Comprehensive protection and management system and method for full life cycle of cultural relics

Abstract

The invention provides a cultural relic full life cycle comprehensive protection management system and method, and relates to the technical field of cultural relic protection. The system comprises an environment perception sensing network, a cultural relic basic attribute database, a central management and control service platform and an environment regulation and control execution terminal. The environment perception sensing network collects microenvironment parameters of a physical space where the cultural relic is located in real time; and the central management and control service platform updates the virtual aging state of the cultural relic in real time by using the full-life-cycle digital twinning construction unit, and calculates an environmental stress accumulated value and an accumulated fatigue index through the accumulated fatigue damage simulation unit. And when a circulation request is monitored, the circulation space homogenization control strategy generation unit generates a control instruction containing a lossless slowly changing curve in combination with the fatigue index. And the environment regulation and control execution terminal responds to the instruction, pre-regulates the environment to a homogenized state before the cultural relic enters the target space, and gradually regulates the environment to preset parameters according to the curve. According to the method, quantitative evaluation of cultural relic environment stress and lossless transition protection of a circulation process are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of preventive protection and digital management technology for cultural relics, and in particular to a comprehensive protection management system and method for the entire life cycle of cultural relics. Background Technology

[0002] Current cultural relic conservation management primarily relies on environmental monitoring equipment and temperature and humidity control facilities. These facilities maintain a relatively stable preservation environment by setting fixed temperature and humidity thresholds. Alarms are triggered or control equipment is activated if monitored values ​​exceed these limits. This management model focuses on instantaneous monitoring of the environmental state, aiming to ensure the relic remains within a generally safe range, playing a fundamental role in maintaining a relatively stable preservation environment. However, the aging and damage of cultural relic materials is a long-term, cumulative physicochemical process. Simply relying on instantaneous environmental parameter monitoring cannot fully reflect the true internal health condition of the relic. Although environmental parameters may remain within permissible ranges, high-frequency, minute fluctuations within this range can still generate cyclic stress within the relic, leading to the continuous accumulation of material fatigue damage. Existing conservation systems lack quantitative assessment methods for this cumulative fatigue damage, making it difficult to dynamically adjust current conservation strategies based on the total stress experienced by the relic throughout its history.

[0003] Meanwhile, existing monitoring methods mostly collect macroscopic environmental data, which differs from the microenvironment of the artifact's surface, resulting in inaccurate data mapping. During the transfer of artifacts between loan exhibitions, external exhibitions, or storage and exhibition halls, different physical spaces typically exhibit varying environmental parameters. Traditional transfer operations often involve directly placing artifacts into transport boxes or display cases with pre-set standard parameters; this abrupt environmental change can subject the artifacts to instantaneous heat and humidity shocks. For ancient or fragile artifacts, even if the target environment meets preservation standards, the rapid environmental transition itself can induce microcrack propagation or surface peeling. Current technology lacks a solution that can automatically generate and execute a smooth transition environmental control strategy based on the artifact's accumulated fatigue level. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive protection and management system and method for cultural relics throughout their entire life cycle, in order to solve the problems pointed out in the background art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics, comprising an environmental sensing network, a database of basic attributes of cultural relics, a central management and service platform, and an environmental control execution terminal; the environmental sensing network is configured to collect the current micro-environmental parameters of the physical space where the cultural relic is currently located in real time; the database of basic attributes of cultural relics is configured to store the identification information and physical material characteristics data of the cultural relic; characterized in that the central management and service platform is configured with a digital twin construction unit for the entire life cycle, a cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit, and a homogenized control strategy generation unit for circulation space; The full life cycle digital twin construction unit is configured to construct a virtual digital twin of the cultural relic based on the physical material characteristic data, and to update the virtual aging state of the virtual digital twin in real time using dynamic modeling technology according to the time series data of the current microenvironment parameters. The cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit is configured to calculate the cumulative environmental stress value of the cultural relic over a historical period based on the virtual aging state and a preset material stress model, and generate a cumulative fatigue index accordingly. The homogenization control strategy generation unit for the circulation space is configured to obtain preset environmental parameters of the target circulation space when a request for the location of a cultural relic is detected, and generate an environmental homogenization transition control instruction based on the current microenvironment parameters and the cumulative fatigue index. The environmental control execution terminal is configured to respond to the environmental homogenization transition control command, pre-adjust the environmental parameters of the target circulation space to a homogenized state consistent with the current microenvironment parameters before the cultural relic enters the target circulation space, and gradually adjust it to the preset environmental parameters according to the preset non-destructive gradual change curve after the cultural relic enters; the homogenized state means that the deviation between the environmental parameters of the target circulation space and the current microenvironment parameters is within the preset safety tolerance range.

[0006] Optionally, the environmental sensing network includes contact-type micro-sensors, non-contact proximity probes, and a space environment monitoring base station; the contact-type micro-sensors are used to collect micro-environmental data of the surface of the accessible cultural relic; the non-contact proximity probes are configured to collect micro-environmental data of the surface of the fragile cultural relic in a non-contact hovering manner; the sensors transmit data to the central control service platform via a low-power Internet of Things protocol; the space environment monitoring base station is used to monitor the macro-environmental data of the space where the cultural relic is located; the central control service platform corrects the boundary conditions of the virtual digital twin by comparing the micro-environmental data with the macro-environmental data.

