VR visual training method and system based on dynamic refraction adjustment

Abstract

The invention provides a VR visual training method and system based on dynamic refraction adjustment, and is applied to the technical field of VR visual training, and the system comprises a display module, a focusing mechanism, a hybrid optical system and a main controller. The main controller generates a target diopter sequence changing along with time according to the training mode, and drives the optical lens group to move along the optical axis direction, so that the focal power of the system is physically changed; meanwhile, the virtual image depth is updated according to the diopter, and perspective parameters are adjusted and rendered, so that the position of the presented virtual image is consistent with the optical focus in real time; in the training process, the adjusting reaction speed and the adjusting lag amount are obtained through the clear recognition performance of the user on the sighting mark, the main controller conducts self-adaptive adjustment on the follow-up refraction change track based on feedback, and training stimulation is made to be matched with the instant adjusting ability of the user. A real, continuous and individualized adjusting stimulation environment can be constructed, and the effectiveness and safety of ciliary muscle training are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of VR vision training, and particularly relates to a VR vision training method and system based on dynamic accommodation. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularization of electronic products, the myopia problem of children and adolescents is becoming increasingly serious. The mainstream research believes that long-time close eye use is the key factor leading to the occurrence and deepening of myopia. The virtual image distance generated by the optical module of the existing VR / AR equipment is usually close (1-3 meters) when used for education or entertainment, which cannot relieve, and even may exacerbate, the tension of the ciliary muscle.

[0003] In recent years, myopia prevention and control devices and vision training systems based on visual stimulation have emerged, but the existing technologies generally use fixed focal length display or single optical path structure. The training images seen by the user do not have real focal point changes in physics, and only rely on software to simulate depth, lacking real accommodation stimulation coupled with the human eye adjustment system. Since the accommodation behavior of the ciliary muscle is triggered by the real front and back movement of the intraocular focal plane, it is difficult to generate sufficient accommodation driving force through the depth change of the virtual image alone, which limits the training effect.

[0004] On the other hand, although some adjustable focus devices can achieve diopter changes by moving the lens, they usually use discrete switching or mechanical stepping form, lack continuous and smooth focusing ability, and are difficult to keep synchronization with the virtual image depth of the display picture, resulting in inconsistency between the optical focal point and the visual content. Users often have visual discomfort, dizziness or insufficient training stimulation during training. In addition, most of the existing training systems use fixed training intensity, and do not adaptively adjust according to the physiological indicators such as the accommodation response speed and accommodation lag of the user during the training process. The training load cannot dynamically match individual differences, which not only affects the training effect, but also may cause accommodation fatigue.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a vision training method and system that can improve the above problems to improve the effectiveness, safety and individual adaptability of accommodation training. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a VR vision training method based on dynamic accommodation, which uses light focus synchronization, virtual image depth synchronization and accommodation behavior synchronization to form a triple consistency mechanism, making the training experience natural and coordinated, and significantly improving the visual immersion and accommodation participation of the user.

[0007] A VR vision training method based on dynamic accommodation, comprising the following steps: At the beginning of the training, the main controller performs initialization on the focusing mechanism, so that the hybrid optical system is in an optical reference position, and controls the display module to present a position corresponding to a far-virtual image; The main controller obtains a target diopter sequence according to a preset or adaptively generated diopter change trajectory, synchronously updates the virtual image depth according to the diopter change, and adjusts the rendering perspective parameters of the display content in real time, so that the virtual image depth is consistent with the optical focus; The target diopter value is converted into a displacement control instruction for driving the focusing mechanism, so that the optical power of the hybrid optical system changes over time; wherein the focusing mechanism performs real-time focusing of the hybrid optical system according to the diopter change rate constraint throughout the training process, so that the user completes the active adjustment training under the synchronous change of the optical power and the virtual image depth; During the change of the optical power, the user is guided to perform eye active adjustment by displaying visual targets with difficulty in detail recognition, and the adjustment response speed and adjustment lag of the user are calculated based on the recognition performance of the user on the visual targets; The main controller adaptively adjusts and updates the subsequent target diopter sequence according to the adjustment response speed and adjustment lag, to generate training stimuli matched with the user's adjustment ability.

[0008] Preferably, the diopter change trajectory includes a step type, a slope type or a sinusoidal type; The step type diopter change trajectory corresponds to a step training mode, and the expression of the target diopter sequence D(t) in the step training mode is:

[0009] wherein, is a set initial reference diopter, is a diopter step, and k is a training step number; The slope type diopter change trajectory corresponds to a slope training mode, and the expression of the target diopter sequence D(t) in the slope training mode is:

[0010] wherein, is a set initial reference diopter, is a set maximum diopter change range, and T is a change period; The sinusoidal type diopter change trajectory corresponds to a sinusoidal training mode, and the expression of the target diopter sequence D(t) in the sinusoidal training mode is:

[0011] wherein, is a set initial reference diopter, is a diopter adjustment range, is an oscillation frequency.

