Composition of plant extract and ackermann mucophile and application of composition in improving intestinal health

Abstract

The invention provides a composition containing a plant extract and Ackermann mucophile (Akk) and application of the composition in improving intestinal health, relieving constipation and promoting defecation. The composition can quickly improve the abundance of Ackerman mucilaginosus in the intestinal environment, promote the reproduction of Ackerman mucilaginosus in the intestinal tract, increase the variety and abundance of probiotics in the intestinal tract, colonize beneficial bacteria and kill harmful bacteria, so that flatulence, stomachache, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease are relieved, the intestinal health is improved, the constipation is relieved, and the intestinal health is improved. The defecation is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of health products and relates to a composition comprising plant extracts and Akkermansia myxophilus (Akk bacteria) and its use in improving intestinal health, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation. This composition can rapidly increase the abundance of Akkermansia myxophilus in the intestinal environment, promote its reproduction in the intestine, increase the types and abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria, colonize beneficial bacteria, and eliminate harmful bacteria, thereby relieving bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, improving intestinal health, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation. Background Technology

[0002] Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal problems. It can cause physical discomfort, pain, confusion, and even intestinal obstruction. Current medications for constipation have limitations: for example, long-term use of stimulant laxatives can lead to side effects such as intestinal damage; bulk-forming laxatives, which increase stool volume and stimulate intestinal peristalsis to promote defecation, only temporarily relieve constipation symptoms and do not address the root cause of the problem.

[0003] The gut microbiota is a core component of the gut microecology, and probiotics play a vital role in maintaining gut homeostasis and treating intestinal diseases. Probiotics can regulate the balance of gut microbiota, help the body synthesize essential vitamins, accelerate intestinal motility, relieve and improve constipation, and have a beneficial effect on the treatment of intestinal diseases. Simultaneously, the proliferation of probiotics helps inhibit and eliminate harmful bacteria, strengthen the intestinal mucosal barrier, reduce intestinal inflammation, inhibit the activity of pathogenic bacteria, and regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby maintaining gastrointestinal health, improving gut microbiota, and forming a healthy gastrointestinal ecosystem.

[0004] Therefore, improving gut health, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation by regulating gut probiotics has advantages such as minimal side effects and continued effectiveness after discontinuation. However, current probiotic compositions have problems such as unsatisfactory effects in relieving or treating constipation and poor regulation of gut microbiota balance.

[0005] Plant extracts and their active components have a complex interaction with the gut microbiota. On the one hand, the gut microbiota metabolizes plant extracts, converting them into substances with different bioavailability, biological activity, or toxicity than their precursors. On the other hand, plant extracts can regulate the structural composition of the gut microbiota, thereby improving or inhibiting its functional disorders and pathological states. Furthermore, plant extracts contain fiber, lubricants, prebiotics, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, volatile oils, organic acids, and various bioactive substances, exhibiting bactericidal, digestive-improving, immunomodulatory, anti-infective, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal health-improving, and intestinal motility-promoting effects.

[0006] Combining plant extracts with probiotics can quickly eliminate harmful bacteria in the intestines, promote immune and digestive functions, increase stool weight, regulate intestinal flora, thereby relieving bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, improving intestinal health, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a composition comprising plant extracts and Akkermansia myxophilus (Akk bacteria) and its use in relieving flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, improving intestinal health, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation. This composition can rapidly increase the abundance of Akkermansia myxophilus in the intestinal environment, promote its reproduction in the intestine, increase the types and abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria, colonize beneficial bacteria, and eliminate harmful bacteria, thereby relieving flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, improving intestinal health, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation.

[0008] Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk bacteria) is a beneficial intestinal bacterium with significant anti-inflammatory effects. It repairs the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulates mucus thickness, restores intestinal barrier function, effectively inhibits metabolic endotoxemia caused by intestinal flora imbalance, and effectively reverses obesity and metabolic disorders induced by obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It can also reduce fat absorption in animals and humans, increase fecal excretion, promote fat excretion, or reduce visceral fat accumulation. Studies have shown that Akk bacteria can promote defecation, fat excretion, reduce intestinal fat absorption, or reduce visceral fat accumulation.

[0009] The combined use of plant extracts and Akk bacteria can improve gut health, relieve constipation, and promote bowel movements. Compared with existing products, it has the advantages of rapid onset of action, no side effects, and long-lasting effects.

[0010] This invention provides a composition comprising plant extracts and Akkermansia myxophilus (Akk bacteria), wherein the Akk bacteria are live Akk bacteria and / or Akk postbiotics. The composition provided by this invention has the following advantages:

[0011] (1) Plant extracts and Akk bacteria have a synergistic effect, further promoting the colonization of live Akk bacteria in the intestine; at the same time, the intestinal flora has a metabolic effect on plant extracts, further improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of plant extracts.

[0012] (2) The composition contains Akk inactivated bacteria, which can increase the abundance of Akk bacteria, effectively improve intestinal health, regulate and balance the intestinal flora, colonize beneficial bacteria, and eliminate harmful bacteria;

[0013] (3) Plant extracts can increase the abundance of Akk bacteria and other intestinal probiotics, increase the species of Akk and other bacteria, and regulate and balance the intestinal flora;

[0014] (4) Effectively relieves constipation and promotes defecation;

[0015] (5) It can be taken for a long time, is safe and has no side effects, and has a long-lasting effect.

[0016] The present invention provides a composition comprising plant extracts and Akkella myxophila (Akk bacteria), wherein the Akk bacteria are live Akk bacteria and / or Akk metabiotics.

[0017] In one embodiment, the Akk bacteria in the composition of the present invention are live Akk bacteria.

[0018] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises live Akk bacteria and Akk postbiotics.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains Akk bacteria as Akk postbiotics.

[0020] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes Akk postbiotics comprising inactivated Akk bacteria, lysed Akk bacteria, and / or cultures containing dead Akk cells.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the Akk postbiotic in the composition of the present invention is an Akk inactivated bacterium.

[0022] In a more preferred embodiment, the Akk postbiotic in the composition of the present invention is Akk pasteurized bacteria.

[0023] In one implementation, the inactivation methods of the Akk inactivated bacteria include, but are not limited to, pasteurization, ultraviolet irradiation, and chemical treatment.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned Akk post-generic agent is inactivated by Pasteurization.

[0025] In one embodiment, the Akk inactivated bacteria in the composition of the present invention can be prepared by collecting the bacterial cells after the culture is completed, or the bacterial cells in the culture medium can be prepared into heat-killed bacterial cells without temporarily separating the bacterial cells from the culture medium, and then the heat-killed bacterial cells are collected.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the Akk post-biotic of the composition of the present invention is an inactivated Akk bacterium, which is prepared by pasteurization. Further, in the above pasteurization process, the heating temperature is 60-100°C, and the heating time is 5-40 minutes.

[0027] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention, Akk postbiotic, can be further subjected to grinding, crushing or freeze-drying, etc., to produce a dead bacterial culture.

[0028] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention, the dead bacterial body treatment product can also be suitably used as a dead bacterial body.

[0029] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention may contain dead bacterial cells in the form of a paste, suspension, emulsion, powder, or granules, preferably in powder form.