[0007] Optionally, the specific steps for the flow space homogenization control strategy generation unit to generate the lossless gradual change curve include: Set the current microenvironment parameters as the starting control point of the curve; Set the preset environmental parameters of the target flow space as the termination control point of the curve; Read the cumulative fatigue index and use the inverse proportional function algorithm to calculate the maximum rate of environmental change that the current state of the cultural relic can withstand. Using the maximum environmental change rate as a constraint, a smooth transition trajectory connecting the starting control point and the ending control point is generated using cubic spline interpolation, which serves as the lossless gradual change curve.

[0008] Optionally, the cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit further includes a multiphysics coupling analysis module; the multiphysics coupling analysis module is configured to simulate the coupling effect of temperature field, humidity field and photothermal effect caused by light radiation on the surface of the virtual digital twin; when high-frequency fluctuations of the current microenvironment parameters are detected, the multiphysics coupling analysis module automatically improves the mesh generation accuracy of the dynamic modeling to capture micro-stress concentration areas.

[0009] Optionally, the environmental control execution terminal includes an intelligent constant temperature and humidity cabinet, a mobile cultural relic transport box environmental control system, and an exhibition hall precision air conditioning system; the environmental homogenization transition control instruction includes PID control parameters for different environmental control execution terminals; during the execution of the adjustment, the environmental control execution terminal feeds back the adjustment deviation value to the central control service platform in real time, and the circulation space homogenization control strategy generation unit dynamically corrects the slope of the lossless gradual change curve according to the adjustment deviation value.

[0010] Optionally, the system further includes a blockchain evidence storage and traceability module; the blockchain evidence storage and traceability module is configured to perform hash operations on the virtual aging state, the cumulative fatigue index, and the environmental homogenization transition control instructions to generate data fingerprints, and broadcast the data fingerprints to consortium blockchain nodes for consensus storage, forming an immutable environmental stress log of the entire life cycle of cultural relics.

[0011] Optionally, the central control service platform is also connected to a three-dimensional visualization interactive terminal; the three-dimensional visualization interactive terminal is configured to render and display the virtual digital twin, and to overlay the high-risk fatigue area calculated by the cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit onto the surface of the virtual digital twin in the form of a heat map; the three-dimensional visualization interactive terminal is also configured to pre-simulate the adjustment process of the non-destructive gradual change curve before the cultural relic is transferred.

[0012] Optionally, the system also has a preventive maintenance early warning function; when the cumulative fatigue index exceeds the first safety threshold, the central control service platform automatically locks the approval authority of the location transfer request and generates a mandatory repair suggestion; when the cumulative fatigue index exceeds the second safety threshold, the system automatically triggers the environmental control execution terminal to enter the emergency protection mode and locks the environmental parameters at the minimum stress state.

[0013] Optionally, the full lifecycle digital twin construction unit adopts an incremental update strategy; the incremental update strategy means that the dynamic modeling operation is triggered only when the change of the current microenvironment parameter exceeds the preset dead zone threshold, and the operation result is written as incremental data into the cultural relic basic attribute database to reduce the computational load of the system; the preset dead zone threshold is configured based on the environmental sensitivity parameters corresponding to the physical material characteristics of the cultural relic stored in the cultural relic basic attribute database.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a comprehensive protection and management method for cultural relics throughout their entire life cycle, based on the system described in any one of the first aspects, comprising the following steps: The current micro-environment parameters of cultural relics are collected in real time through an environmental sensing network and transmitted to the central control and service platform. Using a full lifecycle digital twin building unit, a virtual digital twin is constructed based on physical material characteristic data, and dynamic modeling is performed according to the current microenvironment parameters to update the virtual aging state; The cumulative fatigue index of the cultural relic is calculated based on the virtual aging state using the cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit. When a request for the transfer of a cultural relic is received, the transfer space homogenization control strategy generation unit is used to generate an environmental homogenization transition control command containing a lossless gradual change curve, in combination with the cumulative fatigue index. The environmental control execution terminal responds to the instruction and pre-adjusts the environmental parameters to a homogeneous state consistent with the current microenvironment parameters before the cultural relic arrives at the target circulation space. After the cultural relic enters, it gradually adjusts the parameters to the target preset value according to the non-destructive gradual change curve.

[0015] The present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: This invention achieves dynamic quantitative assessment of the health status of cultural relics by constructing a full life-cycle digital twin model and a cumulative fatigue damage simulation mechanism. The system no longer merely focuses on whether current environmental parameters exceed standards, but can calculate and track the cumulative stress on cultural relics caused by environmental fluctuations over historical periods. By transforming environmental data into a visualized cumulative fatigue index, managers can more intuitively grasp the vulnerability of cultural relics, thereby developing more targeted protection plans and realizing a shift from passive monitoring to proactive preventative management.

[0016] The homogenized control strategy for the transfer space and the non-destructive gradual change curve generation technology proposed in this invention effectively solve the problem of environmental impact when cultural relics are transferred between different physical spaces. The system automatically calculates the maximum allowable rate of environmental change based on the real-time fatigue state of the cultural relic. Before the relic enters the new environment, it performs homogenized pre-adjustment through the execution terminal, and then transitions smoothly according to a curve after entry, eliminating the risk of stress damage caused by abrupt environmental changes. This mechanism, which dynamically adjusts the rate of environmental change based on the health condition of the cultural relic, completes the transfer of physical space while ensuring the safety of the relic, thus improving the level of refined management of cultural relics.

