Method for large-scale cultivation of seahorse initial feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and discloses a method for large-scale cultivation of seahorse initial feed. The invention discloses a cultivation method of copepods. The invention provides a cultivation method of copepods (such as Pseudodartinia andersonii), which can be used for cultivating copepods such as Pseudodartinia andersonii on a large scale and realizing artificial cultivation and large-scale high-density cultivation of the copepods. Compared with a conventional culture mode, the culture method provided by the invention can meet long-term large-scale high-purity Pseudodartas andersonii supply, the growth rate of Pseudodartas andersonii is increased by 62.7% compared with that of conventional culture of Pseudodartas andersonii, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, a reliable initial feed source is provided for large-scale factory hippocampus culture, and the culture method is suitable for large-scale industrial hippocampus culture. And a foundation is laid for development of high-quality biological baits in the aquaculture industry.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for large-scale cultivation of opening feed of Hippocampus. BACKGROUND

[0002] The online line sea horse has strict selectivity to the opening feed (copepod) species within 30 days after birth, and has a strong feeding preference for Anoplopoma pseudodiascous in copepods. The opening feed species will cause the mortality of juvenile sea horses to be more than 90%. Therefore, the cultivation of the opening feed (Anoplopoma pseudodiascous) is an important factor restricting the large-scale development of the sea horse industry. Anoplopoma pseudodiascous can significantly improve the survival rate of the line sea horse and meet the nutritional needs of the growth and development of the sea horse. The demand of the juvenile sea horse for Anoplopoma pseudodiascous is extremely large, and the density of Anoplopoma pseudodiascous in each milliliter of water cannot be less than 1, and needs to be continuously taken for more than one month. Anoplopoma pseudodiascous feeds on microalgae, and the instability of the abundance of microalgae in the water will lead to insufficient nutrients of Anoplopoma pseudodiascous itself and inhibit the growth and reproduction of Anoplopoma pseudodiascous. The current laboratory cultivation method of Anoplopoma pseudodiascous cannot meet the needs of the factory and large-scale line sea horse breeding, and the current large-scale cultivation method of copepods cannot guarantee the purity of Anoplopoma pseudodiascous. Therefore, the continuous large-scale cultivation of high-purity Anoplopoma pseudodiascous has important significance for the sea horse breeding industry. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. A cultivation method for large-scale cultivation of opening feed (Anoplopoma pseudodiascous) of sea horse is provided to provide a reliable source of opening feed for large-scale factory sea horse breeding.

[0004] The first aspect of the present application aims to provide a cultivation method for Anoplopoma pseudodiascous.

[0005] The second aspect of the present application aims to provide the application of the cultivation method of the first aspect of the present application in aquaculture.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows: The first aspect of the present application provides a cultivation method for copepods, comprising the following steps: Adjustment of the cultivation environment: adjusting the temperature, salinity, pH value and dissolved oxygen content of the water in the cultivation container; Fertilization and algal inoculation: spraying inorganic fertilizer and fermentation liquid into the cultivation container and inoculating algae; Copepod inoculation: inoculating copepods into the cultivation container for cultivation; Daily management and topdressing: maintaining the salinity, pH value and total alkalinity of the water, and adding fermentation material according to the change of water transparency.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the fermentation liquid is prepared by fermenting sugar, bacteria, fish meal and water.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the sugar includes brown sugar or white sugar.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the bacteria includes yeast (such as Angelus Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and EM bacteria.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the sugar to water is 1: (3-6); further 1: (4-6), and more further 1:5.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the yeast to water is 1: (8000-8500); further 1: (8200-8400), and more further 1: (8300-8400).