[0030] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises the following plant extracts: *Syzygium aromaticum* extract, mulberry leaf extract, rosehip extract, yerba mate extract, fermented black soybean powder, bergamot extract, kiwi fruit extract, dragon fruit extract, okra extract, mallow extract, hollyhock extract, mallow seed extract, dandelion extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, chrysanthemum extract, *Agaricus blazei* extract, quinoa extract, jujube extract, apple extract, *Auricularia auricula-judae* extract, ginseng extract, purple sweet potato extract, *Dictyophora indica* extract, enoki mushroom extract, wolfberry extract, cordyceps militaris extract, cocoa pod extract, corn husk extract, witch hazel leaf extract, gynostemma pentaphyllum extract, clove flower extract, licorice extract, citrus peel extract, horse chestnut seed extract, hesperidin extract, kudzu root extract, prune extract, buckwheat extract, flaxseed extract, pumpkin extract, banana extract, spinach extract, and cardamom extract. Extracts include: psyllium husk extract, atractylodes macrocephala extract, almond extract, cashew extract, Brazil nut extract, avocado extract, grape seed extract, green tea extract, amla extract, cranberry extract, garcinia cambogia extract, white kidney bean extract, oolong tea extract, chia seed extract, konjac extract, prune juice extract, apricot extract, sugarcane extract, fermented corn, peach, plum, fig extract, mushroom extract, pineapple extract, olive extract, sweet potato, carrot, asparagus extract, senna leaf extract, aloe vera extract, polygonum cuspidatum extract, cassia seed extract, rhubarb extract, polygonum multiflorum extract, ginger extract, garlic extract, inulin, chicory extract, onion extract, legume extract, corn extract, olive oil extract, flaxseed oil extract, rapeseed oil extract, plantain, oat, brown rice, black bean, red bean, mung bean, pear, banana, orange, grape, green grape, and beet.

[0031] In one embodiment, the active ingredients of the composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, plant fibers, lubricants, prebiotics, sugar alcohols, and bioactive components.

[0032] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, flaxseed, plantain, oats, brown rice, black beans, red beans, mung beans, pears, apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, green grapes, beets, and spinach.

[0033] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention further includes, but is not limited to, olive oil extract, flaxseed oil extract, and rapeseed oil extract.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the prebiotics in the plant extract of the composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, and resistant starch.

[0035] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention further includes, but is not limited to, inulin, chicory extract, onion extract, garlic extract, legume extract, and corn extract.

[0036] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains a prebiotic content of 1.2 g / serving or more in the plant extract.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains 1.2-1.4 g of prebiotics per serving in the plant extract.

[0038] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains a bioactive ingredient that promotes intestinal peristalsis, and the plant extract containing the bioactive ingredient further includes, but is not limited to, ginger extract, garlic extract, senna leaf extract, aloe vera extract, polygonum cuspidatum extract, cassia seed extract, rhubarb extract, and polygonum multiflorum extract.

[0039] In a more preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains a bioactive ingredient that promotes intestinal peristalsis, and the plant extract containing the bioactive ingredient further includes, but is not limited to, ginger extract and garlic extract.

[0040] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes one or more of sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, and xylitol.

[0041] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes one or more of the following sugar alcohol-containing plant extracts: prune juice extract, apricot extract, sugarcane extract, fermented corn, jujube, peach, plum, fig extract, mushroom extract, pineapple extract, olive extract, sweet potato, carrot, and asparagus extract.

[0042] In one embodiment, the active ingredients of the plant extract in the composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, volatile oils, and organic acids.

[0043] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises one or more of triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids.

[0044] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises polyphenols including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, catechins, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, chlorogenic acid, apple polyphenols, arbutin, quercetin, gallic acid, tea polyphenols, malvatin, ellagic acid, olive polyphenols, natural tannic acid, mulberry leaf polyphenols, puerarin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, hesperidin, naringenin, anthocyanins, carotene, epicatechin, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde. One or more of the following: cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, vanillin, coumarin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, apigenin, luteolin, sennain, delphinidin, cyanidin, silymarin, lignans, schisandrin, crocin, saffron aldehyde, leucine, hydroxytyrosol, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid, shikonin, sugarcane polyphenols, fulvic acid, dihydromyricetin, chestnut peel polyphenols, water chestnut peel polyphenols, fenugreek gum, pterostilbene, total flavonoids from sea buckthorn, and litchi polyphenols.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises one or more of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, catechins, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, chlorogenic acid, apple polyphenols, arbutin, quercetin, gallic acid, tea polyphenols, malvatin, ellagic acid, olive polyphenols, natural tannic acid, mulberry leaf polyphenols, puerarin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, anthocyanins, and epicatechin.

[0046] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises one or more of berberine, coptisine, palmatine, epiberberine, strychnine, betaine, matrine, sophoridine, dendrobine, andrographolide, piperine, ephedrine, ligustrine, capsaicin, nuciferine, sinomenine, and aconitine.

[0047] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises one or more of the following polysaccharides: L-arabinose, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide, Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide, D-mannose, D-galactose, Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, Lentinus edodes polysaccharide, Ginseng polysaccharide, Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharide, Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, Pueraria lobata polysaccharide, Mulberry polysaccharide, Oat polysaccharide, Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, Sophora japonica polysaccharide, β-glucan, α-glucan, β-galactoglucan, L-fucose, D-xylose, D-glucose, glucuronic acid, pectin, and arabinogalactan.

[0048] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises one or more of limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, linalool, α-humulene, and α-terpineol.

[0049] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes one or more of natural tannic acid, chlorogenic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and quinic acid.

[0050] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains plant extracts at a concentration of 0.1 g / serving or greater, such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, or 20 g / serving.

[0051] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains plant extracts in a concentration of 0.1-10 g / part, such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 g / part.

[0052] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains 0.1-5 g of plant extract per serving.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains 0.2-5 g of plant extract per serving.

[0054] In a more preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains 0.5-5 g of plant extract per serving.

[0055] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains 1 × 10⁻⁶ Akk bacteria. 5 -1×10 12 CFU / serving. For example, 1×10 5 1×10 6 1×10 7 1×10 8 1×10 9 1×10 10 1×10 11 1×10 12 cfu / serving.

[0056] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention further includes other probiotics beneficial to the gut, wherein the other probiotics beneficial to the gut are one or more of the genera *Lactobacillus*, *Lactobacillus*, *Lactobacillus*, *Bifidobacterium*, *Pediococcus*, *Streptococcus*, *Bacillus*, *Enterococcus*, *Clostridium*, *Saccharomyces*, and *Lactobacillus mucosae*.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes other probiotics beneficial to the gut, such as *Lactobacillus acidophilus*, *Lactobacillus curvatureii*, *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. bulgaricus, *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. lactis, *Lactobacillus gasseri*, *Lactobacillus helveticus*, *Lactobacillus johnsonii*, *Lactobacillus hummilaceus* subsp. lactis, *Lactobacillus brevis*, *Lactobacillus casei*, *Lactobacillus paracasei*, *Lactobacillus rhamnosus*, *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Bifidobacterium adolescentis*, *Bifidobacterium animalis* subsp. animalis, and *Bifidobacterium animalis* lactis. Subspecies, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis, Bifidobacterium pseudosmatae, Pediococcus pentosus, Pediococcus lactis, Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus subspecies, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus clearis, Bifidobacterium chain, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactococcus lactis, Gastrobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis.

[0058] In a more preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains one or more of the following probiotics beneficial to the gut: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium pseudosporidis, Pediococcus pentosus, Pediococcus lactis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus reuteri.

[0059] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains other probiotics beneficial to the gut with a cell count of not less than 500 million CFU / serving of the composition.

[0060] In one embodiment, the method for preparing the plant extract is selected from enzymatic hydrolysis, water extraction, alcohol extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction.

[0061] In one embodiment, the method for preparing the plant extract specifically includes: (1) selecting and processing plant raw materials, such as washing, cutting or crushing;

[0062] (2) Active ingredients are extracted using enzymatic hydrolysis, water extraction, alcohol extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction.