[0017] The incremental update strategy and multiphysics coupling analysis technology employed in this invention reduce the computational load of the system while ensuring simulation accuracy, making real-time digital twin monitoring of large-scale cultural relic groups possible. By combining a hierarchical sensing network of miniature attached sensors and space base stations, the system can more accurately capture changes in the microenvironment acting on the cultural relics themselves, correcting deviations in macroscopic monitoring data and providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent stress analysis. The application of a blockchain-based evidence storage and traceability module ensures the authenticity and immutability of the environmental stress log throughout its entire lifecycle, providing strong support for defining responsibilities for cultural relic protection and tracing historical events.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture and data flow of a comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a comprehensive protection and management method for cultural relics throughout their entire life cycle, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the comprehensive cultural relic protection and management system for the entire life cycle provided in this embodiment consists of four main parts at the hardware level: an environmental sensing network, a central control and service platform, a database of basic cultural relic attributes, and an environmental control execution terminal. These parts interact with each other via an industrial-grade Internet of Things (IoT) based on the TCP / IP protocol suite. For mobile scenarios, a dual-redundancy design using 5G and satellite communication modules ensures the real-time performance and integrity of data transmission.

[0023] The environmental sensing network is configured to collect real-time micro-environmental parameters of the physical space where the cultural relic is located. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional wall-mounted sensors that cannot accurately reflect the micro-environment of the cultural relic itself, this system adopts a hierarchical sensing architecture, which includes a first-level miniature attached sensor and a second-level spatial environment monitoring base station.

[0024] The environmental sensing network comprises contact-type microsensors and non-contact proximity probes. The contact-type microsensors are manufactured using MEMS technology, with their physical dimensions strictly controlled at the millimeter level. Using flexible polyimide as the substrate material, they possess excellent biocompatibility and are acid-free, allowing them to be installed on the base of artifacts or inside specialized cases via electrostatic adsorption. For inaccessible precious artifacts, non-contact proximity probes are used, suspended 3-5 mm from the surface of the artifact via a micro-support to collect micro-environment data through non-contact proximity measurement. These sensors integrate high-precision temperature, humidity, and illuminance sensing units, as well as a triaxial acceleration sensing unit. The temperature sensing unit uses platinum resistance thin-film technology, achieving a measurement accuracy of ±0.1℃; the humidity sensing unit uses interdigitated capacitive humidity sensors, with a response time of less than five seconds to relative humidity. The sensor incorporates an ultra-low-power microcontroller and power management module, supporting environmental micro-energy harvesting technology, such as using weak light energy from the exhibition hall or vibration energy from transportation for power replenishment. Combined with a micro solid-state battery, it enables long-term maintenance-free operation.

[0025] The aforementioned spatial environment monitoring base station is deployed in the macroscopic physical space where the cultural relics are located, including but not limited to the interior of independent display cases in museum exhibition halls, the dense shelving areas of underground storage facilities, the area around workbenches in cultural relic restoration rooms, and the internal cavity of mobile intelligent cultural relic transport boxes. The spatial environment monitoring base station possesses stronger data processing capabilities and communication bandwidth. It is responsible for collecting average temperature, average humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration, and ultraviolet radiation intensity in the macroscopic space. It also acts as an edge gateway for miniature attached sensors, responsible for aggregating microscopic data and performing preliminary timestamp alignment and outlier filtering.

[0026] The cultural relic basic attribute database is built on a high-performance distributed storage cluster and configured to store massive amounts of data on the entire lifecycle of cultural relics. This database stores the identification information of cultural relics, such as unique identification codes, names, ages, excavation locations, and historical transfer records, as well as management metadata. It also stores the physical material properties of the relics. Specifically, this data includes the material's density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, coefficient of linear expansion, coefficient of hygroscopic expansion, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, tensile strength, and the stress-life curve (SN curve). It is important to note that, considering the non-renewable and non-destructive nature of cultural relics, the SN curve in the physical material property data is not obtained through destructive fatigue testing of the relic itself, but rather through an equivalent mechanism combining standard sample mapping and non-destructive testing correction. The system database pre-contains a baseline SN curve library covering standard materials such as bronze, Xuan paper, ancient silk, and aged cypress wood (this library is based on destructive testing of non-critical fragments of the same age and craftsmanship). During the artifact documentation stage, a portable ultrasonic flaw detector and a micro Raman spectrometer are used to perform non-contact testing on the artifact itself, obtaining its actual density distribution, surface microcrack density, and lattice aging parameters. The cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit uses these measured parameters to calculate an aging correction coefficient, reducing the order of the baseline SN curve of the standard material, thereby generating a theoretical ultimate stress model for this specific artifact. Specifically, the aging correction coefficient... (Values ​​range from 0 to 1) This is used to characterize the degree of degradation of the current mechanical properties of cultural relics materials relative to their standard intact state. The calculation model is constructed as follows: Based on this coefficient, the corrected fatigue limit strength The calculation formula is: .

[0027] in, The actual longitudinal wave velocity of the artifact body as measured by a portable ultrasonic flaw detector. The baseline longitudinal wave velocity is the same as that of the standard healthy samples of the same material stored in the database (the square ratio of the two represents the relative degradation rate of the elastic modulus). The microcrack density index is a parameter obtained through micro Raman spectroscopy analysis, which characterizes the density of microcracks on the surface of a material. A preset crack sensitivity factor (an empirical constant, for example, 1.5 for brittle ceramics) is used to adjust the weight of the effect of crack density on strength decay. The original fatigue limit strength corresponding to the SN curve of the pre-set standard sample in the database.

[0028] This approach, while ensuring the safety of the artifacts, approximates the actual mechanical fatigue characteristics of the materials to the greatest extent possible. For artifacts made of complex composite materials, the database also records detailed data on the bonding strength and interfacial thermal resistance of the interfaces between different materials.

