressure of 8-15 MPa is applied. At this pressure and temperature, it is maintained for 3-10 minutes. Step 3.6: Demolding: Keep the pressure constant and quickly cool the mold to below 40-50°C, then open the mold and remove the parts.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the outer surface of the biodegradable shell is molded with a rib-like structure to increase friction with the surrounding soil and resistance to slippage.

[0012] To achieve flattened transportation, save space, and flexibly adapt to soil balls of different sizes, as a further aspect of the present invention: the biodegradable outer shell comprises at least two spliced ​​shells, which are joined together and secured by bio-based ropes to form an enclosing structure. Specifically, a two-, three-, four-, or even more-petaled design can be adopted, flexibly adjusted according to the size of the soil ball.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step 3, the inner seedling pot is a thin-walled pot made of coconut coir and / or pulp, and the inner seedling pot is filled with a nutrient substrate, with the slow-release capsule embedded in the nutrient substrate. This layer directly wraps around the root system, providing an optimal initial growth environment for the roots. It degrades the fastest, designed to completely decompose within 3-6 months, and does not compete with root growth for space.

[0014] In detail, the preparation method of the inner seedling pot includes the following steps: (1) Put the dried coconut coir blocks and pulp board into a hydraulic disintegrator, add water, and break them into a uniform fiber suspension; (2) Dilute the initial slurry to a concentration of about 0.5%-1%. During this process, add the prepared natural starch gum in proportion and stir thoroughly. (3) Immerse the perforated metal mold (positive mold) with the inner and outer shapes of the seedling pot into the prepared slurry, start the vacuum pump inside the mold, and under the negative pressure, the water will be quickly drawn away, while the fiber will be evenly adsorbed on the surface of the mold to form a wet pot body prototype. Then, put the mold together with another matching mold (negative mold), send it into the hot press, heat and pressurize it for 1-3 minutes at a temperature of 100-130°C and a pressure of 1-3 MPa, open the mold and take it out to obtain the seedling pot; (4) Fill the prepared nutrient substrate into the seedling pot, using a layered filling method, and gently vibrate to form a cone-shaped cavity in the center of the substrate that matches the size of the soil ball of the seedling to be transplanted.

[0015] The inner seedling pot is made of coconut coir blocks with high coarse fiber content and pulp made from waste corrugated cardboard. Coconut coir is a by-product of coconut shell fiber processing. It has excellent air permeability and water retention and is rich in potassium. The pulp can provide good formability and a certain initial strength. The natural starch gum is made by mixing corn starch or tapioca starch with guar gum in a 4:1 ratio and is completely biodegradable.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step 3, the nutrient substrate comprises the following components in the following mass ratio: 40%-50% native soil from the dredged area, 20%-30% well-rotted organic fertilizer, 20%-30% coconut coir or peat, 0.5%-1% starch-grafted acrylate, 0.5%-3% root-promoting fungicide PGPR, and 1%-5% pH adjuster.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: the decomposed organic fertilizer uses animal manure, such as earthworm castings, cow and sheep manure, to provide abundant organic matter and slow-release nutrients; the starch-grafted acrylate can absorb hundreds of times its own weight in water, providing a stable water supply to the roots during the tidal interval; mangroves prefer a slightly acidic to neutral environment. If the soil is alkaline, sulfur powder is used as the pH adjuster; if it is acidic, limestone powder is used as the pH adjuster to stabilize the pH of the nutrient substrate between 5.5 and 7.0.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step 3, the guiding net is made of natural hemp fiber or starch-based plastic PLA and is fitted onto the outer wall of the inner seedling pot. When the root tips grow to this point, due to "apical dominance" and aeration, they will preferentially enter these low-resistance channels. The guiding net guides the roots to grow laterally in a preset direction, rather than downward or coiling, so as to form a broad support surface as quickly as possible.

[0019] The detailed solution is as follows: In step 3, the guide net is made into a mesh structure using natural hemp fiber or PLA plastic filament through weaving or non-woven processes, and is oriented so that the fibers mainly extend in the horizontal direction. The guide net is wrapped around the outer wall of the inner seedling pot and fixed by binding with natural hemp fiber rope or PLA plastic filament.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step 4... Phase 1: Prepare desalinated seawater by mixing seawater and tap water from the target planting area at a volume ratio of 3:1-3. Irrigate the trees with the desalinated seawater 3-5 times a day for 3 days. Phase Two: Irrigate the trees with seawater from the target planting area 3-5 times a day for 4 days.

