Composition for relieving vomitoxin harm of weaned piglets as well as preparation method and application of composition

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a composition for relieving vomitoxin harm of weaned piglets and a preparation method and application of the composition. The composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 to 70 parts of glucurolactone, 10 to 15 parts of cynarin, 20 to 40 parts of scutellaria baicalensis flavone, 10 to 20 parts of stevia rebaudiana extract and 80 to 120 parts of a carrier. The composition can be used for effectively relieving the symptoms of diarrhea, weight loss and intestinal dysfunction of weaned piglets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal husbandry technology, and in particular to a composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium fungi and is commonly found in feed and other organic substrates. DON is a major contaminant in grains such as wheat, barley, and corn, which are present in high proportions in pig diets. Pigs are the most susceptible to DON in livestock farming. DON can cause anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, and diarrhea in piglets, severely impairing their healthy development. The intestines are the first line of defense against DON, and increasing research indicates that DON-contaminated feed can lead to severe disruption of intestinal barrier function and immune function. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a composition, its preparation method, and its application to mitigate the harm caused by deoxynivalenol in weaned piglets. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composition that alleviates the harm of vomiting toxin in weaned piglets, in order to address the shortcomings of the prior art. This composition can effectively alleviate diarrhea, weight loss and intestinal dysfunction symptoms in weaned piglets.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets, the composition comprising, by weight, the following components: 50-70 parts glucuronolactone, 10-15 parts cynarin, 20-40 parts scutellarin, 10-20 parts stevia extract, and 80-120 parts carrier.

[0006] As an improved technical solution, the stevia extract includes chlorogenic acid and its analogues, and the total content of chlorogenic acid and its analogues is not less than 40%.

[0007] As a further preferred technical solution, the composition comprises the following components by weight: 60 parts glucuronolactone, 13 parts cynarin, 30 parts scutellarin, 15 parts stevia extract, and 100 parts carrier.

[0008] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a composition that alleviates the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets, in order to address the shortcomings of the prior art. The composition obtained by this preparation method can effectively alleviate diarrhea, weight loss and intestinal dysfunction symptoms in weaned piglets.

[0009] A method for preparing a composition that alleviates the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Weigh out the sieved glucuronolactone, cynarin, scutellarin, stevia extract and carrier in the following proportions by weight;

[0011] (2) Take the stevia extract from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the first premix is ​​prepared for use; take the cynarin from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the second premix is ​​prepared for use; take the scutellaria flavonoids from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the third premix is ​​prepared for use.

[0012] (3) Take the first premix, the second premix and the third premix from step (2), stir and mix them, then add the remaining carrier and continue stirring and mixing. Then add the glucuronolactone from step (1) and continue stirring and mixing.

[0013] The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an application of a composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets in the preparation of feed products for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets, in order to address the shortcomings of the prior art. Feed containing this composition can effectively alleviate diarrhea, weight loss and intestinal dysfunction symptoms in weaned piglets.

[0014] A composition for mitigating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets is added at a dosage of 200-500 mg / kg in the preparation of feed products for mitigating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets.