[0063] (3) The extract was separated and purified by methods such as filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, membrane separation and crystallization;

[0064] (4) Concentrate and dry the extract using techniques such as evaporation, freeze drying or spray drying.

[0065] Vitamin D can promote calcium absorption, facilitate the contraction of intestinal smooth muscle, promote intestinal peristalsis, and improve constipation caused by intestinal problems.

[0066] In one embodiment, the probiotic composition of the present invention further includes vitamins. More specifically, the vitamins are one or more of vitamin B and vitamin D.

[0067] In one embodiment, the probiotic composition of the present invention further includes minerals.

[0068] In one embodiment, the probiotic composition of the present invention includes one or more of magnesium, zinc, and selenium.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains magnesium in the form of magnesium ions, including one or more of magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium malate, magnesium citrate, magnesium tartrate, and magnesium oxide.

[0070] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention further includes polyethylene glycol (PEG).

[0071] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention further includes dietary fiber; further comprising fruit and vegetable fiber and / or composite fiber.

[0072] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention further includes prebiotics.

[0073] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS).

[0074] In one embodiment, the prebiotic in the composition of the present invention is polydextrose.

[0075] In one embodiment, the prebiotic in the composition of the present invention is galactooligosaccharide (GOS).

[0076] In one embodiment, the prebiotic in the composition of the present invention is fructooligosaccharide (FOS).

[0077] This invention provides a composition comprising plant extracts and Akk bacteria, wherein the composition is prepared into a human-acceptable formulation by adding food-grade additives, including but not limited to tablets, soft capsules, capsules, powders, crystals, jellies, oral liquids, and sprays.

[0078] The present invention also provides the use of any of the compositions comprising plant extracts and Akk bacteria in improving gut health.

[0079] Furthermore, the present invention also provides the use of any of the compositions comprising plant extracts and Akk bacteria in relieving flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and promoting defecation.

[0080] Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of any of the compositions comprising plant extracts and Akk bacteria in relieving constipation and promoting defecation.

[0081] This invention provides a composition comprising plant extracts and Akk bacteria, which can rapidly increase the abundance of Akkia myxophilus in the intestinal environment, promote the reproduction of Akkia myxophilus in the intestine, increase the types and abundance of probiotics in the intestine, colonize beneficial bacteria, and eliminate harmful bacteria, thereby relieving bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, improving intestinal health, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation.

[0082] Terminology Explanation

[0083] The aforementioned "plant extracts" can promote the growth of intestinal bacteria and selectively stimulate the growth of symbiotic beneficial bacteria. Five-layer dragon extract contains abundant kotananol and salacinol, which can effectively reduce the activity of α-glucosidase. With reduced α-glucosidase activity, the sugars digested by the human body cannot be effectively broken down into glucose for absorption in the small intestine. Some sugars enter the large intestine directly in the form of oligosaccharides, becoming food for intestinal probiotics, thereby increasing the number of probiotics and improving the intestinal environment. Mulberry leaf extract contains mulberry leaf polyphenols, 1-deoxynojirimycin, and other activities, and has effects such as blood sugar control, weight control, and breath freshening. Rosehip extract has significant anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, hypoxia tolerance, thrombosis removal, blood pressure lowering, cancer prevention, cancer treatment, strengthening the body and enhancing male virility, improving brain function and intelligence, and prolonging life. It can also strengthen the spleen and aid digestion, promote blood circulation and regulate menstruation, improve sleep, and astringe the lungs and relieve cough. It can be used for indigestion, loss of appetite, abdominal distension and pain, diarrhea, irregular menstruation, and dysmenorrhea. Kiwi fruit extract can restructure the gut microbiome and contains polysaccharides and polyphenols that can effectively relieve constipation caused by loperamide, increasing bowel movements and gastric emptying. Dragon fruit extract has the effects of preventing constipation, promoting eye health, increasing bone density, helping cell membrane growth, and preventing anemia. Okra extract contains a large amount of flavonoids, a certain amount of flavonoids and vitamin E, polysaccharides, and rich plant fiber, which can help lower blood lipids and blood sugar, eliminate free radicals in the body, protect liver cells, reduce the burden on the liver, promote the generation of human immune cells and enhance immune function, enhance the body's resistance, prevent and treat diseases such as infections and tumors, promote intestinal peristalsis, and enhance intestinal motility, thus playing a role in preventing and treating constipation. It can also protect skin cells from ultraviolet damage, reduce wrinkles and pigmentation, and maintain beautiful and healthy skin. Mallow extract has calming, antihypertensive, digestive-promoting, gastrointestinal-regulating, diuretic, and constipation-relieving effects. Malva verticillata extract has the effects of promoting urination and defecation, detoxifying and dispersing nodules. It can treat symptoms such as difficulty in urination and defecation, globus hystericus, and can also detoxify pufferfish poisoning. It has antibacterial effects, can treat mucosal inflammation, and has a protective and soothing effect on irritation. It can also clear heat, stop bleeding, reduce swelling and detoxify. Malva verticillata seed extract has the effects of promoting urination and relieving strangury, promoting lactation and relieving bloating, and moistening the intestines and relieving constipation. It is often used to treat and relieve strangury, edema, difficulty in urination, insufficient lactation, breast distension and pain, and constipation. Dandelion extract contains a variety of active substances, such as sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenoids, phytosterols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and steroids. Among them, phenolic acids are rich in content and have diuretic, laxative, jaundice-reducing, and choleretic effects. Agaricus blazei extract contains rich bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, sterols, nucleic acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. The main active ingredient in jujube extract is jujube polysaccharide, which has the effects of tonifying the spleen and stomach, nourishing the heart and calming the mind, and moderating the effects of other medicines. It is used to treat conditions such as insufficient Qi, weak spleen and stomach, fatigue, poor appetite and loose stools, hysteria in women, and mental restlessness.Apple extract contains bioactive substances such as polyphenols, triterpenes, pectin, and dietary fiber, offering various health benefits, including preventing hypertension, anti-aging, anti-tumor effects, preventing tooth decay, weight loss, promoting development, enhancing memory, and improving sleep. Auricularia auricula-judae extract is rich in polysaccharides, composed of monosaccharides such as L-fucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and glucuronic acid. It is commonly used for qi and blood deficiency, lung deficiency cough, hemoptysis, hypertension, and constipation; the gelatinous substance in auricularia auricula-judae has lung-moistening and gastrointestinal cleansing functions. Ginseng extract can improve the composition of intestinal flora, enriching Enterococcus faecalis in the intestines and promoting the production of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids—myristoleic acid (MA)—which participate in the body's energy metabolism. Purple sweet potato extract is rich in dietary fiber, starch, vitamins, trace elements (selenium, iron, calcium, potassium, etc.), as well as anthocyanins, glycoproteins, carotene, dehydroepiandrosterone, and other functional factors. It has anti-cancer, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, blood-tonifying, liver-protecting, cardiovascular-disease-resistant, and anti-mutagenic effects, and can be used to relieve constipation, spleen deficiency, and dry throat. Bamboo fungus extract contains polysaccharides, amino acids, and other components, showing significant effects on weight loss, cancer prevention, blood pressure reduction, and skin whitening and dark spot removal. Enoki mushroom extract contains dietary fiber, polysaccharides, and other functional components. These components have a good swelling effect in the gastrointestinal tract, effectively adsorbing and encapsulating the oil components in food, and eliminating them from the body through intestinal peristalsis. It has the functions of regulating flora, regulating metabolism, promoting defecation, and inhibiting oil absorption. Cocoa pod extract contains phenolic substances, protocatechuic acid, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, and other substances, which have a strong effect on adipose tissue and immune cells in mice, helping to reverse obesity-related chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Corn husk extract has the effects of inhibiting cholesterol growth in human blood, preventing coronary artery sclerosis and cardiovascular disease, and also has multiple functions such as regulating intestinal flora, promoting the growth of beneficial bifidobacteria, inhibiting the growth of putrefactive bacteria, preventing constipation, and preventing aging. Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract has effects such as lowering blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, increasing coronary artery and cerebral blood flow, anti-aging, strengthening the body, enhancing immunity, protecting the liver, sedation and analgesia, and anti-ulcer effects. It has significant therapeutic effects on the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity, chronic hepatitis, chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic cholecystitis, peptic ulcer disease, and bronchitis. Clove flower extract has stomach-strengthening effects, relieving abdominal bloating, enhancing digestion, and alleviating nausea and vomiting. Clove volatile oil and eugenol can significantly increase gastric mucus secretion, making it useful for treating gastric ulcers and diarrhea. Licorice extract contains bioactive components such as glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizin flavonoids, gentianin, gentianin, and quercetin. It has the effects of tonifying the spleen and replenishing qi, clearing heat and detoxifying, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, relieving spasms and pain, and harmonizing other medicines. It is used to treat symptoms such as spleen and stomach weakness, fatigue, palpitations, shortness of breath, cough with excessive phlegm, and abdominal and limb cramps and pain.Citrus peel extract contains various bioactive components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, limonene, volatile oils, and dietary fiber. It possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergic, nervous system protective, atherosclerosis prevention, anti-tumor, vasoconstrictive, hypertension-increasing, and bronchodilator effects. It can also improve metabolism, increase calorie consumption, oxidize fat, aid weight loss, prevent atherosclerosis, and has analgesic, hypnotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimalarial, and insecticidal effects. Prune extract contains water-soluble natural pectin fiber and insoluble plant fiber, which can effectively increase intestinal motility and bowel movement frequency. It can also synthesize xylitol and sorbitol in the body. Xylitol accelerates gastric emptying and reduces intestinal peristalsis time, while sorbitol has a relaxing and soothing effect on the stomach and intestines and regulates intestinal flora, helping to soften intestinal waste. Buckwheat extract is rich in vitamins, various amino acids, and trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium. It is effective in preventing and treating hypertension, tuberculosis, gastrointestinal infections, and hair loss. It also has functions such as killing intestinal bacteria, eliminating stagnation, lowering blood lipids, eliminating dampness and detoxifying, treating kidney deficiency, migraines, and alleviating or eliminating tumors. It also has anti-cancer effects. Spinach extract can replenish blood and stop bleeding, benefit the five internal organs, promote blood circulation, quench thirst and moisten the intestines, nourish yin and calm the liver, and aid digestion. It is mainly used to treat hypertension, headaches, dizziness, red eyes due to wind-heat, diabetes, and constipation. Psyllium husk extract has the effects of moistening the intestines and relieving constipation, and lowering blood lipids.