[0021] Based on the natural growth patterns of mangroves in the intertidal zone, the tolerance cultivation of the transplanted mangrove trees is carried out in two stages. Stage four is the seawater acclimatization period, providing a near-natural seawater environment to help the mangrove trees complete concentration adaptation. Stage five is the natural seawater acclimatization period, allowing the mangrove trees to fully adapt to the natural seawater environment. The desalinated seawater used in stage one can be flexibly adjusted according to the physiological characteristics of the mangrove trees. By artificially controlling the concentration of desalinated seawater, the trees gradually adapt to the salinity environment before and after transplantation, establishing a salinity tolerance mechanism and significantly improving the trees' adaptability to the actual environment of the dredged area.

[0022] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step 3, the preparation steps of the sustained-release capsule are as follows: Step 3.1: The organic matrix, slow-release minerals, and functional additives are thoroughly mixed at a weight ratio of 60%:30%:10%, granulated with water, and dried until the moisture content is below 8% to obtain slow-release granules; wherein the organic matrix is ​​composed of seaweed residue and decomposed organic fertilizer at a weight ratio of 2.7:6.3, the slow-release minerals are composed of phosphate rock powder, potassium ore powder, and oyster shell powder at a weight ratio of 2.2:1.8:0.5, and the functional additives are composed of sulfur powder, attapulgite clay, sucrose, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria at a weight ratio of 0.6:0.7:0.9:0.2. Step 3.2: Immerse the slow-release granules in molten beeswax for 2-3 seconds, then remove them to allow a thin, even layer of wax film to coat their surface. Allow them to cure in the ventilation system. Step 3.3: Immerse the beeswax-coated slow-release granules in starch paste, remove them, and then coat them with a 2-3 mm layer of attapulgite clay. Dry and shape them to form the intermediate. Step 3.4: Immerse the slow-release granules treated in step 3.3 in a 5% sodium alginate solution, and immediately immerse them in a 2-4% calcium chloride solution for 5-10 minutes. A water-insoluble calcium alginate gel film will form on the surface. Remove and drain. Step 3.5: Immerse in a 1.5% chitosan-acetic acid solution for 5-10 minutes. Chitosan will form a polyelectrolyte complex film with the calcium alginate on the surface through electrostatic interaction. After removal, rinse with clean water and air dry.

[0023] In step 3.1, the decomposed organic fertilizer is made from animal manure, such as earthworm castings, cow and sheep manure, etc. Before being mixed with the seaweed residue, it needs to be dried to a moisture content of less than 15% and then crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0024] In dredged areas, nutrients in the soil are easily washed away or dissolved by tides. The outer shell of the slow-release capsule forms a physical barrier, effectively resisting tidal erosion and rainwater leaching. During the tree's growth cycle, its nutrient requirements change dynamically (such as during the budding stage and the rapid growth stage). The slow-release capsule can release nutrients gradually through material degradation or microporous diffusion, avoiding the problems of early seedling burn and later nutrient deficiency. Moreover, because the nutrients are released in a controlled manner rather than rushing into the environment instantly, the loss of elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the surrounding seawater is greatly reduced, thus preventing algal blooms and seawater quality deterioration caused by fertilization from the source.

[0025] The sustained-release capsule's normal state (slow release): Under the influence of tides and rain, water slowly permeates inward through the micropores of the outer shell, dissolving some of the core nutrients, and then diffuses out through the concentration gradient. At this stage, the release is slow, and nutrient loss is minimal. Activated state (accelerated release): When the roots of the mangrove plant grow and approach the capsule, they actively secrete organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid. These organic acids chelate calcium ions (Ca) in the outer calcium alginate gel. 2+This process disrupts the cross-linked structure of the capsule, causing the outer layer to soften locally near the roots, increasing pore size, and accelerating degradation. Nutrients and internal probiotics are then released more smoothly into the surrounding root system and directly absorbed by the plant. The more active the roots, the more acid they secrete, and the faster the capsules are released, achieving a "demand-driven" supply relationship.