[0012] Preferably, the relationship between refractive power and virtual image depth is expressed as follows:

[0013] The rendering perspective parameters include one or more of the following: virtual image depth parameters, projection and viewpoint parameters, geometric distortion compensation parameters, aberration compensation parameters, and binocular stereo vision parameters.

[0014] Preferably, the displacement control command is generated based on the mapping relationship between the calibrated refractive power, the displacement of the hybrid optical system, and the number of steps of the stepper motor, and the specific process is as follows: Based on the mapping relationship, according to the target refractive power D(t) and the current refractive power D(t) 1) The difference is used to calculate the step difference ΔN that the stepper motor should output, and a corresponding pulse drive sequence is generated for focusing operation. The pulse drive sequence adopts a speed control strategy of starting from low speed, accelerating to constant speed, and then gradually decelerating. During the focusing operation, a safety threshold for refractive change is set to limit the refractive change rate from falling below the safety threshold. .

[0015] Preferably, the visual target is one or more of the following: high spatial frequency patterns, low contrast detail symbols, or visual phenotypic characters.

[0016] Preferably, the reaction rate is adjusted. Based on the clear recovery time required for the user to identify the corresponding visual target Confirmed, the expression is:

[0017] The adjustment hysteresis The expression is:

[0018] Where R(t) is the actual refractive adjustment value physiologically achieved by the user at that moment.

[0019] Preferably, the target refractive power sequence D(t) is adaptively adjusted based on an adaptive adjustment model, the functional expression of which is:

[0020] in, To adjust the lag coefficient, To adjust the reaction rate coefficient, To adjust the lag, To regulate the reaction rate.

[0021] Preferably, the binocular refractive difference is set based on the user's binocular recognition performance of visual targets. The refractive targets of both eyes are updated differently based on the accommodative lag and accommodative response speed of the left and right eyes, so as to promote the balance of binocular accommodative ability. The update formula for the left eye target refractive error sequence D(t) is:

[0022] in, The current target refractive power for the left eye. This refers to the accommodative lag in the left eye. The left eye's accommodation lag coefficient. To adjust reaction speed for the left eye The coefficient for the left eye's accommodation reaction speed. Binocular refractive error coefficient; The update formula for the right eye target refractive error sequence D(t) is:

[0023] in, The current target refractive power for the right eye. Right eye accommodation lag The right eye accommodation lag coefficient. To adjust reaction speed for the right eye The right eye's accommodation reaction speed coefficient. Binocular refractive error coefficient.

[0024] The second objective of this invention is to propose a VR vision training method system based on dynamic refractive accommodation, for implementing the aforementioned VR vision training method based on dynamic refractive accommodation, comprising: The display module is used to present virtual training targets; A hybrid optical system connected to a focusing mechanism, wherein the hybrid optical system is driven by the focusing mechanism to move along the optical axis to change the optical diopter of the system; The main controller, connected to the focusing mechanism and the display module, is used to drive the focusing mechanism and control the display module to output the display. The main controller is configured as follows: The training mode generates a target refractive power sequence that changes over time, and converts the target refractive power into a displacement control command for the focusing mechanism, so that the optical power of the hybrid optical system changes over time. The virtual image depth is determined based on the target refractive power, and the rendering perspective parameters of the display module are adjusted to keep the virtual image depth synchronized with the optical focus. By displaying visual targets with high detail and difficulty in recognition, the user's adjustment performance is obtained, thereby acquiring adjustment speed parameters and adjustment hysteresis parameters that reflect adjustment ability. The target refractive error sequence is adaptively adjusted based on the adjustment speed parameter and adjustment hysteresis parameter, thereby forming a vision training closed loop driven by real light focus changes and cognitive feedback.

[0025] Preferably, the display module is a miniature display screen; The hybrid optical system includes a first glass aspherical lens, a first plastic aspherical lens, a second plastic aspherical lens, a third plastic aspherical lens, a second glass aspherical lens, and a fourth plastic aspherical lens arranged sequentially along the display direction of the micro-display screen. The focusing mechanism includes a drive gear, a driven gear, an outer wheel, an inner wheel, and a movable lens mount. The movable lens mount is equipped with a hybrid optical system. The movable lens mount is connected to the outer wheel, and the outer wheel is sleeved with the inner wheel. The inner wheel is used to mount a micro display screen. The outer wheel is equipped with a driven gear, which meshes with the drive gear. The drive gear is driven to rotate by a stepper motor.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the VR vision training method and system based on dynamic refractive accommodation drives the hybrid optical system through a focusing mechanism, so that the optical power of the system changes continuously during the training process, forming a real physical refractive stimulus; and by adjusting the virtual image depth in real time through rendering perspective parameters, the training target is always located in a spatial position consistent with the optical focal point, thereby constructing a real accommodation environment that conforms to the physiological mechanism of the human eye and effectively stimulating the ciliary muscle to complete active accommodation.