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the fish meal to water is 1: (20-30); further 1: (23-26), and more further 1:25.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the volume-mass ratio (mL / kg) of the EM bacteria to water is 1: (1-5); further 1: (2-3); and more further 1:2.5.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the water is fresh water.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the fermentation liquid is prepared by mixing sugar, bacteria, fish meal and water, and fermenting, to obtain the fermentation liquid.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, the fermentation condition is anaerobic fermentation at 45-55℃ for 40-60h.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the fermentation condition is anaerobic fermentation at 50-55℃ for 40-50h.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the fermentation condition is anaerobic fermentation at 50-52℃ for 45-50h.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the spraying amount of the fermentation liquid is 90-130 kg / mu.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, the spraying amount of the fermentation liquid is 100-120 kg / mu.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the spraying amount of the fermentation liquid is 100-110 kg / mu.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the fermentation liquid is sprayed 1-2 times a day, for 4-5 consecutive days.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, in the adjustment of the breeding environment, the temperature of the breeding water body is 20-38℃, the salinity is 20‰-30‰, and the pH value is 7-9.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, in the adjustment of the breeding environment, the temperature of the breeding water body is 20-35℃, the salinity is 23‰-30‰, and the pH value is 7.2-8.6.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, in the adjustment of the breeding environment, the temperature of the breeding water body is 25-31℃, the salinity is 23‰-25‰, and the pH value is 7.6-8.4.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the dissolved oxygen content of the breeding water body is greater than 5 mg / L.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, in the adjustment of the breeding environment, the total alkalinity of the breeding water body is greater than 2.3 meq / L.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the inorganic fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, and sodium silicate.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the inorganic fertilizer includes 6-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-1 part of ferrous sulfate, and 1-5 parts of sodium silicate.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, the inorganic fertilizer includes 6-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.8 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 1-3 parts of sodium silicate.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, the inorganic fertilizer includes 6-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 1-2 parts of sodium silicate.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the spraying amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 6-9 kg / mu.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present application, the spraying amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 8-9 kg / mu.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, the inorganic fertilizer is sprayed only once, simultaneously with the fermentation liquid.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, the algae includes at least one of Thalassiosira, Chaetoceros, Chrysophyta, and Chlorella; preferably Chaetoceros and Chlorella.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, in the daily management and topdressing, when the water transparency is greater than 60 cm, then add the fermentation material once a day until the water transparency is less than 60 cm.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, during the cultivation, the water transparency is maintained at 40-60 cm.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, during the cultivation, the water temperature is maintained at 20-35℃.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, during the cultivation, the water temperature of the culture water is maintained at 20-32℃.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the copepods include at least one of Anoplopoma emarginatum, Euchaeta japonica, Tigriopus fulvus, Acartia clausi, and Paracalanus parvus; preferably Anoplopoma emarginatum.

[0041] In a second aspect of the present application, the cultivation method of the first aspect of the present application is applied in aquaculture.

[0042] The present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a cultivation method of copepods (such as Anoplopoma emarginatum), which can cultivate copepods such as Anoplopoma emarginatum on a large scale, realize artificial breeding and large-scale high-density cultivation. Compared with conventional breeding methods, the cultivation method provided by the present application can meet the long-term large-scale high-purity Anoplopoma emarginatum supply, and the growth rate of Anoplopoma emarginatum is increased by 62.7% compared with the conventional cultivation of Anoplopoma emarginatum, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, which provides reliable opening bait source for large-scale factory sea horse breeding, and lays a foundation for the development of high-quality biological bait for aquaculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples, in which: Figure 1 A microscope photograph of Anoplopoma emarginatum cultivated according to application example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The concept and technical effects of the present application will be described below in conjunction with examples for a clear and complete description, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present application. Obviously, the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present application, but not all examples, and other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor based on the examples of the present application all belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] The specific conditions not indicated in the examples are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products that can be obtained by commercial purchase, and the manufacturers are not indicated.

[0046] The features and performances of the present application are further described in detail below in combination with the examples.

[0047] Example 1 A large-scale breeding method of breeding sea horse opening bait (i.e. An's pseudodiaptomus) includes the following steps: Preparation for breeding: A black film-laying pond (about 1 mu in size) is selected, and fine sand with a thickness of 5-8 cm is laid at the bottom of the pond, and an oxygen-increasing nano air pipe is installed at the bottom.

[0048] Water body treatment for breeding: The water body is treated according to the water body conditions most suitable for the growth and reproduction of An's pseudodiaptomus: natural seawater filtered by sand filtration is used, and fresh water is used to adjust the salinity of the water body to 23‰-25‰; the pH value of the water body is adjusted to 7.6-8.4 by using quicklime, which is dissolved in water before use, and the lime milk is uniformly sprayed into the water body; the total alkalinity of the water body is adjusted to 2.3 meq / L by using baking soda; the dissolved oxygen of the water body is maintained above 5 mg / L; the water depth is 2-2.5 m.