[0029] The central control and service platform is the system's computing core and central hub, deployed on a private cloud server cluster or high-performance edge computing nodes. The platform adopts a microservice architecture, logically divided into a full lifecycle digital twin building unit, a cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit, and a homogenized control strategy generation unit for the circulation space. These units work collaboratively to transform the discrete environmental parameter time series collected by sensors into a quantitative assessment of the health status of cultural relics, and further into precise control commands for physical equipment.

[0030] The full lifecycle digital twin construction unit is responsible for establishing a virtual mirror image of the cultural relic. This unit first uses 3D scanning technology to acquire the geometric point cloud data of the relic and constructs a high-fidelity 3D mesh model. Then, based on the physical material property data in the relic's basic attribute database, it uses physical property parameterization mapping technology to assign material properties to each node of the mesh model, giving it physical responsiveness. During operation, this unit uses dynamic modeling technology to solve the heat conduction equation and the moisture diffusion equation in real time based on the time-series data of the current microenvironment parameters uploaded by the environmental sensing network. Specifically, it uses the Luikov thermo-humidity coupling differential equations, which include a phase change source term, where: Energy equation (thermal equilibrium): Mass equation (wet equilibrium): in, The volume density of cultural relic materials (unit: ); The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the material (unit: ); Thermodynamic temperature (unit: ) ), where is the temperature field variable to be solved; For time variables (unit: ); Thermal conductivity of the material (unit: ) ); The latent heat of vaporization of water (unit: ); The phase transition coefficient represents the proportion of water that undergoes a liquid-gas phase transition inside the material (value ranges from 0 to 1). Moisture content inside the material (unit: ), where is the humidity field variable to be solved; The mass diffusion coefficient of moisture within the material (unit: ). ); The soret coefficient is the hygrothermal gradient coefficient (unit: ). This characterizes the coupling effect of moisture migration driven by temperature gradient; For Hamiltonian operators, denoted as the divergence operation of spatial gradient.

[0031] The cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit, based on a virtual aging state and a pre-set material stress model, calculates the alternating stress on the artifact caused by environmental fluctuations over a historical period. It then uses the rainflow counting method to count the number of stress cycles and, combined with linear cumulative damage theory, calculates the artifact's cumulative fatigue index. The specific cumulative fatigue index... (Dimensionless) Calculated using Miner's linear cumulative damage formula: in, This represents the total number of stress amplitude levels calculated using the rainflow counting method. In the first The actual number of stress cycles experienced by the cultural relic under the stress level (obtained by rainflow counting method); The value obtained from the aforementioned modified SN curve at the 1st... The theoretical limit number of cycles required for material failure under a stress level of 1.

[0032] when When the value approaches 1.0, the system determines that the cultural relic is in a high-risk state. This index intuitively reflects the current vulnerability of the cultural relic and is a key basis for generating subsequent control strategies.

[0033] The homogenization control strategy generation unit for the transfer space is the core of the system's proactive protection. When a cultural relic needs to be transferred from one environment to another, this unit generates a homogenization transition control command for the environment, which includes homogenization pre-adjustment instructions and a lossless gradual change curve, based on the current microenvironment parameters of the cultural relic, the target environment parameters, and the cumulative fatigue index, to guide the execution terminal to perform the operation.

[0034] The environmental control execution terminals include intelligent constant temperature and humidity cabinets, environmental control systems for mobile artifact transport boxes, and precision air conditioning systems for exhibition halls. These terminals have built-in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or embedded microcontrollers (MCUs), which can parse instructions from the central platform and drive actuators such as semiconductor cooling chips, ultrasonic humidifiers, and electric heaters to achieve high-precision regulation of the microenvironment.

[0035] Furthermore, within the full lifecycle digital twin building block, the construction of the virtual digital twin is a deepening process from geometry to physics. The system first performs voxelization or tetrahedral meshing on the input 3D geometric model to generate a finite element analysis model. For thin-walled artifacts such as bronzes, the system automatically selects shell elements for meshing; for blocky artifacts such as stone carvings, solid elements are selected. The mesh density is not uniformly distributed but adaptively adjusted based on geometric curvature, automatically refining the mesh at locations with complex patterns or abrupt structural changes to ensure computational accuracy.

[0036] During the model execution phase, the environmental sensing network transmits micro-environment parameters back at a high frequency. If the system performs full finite element simulation calculations on the data at each time step, it will consume enormous computing resources, leading to system response delays and failing to meet real-time requirements. Therefore, this embodiment designs an incremental update strategy.

[0037] The core logic of the incremental update strategy lies in setting a dead zone threshold for changes in environmental parameters. This threshold is adaptively configured by the system based on the environmental sensitivity parameters of different physical material properties stored in the cultural relic basic attribute database. For example, for silk fabrics that are extremely sensitive to humidity, the relative humidity dead zone threshold is set to 0.5%; while for relatively stable ceramics, this threshold can be relaxed to 2%. The system sets a data filter at the receiving end and calculates in real time the difference between the environmental parameters collected at the current moment and the environmental parameters at the time of the last simulation calculation. Only when the absolute value of this difference exceeds the preset dead zone threshold, or when a sudden vibration or impact signal is detected, does the system determine that the environment has undergone a substantial change, thereby triggering dynamic modeling calculations.