[0026] Furthermore, after the sustained-release capsules are embedded in the nutrient substrate, the outer layer comes into contact with water and trace amounts of oxygen, becoming an aerobic microbial zone; while the core, due to respiration and the obstruction of the outer layer, forms an anaerobic zone. Aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are active in the outer layer, fixing nitrogen from the air; anaerobic or facultative phosphate-solubilizing bacteria work in the core, dissolving insoluble phosphorus such as phosphate rock powder. The sustained-release capsules have a triple membrane, which effectively prevents the rapid loss of nutrients when not needed, resists tidal erosion and soil fixation, and the chitosan and probiotics work together to stimulate root development in trees, forming a healthier root ball, which in turn secretes more organic acids to "awaken" the capsules, forming a positive cycle between the plant, capsules, and microorganisms.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step 4, the microcapsule is 5-8mm long and 2-5mm in diameter. The microcapsule is implanted according to the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the tree. Three microcapsules are implanted for a tree with a DBH of 10cm. One more microcapsule is implanted for every 3cm increase in DBH. The microcapsule is implanted between the cambium and xylem of the tree. On the same tree, the distance between two adjacent implantation holes is not less than 5cm.

[0028] In step 4, the microcapsule preparation steps include, Step 4.1: Prepare a solution of plant sulfopeptide PSK with a concentration of 0.25 nmol·L⁻¹. -1 The rooting powder was prepared using a PSK solution with a concentration of 0.5 nmol·L⁻¹. -1 Rooting solution; Step 4.2: Mix PSK solution and rooting solution at a volume ratio of 1:1, add 15 times the volume of water and heat to 60°C, add 2.5 parts by mass of sodium alginate and 0.5 parts by mass of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and stir in a homogenizer until completely dissolved to form a transparent and viscous gel-based solution. Step 4.3: Heat purified water to 55°C, add glycerin, lignin, and gelatin in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.3:1, stir until completely dissolved, soak until fully expanded, heat under vacuum to 65°C, and maintain this temperature for 1 hour. After 2 hours of standing, the air bubbles in the adhesive solution are removed, and the capsule skin adhesive solution is obtained. Step 4.5: Place the gel base liquid and capsule shell liquid into a rotary soft capsule press to prepare microcapsules.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention: In steps 1 and 4, the wound healing agent is a wax or asphalt coating containing a bactericide, wherein the bactericide is a compound of 60 g / L-65 g / L of methyl chlorothalonil and 4%-6% of amino oligosaccharide, and is diluted 500-1000 times before use.

[0030] The implantation site is small, and the microcapsules can be inserted manually or with the aid of a syringe, minimizing trauma to the tree. The outer shell of the microcapsules incorporates lignin, which can be slowly decomposed by specific enzymes (laccase) naturally produced by the tree. Therefore, when the tree's physiological activity is vigorous and sap flow is rapid, the enzyme activity is high, and the degradation of the nutrient capsules and the release of nutrients will be accelerated accordingly, achieving a "demand-driven" release mode.

[0031] Nutrient release mechanism of microcapsules: After microcapsules are implanted in trees, sap seeps into the capsule through the micropores or degradation channels of the outer shell. The nutrient slurry inside absorbs the sap and begins to swell, forming a nutrient-rich gel. The high concentration of nutrients can diffuse outward through the concentration gradient. The slight internal pressure generated by the swelling of the gel, combined with the external transpiration pull, propels the nutrient-containing liquid upward through the vascular system. Enzymes produced when the tree is vigorous accelerate the degradation of the outer shell, increasing the release rate. When the tree is dormant, the release rate slows down, forming a virtuous cycle. Microcapsule implantation can provide targeted stimulation for root growth in trees, promoting the development of more root systems.