[0084] The "plant fiber" mentioned is a complex carbohydrate extracted from plant materials that cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body. It is mainly composed of natural macromolecular compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. It has water-absorbing and swelling properties, increasing stool volume and helping to prevent and treat constipation.

[0085] The "lubricant" refers to plant oils, plant waxes, etc., extracted from plant materials. By coating the surface of feces, it forms a lubricating film, reducing friction between the feces and the intestinal wall, making the feces move more easily within the intestines. Furthermore, plant lubricants, especially plant oils containing fatty acids, can help soften dry, hardened feces, making it easier for the softened feces to pass through the intestines.

[0086] The "sugar alcohol" is a polyol containing two or more hydroxyl groups. It can be absorbed and metabolized by the human body. It forms a hypertonic environment in the intestines, absorbs more water into the intestines, promotes fermentation, increases the weight and water content of feces, and thus effectively relieves constipation.

[0087] The term "prebiotic" refers to substances extracted from plants that function as prebiotics. Prebiotics are a special type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body, but can be utilized by beneficial bacteria in the gut, thus having a positive impact on the host's health. Examples of prebiotics found in plant extracts include inulin, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, pectin, resistant starch, and some plant dietary fibers.

[0088] The "polyphenols" mentioned above are classified into flavonoids and non-flavonoid compounds according to their structure. Polyphenol mixtures and monomers can also significantly affect the composition of the intestinal flora. For example, polyphenols can increase the abundance of Bifidobacterium, and other beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and Akkermansia muciniphila will also be significantly promoted to grow. However, the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium will be inhibited, and the metabolic expression of the intestinal flora will also be changed.

[0089] The term "alkaloids" refers to a class of nitrogen-containing natural compounds widely found in plants. They play important physiological and pharmacological roles in many plants and have potential prebiotic effects. Some alkaloids stimulate intestinal smooth muscle, increasing intestinal peristalsis and thus aiding in defecation. Others possess anti-inflammatory properties, reducing intestinal inflammation and helping to improve intestinal health. For example, matrine is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat skin diseases and inflammation. Aloe vera contains various biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. Ge Gen Qin Lian Tang and berberine can regulate the composition of intestinal flora and enrich butyrate-producing bacteria such as *Femtobacter* and *Roseobacter*. Trigonelline has various pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects. These alkaloids may exist in plants in free form or combined with sugars and organic acids to form glycosides or esters.

[0090] The "polysaccharide" is composed of multiple monosaccharide molecules linked by glycosidic bonds. It is a class of complex and large carbohydrates with various biological activities, including enhancing immunity, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. Polysaccharides can regulate the composition and metabolism of intestinal flora, significantly improving intestinal flora diversity. For example, low concentrations of kudzu root polysaccharides can significantly reduce pathogenic bacteria (Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Alcaligenes) and increase beneficial bacteria (Typhonium, Faecium, and anaerobic Corynebacterium).

[0091] The "volatile oil" has biological activities such as bactericidal, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. It can scavenge free radicals and play an antioxidant role, as well as regulate intestinal flora and promote digestive secretion.

[0092] The "organic acids" mentioned are compounds containing carboxyl groups in their molecular structure, which can reduce the toxic substances produced by bacteria, improve the morphology of the intestinal wall, and reduce the accumulation of pathogens in the intestine.

[0093] Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) is a common intestinal bacterium, a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the phylum Verrucous. This bacterium primarily inhabits the intestines of humans and animals and can break down mucin in the intestinal mucus layer. It is a member of the gut microbiota and plays a role in enhancing the intestinal barrier. Numerous studies have shown that the occurrence, development, and outcome of many clinical diseases (such as obesity, diabetes, pancreatitis, fatty liver, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer) are closely related to abnormal intestinal barrier function. Intervention and treatment targeting abnormal intestinal barrier function have a very positive effect on preventing disease progression and accelerating recovery.

[0094] The term "postbiotics" refers to the collective components of probiotics after processing, including bacterial cells and metabolites. As inanimate microorganisms, postbiotics mainly consist of inactivated bacterial cells, bacterial lysates, cell wall components, and metabolites.

[0095] The "AKK inactivated bacteria" are AKK bacteria that have lost their ability to reproduce but retain their structural and / or functional components through physical or chemical treatment methods (such as pasteurization, radiation, etc.).

[0096] The "AKK lysate bacteria" are produced by mechanically or chemically destroying the cell wall of AKK bacteria to release intracellular components, including but not limited to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

[0097] The term "pasteurization" refers to a mild sterilization method that kills or inactivates microorganisms by heating to a certain temperature (usually not exceeding 100°C) and maintaining it for a period of time, while minimizing damage to the product's components.

[0098] The term "pasteurized Akkermansia myxophilus" refers to a type of Akkermansia myxophilus (AKK) that has been pasteurized and is no longer viable. Pasteurized Akkermansia myxophilus is a metabiotic; although it loses its ability to grow after inactivation, its cellular components (such as the cell wall and cell membrane) and metabolites may still have beneficial effects on the host, such as improving gut health and enhancing immune function.