[0038] After triggering the calculation, the system uses the current mesh state as the initial condition and loads new environmental parameters as boundary conditions onto the finite element model. The system calls the built-in thermal-humidity coupling solver and uses the finite difference method or finite volume method to iteratively solve the unsteady-state heat conduction equation and moisture diffusion equation. The solution process considers the nonlinear characteristics of material thermal properties, such as the relationship between thermal conductivity and temperature. The calculation results include the real-time temperature value, humidity value, thermal strain tensor, wet strain tensor, and total stress tensor for each mesh node. These results are written as incremental data with precise timestamps into the cultural relic's basic attribute database, forming a continuous historical record of its physical state.

[0039] Through this incremental update strategy, the system effectively filters out high-frequency, minute noise in the environment, reduces invalid computation, and enables a single server to simultaneously support real-time digital twin monitoring of tens of thousands of cultural relics, thereby improving the system's concurrent processing capabilities and practicality.

[0040] Based on this, damage to cultural relics in the natural environment is often not caused by a single factor, but rather by the coupling effect of multiple physical fields such as temperature, humidity, and light radiation. For example, for a painted wood carving, an increase in ambient temperature will accelerate the evaporation of moisture, causing the wood to shrink; at the same time, the increase in temperature itself will cause the material to expand thermally. This competitive or superimposed effect of thermal expansion and moisture shrinkage will generate complex shear stress at the interface between the painted layer and the wood core.

[0041] The multiphysics coupling analysis module built into the cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit can simultaneously handle the aforementioned complex coupling relationships. First, based on real-time temperature and humidity field data and optical radiation data provided by the full life-cycle digital twin building unit, the module simulates the local temperature rise of the material caused by the photothermal effect and the resulting thermal stress. Combining the thermal expansion coefficient and hygroscopic expansion coefficient from the physical material property data, the module calculates the thermal strain and wet strain of each mesh element. Then, based on the generalized Hooke's law and the material's constitutive equations, the elastic strain and plastic strain are calculated, ultimately obtaining the equivalent von Mises stress or principal stress distribution.

[0042] To quantify the long-term impact of these stress fluctuations on cultural relics, a computational model based on fatigue damage mechanics was introduced. The system tracks the stress time history of key nodes (such as stress concentration points) in real time. Using the rainflow counting method, the complex random stress waveform is decomposed into a series of closed stress hysteresis loops. Each hysteresis loop represents a complete loading and unloading cycle, corresponding to a damage event.

[0043] For each identified stress cycle, the system extracts its stress amplitude and mean stress. The stress amplitude is corrected for mean stress using a Gumann diagram or Soderberg diagram to obtain the equivalent all-inverse stress amplitude. Subsequently, the system consults the material's S&N curve to determine the limiting cycle number required for material failure at that stress level. The amount of microscopic damage caused by this current cycle is defined as 1 divided by the limiting cycle number.

[0044] The system linearly accumulates the amount of microscopic damage caused by all stress cycles experienced by the cultural relic since its entry into storage (based on Miner's linear cumulative damage theory) to obtain the current cumulative fatigue index. This index is a dimensionless value between 0 and 1, where 0 represents that the cultural relic is in an ideal initial healthy state, and 1 represents that the cultural relic faces the critical risk of microcrack propagation or macroscopic structural failure.

[0045] To improve the accuracy of the simulation, this unit also features adaptive mesh refinement. When the multiphysics coupling analysis module detects high-frequency and severe fluctuations in environmental parameters (such as bumps during transportation or temperature and humidity fluctuations caused by air conditioning malfunctions in the exhibition hall), the system automatically identifies high stress gradient regions in the model (such as crack tips and heterogeneous material connections) and automatically refines the mesh in these regions, increasing the node density to capture transient stress peaks and prevent the omission of local damage due to an overly sparse mesh.

[0046] Furthermore, in traditional cultural relic management processes, when cultural relics are moved from space A (such as a warehouse, 18 degrees Celsius, 50% humidity) to space B (such as an exhibition hall, 22 degrees Celsius, 55% humidity), they are usually placed directly into transport boxes set with the parameters of space B. This operation generates a step-like environmental impact the moment the cultural relic comes into contact with the new environment, causing transient thermal and wet impact stresses on the surface of the cultural relic, which can easily induce microcracks.

[0047] Therefore, in this embodiment, when the system detects a request for the transfer of a cultural relic (e.g., the RFID access control system detects that the relic is about to leave the warehouse), the homogenization control strategy generation unit for the transfer space is immediately activated. This unit first obtains the preset environmental parameters (i.e., target values) of the target transfer space (e.g., the smart transport box numbered Box-007) through a network interface. Simultaneously, the unit obtains the current micro-environmental parameters (i.e., current values) and cumulative fatigue index of the cultural relic from the full lifecycle digital twin construction unit. Based on this data, the unit generates a homogenization transition control instruction. This instruction contains two stages of control logic, specifically including the following: The first stage is homogenization pre-adjustment. The system instructs the target circulation space (transport container) to temporarily ignore its default standard settings and instead adjust its internal environmental parameters to a state consistent with the current microenvironment parameters of the cultural relic. It should be noted that the consistent state (i.e., homogenization state) does not require absolute numerical equality, but rather that the deviation between the target environmental parameters and the current microenvironment parameters is within a preset safety tolerance range (e.g., temperature deviation ≤ ±0.5℃, relative humidity deviation ≤ ±2%). Only when the sensors inside the transport container have indicated that this homogenization state has been reached and stabilized will the system send a signal to the management personnel to allow loading.