[0027] During training, the user's accommodative response speed and accommodative lag are collected in real time, and the refractive error trajectory is adaptively adjusted based on this data. This allows the intensity of the training stimulus to change dynamically with the user's accommodative ability, avoiding fatigue caused by excessive training or ineffective stimulation caused by insufficient training. This significantly improves the safety and effectiveness of training.

[0028] It supports multiple diopter variation modes, such as stepped, ramp, and sinusoidal modes, which are used to enhance accommodative amplitude, train accommodative speed, and improve accommodative rhythm and duration, making training programs more targeted and controllable. For example, in sinusoidal training mode, by adjusting the amplitude and frequency, rhythmic accommodative stimulation can be formed, which is more in line with the natural characteristics of the ciliary muscle's periodic contraction and relaxation.

[0029] By further introducing binocular refractive error parameters, independent refractive error change sequences can be generated for the left and right eyes. The refractive error change trajectory can be adjusted according to the difference in accommodative ability between the two eyes, so as to realize binocular differentiated and individualized vision training. It is especially suitable for people with unbalanced binocular accommodative ability, insufficient accommodative ability in one eye, amblyopia, or anisometropia, so as to make the training effect more significant.

[0030] This invention utilizes a triple consistency mechanism consisting of optical focus synchronization, virtual image depth synchronization, and adjustment behavior synchronization to make the training experience natural and coordinated, significantly improving the user's visual immersion and adjustment participation. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hybrid optical system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the focusing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the focusing mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] The following are labeled in the diagram: 1. Miniature display screen; 2. First glass aspherical lens; 3. First plastic aspherical lens; 4. Second plastic aspherical lens; 5. Third plastic aspherical lens; 6. Second glass aspherical lens; 7. Fourth plastic aspherical lens; 8. Drive gear; 9. Driven gear; 10. Outer wheel; 11. Inner wheel; 12. Movable mirror mount. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a VR vision training method based on dynamic refractive accommodation includes the following steps: S1. Initialization and Optical State Setting When training begins, the main controller first performs a zeroing operation on the focusing mechanism, returning the moving lens group to the optical reference position to ensure accurate and consistent subsequent changes in optical power. At the same time, it controls the image display to show a distant marker corresponding to 0D diopter and sets the system virtual image depth to a distance not less than a set distance (in this embodiment, based on the structural characteristics of the hybrid optical system, the system virtual image depth is set to a distance not less than 10m) so that the user's ciliary muscle is in a relaxed, unburdened initial state. It also determines the diopter change curve, target task information, and training safety threshold for this training.

[0034] S2, Generation of Dynamic Refractive Training Curve To adapt to the different eye accommodation function states and visual rehabilitation needs of users, a trajectory of refractive power change over time is set to generate a target refractive power sequence D(t). Specifically, the trajectory of refractive power change can present a step-like, ramp-like, or sinusoidal pattern, which corresponds to step-like training mode, ramp-like training mode, and sinusoidal training mode.

[0035] (1) Step-by-step training mode: The refractive power increases step by step in fixed increments, pausing for several seconds at each level to allow the user's eye to focus under a stable refractive load. The expression for the target refractive power training sequence D(t) in this mode is:

[0036] in, The initial reference refractive power is set. The step size for increasing refractive power is k, where k is the training step number.

[0037] The stepped training mode divides the training time into several equal stepped intervals, allowing the ciliary muscle to repeatedly perform focusing and stabilizing actions under each level of refractive load. This mode is more suitable for users with weaker accommodative ability or those who are training for the first time. By gradually increasing the accommodative amplitude, it can effectively improve the problem of accommodative lag.

[0038] (2) Inclined Training Mode: The target refractive power changes continuously over time, exhibiting linear or approximately linear growth or decline. The expression for the target refractive power training sequence D(t) under this mode is:

[0039] in, The initial reference refractive power is set. The maximum range of refractive change is set, and T is the period of change.

[0040] The ramp training mode differs from the step training mode in that it lacks a constant pause phase. The ciliary muscle must actively follow the refractive changes during continuous optical zoom, resulting in a higher training load intensity. During training, the user continuously performs accommodative responses throughout the entire period of change, which enhances their accommodative response speed and sensitivity. This mode is more suitable for people with slow accommodative responses or those who spend too much time on near work.

[0041] (3) Sine wave training mode: The target refractive power oscillates periodically between +D and –D. The expression for the target refractive power training sequence D(t) under this mode is:

[0042] in, The initial reference refractive power is set. For refractive adjustment range, The oscillation frequency is denoted as .