[0015] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] In the composition of this invention, glucuronolactone, as a precursor of glucuronic acid, significantly enhances the activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UGT) in the liver. DON and its metabolites bind to glucuronic acid in the liver, generating DON-glucuronic acid conjugates with greater polarity and water solubility, thereby accelerating their excretion through bile and urine and directly reducing the concentration of free DON in the blood and intestinal lumen. Scutellaria baicalensis flavonoids effectively inhibit DON-activated NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways, reducing the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Simultaneously, it upregulates the expression of tight junction proteins such as ocludin and claudin-1, repairing the tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells damaged by DON, reducing intestinal permeability, decreasing endotoxin translocation and fluid leakage, thereby effectively relieving diarrhea. Cirsium japonicum can scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by DON in the intestine, protecting intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative damage. It can stimulate hepatocyte regeneration and promote bile secretion, which helps in the excretion of bound DON toxins. More importantly, it can increase the level of glutathione (GSH) in the liver, enhance the liver's detoxification capacity and antioxidant status, and alleviate the detoxification pressure on the intestines. Chlorogenic acid in stevia extract can directly neutralize ROS, reducing the damage of oxidative stress to lipids, proteins, and DNA in intestinal epithelial cells. It can upregulate the nuclear factor Nrf2 signaling pathway, promoting the synthesis of downstream endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), thereby enhancing the cell's own "detoxification" ability. By inhibiting the activation and translocation of NF-κB, chlorogenic acid can effectively reduce the production of downstream inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), curbing DON-induced intestinal inflammation at its source. Chlorogenic acid can indirectly but effectively protect tight junction proteins, maintain the low permeability of the intestinal mucosa, reduce fluid exudation and endotoxin entry into the blood, thereby directly relieving diarrhea. Chlorogenic acid and its intestinal metabolites (such as caffeic acid and ferulic acid) have broad-spectrum antibacterial and gut microbiota-regulating effects. They can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria (such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) and inhibit the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. A healthy gut microbiota can further strengthen the intestinal barrier, produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to nourish intestinal cells, and participate in the microbial transformation and isolation of DON, forming a biological defense. The composition in this invention systematically alleviates diarrhea, weight loss, and intestinal dysfunction caused by DON through a synergistic pathway of "intestinal barrier repair - enhanced liver detoxification - oxidative inflammation inhibition." Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] A composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets comprises the following components by weight: 50 parts glucuronolactone, 10 parts cynarin, 20 parts scutellarin, 10 parts stevia extract (with a total content of chlorogenic acid and its analogues of 41.6%), and 80 parts carrier (stevia waste residue with a moisture content of 3% and a crude fiber content of 40% after extracting stevia sugar and stevia extract, drying at 60°C, and pulverizing through a 60-mesh sieve).

[0020] Its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) Weigh out the sieved glucuronolactone, cynarin, scutellarin, stevia extract and carrier in the following proportions by weight;

[0022] (2) Take the stevia extract from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the first premix is ​​prepared for use; take the cynarin from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the second premix is ​​prepared for use; take the scutellaria flavonoids from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the third premix is ​​prepared for use.

[0023] (3) Take the first premix, the second premix and the third premix from step (2), stir and mix them, then add the remaining carrier and continue stirring and mixing. Then add the glucuronolactone from step (1) and continue stirring and mixing.

[0024] Example 2

[0025] A composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets comprises the following components by weight: 60 parts glucuronolactone, 13 parts cynarin, 30 parts scutellarin, 15 parts stevia extract (with a total content of 53.8% of chlorogenic acid and its analogues), and 100 parts carrier (stevia waste residue with a moisture content of 3% and a crude fiber content of 50% after extracting stevia sugar and stevia extract, drying at 60°C, and pulverizing through a 60-mesh sieve).

[0026] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Weigh out the sieved glucuronolactone, cynarin, scutellarin, stevia extract and carrier in the following proportions by weight;

[0028] (2) Take the stevia extract from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the first premix is ​​prepared for use; take the cynarin from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the second premix is ​​prepared for use; take the scutellaria flavonoids from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the third premix is ​​prepared for use.

[0029] (3) Take the first premix, the second premix and the third premix from step (2), stir and mix them, then add the remaining carrier and continue stirring and mixing. Then add the glucuronolactone from step (1) and continue stirring and mixing.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] A composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets comprises the following components by weight: 70 parts glucuronolactone, 15 parts cynarin, 40 parts scutellarin, 20 parts stevia extract (with a total content of 48.5% of chlorogenic acid and its analogues), and 120 parts carrier (stevia waste residue with a moisture content of 3% and a crude fiber content of 60% after extracting stevia sugar and stevia extract, drying at 60°C, and pulverizing through a 60-mesh sieve).

[0032] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0033] (1) Weigh out the sieved glucuronolactone, cynarin, scutellarin, stevia extract and carrier in the following proportions by weight;

[0034] (2) Take the stevia extract from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the first premix is ​​prepared for use; take the cynarin from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the second premix is ​​prepared for use; take the scutellaria flavonoids from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the third premix is ​​prepared for use.

[0035] (3) Take the first premix, the second premix and the third premix from step (2), stir and mix them, then add the remaining carrier and continue stirring and mixing. Then add the glucuronolactone from step (1) and continue stirring and mixing.