[0049] Use of inorganic fertilizer and inoculation of algae: Inorganic fertilizer releases fertilizer rapidly, which is convenient for algae to utilize and reproduce rapidly. 7 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 kg of sodium silicate, and 50 g of ferrous sulfate are uniformly mixed, and particle screening is performed using a 2-3 mm mesh screen to ensure uniformity of fertilization, and then sprayed into the water body (only once). After using inorganic fertilizer, algae inoculation can be performed, and the introduction of algae should be selected in the morning with strong light. 100 L of fresh concentrated chlorella (density 100 billion / mL) and 200 L of fresh concentrated chaetoceros (density 4 billion / mL) are uniformly sprayed, only once.

[0050] Fermentation liquid preparation and use: The water body is provided with rich organic matter, which can continuously release fertilizer, promote the growth of algae and the balance of water bacteria, and provide rich bait and beneficial bacteria for water fleas. 100 kg of brown sugar, 30 g of Angel yeast, 20 kg of fish meal, and 200 mL of EM bacteria (Jingbo brand) are uniformly mixed into 500 kg of fresh water, sealed and fermented at 50°C for 48 h. After fermentation, it is used at the same time as inorganic fertilizer, and is continuously sprayed for 5 days, 100 kg per day.

[0051] Introduction of An's pseudodiaptomus: After the fermentation liquid is sprayed, high-purity An pseudodiaptomus cultured under laboratory conditions is put into the water body. When introducing, choose the period when the sun has not fully risen in the morning and the light is weak to avoid direct sunlight. Try to approach the water surface during pouring to reduce the stress response of water fleas. The introduction lasts for three days, once a day, and one jin each time.

[0052] An pseudodiaptomus collection: The collection can be carried out on the 16th day of An pseudodiaptomus introduction. Use a water pump (1.5kw) and a 150-mesh insect collecting net (15m long and 60cm in diameter) to start collecting in the early morning. 4-6 jin of copepods can be collected in an average of 4-6 hours, of which An pseudodiaptomus accounts for more than 80%, which can meet the needs of 60,000 juvenile sea horses opening their mouths every day. After continuous collection for 10 days, stop for 3 days to allow An pseudodiaptomus to grow and reproduce, thereby ensuring its dominant position in the water body.

[0053] Daily management and fertilization: Ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body is higher than 5mg / L for a long time. Measure the water salinity, pH value, and total alkalinity every half month and adjust them in time. Ensure that the water transparency is about 40-60cm. If the transparency is greater than 60cm, add 100 jin of fermentation liquid every time, once a day, until the water transparency is less than 60cm. If the water transparency is less than 40cm, add 1 / 5 of new water until the water transparency is greater than 40cm. Drain the water body every half year, disinfect the pond, and cultivate it again. The water temperature needs to be kept between 20-32℃. In summer, build a sunshade shed to reduce the water temperature; in winter, lay a polyethylene insulation film on the surface of the pond to reduce heat loss and increase temperature.

[0054] Application Example 1 1. Breeding equipment Choose the mulch pond of Zhanjiang Jinma Biological Technology Co., Ltd. in Guangdong Province, with an area of 2 mu and an average water depth of 2m; equip one nanometer aeration ring for every 50 square meters; and lay a 10% light transmittance sunshade net on the top of the mulch pond.

[0055] 2. Adjustment of breeding environment The water temperature during cultivation is 25-31℃; the seawater salinity is kept within the range of 23‰-25‰, and when the salinity is lower than 23‰, seawater is added to increase the salinity, and when the salinity is higher than 25‰, freshwater is added to reduce the salinity; use quicklime to maintain the water pH value between 7.6-8.4; use baking soda to adjust the water total alkalinity to more than 2.3meq / L; and keep the water dissolved oxygen above 5mg / L.

[0056] 3. Fertilization and algal inoculation Inorganic fertilizer is used potassium dihydrogen phosphate 7 catties per mu, sodium silicate 1 catties per mu, ferrous sulfate 50 g per mu. Then algae inoculation, 100 L of fresh concentrated chlorella (density 100 billion / mL) and 200 L of fresh concentrated chaetoceros (density 40 billion / mL) are inoculated per mu of water body. 100 kg of brown sugar, 30 g of Angelus yeast, 20 kg of fish meal, 200 ml of EM bacteria (Jingbo brand) are evenly mixed into 500 kg of fresh water, sealed and fermented at 50°C for 48 h. After fermentation, 100 kg is sprayed per mu of water body every day, and the spraying is continued for 5 days.