[0048] The second stage is a non-destructive, gradual change. After the artifacts are packed, they need to transition from their current value to the target value. The system uses the cumulative fatigue index to calculate the maximum allowable environmental change rate for the artifacts. The algorithm model adopts a nonlinear decay function (preferably an inverse proportional function) based on fatigue correction. The material baseline change rate is derived from the safety threshold specified in the cultural relic protection industry standards (such as the "Technical Specifications for Environmental Quality Testing of Museum Collections") (e.g., 1.0 degrees Celsius per hour for lacquerware); the fatigue sensitivity coefficient is a dimensionless constant preset based on the material's brittleness characteristics (e.g., 3.0 for brittle ceramic materials and 1.5 for tough paper materials). The maximum environmental change rate is calculated using the inverse proportional function algorithm. The general mathematical model is: in, The maximum rate of change of environmental parameters allowed under the current state (e.g.) ); The baseline safe rate of change of the material under healthy conditions (e.g., as specified by industry standards). ); The fatigue sensitivity coefficient is a dimensionless constant pre-set based on the brittleness characteristics of the material (e.g., 3.0 for brittle ceramics and 1.5 for tough paper). The cumulative fatigue index is denoted as .

[0049] This model ensures that the allowable rate of environmental change, R_max, decreases non-linearly as the cumulative damage D of the artifact increases. For example, the baseline rate of change for a lacquerware artifact is 1.0℃ / h, and the sensitivity coefficient is preset to 2.0. If the artifact's current cumulative fatigue index is 0.1 (healthy state), the maximum allowable rate of change is calculated to be 1.0 / (1+2.0×0.1)≈0.83℃ / h; if the artifact is in a high fatigue state, with the index rising to 0.8, the maximum allowable rate of change is automatically limited to 1.0 / (1+2.0×0.8)≈0.38℃ / h. The system achieves the technical effect of automatically adjusting the environmental dosage based on the artifact's health condition through this dynamic calculation logic.

[0050] After determining the maximum rate of change, the system uses the current value as the starting point and the target value as the ending point, constrained by the maximum rate of change, and generates a smooth time parameter curve, i.e., a lossless gradual change curve, using cubic spline interpolation. This lossless gradual change curve is then discretized in real-time into a hardware execution sequence by the flow space homogenization control strategy generation unit. The system samples the curve with a control cycle of 500ms, generating instruction packets containing timestamps and target setpoints. These instruction packets are mapped to Modbus-TCP protocol write register instructions (Function Code 06) and directly written into the holding register of the PLC inside the environmental control execution terminal. The PLC's internal analog-to-digital converter (D / A) outputs a 0-10V analog voltage signal or a 4-20mA current signal based on the register value, linearly controlling the drive current of the semiconductor cooling chip or the opening of the humidification valve, ensuring that the trajectory of the physical environment strictly fits the mathematically calculated curve. Cubic spline interpolation ensures that the first derivative (rate of change) and the second derivative (acceleration) of the curve are continuous, thereby minimizing abrupt oscillations in the control process and achieving a flexible release of environmental pressure.

[0051] After receiving the instruction, the environmental control execution terminal starts its internal PID controller, which follows the lossless gradual change curve with extremely high precision, gradually adjusting the environmental parameters to the target value and completing the environmental transition in the process.

[0052] Furthermore, the environmental control execution terminal ultimately implements the system strategy. Taking a mobile artifact transport box as an example, this terminal integrates a semiconductor cooling and heating module, an ultrasonic atomizing humidification module, a molecular sieve dehumidification module, and a low-noise circulating fan. The high-performance microcontroller built into the terminal can analyze the complex curve instructions issued by the central platform and decompose them into millisecond-level PWM control signals to drive the actuators.

[0053] During the execution of the lossless gradual curve, the terminal collects the actual temperature and humidity inside the container in real time and calculates the deviation from the set curve. The terminal adopts a cascaded PID control algorithm, with the main loop controlling the temperature and humidity and the secondary loop controlling the current or power of the actuator, achieving rapid response and overshoot-free tracking of the target curve. Simultaneously, the terminal reports the adjustment deviation value to the central control service platform in real time. If the actual curve lags significantly due to extremely harsh external environments (such as insufficient heating capacity of the transport container in extremely cold weather), the homogeneous control strategy generation unit of the circulation space will trigger a dynamic correction mechanism to recalculate the remaining gradual curve, slowing down the target rate of change and ensuring that the control strategy always adapts to the current physical conditions, prioritizing the safety of the cultural relics.

[0054] The system also features a tiered preventative maintenance early warning mechanism. When the cumulative fatigue index exceeds the first safety threshold, the system issues a maintenance suggestion. When it exceeds the second safety threshold, the system automatically locks the artifact's transfer approval authority, forces the artifact into a static sealed maintenance state, and freezes its outbound access. When it exceeds the third safety threshold or detects a sudden environmental change, the system triggers an emergency protection mode, instructing the execution terminal to lock the environment at the safe anchor point of minimum material stress and cut off unnecessary power. Furthermore, considering potential network fluctuations during transfer, the environmental control execution terminal also incorporates a built-in communication watchdog logic. If the terminal does not receive control commands or heartbeat packets from the platform for three consecutive control cycles (e.g., 1.5 seconds), it will automatically be considered a communication interruption. In this case, the terminal will not shut down but will automatically switch to a safety maintenance mode, slowly approaching the artifact's historical average storage temperature at an extremely low rate of change (e.g., 0.1℃ / h) to prevent secondary damage caused by sudden environmental changes due to lost control signals.