[0043] By smoothly cycling the refractive power between "far, near, far," simulating the movement of an object approaching and moving away, the user's ciliary muscles receive continuous training through rhythmic contraction and relaxation. Furthermore, this sinusoidal variation maintains a comfortable rhythm over a longer period, reducing abrupt changes in stimulation and improving training tolerance and adherence. This mode is suitable for individuals requiring long-term rehabilitation training and helps enhance the sustainability of conditioning.

[0044] S3, Virtual Target Dynamic Rendering Output Stage Based on the refractive principle of virtual image imaging in optical systems, the current refractive power value D(t) is converted into the virtual image depth S(t), which can be expressed by an approximate relationship using a thin lens:

[0045] When the refractive power value D(t) is not zero, the virtual image depth S(t) can be calculated directly and accurately. However, when D(t) = 0, in order to avoid mathematical singularities causing divergence in depth calculation and to ensure that the optical engine focus is consistent with the display target, the system defines the virtual image depth S(t) as an equivalent far-distance virtual image depth of 10 meters, so that the relaxed state in the optical physiological sense is consistent with the far-distance perception presented by the visual target display.

[0046] The virtual camera perspective parameters are updated in real time based on the virtual image depth S(t), and the training target with realistic depth changes is rendered by the GPU. This makes the target appear to move closer or further away in the display screen. When combined with the adjustment of the binocular rendering parameters, the binocular parallax is kept consistent with the optical focus, thereby avoiding accommodation and convergence conflicts.

[0047] Rendering perspective parameters are a set of image rendering control parameters used to ensure that the virtual image depth and optical focus are strictly consistent. They include at least virtual image depth parameters, projection and viewpoint parameters, geometric distortion compensation parameters, aberration compensation parameters, and binocular stereo vision parameters.

[0048] The virtual image depth parameter calculates the virtual image depth S(t) and weights the depth levels to ensure the target is presented on a plane consistent with the optical focus. Projection parameters include the field of view, projection matrix, and observation matrix, ensuring the target seen by the user has a three-dimensional geometric relationship conforming to natural perspective. Geometric distortion compensation parameters and aberration compensation parameters update the distortion coefficients, aberration compensation functions, and optical axis offset based on the real-time position of the hybrid optical system, preventing non-physiological geometric distortions in the image during lens movement. In binocular training mode, rendering perspective parameters further include independent projection matrices for the left and right eyes, interpupillary distance parameters, and binocular fusion factors to ensure that the virtual image depth and optical focus of each eye are synchronized, thereby achieving independent refractive accommodation training.

[0049] To enhance the adjustment capabilities, the system can apply depth-of-field blur prompts based on the user's current image sharpness, ensuring that the user can only obtain a clear image through active adjustment.

[0050] S4, Focusing command executed After calculating the virtual image depth and diopter target sequence, the focusing execution phase begins. During training, the corresponding target diopter training sequence D(t) is continuously invoked. Based on the precise mapping relationship between diopter, hybrid optical system displacement, and stepper motor steps established during the factory calibration phase, the target diopter value at each moment is converted into the corresponding motor step command N(t) in real time. This step is then further quantified into a micrometer-level displacement of the hybrid optical system along the optical axis by the focusing mechanism, thereby achieving continuous change of optical focal length over time.

[0051] Specifically, based on the target refractive power D(t) and the current refractive power D(t) 1) The difference is used to calculate the step difference ΔN to be output: ΔN = N(t) N(t 1).

[0052] Furthermore, based on the acceleration variation characteristics of the focusing mechanism during nonlinear transmission, a pulse drive sequence that conforms to the working law of the stepper motor is automatically generated. This pulse drive sequence adopts a speed control strategy of starting from low speed, accelerating to constant speed, and then gradually decelerating, so that the displacement process of the optical lens group along the optical axis presents a smooth and continuous motion curve, avoiding the sudden impact on the ciliary muscle caused by the lens adjustment command changing too quickly due to instantaneous displacement.

[0053] The focusing mechanism converts the angular displacement of the stepper motor into linear displacement of the optical lenses with sub-millimeter precision, allowing the effective focal length of the hybrid optical system to change continuously over time. As the lens group moves forward or backward, the system's optical power... Continuous and controllable changes can be achieved within the range of 2.5D to +2.5D, forming a realistic regulatory stimulus.

[0054] Throughout the focusing process, a safety control strategy centered on refractive power velocity constraints is employed. This involves real-time constraint that the rate of refractive change does not exceed a safety threshold, thus satisfying the required safety conditions.

[0055] in The safety threshold is determined based on ophthalmic physiology.

[0056] For example, safety thresholds during youth training. The rate of change can be preferably limited to the range of 0.05D / s to 0.5D / s to ensure that the rate of change does not exceed the normal accommodative capacity of the ciliary muscle. Based on the above formula, when the refractive rate of change is monitored, if the refractive stimulation is too rapid and may cause accommodative system imbalance, accommodative spasm, or visual discomfort, the driving rate can be slowed down in time to actively avoid eye fatigue and training injury.