[0057] 4. Inoculation and collection of ancopidium ancyroides 1 kg of high-purity ancopidium ancyroides cultured in the laboratory is introduced every morning for three consecutive days. On the 16th day, a 150-mesh mesh bag is used to collect the copepods, and a water pump is used to collect the copepods from 05:00 to 10:00 every day. The weight of the copepods is counted and the proportion of ancopidium ancyroides is calculated under a microscope. After 10 days of continuous collection, stop collecting for 3 days. The experiment lasts for 60 days.

[0058] The results of microscopic examination of the cultured ancopidium ancyroides are as follows Figure 1 The experiment lasted for 60 days, a total of 58 times of copepod collection, a total of 266.7 kg of copepods were harvested, the average proportion of ancopidium ancyroides reached 89.6%, and the growth rate of ancopidium ancyroides was 786%. It can sustainably supply 118,000 juvenile seahorses for a month.

[0059] Application Example 2 An ancopidium ancyroides is cultured using a conventional indoor cultivation method, which is roughly as follows: the volume of the breeding tank is 300 L, 5 L of fresh concentrated chlorella (density 100 billion / mL) and 10 L of fresh concentrated chaetoceros (density 40 billion / mL) are added to each tank every day, 10 g of high-purity ancopidium ancyroides is inoculated, and the water is changed and the dirt is sucked every day. After 16 days, half of the water is drained and the copepods are collected, the weight of the copepods is weighed and the proportion of ancopidium ancyroides is counted, and then new water is added. The experiment lasts for 60 days.

[0060] The experiment lasted for 60 days, a total of 58.3 g of copepods were collected, the proportion of ancopidium ancyroides was 100%, and the growth rate of ancopidium ancyroides was 483%. It is only enough for 100 juvenile seahorses to eat for one day, far from meeting the needs of large-scale seahorse breeding.

[0061] Summary: Currently, there is no method for large-scale artificial cultivation of ancopidium ancyroides, and compared with the two cultivation methods, outdoor mulch pond cultivation can meet the long-term large-scale supply of high-purity ancopidium ancyroides, the growth rate of ancopidium ancyroides is increased by 62.7% compared with indoor cultivation of ancopidium ancyroides, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, providing a reliable source of starter feed for large-scale industrial seahorse breeding.

[0062] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A method for breeding copepods, comprising the following steps: Adjusting the aquaculture environment: Adjusting the temperature, salinity, pH value, and dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water; Fertilization and algae inoculation: Sprinkle inorganic fertilizer and fermentation liquid into the culture container and inoculate algae; Copepod inoculation: Copepods are inoculated into culture containers for further cultivation; Routine management and topdressing: Maintain water salinity, pH value, and total alkalinity, and add fermented material based on changes in water transparency.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation broth comprises sugar, bacteria, fish meal, and water, obtained through fermentation from the following raw materials; Preferably, the method for preparing the fermentation broth includes the following steps: mixing sugar, bacteria, fish meal and water, and fermenting to obtain the fermentation broth; Preferably, the amount of fermentation liquid applied is 90-130 catties / mu.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bacteria include yeast and EM bacteria; Preferably, the fermentation conditions are anaerobic fermentation at 45-55℃ for 40-60 hours.

4. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, In the aforementioned aquaculture environment adjustment, the temperature of the aquaculture water is 20-38℃, the salinity is 20‰-30‰, and the pH value is 7-9. Preferably, the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water is greater than 5 mg / L.

5. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The inorganic fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, and sodium silicate; Preferably, the amount of inorganic fertilizer applied is 6-9 jin / mu.

6. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The algae include at least one of the following: seaweed, chaete algae, golden algae, and chlorella.

7. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, In the daily management and topdressing, when the water transparency is greater than 60cm, fermented material is added once a day until the water transparency is less than 60cm.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, During the cultivation process, the water transparency is maintained at 40-60cm.

9. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, During the cultivation process, the water temperature should be maintained at 20-35℃.

10. The application of the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-9 in aquaculture.

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