[0032] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: Compared with existing technologies, the transplanting method of this invention requires large trees to be transplanted into root containers after the soil ball is removed. The root container consists of a biodegradable outer shell, a guide net, and an inner seedling pot. The biodegradable outer shell serves as the main load-bearing structure, resisting water flow impact and physical collisions, ensuring the container maintains its shape integrity in the initial planting stage. The inner seedling pot provides nutrients for the mangrove tree's growth, and the guide net guides the roots to extend laterally to enhance anchorage. Therefore, the root container provides solid physical protection and undisturbed root growth space for mangrove trees in the initial transplanting stage, resisting erosion from tides and waves in the dredged area. Subsequently, the container degrades naturally, guiding the roots to anchor naturally in the surrounding soil, ultimately achieving a seamless transition from "artificial support" to "natural growth." The container material is completely biodegradable, making it environmentally friendly. This application involves implanting microcapsules into tree trunk tissue. The capsule shell is made of easily soluble gelatin and lignin, and the inside is encapsulated with plant sulfopeptide PSK and rooting solution. After implantation, the microcapsules can slowly release nutrients in a short time according to the tree's physiological activities (such as sap flow and transpiration pull), which is equivalent to providing the transplanted tree with a long-lasting built-in "energy bar", directly supplying growth hormones to the tree, ensuring a stable supply of hormones during the recovery period and stimulating the trunk to grow more roots. In addition, in the absence of large-scale terrain modification, this application draws on the idea of ​​"submerged dams at the foot of dikes" to dissipate waves and promote siltation. Hollow triangular cones or net cages made of recyclable steel or bio-based materials are used to surround the mangrove trees. These structures can effectively reduce wave energy and promote the rapid accumulation of silt around the tree roots. After the root network of the trees is formed and they have the ability to stabilize the soil, these modules can be dismantled and reused. This solution, through the deep integration of materials science and plant physiology, creates a revolutionary method for nutrient delivery in forest trees. It is particularly suitable for scenarios with harsh root environments and difficult traditional maintenance, such as dredged areas. It can significantly improve the survival rate and recovery speed of transplanted large mangrove trees, making it a powerful tool for future precision forestry and ecological restoration of challenging sites. Attached Figure Description Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the customization and degradation timeline of the root container of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the root system container of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a microcapsule. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the customization and degradation timeline of the root container of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the root system container structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a microcapsule.

[0035] The root container used in the following embodiments comprises a biodegradable outer shell, a guide net, and an inner seedling pot. The biodegradable outer shell is made by heating and molding a mixture of coconut fiber, starch-based plastic PLA, sawdust, and citrate in a mass ratio of 55%:35%:8%:2%. The inner seedling pot is a thin-walled pot made of coconut coir and paper pulp, and is filled with a nutrient substrate. The nutrient substrate used in this transplanting method comprises the following components in the mass ratio: 48.5% native soil from the dredged area, 24% cow manure, 25% coconut coir, 1% starch-grafted acrylate, 0.5% root-promoting bacteria agent PGPR, and 1% pH adjuster. The guide net is woven from natural hemp fiber.

[0036] The root-activating solution used in the following examples is a compound of 0.5% indoleacetic acid, 5 g / L sodium nitrophenolate and 120 g / L amino acid stock solution. It is diluted 300 times before use. The amino acid stock solution contains aspartic acid, methionine, threonine, serine, proline, tyrosine, glycine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, isoleucine, cystine and arginine.

[0037] Example 1: A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in dredged and disturbed areas includes the following steps: Step 1, Plant pretreatment: Select healthy mangrove trees with well-developed root systems, prune the crown, remove 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the branches and leaves, and apply a wound healing agent to all pruning cuts. The wound healing agent is a grafting wax containing a fungicide. The fungicide is a compound of 60 g / L of cyprodinil and 5% amino oligosaccharide, and should be diluted 800 times before use. Step 2, Excavation and Protection of the Root Ball: With the base of the trunk as the center, excavate the root ball. The diameter of the root ball should be 6-8 times the diameter of the plant. Prune, disinfect, and spray the roots of the large tree with a root-activating solution. Step 3, Root Fixation and Protection: Insert 5 slow-release capsules into the root container, then place the root ball of the large tree into the root container, and fill and compact it with nutrient substrate; the root container consists of a biodegradable outer shell, a guide net and an inner seedling pot, the biodegradable outer shell includes two spliced ​​shells, the two spliced ​​shells are joined together and fixed by wrapping with bio-based ropes to form an enclosing structure. Step 4: Microcapsule Implantation: Select three staggered implantation points on the trunk, 2 cm away from the roots. Drill implantation holes with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 8 mm. Implant a microcapsule with a length of 5 mm and a diameter of 4 mm into each hole. After implantation, apply a wound healing agent. The wound healing agent is an asphalt coating containing a bactericide, which is a compound of 62 g / L of methylflufenicol and 4% amino oligosaccharide. It should be diluted 1000 times before use. Step 5, Cultivating Tolerance: Stage 1: Prepare desalinated seawater by mixing seawater and tap water from the target planting area at a volume ratio of 3:1. Irrigate the trees with the desalinated seawater 4 times a day for 3 days. Phase Two: Irrigate the trees with seawater from the target planting area four times a day for four days. After cultivation, select the best-growing trees for planting. Step 6, Planting: Place the root container of the planted tree into the planting hole in the dredged area, backfill with soil, and make sure the top of the root container is 3-5cm above the soil surface. Step 7, Monitoring and Maintenance: Install temporary hollow net cages around the root container and regularly check the integrity of the root container, the root growth, and the physiological condition of the tree.