[0057] This step establishes a complete transmission link from physical drive to optical response and then to physiological training stimulation, making optical focusing the central link of the vision rehabilitation effect of this invention. Its significance lies not only in the change of lens position, but also in the formation of an unavoidable accommodative load, which in turn triggers the eye accommodation system to perform functional remodeling in the direction of rehabilitation.

[0058] S5, Optical focus and virtual image depth synchronization The main controller synchronizes the optical actuators and the virtual display rendering system through a unified system time base, ensuring consistent response at the millisecond level. When a diopter change command is issued, the main controller sends corresponding displacement pulses to the stepper motors to move the focusing lens along the optical axis. Simultaneously, it transmits the target virtual image depth parameters to the image display module in real time. Based on the conversion relationship between diopter and imaging depth, it adjusts the perspective projection matrix and binocular parallax parameters of the virtual camera, so that the target seen by the user presents a realistic depth effect in space consistent with the current optical focus.

[0059] To ensure this consistency, a depth synchronization error control model is used to denot the actual imaging position corresponding to the optical focus as... The virtual image depth rendering value is denoted as S(t). The system detects in real time whether the difference between the two is not higher than the set error range, i.e., the detection... ,in, The preferred error range is no more than 0.1 meters, which is physiologically negligible.

[0060] Under this error constraint, even during rapid dynamic refractive training, the target position perceived by the user still strictly matches the position that the eye should focus on, making it impossible for the ciliary muscle to avoid accommodation through visual psychological strategies. This ensures that the ciliary muscle must perform real refractive accommodation to obtain a clear image.

[0061] The synchronization mechanism avoids the phenomenon of "only the virtual image changes while the focal length remains unchanged" that is common in traditional VR amblyopia and myopia training technologies. Such false depth changes often cause accommodation and convergence conflicts, causing the brain to suppress the eye accommodation system to avoid fatigue, resulting in a loss of training effect.

[0062] By strictly corresponding the actual optical movement with the visual depth, the focal point moves forward synchronously when the target is close and backward synchronously when the target is far away. Each frame constitutes an adjustment target with clear instructions to the ciliary muscle, enabling the eye accommodation system to form a typical "movement and response" relationship. Regardless of the user's subjective will, it will inevitably activate the tension adjustment of the lens suspensory ligament and the contraction and relaxation process of the ciliary muscle, thus forming a true accommodation training closed loop.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, a high-precision optomechanical position coding feedback mechanism is adopted. Real-time position sampling data is obtained for each lens group displacement. The main controller uses this data to continuously correct the focusing execution state, so that the virtual image depth and optical focus can quickly return to consistency when any transient error occurs, providing a seamless, accurate and stable refractive adjustment environment for the entire training cycle.

[0064] Through this dual-synchronization strategy of optical mechanism and rendering, the present invention effectively improves the physiological realism and visual consistency of accommodation training, so that the training is not only limited to the visual viewing level, but also substantially induces and strengthens the functional activity of the eye accommodation muscle group, thereby achieving scientific rehabilitation of pseudomyopia and accommodation dysfunction.

[0065] S6, Cognitive Participation Regulation Driver While performing dynamic diopter adjustment and synchronous changes in virtual image depth, the main controller presents a visual target containing details that are difficult to discern to the micro-display. The visual target can be a high spatial frequency pattern, a low-contrast detail symbol, or a visual phenotypic character, so that the user can only correctly identify the target and make a visual response if they actively adjust their ciliary muscle to achieve accurate focus.

[0066] As the refractive power D(t) changes, the main controller continuously monitors the sharp recovery time required for the user to identify the visual target. This reflects the user's adjustment response speed and further calculates their adjustment response speed. Its expression is:

[0067] When the user's accommodation is insufficient, the visual target appears blurry, which significantly reduces the recognition accuracy. This forces the user to have a visual need for clear imaging, causing the ciliary muscle to actively participate in the accommodation process.

[0068] To achieve real-time quantification of changes in regulation capacity, a regulation lag is introduced. Its expression is:

[0069] Where R(t) is the actual refractive adjustment value physiologically achieved by the user at that moment.

[0070] Adjust the reaction rate Adjusting the lag The feedback is used to perform target refractive power sequence using an adaptive adjustment model. Adaptive adjustment and update.

[0071] The adaptive adjustment model is expressed as follows:

[0072] in, , These are the weight coefficients obtained by fitting the accumulated data during the training phase.

[0073] This algorithm achieves autonomous training rhythm optimization based on user adjustment performance, matching the intensity of adjustment stimulation with the user's ability, thus avoiding both over-adjustment leading to fatigue or spasms and insufficient stimulation reducing the rehabilitation effect.