[0036] To better demonstrate that the composition of the present invention can effectively alleviate diarrhea, weight loss, and intestinal dysfunction symptoms in weaned piglets, the composition of Example 2 was added to the basal feed, as detailed below:

[0037] 1. Laboratory animals

[0038] 192 boars (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned piglets aged 35-40 days were selected and weighed individually. The experimental pigs were divided into 8 treatments according to a block design, with 6 replicates per treatment and 4 pigs per replicate. Weights were balanced across the 6 pens within each of the 8 treatments. The basal diet formulation is shown in Table 1. The experiment lasted 28 days. During the experiment, all pigs had free access to feed and water and were housed in a controlled nursery (temperature maintained at 26-28℃, relative humidity 60%-70%, 16L:8D photoperiod) and managed according to standard feeding procedures.

[0039] Specifically, the diets included: NC group (negative control): fed a basal diet free of DON; PC group (positive control / toxin challenge control): fed a basal diet containing 2 mg / kg DON; T group (experimental group): fed a PC diet supplemented with a complex consisting of glucuronolactone, cynarin, baicalein, and stevia extract at a dosage of 200 mg / kg (Example 2); TG group (glucuronolactone deficiency control): fed a PC diet supplemented with the above-mentioned complex (200 mg / kg) lacking glucuronolactone; TC group (cynarin deficiency control): fed a PC diet supplemented with the above-mentioned complex (200 mg / kg) lacking cynarin; TS group (baicalein deficiency control): fed a PC diet supplemented with the above-mentioned complex (200 mg / kg) lacking baicalein; T-SV group (stevia extract deficiency control): fed a PC diet supplemented with the above-mentioned complex (200 mg / kg) lacking stevia extract. Group A (Commercially available adsorbent control): Based on the diet of Group PC, a commercially available mycotoxin adsorbent (mainly montmorillonite) was added at the recommended dosage. It should be noted that the glucuronolactone missing in Group TG was supplemented by an equal amount of carrier (stevia residue), and the same applies to Groups TC, TS, and T-SV; the basic diet formulation is shown in Table 1.

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] 2. Measurement Indicators

[0043] 2.1 Growth performance

[0044] Weigh each piglet at 0, 14, and 28 days after weaning, and weigh any remaining feed. Calculate the average daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate for 0-14, 15-28, and 0-28 days.

[0045] The piglets' feces were observed once a day from the first day of the experiment, and the diarrhea rate was calculated.

[0046] Diarrhea rate = (Sum of all piglets with diarrhea during the experimental period) / (Number of experimental days × Number of experimental pigs) * 100%

[0047] The specific test results are shown in Table 2.

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Table 2 shows that, compared with the PC group, the T group significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of weaned piglets (0-14d, 15-28d, 0-28d, P<0.05) and significantly reduced the diarrhea index (0-14d, 0-28d, P<0.05), with the effects returning to levels not significantly different from the NC group. This indicates that the composition can effectively reverse the growth inhibition and intestinal dysfunction caused by DON.

[0051] 2.2 Serum markers

[0052] At 14 and 28 days post-weaning, 12 piglets were selected from each treatment. Blood was collected from the anterior vena cava using a 5 mL syringe free of trace elements. Biochemical indicators such as total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase were measured. Immune and inflammatory indicators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were also measured. Antioxidant indicators such as T-AOC, MDA, GSH-PX, CAT, and SOD were also measured. Serum DON and DOM-1 levels were measured. Specific experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Table 3 shows that there were no significant differences in biochemical indicators such as TP, ALB, GLB, ALT, AST, and ALP among the groups. Among the inflammatory markers, there was a trend of difference in IL-8 among the groups. Multiple comparisons showed that serum IL-8 in the PC group was significantly higher than that in the NC group, while the T group, which had the composition added to its daily dose, significantly improved this indicator. At the same time, compared with the PC group, this composition could alleviate the decline in antioxidant performance.

[0057] 2.3 Liver Indicators

[0058] Eight treatment groups were selected, with six piglets from each group slaughtered. Liver lobules were harvested, and biochemical indicators such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Immune and inflammatory indicators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were also measured. Antioxidant indicators such as T-AOC, MDA, GSH-PX, CAT, and SOD were also measured. DON and DOM-1 levels were measured. Detailed experimental results are shown in Table 4.

[0059]

[0060] Table 4 shows that, regarding liver function, there were no significant differences between the T group and the PC group in terms of AST, ALT, and ALP activities. However, in terms of inflammatory factor levels, the PC group significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, while the T group, which added the composition of this invention, showed some relief for these indicators, but the difference was not significant compared to the PC group. Regarding antioxidant indicators, the PC group significantly decreased T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-PX, while the T group significantly increased the activities of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-PX, with significant differences (P<0.05); furthermore, the TG group, TC group, TS group, and T-SV group also increased the activities of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-PX.

