Electric sensing paint, coating, preparation method, curing method and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent sensing materials, and particularly relates to an electric sensing coating, a coating, a preparation method, a curing method and application. The invention relates to an electric sensing coating. The coating comprises a matrix and a functional material dispersed in the matrix, the functional material comprises nematic phase liquid crystals, a crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex and a plasticizer; the matrix comprises a photosensitive polymer and a photoinitiator; phase separation can occur in the ultraviolet curing process of the electric sensing coating, so that the functional material forms a micron-sized confinement block in the matrix.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent sensing materials technology, and particularly relates to an electrosensing coating, coating method, preparation method, curing method and application. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of the scale of modern power systems and the increasing load density, the safe and stable operation of transmission and distribution lines has become the foundation for ensuring social production and life. In the power network, bare conductors and busbars are key nodes for power transmission, and their operating status is directly related to the reliability of the entire power grid. When conductors are in an overloaded high-current operating state for a long time, it will cause a significant temperature rise effect, which will lead to a decrease in material strength, oxidation of joints, and even cause wire breakage and fire accidents. Therefore, real-time and effective monitoring of the current status of transmission lines is the core task of power operation and maintenance. Currently, current detection in power systems mainly relies on electromagnetic induction technology and infrared thermal imaging technology. Electromagnetic induction technology typically uses components such as current transformers, Hall sensors, or Rogowski coils to measure current by capturing the magnetic field signal generated by the current. Although the technology is mature, such sensors usually require complex signal conditioning circuits and power supply systems, making them difficult to deploy in passive outdoor environments. They are also susceptible to interference from complex electromagnetic environments and cannot provide intuitive on-site visual indications. Infrared thermal imaging technology indirectly determines the load status by detecting the infrared radiation generated by the heating of conductors due to current. However, the infrared thermal imager equipment required for this technology is expensive, and the detection results are easily affected by external factors such as ambient temperature, wind speed, light, and the emissivity of the conductor surface. It is difficult to achieve low-cost, all-weather, continuous online monitoring, and it cannot directly reflect the instantaneous state of the current itself.

[0003] To achieve low-cost, visualized current sensing, intelligent sensing technology based on the electrochromic effect has gradually attracted attention. Traditional electrochromic devices typically consist of a multilayer structure comprising a transparent conductive layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, and a counter electrode layer. Their working mechanism mainly relies on the insertion and extraction of ions between functional layers under the drive of an electric field. This mechanism has significant limitations: First, the fabrication process of multilayer thin-film structures is complex, usually involving vacuum deposition or magnetron sputtering, which is costly and difficult to achieve large-area uniform coating on irregularly shaped stranded wires; second, there are interlayer... Significant interfacial differences, coupled with alternating high and low temperatures and high voltage electromagnetic environments outdoors, can easily lead to interlayer delamination or electrode failure, resulting in a substantial reduction in device lifespan. More critically, the color-changing mechanism, which relies on ion diffusion, limits its response speed to ion mobility, typically requiring several minutes to complete the color-changing process. This results in severe response lag, making it difficult to meet the power system's need for rapid early warning of high-current overloads. Furthermore, while existing crystal violet lactone-based thermochromic materials have been used for overheat warnings, their color-changing relies on heat transfer, leading to slow response and an inability to distinguish between false alarms caused by ambient high temperatures and actual current overloads.

[0004] Therefore, the urgent technical challenge in the existing technology lies in how to abandon the complex electrode and multilayer film structure of traditional electrochromic devices and develop a simple single-layer sensing material that can be directly coated on the surface of bare wires. This material should be able to achieve rapid and reversible color change under the direct action of the electric field generated by the current in the wire without relying on an external power source, transparent electrodes or ion transport layer. This would simplify the preparation process and reduce costs, while overcoming the shortcomings of traditional electrochromic technology such as slow response speed, poor interface stability and weak anti-interference ability of traditional thermistor materials, and achieve high sensitivity and intuitive visualization of the high current state of bare wires. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide an electrosensitive coating, a coating layer, a preparation method, a curing method, and an application.

[0006] Firstly, an electrosensitive coating employs the following technical solution: An electrosensitive coating comprising a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix; the functional materials comprising a nematic liquid crystal, a crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and a plasticizer; the matrix comprising a photosensitive polymer and a photoinitiator; the electrosensitive coating is capable of phase separation during ultraviolet curing, thereby forming micron-sized confined blocks of the functional materials in the matrix.

[0007] Further, the mass ratio of the functional material to the matrix is ​​1:10 to 1:5; in the functional material, the mass ratio of the nematic liquid crystal to the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 5:1 to 1:2; and the mass fraction of the photoinitiator is 0.5% to 1.0% of the total mass of the electrosensing coating.

[0008] Furthermore, the nematic liquid crystal is a cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal; the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by a crystal violet lactone derivative and bisphenol A; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate; and the photosensitive polymer is a thiol-olefin ester system photosensitive polymer.