[0099] The term "probiotics" refers to a general term for active beneficial microorganisms with definite health benefits that colonize the human body (mainly the intestines and reproductive system), improve the composition and microecological balance of the host's flora in a certain part, and exert beneficial effects. Lactobacillus is a general term for various bacteria that can break down sugars such as glucose into lactic acid. They have a strong ability to metabolize carbohydrates and produce acid, can synthesize glucans and heteropolysaccharides, and can ferment sugars to produce lactic acid or other acidic substances. Lactobacillus residing in the intestines and vagina has a protective effect on the body; it has functions such as regulating intestinal flora, enhancing immunity, protecting the gastric mucosa, improving intestinal function, promoting bowel movements, preventing and treating diarrhea, promoting digestion, anti-tumor activity, and anti-oxidation. Lactobacillus includes, but is not limited to, *Lactobacillus acidophilus*, *Lactobacillus curvatureii*, *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. bulgaricus, *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. lactis, *Lactobacillus gasseri*, *Lactobacillus helveticus*, *Lactobacillus johnsonii*, *Lactobacillus maltii* subsp. maltii, and *Lactobacillus brevis*. *Lactobacillus deutschlandii* subsp. bulgaricus possesses important physiological functions such as regulating gastrointestinal health, relieving bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, promoting digestion and absorption, enhancing immune function, and exhibiting anti-cancer and anti-tumor effects. *Lactobacillus acidophilus* can inhibit the growth of *Escherichia coli*, improve the intestinal environment, relieve stomach discomfort symptoms, and has anti-allergic properties. *Lactobacillus johnsonii* can improve obese physique, reduce body fat, and decrease cholesterol. It also stabilizes the intestinal flora, maintaining a gut microbiota with a predominance of beneficial bacteria and a predominance of harmful bacteria, thereby stimulating the mucosa and strengthening the immune system, thus having a cleansing and protective effect on the intestines. *Lactobacillus helveticus* has strong proteolytic activity, and its fermented dairy products have a high polypeptide content, thus possessing the potential to produce bioactive peptides. *Lactobacillus helveticus* hydrolyzes milk protein to produce angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide (ACEIP), which is the most frequently reported lactic acid bacteria in blood pressure-lowering studies. It also has functions such as relieving hypertension, maintaining intestinal flora balance, promoting calcium absorption, and improving sleep. Lactobacillus gasseri, also known as Lactobacillus gasseri, has the ability to regulate the intestinal flora, which is beneficial for improving intestinal immunity and resistance. It can maintain the acid-base balance of the intestine, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, and maintain the balance of the intestinal flora. In addition, Lactobacillus gasseri can enhance the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier, preventing the invasion and absorption of harmful substances and protecting intestinal health. Lactobacillus brevis is resistant to acid and salt, and can survive in harsh environments. It can reach the intestine alive, remain in the intestine, and produce a large amount of lactic acid to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and regulate the intestinal environment. The genus *Lactobacillus* includes, but is not limited to, *Lactobacillus casei*, *Lactobacillus paracasei*, and *Lactobacillus rhamnosus*. *Lactobacillus casei* can tolerate the organism's defense mechanisms and can accumulate in large quantities in the human intestine after entering the body, playing a role in regulating the balance of intestinal flora and promoting human digestion and absorption. *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* is a probiotic that can regulate the microecological balance and enhance the host's intestinal resistance.*Lactobacillus paracasei* possesses acid and bile salt resistance and maintains good activity in simulated digestive fluids. It also exhibits antibacterial properties and good cell adhesion, regulating intestinal flora, protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier, reducing inflammatory factors in the intestine, and alleviating colitis. *Lactobacillus* spp. include, but are not limited to, *Lactobacillus plantarum*. *Lactobacillus plantarum* has strong acid and bile salt resistance and also possesses probiotic properties such as enhancing immunity, improving intestinal flora structure and function, maintaining intestinal flora balance, and lowering cholesterol. After colonizing the intestine, *Lactobacillus plantarum* can produce antibacterial substances such as bacteriocins, organic acids, and diacetyl, thereby inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, maintaining intestinal flora balance, and improving intestinal diseases such as constipation and diarrhea. *Bifidobacterium* spp. have effects such as regulating intestinal flora and immune function. *Bifidobacterium* spp. include, but are not limited to, *Bifidobacterium adolescentis*, *Bifidobacterium animalis* subspecies, *Bifidobacterium animalis* subspecies, *Bifidobacterium bifidum*, *Bifidobacterium longum* subspecies, *Bifidobacterium longum* subspecies, and *Bifidobacterium pseudosporidis*. Bifidobacterium lactis (now updated to Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies) is a probiotic for the gut. It can inhibit the growth of putrefactive bacteria in the intestines and participate in the synthesis of vitamins B1, B2, B6, and K. It can also promote the degradation and absorption of food and prevent iron-deficiency anemia or osteomalacia. In addition, Bifidobacterium lactis has a protective effect on human health, forming a biological barrier and having certain immune-enhancing and anti-tumor effects. The large amount of short-chain fatty acids it secretes can acidify the intestines, control abnormal fermentation caused by harmful bacteria, increase the osmotic pressure in the intestines, stimulate gastrointestinal motility, and promote defecation. Bifidobacterium adolescentis is a probiotic that can treat chronic diarrhea and constipation and also has anti-aging effects. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. *longum* effectively inhibits pathogenic bacteria in the gut. By producing organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, and secreting antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins, it effectively lowers the pH of the environment, inhibiting the growth and reproduction of acid-sensitive pathogens. In fact, the accumulation of intracellular organic acids can even lead to the death of pathogenic bacteria, thus effectively alleviating gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), regulating intestinal flora imbalance, and improving symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, bloating, and difficulty in defecation. *Bifidobacterium pseudosporidis* is the most morphologically varied Bifidobacterium species, widely present in the intestines of children, adults, and healthy elderly people. It has probiotic functions such as regulating immunity, reducing inflammation, regulating the nervous system, and improving glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children. *Pediococcus* spp. include, but are not limited to, *Pediococcus pentosaceus* and *Pediococcus lactis*. *Pediococcus pentosaceus* can ferment various sugars as carbon sources to produce organic acids, which have functions such as inhibiting bacterial proliferation, regulating intestinal immunity, lowering cholesterol, reducing body fat deposition, and anti-tumor effects.*Pediococcus lactis* produces acid, which regulates the intestinal flora and maintains the balance of the intestinal microecology. In animals, it has an antagonistic effect on pathogenic microorganisms, competitively inhibiting them, enhancing the animal's immune function, producing beneficial metabolites, activating the activity of acidic proteases, participating in metabolism, and preventing the production of harmful substances. *Streptococcus* genus includes, but is not limited to, *Streptococcus thermophilus* subsp. *salivarius* and *Streptococcus faecalis*. *Streptococcus thermophilus* subsp. *salivarius* produces extracellular polysaccharides, bacteriocins, and vitamins, and is a potentially beneficial bacterium. It can improve the intestinal microenvironment, lower intestinal pH, promote intestinal peristalsis, prevent pathogen colonization, inhibit pathogen growth through bacteriocin secretion, and also has functions such as regulating blood pressure, anti-cancer, and delaying aging. *Enterococcus* genus includes, but is not limited to, *Enterococcus faecalis*. Enterococcus faecalis exists in the upper respiratory tract, digestive tract, and reproductive tract of humans and animals. It is a component of the normal intestinal flora in humans and animals, producing antibacterial substances such as bacteriocins to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, thus improving the intestinal microenvironment. Bacillus species include, but are not limited to, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus natto. Bacillus coagulans, when multiplying in the intestine, secretes xylanase, α-amylase, lipase, and protease, promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. During its metabolism, it produces an antibacterial substance called coagulin, which inhibits the growth of various pathogenic bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans), thereby regulating the balance of the intestinal microecology. Bacillus licheniformis can promote the growth of normal physiological anaerobic bacteria in the intestine, adjust intestinal flora imbalance, and restore intestinal function. It has a special effect on intestinal bacterial infections, and has significant efficacy against mild or severe acute enteritis, mild and common acute bacillary dysentery, etc. It can produce anti-active substances and has a unique biological oxygen-scavenging mechanism, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. Bacillus subtilis can produce active substances such as subtilisin, polymyxin, nystatin, and bacitracin during its growth process, which have a significant inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria or endogenous conditional pathogens. It rapidly consumes free oxygen in the intestine, causing intestinal hypoxia, promoting the growth of beneficial anaerobic bacteria, and indirectly inhibiting the growth of other pathogenic bacteria. Bacillus subtilis cells synthesize enzymes such as α-amylase, protease, lipase, and cellulase, which work together with digestive enzymes in the digestive tract (animals and humans). It can synthesize various B vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin, and enhance the activity of interferon and macrophages in animals and humans.Bacillus natto has hypoglycemic and blood sugar stabilizing effects, and can be used in the preparation of drugs or preparations to lower and stabilize blood sugar. Its expression in the intestines significantly promotes hypoglycemic and blood sugar stabilizing effects in vivo. Simultaneously, Bacillus natto has significant effects on weight loss, reducing serum triglyceride levels, reducing white fat weight, and decreasing adipocyte diameter. Furthermore, Bacillus natto can enter the animal intestines and survive for a long time, enhancing the body's immunity, regulating the number of dominant intestinal bacteria, altering intestinal nutrients, and preventing constipation. Clostridium species include, but are not limited to, Clostridium butyricum. Clostridium butyricum (also known as butyric acid bacteria) has a strong intestinal regulating effect. It can inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the intestines, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, and produce B vitamins, vitamin K, and other substances that have health benefits for the body. It can adjust the balance of intestinal flora and promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria. It has good efficacy for symptoms such as acute and chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-associated enteritis, and constipation caused by flora imbalance. It can also play an adjunctive therapeutic role in enteritis, cirrhosis, and decreased immune function caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Yeasts include, but are not limited to, Saccharomyces boulardii. *Saccharomyces boulardii*, a subspecies of *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, has a positive impact on intestinal homeostasis in humans and animals. It helps restore normal flora and acts as a regulator of normal flora during susceptible periods through colonization until normal flora is rebuilt. It can rapidly revive in the gastrointestinal tract. By consuming oxygen and creating an anaerobic environment through the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, its produced enzymes can directly interact with vitamins and volatile fatty acids metabolized by gastrointestinal tissues, thereby lowering the intestinal pH, improving the intestinal environment, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as *Escherichia coli*, and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as *Bifidobacterium* and *Lactobacillus*. *Lactobacillus* genus includes, but is not limited to, *Lactobacillus fermentum* and *Lactobacillus reuteri*. *Lactobacillus fermentum* (formerly *Lactobacillus fermentum*) has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities, can maintain intestinal microecological balance, promote digestion and absorption, and enhance immunity. Lactobacillus reuteri (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri) has a strong adhesion ability to the intestinal mucosa, which can improve the distribution of intestinal flora, antagonize the colonization of harmful bacteria, and prevent intestinal diseases; it can produce a non-protein broad-spectrum antibacterial substance called "Reuterin", which can widely inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, fungi and pathogens; it can improve human function, enhance immunity and thus promote human health. Attached Figure Description