[0061] 2.4 Intestinal mucosal enzyme activity

[0062] Jejunum and ileum tissues were collected from slaughtered piglets, fixed with neutral formalin and glutaraldehyde, and paraffin sections and electron microscopy sections were prepared to observe changes in intestinal morphology and microvilli. Detailed experimental results are shown in Table 5.

[0063]

[0064] Table 5 shows that the PC group significantly reduced jejunal villus height and villus-crypt ratio, while the T group, which added the composition of this invention, showed recovery in both villus height and villus-crypt ratio, with significant differences compared to the control group. In the ileum, the villus-crypt ratio showed a trend of change among the groups, but villus height and crypt depth did not show significant differences, indicating that the morphological effects of DON mainly occurred in the jejunum, and that the composition of this invention has a certain protective effect on this area.

[0065] 2.5 Intestinal morphology examination

[0066] Based on the morphological results, the jejunum was selected to detect its inflammation and antioxidant indicators. The specific experimental results are detailed in Table 6.

[0067]

[0068] It can be found from Table 6 that the PC group significantly increased the contents of IFN-γ, IL-1 and IL-8, indicating that it induced an obvious pro-inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa; while in the T group supplemented with the composition of the present invention, the levels of these inflammatory factors were significantly decreased compared with the PC group, and the difference was significant compared with the PC group, indicating that the composition of the present invention has a good anti-inflammatory effect. In terms of antioxidant indexes, the PC group significantly decreased the activities of T-AOC, SOD and GSH-PX, indicating that it inhibited the intestinal antioxidant system; (P<0.01), while in the T group supplemented with the composition of the present invention, the activities of T-AOC, SOD and GSH-PX were significantly alleviated, and there was no significant difference compared with the PC group. To sum up, DON can induce inflammatory reactions in the intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets and reduce their antioxidant defense ability. By adding the composition described in the present invention to the diet, the above-mentioned adverse effects caused by DON can be significantly alleviated, indicating that the composition has a definite protective effect on intestinal damage caused by DON.

[0069] From the above experimental data, it can be concluded that vomitoxin significantly reduces the growth performance of piglets, increases the diarrhea index of piglets and causes inflammatory reactions and a decrease in antioxidant capacity. Adding the composition of the present invention to the basal diet can effectively alleviate the above-mentioned adverse effects and restore the inflammatory and antioxidant indexes to normal levels.

[0070] It should be noted that: after the preliminary analysis of all experimental data by Excel 2019, the SPSS 17.0 software was used for further analysis. The production performance was statistically analyzed by blocks, with the treatment as the fixed factor and the block as the random factor, and the significance analysis of the general linear model was carried out. When P<0.1, the LSD multiple test was used for the significance of variance; for the remaining indexes, one-way ANOVA was used to perform a one-way analysis of variance on the data. When P<0.1, the LSD multiple comparison was used to detect the significance of variance. P<0.05 was considered as a significant difference, and 0.05<P<0.1 was considered as a significant trend.

[0071] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets, characterized in that, The composition comprises, by weight, the following components: 50-70 parts glucuronolactone, 10-15 parts cynarin, 20-40 parts scutellarin, 10-20 parts stevia extract, and 80-120 parts carrier.

2. The composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stevia extract includes chlorogenic acid and its analogues, and the total content of chlorogenic acid and its analogues is not less than 40%.

3. The composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition comprises, by weight, the following components: 60 parts glucuronolactone, 13 parts cynarin, 30 parts scutellarin, 15 parts stevia extract, and 100 parts carrier.

4. A method for preparing a composition for alleviating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out the sieved glucuronolactone, cynarin, scutellarin, stevia extract and carrier in the following proportions by weight; (2) Take the stevia extract from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the first premix is ​​prepared for use; take the cynarin from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the second premix is ​​prepared for use; take the scutellaria flavonoids from step (1), add an equal amount of carrier and stir to mix, and the third premix is ​​prepared for use. (3) Take the first premix, the second premix and the third premix from step (2), stir and mix them, then add the remaining carrier and continue stirring and mixing. Then add the glucuronolactone from step (1) and continue stirring and mixing.

5. The use of the composition for mitigating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets as described in claim 1 in the preparation of feed products for mitigating the harm of vomitoxin in weaned piglets.

Images