[0074] By constructing a model based on the adjusted hysteresis , Adjusting the reaction rate The adaptive training algorithm continuously adjusts the refractive error curve during training, achieving truly personalized training. This mechanism allows the ciliary muscle to receive the most suitable continuous stimulation within a safe range, significantly improving training effectiveness and overcoming the problems of insufficient training or excessive stimulation caused by fixed training programs in existing technologies.

[0075] By collecting users' visual responses in real time, the accommodative behavior is no longer driven solely by the system, but rather by cognitive engagement that triggers active excitation of the eye's accommodative system, making the accommodative behavior during training purposeful and involving the nervous system.

[0076] Compared to existing VR vision training devices that rely solely on near and far stimuli from images, this invention, for the first time, requires users to "actively adjust their eyes to see clearly," eliminating the brain's inhibitory regulatory pathways caused by passive visual viewing in the past. This activates the ciliary muscle control neural circuit, enabling the regulatory system to be in an active working state when participating in tasks, significantly improving regulatory sensitivity, regulatory reaction speed, and regulatory sustainability.

[0077] S7, Training Cycle and Safety Control Phase During the entire round of refractive stimulation, if the response speed is adjusted... The speed remains below the preset reference value or the adjustment lag is significant. When the refractive error persists above the allowable threshold, it is determined that the current refractive change is too drastic for the user, and the parameters of the training mode need to be adjusted. Different training modes employ different adaptive adjustment methods, as detailed below: (1) Adaptive adjustment in the step training mode: correspondingly extend the dwell time and reduce the refractive power in the next step to increase the step. Or cancel it, which is beneficial for children and beginners to gradually establish a regulatory foundation.

[0078] (2) Adaptive adjustment in ramp training mode: Adjust the ramp slope to make the refractive change smoother; adjust the reaction speed Adjusting the lag After improvement, the slope will automatically increase, thus increasing the training intensity; it is particularly effective for those with lag in adjustment and slow adjustment response.

[0079] (3) Adaptive adjustment in sinusoidal training mode: Under the premise of keeping the sinusoidal change form unchanged, the amplitude A is automatically reduced and / or the frequency f is reduced, thereby significantly reducing the amount and speed of refractive change per unit time, so that the intensity of refractive stimulation is rematched with the user's immediate adjustment ability.

[0080] After the training cycle ends, drive the movable lens mount back to the optical reference position and restore the virtual image depth to a distance field of view of more than 10m, allowing the ciliary muscle to fully relax and complete the recovery.

[0081] Example 2 Based on Example 1, the main controller comprehensively considers the physiological response mechanism of the ocular accommodation system and the refractive difference characteristics of the two eyes, and couples the cognitive feedback accommodation closed loop and the binocular differential accommodation closed loop to form a dual closed loop training system based on active cognitive participation and individualized refractive difference adaptive control.

[0082] Specifically, the main controller, while dynamically outputting refractive changes and synchronously presenting virtual image depth, also monitors the user's performance in recognizing high spatial frequency targets, obtaining adjustment feedback parameters, including sharpness recovery time. and adjustment lag Based on this, the actual refractive accommodation value achieved by the user can be inferred. This allows for dynamic and quantitative evaluation of the authenticity of regulatory behavior.

[0083] At the same time, the main controller introduces binocular refractive difference. This method is used to visualize the differences in accommodative amplitude, accommodative response speed, and accommodative accuracy between the two eyes in real time, and to use these differences as the decisive basis for updating subsequent training stimulus strategies.

[0084] During this training process, if the weaker eye exhibits a lower accommodative response speed or significant accommodative lag, the main controller will apply a stronger refractive accommodative load to that eye through an adaptive training model, causing its refractive change amplitude and rhythm to be corrected upwards. Meanwhile, the dominant eye will prevent it from completing the accommodative task for the weaker eye when necessary by weakening visual details or reducing the difficulty of accommodation, thereby effectively avoiding poor neural adaptation of monocular dominant imaging.

[0085] The adaptive training model updates the refractive target values ​​of the left and right eyes in real time. The functional expression of the adaptive training model in this embodiment is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] in , These represent accommodative lag in both eyes, , This indicates the adjustment of the reaction rate index. , , These are the adaptive control coefficients.

[0088] The aforementioned update function not only utilizes cognitive feedback to achieve precise control of accommodative function, but also guides the accommodative ability of the weaker eye to continuously approach that of the dominant eye through the refractive difference parameter, thereby achieving symmetrical reconstruction of ocular accommodative function.

[0089] This dual-loop coupling control mechanism ensures that users must rely on binocular coordination to obtain clear images throughout the training process. It completely eliminates the situation in traditional virtual vision training where only the dominant eye performs the adjustment action while the weaker eye passively follows, thus fully activating and continuously enhancing the adjustment drive ability of the weaker eye.