[0055] To ensure the authenticity and reliability of the data, the system integrates a blockchain-based evidence storage and traceability module. This module performs hash calculations to generate data fingerprints from every virtual aging state snapshot generated by the full-lifecycle digital twin building unit, the cumulative fatigue index calculated by the cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit, and every instruction issued by the circulation space homogenization control strategy generation unit. These fingerprints are then broadcast to consortium blockchain nodes for consensus storage. Once a cultural relic is damaged, the environmental stress history throughout its entire lifecycle can be accurately reconstructed through the immutable logs on the blockchain, enabling precise identification of responsibility.

[0056] Furthermore, for paper-based calligraphy and painting artifacts, due to their significant moisture hysteresis effect—meaning the equilibrium moisture content curves of the moisture absorption and desiccation processes do not coincide—the full life-cycle digital twin building block, during modeling, will call different isothermal adsorption curve models based on the current direction of humidity change (moisture absorption or desiccation). When generating lossless, gradual change curves, the system will set stricter rate-of-change limits for the desiccation process to prevent paper fibers from becoming brittle and breaking due to rapid water loss.

[0057] For bronze artifacts, the main risk is chloride-induced powdery rust. This reaction has a critical relative humidity point (typically around 42%). The cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit focuses on monitoring humidity parameters. Once the microenvironment humidity is detected to be approaching this critical point, the system generates a high-priority emergency drying command, driving the execution terminal to reduce the humidity to a safe zone at the fastest and safest rate, thus stopping chemical corrosion.

[0058] For lacquered wooden artifacts, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the body and the lacquer layer differ significantly. When calculating cumulative fatigue, the system weights the interfacial shear stress. In the flow control process, not only is air temperature and humidity controlled, but infrared thermal imagers are also used to monitor the surface temperature distribution of the artifact, ensuring uniform temperature change and preventing lacquer layer peeling due to localized temperature differences.

[0059] In addition, the central control and service platform is connected to a 3D visualization interactive terminal developed based on WebGL technology. This terminal can directly render high-fidelity digital twin models of cultural relics in a browser. Unlike conventional color and texture displays, this terminal provides a stress cloud map view. In this view, the surface color of the cultural relic represents the current stress level or cumulative fatigue. For example, red areas represent high stress concentration areas, and blue areas represent low stress areas. Managers can rotate the model to visually see the stress concentration areas and potential fatigue crack propagation areas of the cultural relic.

[0060] In addition, the terminal also provides a circulation simulation function. Before the actual circulation is carried out, managers can input a circulation plan. The system uses a digital twin engine to quickly simulate the impact of environmental changes on the internal stress of the cultural relics under the planned scenario. If the simulation results show that the stress exceeds the safe value at a certain moment, the system will pop up a warning and suggest modifying the plan. This visualized simulation mechanism reduces decision-making risks and improves the scientific nature of management.

[0061] This embodiment describes the specific process steps of a comprehensive protection and management method for cultural relics throughout their entire life cycle, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes: Step 1: Initialize and bind your identity.

[0062] After the system is started, it first reads the RFID tag or QR code of the cultural relic and retrieves the digital file of the cultural relic from the basic attribute database of the cultural relic, including geometric model and physical material characteristics data.

[0063] Step 2: Real-time perception and twin mapping.

[0064] The environmental sensing network begins operation, with miniature attached sensors collecting micro-environmental parameters from the artifact's surface. The full-lifecycle digital twin building blocks receive data; if the changes exceed the dead zone threshold, dynamic modeling is triggered, updating the virtual digital twin's temperature, humidity, and stress fields.

[0065] Step 3: Fatigue calculation and health monitoring.

[0066] The cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit continuously calculates the damage increment and updates the cumulative fatigue index based on the virtual state history, using the rainflow counting method and SN curve. If the index exceeds the limit, a graded early warning is triggered.

[0067] Step 4: Flow request response and strategy generation.

[0068] When the system receives a request for the transfer of a cultural relic's location, the homogenization control strategy generation unit for the transfer space intervenes. It compares the current microenvironment with the preset environment of the target space, combines the cumulative fatigue index, calculates the maximum allowable rate of change, and generates homogenization pre-adjustment instructions and lossless gradual change curves.

[0069] Step 5: Homogeneous execution and loading.

[0070] The environmental control execution terminal (such as a transport container) responds to the command and adjusts the internal environment to a homogenized state. Once consistency is confirmed, the system unlocks, allowing staff to place the artifacts inside.

[0071] Step Six: Lossless Gradual Change and Closed-Loop Correction.

[0072] After the artifact is placed in the system, the terminal adjusts the environment according to a non-destructive, gradual change curve. Deviations are fed back in real time during the process, and the platform dynamically corrects the remaining curve based on these deviations to ensure a smooth transition.

[0073] Step 7: Document and archive evidence.

[0074] All critical status data and operational instructions are uploaded to the blockchain for verification in real time. After the process is completed, an environmental stress report is generated and archived.