[0038] Example 2: A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in dredged and disturbed areas includes the following steps: Step 1, Plant pretreatment: Select healthy mangrove trees with well-developed root systems, prune the crown, remove 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the branches and leaves, and apply a wound healing agent to all pruning cuts. The wound healing agent is a grafting wax containing a fungicide. The fungicide is a compound of 60 g / L of cyprodinil and 5% amino oligosaccharide, and should be diluted 800 times before use. Step 2, Excavation and Protection of the Root Ball: With the base of the trunk as the center, excavate the root ball. The diameter of the root ball should be 6-8 times the diameter of the plant. Prune, disinfect, and spray the roots of the large tree with a root-activating solution. Step 3, Root Fixation and Protection: Insert 5 slow-release capsules into the root container, then place the root ball of the large tree into the root container, and fill and compact it with nutrient substrate; the root container consists of a biodegradable outer shell, a guide net and an inner seedling pot, the biodegradable outer shell includes two spliced ​​shells, the two spliced ​​shells are joined together and fixed by wrapping with bio-based ropes to form an enclosing structure. Step 4: Microcapsule Implantation: Select two staggered locations on the trunk, 3 cm from the roots, as implantation points. Drill implantation holes with a diameter of 8 mm and a depth of 10 mm. Implant a microcapsule with a length of 9 mm and a diameter of 6 mm into each hole. After implantation, apply a wound healing agent. The wound healing agent is an asphalt coating containing a bactericide, which is a compound of 62 g / L of methylflufenicol and 4% amino oligosaccharide. It should be diluted 1000 times before use. Step 5, Cultivating Tolerance: Stage 1: Prepare desalinated seawater by mixing seawater from the target planting area with tap water at a volume ratio of 2:1. Irrigate the trees with the desalinated seawater 5 times a day for 3 days. Phase Two: Irrigate the trees with seawater from the target planting area five times a day for four days. After cultivation, select the best-growing trees for planting. Step 6, Planting: Place the root container of the planted tree into the planting hole in the dredged area, backfill with soil, and make sure the top of the root container is 3-5cm above the soil surface. Step 7, Monitoring and Maintenance: Install temporary hollow net cages around the root container and regularly check the integrity of the root container, the root growth, and the physiological condition of the tree.

[0039] Example 3: A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in dredged and disturbed areas includes the following steps: Step 1, Plant pretreatment: Select healthy mangrove trees with well-developed root systems, prune the crown, remove 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the branches and leaves, and apply a wound healing agent to all pruning cuts. The wound healing agent is a grafting wax containing a fungicide. The fungicide is a compound of 60 g / L of cyprodinil and 5% amino oligosaccharide, and should be diluted 800 times before use. Step 2, Excavation and Protection of the Root Ball: With the base of the trunk as the center, excavate the root ball. The diameter of the root ball should be 6-8 times the diameter of the plant. Prune, disinfect, and spray the roots of the large tree with a root-activating solution. Step 3, Root Fixation and Protection: Insert 5 slow-release capsules into the root container, then place the root ball of the large tree into the root container, and fill and compact it with nutrient substrate; the root container consists of a biodegradable outer shell, a guide net and an inner seedling pot, the biodegradable outer shell includes two spliced ​​shells, the two spliced ​​shells are joined together and fixed by wrapping with bio-based ropes to form an enclosing structure. Step 4: Microcapsule Implantation: Select three staggered implantation points on the trunk, 5 cm from the roots. Drill implantation holes with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 7 mm. Implant a microcapsule with a length of 5 mm and a diameter of 4 mm into each hole. After implantation, apply a wound healing agent. The wound healing agent is an asphalt coating containing a bactericide, which is a compound of 62 g / L of methylflufenicol and 4% amino oligosaccharide. It should be diluted 1000 times before use. Step 5, Cultivating Tolerance: Stage 1: Prepare desalinated seawater by mixing seawater and tap water from the target planting area at a volume ratio of 1:1. Irrigate the trees with the desalinated seawater 5 times a day for 3 days. Phase Two: Irrigate the trees with seawater from the target planting area five times a day for four days. After cultivation, select the best-growing trees for planting. Step 6, Planting: Place the root container of the planted tree into the planting hole in the dredged area, backfill with soil, and make sure the top of the root container is 3-5cm above the soil surface. Step 7, Monitoring and Maintenance: Install temporary hollow net cages around the root container and regularly check the integrity of the root container, the root growth, and the physiological condition of the tree.