[0090] This invention, through behavioral stimulation of the ocular accommodation system, visual cognitive feedback, and dynamic correction of refractive differences between the left and right eyes, enables the neurovisual accommodation pathway to adaptively return to a balanced state during rehabilitation training. This fundamentally improves binocular accommodative inequality, low accommodative responsiveness, and the resulting visual fatigue and amblyopia. It is particularly suitable for early intervention of myopia in adolescents, binocular accommodation dysfunction, and amblyopia rehabilitation.

[0091] Example 3 like Figure 2 As shown, a VR vision training method system based on dynamic refractive adjustment includes a hybrid optical system, a focusing mechanism, a microdisplay 1, and a main controller. The main controller is connected to the microdisplay 1 and the focusing mechanism, and is used to collect information and control the display of the microdisplay 1 and the movement of the focusing mechanism to achieve synchronous coordination of image display and refractive adjustment.

[0092] like Figure 3 As shown, the hybrid optical system is composed of four glass lenses and two plastic lenses, specifically including a first glass aspherical lens 2, a first plastic aspherical lens 3, a second plastic aspherical lens 4, a third plastic aspherical lens 5, a second glass aspherical lens 6, and a fourth plastic aspherical lens 7 arranged sequentially along the display direction of the micro display screen 1.

[0093] The hybrid optical system receives and relays the image light emitted by the miniature display screen 1, forming a virtual image with a field of view of 60°×60° and a virtual image distance of 10 meters when the system diopter is 0D.

[0094] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the focusing mechanism includes a drive gear 8, a driven gear 9, an outer wheel 10, an inner wheel 11, and a movable lens mount 12. The hybrid optical system is disposed inside the movable lens mount 12, which is connected to the outer wheel 10. The outer wheel 10 is sleeved with the inner wheel 11. The inner wheel 11 is used to mount the micro-display screen 1. The driven gear 9 is disposed on the outer wheel 10, and the driven gear 9 meshes with the drive gear 8, which is driven to rotate by a stepper motor.

[0095] Through the cooperation between the high-precision stepper motor and the focusing mechanism, the stepper motor drives the drive gear 8 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven gear 9 to rotate. The outer wheel 10 converts the rotational motion into linear displacement, thereby causing the movable lens mount 12 to move the hybrid optical system along the optical axis to change the optical power of the hybrid optical system and achieve continuous and precise adjustment of the diopter in the range of -2.5D to +2.5D.

[0096] The main controller is configured to implement the VR vision training method of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. Specifically, the main controller generates a target refractive power sequence D(t) that changes over time according to the training mode, and converts the target refractive power into a displacement control command for the focusing mechanism, so that the optical power of the hybrid optical system changes over time; determines the virtual image depth based on the target refractive power and adjusts the rendering perspective parameters of the micro-display 1 to keep the virtual image depth synchronized with the optical focus; obtains the user's accommodation performance by displaying visual targets with difficulty in detail recognition, so as to obtain accommodation speed parameters and accommodation hysteresis parameters that reflect accommodation ability; and adaptively adjusts the target refractive power sequence based on the accommodation speed parameters and accommodation hysteresis parameters, thereby forming a vision training closed loop driven by real optical focus changes and cognitive feedback.

[0097] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A VR vision training method based on dynamic accommodation, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: At the beginning of the training, the main controller performs initialization on the focusing mechanism, makes the hybrid optical system in the optical reference position, and controls the display module to present the position corresponding to the far virtual image; The main controller obtains the target refractive power sequence according to the pre-set or adaptively generated refractive power change trajectory, synchronously updates the virtual image depth according to the change of the refractive power, and adjusts the rendering perspective parameters of the display content in real time, so that the virtual image depth is consistent with the optical focus; Convert the target refractive power value into a displacement control instruction for driving the focusing mechanism, so that the optical power of the hybrid optical system changes over time; wherein the focusing mechanism performs real-time focusing of the hybrid optical system according to the refractive change rate constraint throughout the training process, so that the user completes the active adjustment training under the synchronous change of the optical power and the virtual image depth; During the change of the optical power, guide the user to perform eye active adjustment by displaying visual targets with difficulty in detail recognition, and calculate the adjustment response speed and adjustment lag of the user based on the recognition performance of the user on the visual targets; The main controller adaptively adjusts and updates the subsequent target refractive power sequence according to the adjustment response speed and adjustment lag, so as to generate a training stimulus matched with the user's adjustment ability.

2. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method of claim 1, wherein, The refractive power change trajectory includes step, slope or sine type; The step refractive power change trajectory corresponds to the step training mode, and the expression of the target refractive power sequence D(t) in the step training mode is: wherein, is a set initial reference diopter, is a diopter step, k is a training step number; The slope type diopter change trajectory corresponds to the slope training mode, and the expression of the target diopter sequence D(t) in the slope training mode is: wherein, is a set initial reference diopter, is a set maximum diopter change range, T is a change period; The sine refractive power change trajectory corresponds to the sine training mode, and the expression of the target refractive power sequence D(t) in the sine training mode is: wherein, is a set initial reference diopter, is a range of accommodation, is an oscillation frequency.

3. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method of claim 1, wherein, The relationship between the refractive power and the virtual image depth is expressed as follows: The rendering perspective parameters include one or more of the virtual image depth parameters, the projection and viewing angle parameters, the geometric distortion compensation parameters, the aberration compensation parameters, and the binocular stereoscopic vision parameters.

4. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method of claim 1, wherein, The displacement control instruction is generated based on the mapping relationship between the calibrated refractive power, the displacement of the hybrid optical system, and the step motor step number, and the specific process is as follows: Based on the mapping relationship, according to the difference between the target diopter D(t) and the current diopter D(t 1), the step motor should output the step difference ΔN, and the corresponding pulse driving sequence is generated for focusing operation, the pulse driving sequence adopts the speed control strategy of starting from low speed, accelerating to uniform speed, and gradually decelerating, wherein during the focusing operation, a safety threshold of diopter change is set to limit the diopter change rate below the safety threshold .

5. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method of claim 1, wherein, The visual target is one or more of high spatial frequency patterns, low contrast detail symbols, or visual table characters.

6. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method of claim 1, wherein, The reaction rate is adjusted The clear recovery time required by the user to identify the corresponding visual target Determination, the expression is: the amount of the adjustment lag The expression is: Wherein, R(t) is the actual refractive adjustment value realized by the user at this moment.

7. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method of claim 6, wherein, The target refractive power sequence D(t) is adaptively adjusted based on an adaptive adjustment model, and the function expression of the adaptive adjustment model is: wherein, is the adjustment of the lag coefficient, is the adjustment of the reaction speed coefficient, is the adjustment of the lag amount, is the adjustment of the reaction speed.

8. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method of claim 7, wherein, Setting binocular refractive difference based on user's recognition performance of visual target with binocular vision According to the accommodation lag and accommodation response speed of left and right eyes, the binocular refractive target is updated differently to promote the balance of binocular accommodation ability. The left eye target refractive power sequence D(t) update formula is: wherein, is the current target refraction for the left eye, is the accommodation lag amount for the left eye, is the accommodation lag coefficient for the left eye, is the accommodation response speed for the left eye, is the accommodation response speed coefficient for the left eye, is the binocular refractive difference coefficient; The right eye target refractive power sequence D(t) update formula is: wherein, is the current target refraction of the right eye, is the accommodation lag of the right eye, is the accommodation lag coefficient of the right eye, is the accommodation response speed of the right eye, is the accommodation response speed coefficient of the right eye, is the binocular refractive difference coefficient.

9. A dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method system, characterized in that, For implementing the VR vision training method based on dynamic refractive adjustment according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising: A display module for presenting a virtual training target; A hybrid optical system connected with the focusing mechanism, the hybrid optical system is driven by the focusing mechanism to move along the optical axis to change the system optical power; A main controller connected with the focusing mechanism and the display module, for driving the focusing mechanism and controlling the display module output display, the main controller is configured to: According to the training mode, a target dioptric power sequence changing over time is generated, and the target dioptric power is converted into a displacement control instruction of a focusing mechanism, so that the optical power of the hybrid optical system changes over time; According to the target dioptric power, a virtual image depth is determined, and a rendering perspective parameter of a display module is adjusted, so that the virtual image depth is synchronized with the optical focus; By displaying visual targets with difficulty in detail recognition, the accommodation performance of the user is obtained, so as to obtain an accommodation speed parameter and an accommodation lag parameter reflecting the accommodation ability; Based on the accommodation speed parameter and the accommodation lag parameter, the target dioptric power sequence is adaptively adjusted, so as to form a vision training closed loop based on real optical focus change and cognitive feedback driving.

10. The dynamic accommodation-based VR vision training method system of claim 9, wherein, The display module is a micro display screen. The hybrid optical system comprises, in sequence along the display direction of the micro display screen, a first glass aspherical lens, a first plastic aspherical lens, a second plastic aspherical lens, a third plastic aspherical lens, a second glass aspherical lens, and a fourth plastic aspherical lens. The focusing mechanism comprises a driving gear, a driven gear, an outer wheel, an inner wheel, and a moving lens holder. The moving lens holder is internally configured with the hybrid optical system. The moving lens holder is connected with the outer wheel. The outer wheel is sleeved with the inner wheel. The inner wheel is used for mounting the micro display screen. The outer wheel is configured with the driven gear. The driven gear is engaged with the driving gear. The driving gear is driven to rotate by a stepping motor.

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