[0100] Figure 1 This is the result of the number of fecal particles within 6 hours.

[0101] Figure 2 The result of stool weight test within 6 hours

[0102] Figure 3 This is the result of rectal stool moisture test.

[0103] Figure 4 This is the result of small intestinal propulsion rate testing. Detailed Implementation

[0104] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. The content mentioned in the embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0105] Example

[0106] Example 1

[0107] Add Akk bacteria 10 6 The composition was obtained by adding 0.5g of CFU and 5-layer dragon extract.

[0108] Example 2

[0109] Add Akk bacteria 10 6 The composition was obtained by adding 1g of CFU and kiwi fruit extract.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] Add Akk bacteria 10 6 The composition was obtained by adding 1g of CFU and prune extract.

[0112] Example 4

[0113] Add Akk bacteria 10 7 The composition was obtained by adding 1g of CFU and 1g of dragon fruit extract.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] Add Akk bacteria 10 7 A composition was obtained by mixing CFU and 1.5g of okra extract.

[0116] Example 6

[0117] Add Akk bacteria 10 7 The composition was obtained by mixing CFU and 1.5g of Scutellaria baicalensis extract.

[0118] Example 7

[0119] Add Akk bacteria 10 7 The composition was obtained by adding 2g of CFU and 2g of cardamom extract.

[0120] Example 8

[0121] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 CFU, Pueraria lobata extract 1g, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 5×10 9 CFU yields the composition.

[0122] Example 9

[0123] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 CFU, 1g chrysanthemum extract, 5×10g Bifidobacterium adolescentis 9 CFU yields the composition.

[0124] Example 10

[0125] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 CFU, horse chestnut extract 2g, Clostridium butyricum 5×10 9 CFU yields the composition.

[0126] Example 11

[0127] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 CFU, horse chestnut extract 3g, Lactobacillus paracasei 5×10 9 CFU yields the composition.

[0128] Example 12

[0129] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 CFU, horse chestnut extract 4g, Akk postbiotic 10g 9 CFU yields the composition.

[0130] Example 13

[0131] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 CFU, horse chestnut extract 3g, Akk postbiotic 10g 8 CFU, Lactobacillus paracasei 5×10 9 CFU yields the composition.

[0132] Example 14

[0133] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 The composition was obtained by adding 1g of CFU and quinoa extract.

[0134] Example 15

[0135] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 The composition was obtained by adding 2g of CFU and 2g of dandelion extract.

[0136] Example 16

[0137] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 CFU, dragon fruit extract 2g, Bacillus natto 5×10 9 CFU yields the composition.

[0138] Example 17

[0139] Add Akk bacteria 10 9 The composition was obtained by adding 2g of CFU and 2g of kiwi fruit extract.

[0140] Example 15

[0141] Add Akk bacteria 10 9 The composition was obtained by adding 1g of CFU and 1g of apple extract.

[0142] Example 18

[0143] Add Akk bacteria 10 9 The composition was obtained by adding CFU and 3g of fermented black bean powder.

[0144] Example 19

[0145] Add Akk bacteria 10 8 A composition was obtained by adding 4g of CFU and 4g of rosehip extract.

[0146] Example 20

[0147] Add Akk bacteria 10 9 A composition was obtained by adding 5g of CFU and 5g of purple sweet potato extract.

[0148] Example 21: AKK + Kiwi extract made into jelly

[0149] In this embodiment, 1×10 8 A mixture of CFU / g Akk bacteria and 1% kiwi extract was added to a jelly base (water, sugar, carrageenan, etc.) to produce an Akk bacteria content of 1×10⁻⁶. 7 The jelly contains CFU / 100g. The preparation method includes dissolving kiwi extract in hot water, cooling it, mixing it with Akk bacterial solution, adding the jelly matrix and stirring evenly, heating it to boiling, filling it into aseptic jelly strips, cooling and solidifying it, and then sealing it.