[0040] Test case Transplanting large mangrove trees using the soil ball and straw rope binding method includes the following steps: a. Select healthy mangrove trees with well-developed root systems, prune the crowns, remove 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the branches and leaves, and apply a wound healing agent to all pruning cuts. The wound healing agent is a grafting wax containing a bactericide, which is a compound of 60 g / L of cyprodinil and 5% amino oligosaccharide, diluted 800 times before use. b. Before digging, spray the root area of ​​the plant with a fungicide and a root-activating solution; the fungicide is a compound of 60 g / L cyprodinil and 4% amino oligosaccharide, diluted 800 times before use; the root-activating solution is a compound of 0.5% indoleacetic acid, 5 g / L sodium nitrophenolate and 120 g / L amino acid stock solution, diluted 300 times before use; c. Dig a root ball centered on the base of the trunk. The diameter of the root ball should be 6-8 times the diameter of the plant at ground level. After the root ball is dug, immediately wrap it with a shade net and secure it with rubber rope. d. Dig planting holes and add nutrient substrate to the planting holes to improve the soil. The amount of nutrient substrate added is 300g / hole. e. Place the root containers of the planted trees into the planting holes in the dredged area and backfill with soil; f. Monitoring and maintenance: Regularly check the root growth of mangrove trees and their physiological condition.

[0041] After the trees were planted, a three-year observation period was conducted. The relevant comparative data between the example group and the comparative group are as follows: Example set: The complete set of technical solutions of Examples 1-3 of the present invention are adopted.

[0042] Control group: The transplantation method described in the experimental case was used.

[0043] Selected tree species: 10-year-old Kandelia candel, 100 trees per group.

[0044] (1) Monitoring indicators and methods: Refer to Table 1 Table 1 is a summary table of monitoring indicators and methods. (2) Monitoring results: Refer to Table 2.

[0045] Table 2 shows a comparison of key indicators for Kandelia candel transplantation. In dredging-disturbed areas, the transplantation method of this application can increase the long-term (three-year) survival rate of transplanted mangrove trees from 55% of the traditional method to over 91%, an increase of more than 60%. The growth and recovery speed of the trees is greatly improved, and an effective canopy cover can be formed 1-2 years earlier, enabling them to exert their ecological functions such as shading, promoting siltation, and providing habitats for benthic organisms more quickly. Examples 1-3 greatly enhance the trees' resistance to wind and waves by guiding the lateral growth of the root system, thus significantly improving the stability of mangroves during the typhoon season.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in dredged and disturbed areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Plant pretreatment: Select healthy mangrove trees with well-developed root systems, prune the crown, remove 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the branches and leaves, and apply wound healing agent to all pruning cuts; Step 2, Excavation and Protection of the Root Ball: With the base of the trunk as the center, excavate the root ball. The diameter of the root ball should be 6-8 times the diameter of the plant. Prune, disinfect, and spray the roots of the large tree with a root-activating solution. Step 3, Root Fixation and Protection: Insert slow-release capsules into the root container, then place the root ball of the large tree into the root container, and fill and compact it with nutrient substrate; the root container consists of a biodegradable outer shell, a guide net, and an inner seedling pot; Step 4: Implant microcapsules: Select 2-5 staggered locations at different heights on the trunk within 10 cm of the roots as implantation points. Drill implantation holes with a diameter of 3-10 mm and a depth of 5-10 mm. Implant at least one microcapsule into the implantation hole. Apply wound healing agent after implantation. Step 5, Cultivating Tolerance: In the first stage, the trees are irrigated with desalinated seawater at a concentration of 50%-75%. In the second stage, the trees are irrigated with seawater from the target planting area. After cultivation, the trees with good growth are selected for planting. Step 6, Planting: Place the root container of the planted tree into the planting hole in the dredging area, backfill with soil, and make sure the top of the root container is higher than or level with the soil surface. Step 7, Monitoring and Maintenance: Add temporary hollow triangular cones or net cages around the root container, and regularly check the integrity of the root container, the root growth, and the physiological condition of the tree.