[0075] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics, comprising an environmental sensing network, a database of basic attributes of cultural relics, a central control and service platform, and an environmental control execution terminal; wherein the environmental sensing network is configured to collect in real time the current micro-environment parameters of the physical space where the cultural relic is currently located; and the database of basic attributes of cultural relics is configured to store the identification information and physical material characteristics data of the cultural relic; characterized in that, The central control service platform is equipped with a full life cycle digital twin construction unit, a cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit, and a flow space homogenization control strategy generation unit. The full life cycle digital twin construction unit is configured to construct a virtual digital twin of the cultural relic based on the physical material characteristic data, and to update the virtual aging state of the virtual digital twin in real time using dynamic modeling technology according to the time series data of the current microenvironment parameters. The cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit is configured to calculate the cumulative environmental stress value of the cultural relic over a historical period based on the virtual aging state and a preset material stress model, and generate a cumulative fatigue index accordingly. The homogenization control strategy generation unit for the circulation space is configured to obtain preset environmental parameters of the target circulation space when a request for the location of a cultural relic is detected, and generate an environmental homogenization transition control instruction based on the current microenvironment parameters and the cumulative fatigue index. The environmental control execution terminal is configured to respond to the environmental homogenization transition control command, pre-adjust the environmental parameters of the target circulation space to a homogenized state consistent with the current microenvironment parameters before the cultural relic enters the target circulation space, and gradually adjust it to the preset environmental parameters according to the preset non-destructive gradual change curve after the cultural relic enters; the homogenized state means that the deviation between the environmental parameters of the target circulation space and the current microenvironment parameters is within the preset safety tolerance range.

2. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental sensing network includes contact-type micro-sensors, non-contact proximity probes, and a space environment monitoring base station. The contact-type micro-sensors are used to collect micro-environmental data of the surface of the accessible cultural relics. The non-contact proximity probes are configured to collect micro-environmental data of the surface of fragile cultural relics in a non-contact hovering manner. The sensors transmit data to the central control and service platform via a low-power Internet of Things protocol. The space environment monitoring base station is used to monitor the macro-environmental data of the space where the cultural relics are located. The central control and service platform corrects the boundary conditions of the virtual digital twin by comparing the micro-environmental data with the macro-environmental data.

3. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for the flow space homogenization control strategy generation unit to generate the lossless gradual curve include: Set the current microenvironment parameters as the starting control point of the curve; Set the preset environmental parameters of the target flow space as the termination control point of the curve; Read the cumulative fatigue index and use the inverse proportional function algorithm to calculate the maximum rate of environmental change that the current state of the cultural relic can withstand. Using the maximum environmental change rate as a constraint, a smooth transition trajectory connecting the starting control point and the ending control point is generated using cubic spline interpolation, which serves as the lossless gradual change curve.

4. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit also includes a multiphysics coupling analysis module; the multiphysics coupling analysis module is configured to simulate the coupling effect of temperature field, humidity field and photothermal effect caused by light radiation on the surface of the virtual digital twin; when high-frequency fluctuations of the current microenvironment parameters are detected, the multiphysics coupling analysis module automatically improves the mesh division accuracy of the dynamic modeling to capture micro-stress concentration areas.

5. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental control execution terminal includes an intelligent constant temperature and humidity cabinet, a mobile cultural relic transport box environmental control system, and an exhibition hall precision air conditioning system; the environmental homogenization transition control command includes PID control parameters for different environmental control execution terminals; during the execution of the adjustment, the environmental control execution terminal feeds back the adjustment deviation value to the central control service platform in real time, and the circulation space homogenization control strategy generation unit dynamically corrects the slope of the lossless gradual change curve according to the adjustment deviation value.

6. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a blockchain evidence storage and traceability module; the blockchain evidence storage and traceability module is configured to perform hash operations on the virtual aging state, the cumulative fatigue index and the environmental homogenization transition control instructions to generate data fingerprints, and broadcast the data fingerprints to the consortium blockchain nodes for consensus storage, forming an immutable environmental stress log of the entire life cycle of cultural relics.

7. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control service platform is also connected to a three-dimensional visualization interactive terminal; the three-dimensional visualization interactive terminal is configured to render and display the virtual digital twin, and to overlay the high-risk fatigue area calculated by the cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit onto the surface of the virtual digital twin in the form of a heat map; The three-dimensional visualization interactive terminal is also configured to preview the adjustment process of the non-destructive gradual change curve before the cultural relic is transferred.

8. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also has a preventive maintenance early warning function; when the cumulative fatigue index exceeds the first safety threshold, the central control service platform automatically locks the approval authority of the location transfer request and generates a mandatory repair suggestion. When the cumulative fatigue index exceeds the second safety threshold, the system automatically triggers the environmental control execution terminal to enter the emergency protection mode, locking the environmental parameters at the minimum stress state.

9. The comprehensive protection and management system for the entire life cycle of cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full lifecycle digital twin construction unit adopts an incremental update strategy. The incremental update strategy means that the dynamic modeling operation is triggered only when the change of the current microenvironment parameter exceeds the preset dead zone threshold, and the operation result is written as incremental data into the cultural relic basic attribute database to reduce the computational load of the system. The preset dead zone threshold is configured based on the environmental sensitivity parameters corresponding to the physical material characteristics of the cultural relic stored in the cultural relic basic attribute database.

10. A comprehensive protection and management method for cultural relics throughout their entire life cycle, based on the system described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The current micro-environment parameters of cultural relics are collected in real time through an environmental sensing network and transmitted to the central control and service platform. Using a full lifecycle digital twin building unit, a virtual digital twin is constructed based on physical material characteristic data, and dynamic modeling is performed according to the current microenvironment parameters to update the virtual aging state; The cumulative fatigue index of the cultural relic is calculated based on the virtual aging state using the cumulative fatigue damage simulation unit. When a request for the transfer of a cultural relic is received, the transfer space homogenization control strategy generation unit is used to generate an environmental homogenization transition control command containing a lossless gradual change curve, in combination with the cumulative fatigue index. The environmental control execution terminal responds to the instruction and pre-adjusts the environmental parameters to a homogeneous state consistent with the current microenvironment parameters before the cultural relic arrives at the target circulation space. After the cultural relic enters, it gradually adjusts the parameters to the target preset value according to the non-destructive gradual change curve.

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