[0150] Example 22: AKK + Dragon Fruit Extract + Other Probiotic Powder Strips

[0151] In this embodiment, 1×10 9 CFU / g Akk bacteria, 1% dragon fruit extract, and containing 1×10 9 A mixture of other beneficial gut bacteria (lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria) at CFU / g is added, along with rice flour, maltodextrin, and other excipients, to produce a product containing 1×10 CFU / g per sachet. 8 CFUAkk bacteria and 1×10 8 CFU (Chronic Acid Bacteria) and other beneficial bacteria (lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria) powder strips. The preparation method involves mixing dragon fruit extract with other excipients, mixing evenly with bacterial solution, spray drying to form powder, and then filling into aseptic strips.

[0152] Example 23 AKK+ Rosehip Extract Oral Solution

[0153] In this embodiment, 1×109 A mixture of CFU / ml Akk bacteria and 2% rosehip extract, with the addition of appropriate amounts of glycerin, potassium sorbate, and other stabilizers and preservatives, yields an Akk bacteria content of 1×10⁻⁶. 8 An oral solution containing CFU / 10ml. The preparation method includes dissolving rosehip extract in sterile water, mixing it evenly with Akk bacterial solution, adjusting the pH value, filtering for sterilization, filling into sterile bottles, and sealing.

[0154] Test case

[0155] Test Example 1: An Experimental Study on the Promotion of Akk Bacterium Growth by Plant Extracts

[0156] formula Test Example 1 BHI (Brain and Heart Infusion Broth) + 0.2% Mucin + 1% Plant Extracts Test Example 2 BHI + 0.2% mucin + 1% plant extract + Akk bacteria Test Example 3 BHI + 0.2% mucin + Akk bacteria Test Example 4 BHI + 0.2% mucin + 2% plant extract + Akk bacteria Test Example 5 BHI + 0.2% mucin + 4% plant extract + Akk bacteria Test Example 6 BHI + 0.2% mucin + 0.5% plant extract + Akk bacteria

[0157] The experimental results showed that plant extracts promoted the proliferation of Akk bacteria.

[0158] Test Example 2: Fermentation experiment of Akk bacteria on plant extracts

[0159] Akk bacteria were activated with a 2% inoculum, then transferred to a 4% culture medium and cultured for 48 hours. 4% Akk bacteria were then inoculated into the experimental culture medium and anaerobically cultured at 37°C. 200 μL samples were taken at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h to determine OD600. After 48 h, the supernatant was centrifuged and sent for short-chain fatty acid content determination.

[0160] The experimental results showed that the OD600 values ​​at 24 and 48 hours were significantly increased compared to 0 hours, indicating that Akk bacteria successfully grew during this period. Furthermore, an increase in short-chain fatty acid content was detected.

[0161] Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by gut microbes through the fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates (such as dietary fiber), and mainly include acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. They help maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and prevent harmful substances from entering the body through the intestines.

[0162] Test Example 3: Mouse Defecation Experiment

[0163] Based on the experimental methods recommended by the National Health Commission, plant extracts and Akk bacteria were compounded in different proportions and administered to mice by gavage. The time to first black stool, stool weight, number of stool particles, and small intestinal ink propulsion rate were measured.

[0164] formula Test Example 7 <![CDATA[Plant extract 0.5 g / d + 10 6 cfu / d Akk bacteria]]> Test Example 8 <![CDATA[Plant extract 1 g / d + 10 6 cfu / d Akk bacteria]]> Test Example 9 <![CDATA[Plant extract 2 g / d + 10 6 cfu / d Akk bacteria]]> Test Case 10 <![CDATA[4 g / d of plant extract + 10 6 cfu / d Akkermansia]]> Test Example 11 <![CDATA[Plant extract 2 g / d + 10 7 cfu / d Akkermansia]]> Test Example 12 <![CDATA[Plant extract 2 g / d + 10 8 cfu / d Akk bacteria]]> Test Example 13 <![CDATA[Plant extract 2 g / d + 10 9 cfu / d Akk bacteria]]>

[0165] 3.1 Sample preparation

[0166] Sample: Prepared with physiological saline to the specified concentration and administered by gavage, freshly prepared and used daily.

[0167] Experimental animals: SPF-grade male Balb / c mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 18-22g, totaling 144 mice. They were housed in a clean-grade animal laboratory with a 12-hour diurnal cycle, constant temperature (21℃-23℃), and humidity of 55%-58%. Formal experiments began after one week of acclimatization.

[0168] Instruments, consumables and reagents: loperamide hydrochloride, Indian ink, gavage needles, disposable syringes, electronic balances, dissecting instruments, etc.

[0169] 3.2 Experimental Procedure

[0170] After one week of acclimatization, 144 Balb / c mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 18 mice each. The experimental drug administration period was 14 days. For the first 7 days, samples were administered via gavage. For the next 7 days, except for the control group, all other groups were modeled using a progenitor agent. In the morning, mice were administered loperamide hydrochloride (10 mg / kg) via gavage. In the afternoon, the sample groups were administered the specified dose via gavage. The control group and the model group were given an equal volume of distilled water. After the sample gavage, each group of 18 mice was divided into group A and group B. Group A (n=10) was used for fecal characteristics observation, and group B (n=8) was used for intestinal propulsion experiments, (HE) staining, intestinal flora sequencing experiments, and intestinal fecal water content detection. Specific drug dosages are shown in Table 1.

[0171] Table 1. Experimental Groups and Dosages

[0172]

[0173] 3.3 Experimental Data

[0174] 3.3.1. General observation of mice

[0175] Observe changes in the mice's fur, activity level, and mental state throughout the experiment. Weight and food intake were recorded for all mice during the experiment, twice a week.

[0176] 3.3.2. Mouse fecal parameters - Group A mice

[0177] On the evening of day 13, mice in group A were fasted and deprived of water for 12–16 hours. On the morning of day 14, they were given loperamide hydrochloride by gavage, while the control group was given an equal volume of 5% CMC-Na. One hour later, the sample group was given samples by gavage, while the normal group and model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline by gavage. Thirty minutes after gavage, each mouse in each group was given 0.2 mL of ink by gavage. The mice were placed in clean cages separated by partitions, with one mouse in each compartment. The surrounding environment was kept quiet, and feces were collected over 6 hours. The time of the first defecation, the number of fecal particles in 6 hours, and the weight of feces collected in 6 hours were recorded.

[0178] 3.3.3. Small intestinal propulsion rate and rectal fecal water content - Group B mice

[0179] Group B mice were treated the same as Group A mice. Thirty minutes after gavage, each mouse in each group was given 0.2 ml of ink. Twenty minutes later, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The small intestine was removed and placed on a graduated plate. The distances from the pylorus to the tip of the ink (L1) and from the pylorus to the cecum (L2) were measured, and the small intestinal propulsion rate was calculated. Small intestinal propulsion rate = L1 / L2 × 100%.

[0180] Collect fecal particles from the rectum and weigh them. Then, place the feces in an electrically heated air drying oven to dry until a constant weight is obtained. Weigh the dried feces and calculate the rectal fecal moisture content. Fecal moisture content (%) = [(wet weight - dry weight) / wet weight] × 100%.

[0181] 3.3.4. Colonic histopathological examination

[0182] Two cm sections of colonic tissue were taken from mice in group B, preserved in fixative, embedded in paraffin overnight, and then prepared into paraffin sections for HE staining. Pathological changes in the colonic tissue were observed under a light microscope, and photographs were taken and preserved. The scoring criteria are shown in Table 2 below.

[0183] Table 2. Scoring criteria for colon pathological sections

[0184]

[0185]

[0186] 3.3.5. Effects of the sample on the gut microbiota of mice

[0187] Fecal samples from the ileocecal junction of mice in group B were collected and placed in sterile cryovials. The operation should be rapid, and contamination should be avoided as much as possible during the process. All samples were placed in liquid nitrogen immediately after collection, stored on dry ice after sampling, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze the abundance of fecal microbiota in each group of mice.