2. The method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the biodegradable shell is formed by heating and molding a mixture of coconut fiber, starch-based plastic PLA, wood chips and citric acid ester in a mass ratio of 50%-60%: 30%-40%: 8%-15%: 1%-3%.

3. The method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the inner seedling pot is a thin-walled pot made of coconut coir and / or paper pulp, the inner seedling pot is filled with nutrient substrate, and the slow-release capsule is embedded in the nutrient substrate.

4. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the guide net is made of natural hemp fiber or starch-based plastic PLA and is fitted onto the outer wall of the inner seedling pot.

5. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, the nutrient substrate comprises the following components in the following mass ratio: 40%-50% native soil from the dredged area, 20%-30% well-rotted organic fertilizer, 20%-30% coconut coir or peat, 0.5%-1% starch-grafted acrylate, 0.5%-3% root-promoting bacteria agent PGPR, and 1%-5% pH adjuster.

6. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, Phase 1: Prepare desalinated seawater by mixing seawater and tap water from the target planting area at a volume ratio of 3:1-3. Irrigate the trees with the desalinated seawater 3-5 times a day for 3 days. Phase Two: Irrigate the trees with seawater from the target planting area 3-5 times a day for 4 days.

7. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the preparation steps of the sustained-release capsule are as follows: Step 3.1: The organic matrix, slow-release minerals, and functional additives are thoroughly mixed at a weight ratio of 60%:30%:10%, granulated with water, and dried until the moisture content is below 8% to obtain slow-release granules; wherein the organic matrix is ​​composed of seaweed residue and decomposed organic fertilizer at a weight ratio of 2.7:6.3, the slow-release minerals are composed of phosphate rock powder, potassium ore powder, and oyster shell powder at a weight ratio of 2.2:1.8:0.5, and the functional additives are composed of sulfur powder, attapulgite clay, sucrose, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria at a weight ratio of 0.6:0.7:0.9:0.

2. Step 3.2: Immerse the slow-release granules in molten beeswax for 2-3 seconds, then remove and allow to air dry for curing; Step 3.3: Immerse the beeswax-coated slow-release granules in starch paste, remove them, then coat their surface with a layer of attapulgite clay, dry and shape them to form the middle layer; Step 3.4: Immerse the slow-release granules treated in step 3.3 in a 5% sodium alginate solution, and immediately immerse them in a 2-4% calcium chloride solution for 5-10 minutes. Then drain them. Step 3.5: Immerse in a 1.5% chitosan acetic acid solution for 5-10 minutes, then rinse with clean water and air dry.

8. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged and disturbed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the microcapsules are 5-8 mm in length and 2-5 mm in diameter.

9. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged disturbance area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps 1 and 6, the wound healing agent is a wax or asphalt coating containing a bactericide. The bactericide is a compound of 60 g / L-65 g / L of methylflufenicol and 4%-6% of amino oligosaccharides, and is diluted 500-1000 times before use.

10. A method for transplanting large mangrove trees in a dredged disturbance area according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 4, the microcapsule preparation steps include, Step 4.1: Prepare a solution of plant sulfopeptide PSK with a concentration of 0.25 nmol·L⁻¹. -1 The rooting powder was prepared using a PSK solution with a concentration of 0.5 nmol·L⁻¹. -1 Rooting solution; Step 4.2: Mix PSK solution and rooting solution at a volume ratio of 1:1, add 15 times the volume of water and heat to 60°C, add 2.5 parts by mass of sodium alginate and 0.5 parts by mass of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and stir in a homogenizer until completely dissolved to form a transparent and viscous gel-based solution. Step 4.3: Heat purified water to 55°C, add glycerin, lignin, and gelatin in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.3:1, stir until completely dissolved, soak until fully expanded, heat under vacuum to 65°C, and maintain this temperature for 1 hour. After 2 hours of standing, the air bubbles in the adhesive solution are removed, and the capsule skin adhesive solution is obtained. Step 4.5: Place the gel base liquid and capsule shell liquid into a rotary soft capsule press to prepare microcapsules.

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