[0188] 3.3.6. Data Processing

[0189] The experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard error (Mean ± SEM). All data were processed and statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0. The t-test was used to compare the means of two groups, and the ANOVA test was used to compare the means of multiple groups. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0190] 2.3.2 Interpretation of Animal Experiment Results

[0191] 3.4 Experimental Results

[0192] 3.4.1. Number of fecal particles within 6 hours

[0193] The number of fecal particles in mice was collected and recorded over 6 hours as the endpoint. Results showed that the total number of fecal particles in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group, indicating successful model construction. Compared with the model group, the number of fecal particles in the compound G3 group was significantly higher over 6 hours, indicating that the compound has a defecation-promoting effect. See details... Figure 1 .

[0194] 3.4.2.6 h fecal weight

[0195] The total fecal volume of mice within 6 hours was collected and weighed. Results showed that, compared to the control group, the fecal weight in the model group was significantly reduced over 6 hours. Compared to the model group, the fecal weight in the compound G3 group was significantly increased over 6 hours, indicating that the compound of this invention has a defecation-promoting effect. See details... Figure 2 .

[0196] 3.4.3. Rectal fecal water content

[0197] After sacrifice, rectal feces were collected, photographed, and analyzed for fecal moisture content. Results showed that, compared to the control group, the model group mice had significantly lower fecal water content and firmer, dryer feces, indicating successful model establishment. Compared to the model group, the rectal fecal water content of compound G3 was increased. See details... Figure 3 .

[0198] 3.4.4. Small intestinal propulsion rate

[0199] Mice were administered ink via gavage, and the small intestinal propulsion distance was measured 20 minutes later. The small intestinal propulsion rate was calculated to determine the speed of intestinal peristalsis. Results showed that compared to the control group, the small intestinal propulsion rate in the model group was significantly reduced, indicating successful model establishment. Compared to the model group, the small intestinal propulsion rate was increased in the compound G3 group. See details... Figure 4 .

[0200] 3.5 Conclusion

[0201] Under the experimental conditions, a mouse constipation model was successfully established by oral administration of loperamide (10 mg / kg). After 14 days of gavage administration, the total number of fecal particles, fecal weight, and small intestinal propulsion rate over 6 hours were measured to determine whether the sample promoted defecation. Data processing and analysis showed that the composition of this invention effectively promoted defecation in mice.

[0202] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0203] It should be understood that the above detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to preferred embodiments is illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features based on reading this specification; however, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition of a plant extract and Akkermansia myxophila (Akk bacteria), wherein the Akk bacteria are live Akk bacteria and / or Akk metabiotics.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Akk postbiotic includes inactivated Akk bacteria, lysed Akk bacteria, and / or culture media containing dead Akk bacteria.

3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inactivation methods of the Akk post-gene include pasteurization, ultraviolet irradiation, and chemical treatment, with pasteurization being the preferred method.

4. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Akk postbiotic is Akk pasteurized inactivated bacteria.

5. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant extracts include: *Syzygium aromaticum* extract, mulberry leaf extract, rosehip extract, yerba mate extract, fermented black soybean powder, bergamot extract, kiwi fruit extract, dragon fruit extract, okra extract, mallow extract, hollyhock extract, mallow seed extract, dandelion extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, chrysanthemum extract, *Agaricus blazei* extract, quinoa extract, jujube extract, apple extract, *Auricularia auricula-judae* extract, ginseng extract, purple sweet potato extract, *Dictyophora indica* extract, enoki mushroom extract, wolfberry extract, cordyceps militaris extract, cocoa pod shell extract, corn husk extract, witch hazel leaf extract, gynostemma pentaphyllum extract, clove flower extract, licorice extract, citrus peel extract, horse chestnut seed extract, hesperidin extract, kudzu root extract, prune extract, buckwheat extract, flaxseed extract, pumpkin extract, banana extract, spinach extract, cardamom extract, and psyllium husk extract. Extracts of plants, including Atractylodes macrocephala, almond, cashew, Brazil nut, avocado, grape seed, green tea, amla, cranberry, Garcinia cambogia, white kidney bean, oolong tea, chia seed, konjac, prune juice, apricot, sugarcane, fermented corn, peach, plum, fig, mushroom, pineapple, olive, sweet potato, carrot, asparagus, senna leaf, aloe vera, Polygonum cuspidatum, cassia seed, rhubarb, Polygonum multiflorum, ginger, garlic, inulin, chicory, onion, legumes, corn, olive oil, flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, plantain, oats, brown rice, black beans, red beans, mung beans, pear, banana, orange, grape, green grape, and beet.

6. The composition according to claim 5, characterized in that, The active ingredients in the plant extract include one or more of plant fibers, lubricants, prebiotics, sugar alcohols, and bioactive components.

7. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plant extracts rich in plant fiber further include one or more of flaxseed, plantain, oats, brown rice, black beans, red beans, mung beans, pears, apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, green grapes, beets, and spinach.

8. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plant extract containing lubricant further includes one or more of olive oil extract, flaxseed oil extract, and rapeseed oil extract.

9. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The prebiotics include one or more of fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, and resistant starch.

10. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The prebiotic-containing plant extract further includes one or more of inulin, chicory extract, onion extract, garlic extract, legume extract, and corn extract.

11. The composition according to claim 10, characterized in that, The prebiotic content in the plant extract is greater than or equal to 1.2g / serving, and further, the prebiotic content is 1.2-1.4g / serving.

12. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bioactive ingredient is a component that promotes intestinal peristalsis, and the plant extract containing the bioactive ingredient further includes one or more of ginger extract, garlic extract, senna leaf extract, aloe vera extract, knotweed extract, cassia seed extract, rhubarb extract, and fleeceflower root extract.

13. The composition according to claim 12, characterized in that, The bioactive ingredient is a component that promotes intestinal peristalsis, and the plant extract containing the bioactive ingredient further includes one or more of ginger extract and garlic extract.

14. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sugar alcohols include one or more of sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, and xylitol.

15. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sugar alcohol-containing plant extracts include one or more of the following: prune juice extract, apricot extract, sugarcane extract, fermented corn, jujube, peach, plum, fig extract, mushroom extract, pineapple extract, olive extract, sweet potato, carrot, and asparagus extract.

16. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes other probiotics that are beneficial to the gut, wherein the other probiotics that are beneficial to the gut are one or more of the following genera: Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Yeast, and Lactobacillus mucosae.

17. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that, The other probiotics beneficial to the gut include one or more of the following: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus curvatureensis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus mare's wine subsp. mare's wine, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium pseudosporidis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus lactis, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus reuteri.

18. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that, The number of other probiotics beneficial to the gut is not less than 500 million CFU / part of the composition.

19. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition also includes vitamins.

20. The composition according to claim 19, characterized in that, The vitamins include one or more of vitamin B and vitamin D.

21. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition also includes minerals.

22. The composition according to claim 21, characterized in that, The minerals include one or more of magnesium, zinc, and selenium; further, the magnesium exists in the form of magnesium ions, including one or more of magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium malate, magnesium citrate, magnesium tartrate, and magnesium oxide.

23. The composition according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The composition is prepared by adding food-acceptable additives to form one or more tablets, soft capsules, capsules, powders, crystals, jellies, oral liquids, and sprays.

24. The use of the composition according to any one of claims 1-22 in improving gut health.

25. The composition according to any one of claims 1-22, and its use in relieving flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, relieving constipation, and promoting defecation.

26. The composition according to any one of claims 1-22, and its use in relieving constipation and promoting defecation.

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