[0009] Secondly, a method for preparing an electrosensitive coating adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing an electrosensitive coating includes the following steps: Step (1), mixing nematic liquid crystal and crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex in a certain proportion, adding a plasticizer, and stirring under heating conditions until a uniform mixture is formed to obtain the functional material; Step (2), mixing the functional material obtained in step (1) with a photosensitive polymer in a certain proportion, adding a photoinitiator, and stirring and mixing under light-protected conditions to obtain the electrosensitive coating.

[0010] Further, in step (1), the heating temperature is 55 ℃ to 65 ℃; in step (2), the stirring speed is 300 rpm to 500 rpm, and the stirring time is 25 min to 35 min.

[0011] Thirdly, an electrosensing coating employs the following technical solution: An electrosensing coating is provided, the coating being formed by curing an electrosensing coating as described above; the electrosensing coating has a microphase separation structure, comprising a continuous phase formed by a polymer matrix and discrete confined blocks dispersed in the continuous phase; the discrete confined blocks encapsulate nematic liquid crystals and crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complexes; the discrete confined blocks are configured such that, under the action of an electric field, the charge and spatial environment within the blocks are altered by changes in the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, thereby inducing the dissociation and color change of the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex.

[0012] Furthermore, the size distribution of the discrete confined region is from 1 μm to 10 μm; the thickness of the electrosensing coating is from 50 μm to 80 μm.

[0013] Fourthly, a method for curing an electrically sensing coating, employing the following technical solution: A curing method for an electrosensing coating includes the following steps: Step (1), uniformly coating the electrosensing coating as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 onto the surface of a wire to form a wet film; Step (2), subjecting the wet film to ultraviolet light irradiation to induce in-situ polymerization and phase separation of the coating, causing functional materials to precipitate from the matrix and form discretely distributed confined blocks, thereby completing the curing process.

[0014] Furthermore, the wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 365 nm, and the light intensity is 50 mW / cm². 2 Up to 100 mW / cm 2 The irradiation time is 60 s to 120 s.

[0015] Fifthly, the application of an electrosensitive coating adopts the following technical solution: Application of an electrosensing coating or electrosensing layer as described above in the visualization and sensing of high current in bare conductors.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides an electrosensitive coating that induces in-situ polymerization and phase separation of functional materials during the curing process of a photosensitive polymer matrix, resulting in the self-assembly of uniformly distributed micron-scale discrete confined blocks. This unique structure effectively encapsulates nematic liquid crystals and crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complexes within a cross-linked and cured polymer network. This not only provides robust physical confinement and chemical protection for the active materials but also significantly improves the coating's adhesion and electrical breakdown resistance, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional multilayer devices that are prone to interface delamination and aging failure in complex outdoor environments. This micron-scale confined space constructs an enhanced local electric field response environment, utilizing the nematic liquid crystals in… The high sensitivity response to the electric field of the conductor within the confined space, and the rapid orientation movement of liquid crystal molecules can effectively regulate the spatial steric hindrance and charge distribution within the block, synergistically promoting the rapid dissociation and ring-closure reduction of the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex in the absence of an external electrolyte. This transforms the color-changing mechanism of traditional electrochromic devices, which relies on slow ion diffusion, into a rapid electric field-driven process. This synergistic effect allows the coating to achieve high sensitivity and reversible visualization of large currents in bare conductors within 30 seconds with just a single layer, without the need for an external power source, transparent electrodes, or ion conductor layers. This significantly improves the response speed and inherent safety of power status monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a microscopic morphology image of the electrosensing coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 The tensile stress-strain test curve of the electrosensitive coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention is shown. Figure 3The Weibull distribution of breakdown field strength of coating samples with different contents of functional materials of the present invention under AC voltage is shown in the statistical diagram. Figure 4 Broadband dielectric spectra of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity of the electrosensing coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention as a function of frequency at different temperatures. Figure 5 Thermogravimetric analysis curve of the electrosensing coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 The diagram shows the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate changes of the electrosensing coating prepared in Example 1 of this invention before and after the energized sensing response. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] In the following description, references to "some embodiments" refer to a subset of all possible embodiments; however, it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the embodiments of the invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments of the invention pertain. The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, the sequence of numbers does not imply the order of execution. Some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0022] Those skilled in the art will understand that the numerical ranges in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood to specifically disclose each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range. Each smaller range between any stated value and an intermediate value within the stated range, as well as any other stated value or an intermediate value within the stated range, is also included within the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0023] Unless otherwise stated, the technical / scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in embodiments or test cases of the invention. All references to this specification are generally incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with said references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the contents of this application shall prevail.

[0024] It should be noted that all raw materials and / or reagents in the embodiments of the present invention were purchased from the market or prepared according to conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] Example Example 1 Example 1 provides an electrosensing coating, comprising a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:8; the functional materials consist of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal, crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and a plasticizer. The crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by crystal violet lactone and bisphenol A in a molar ratio of 1:4; the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 3:1; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, and the amount of plasticizer added is 5% of the total mass of the nematic liquid crystal and the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex; the matrix comprises NOA65 optical adhesive and benzophenone photoinitiator, with the mass fraction of the benzophenone photoinitiator being 0.8% of the total mass of the coating.

[0026] Example 1 also provides a method for preparing an electrosensitive coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 30.0 g of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal (5CB) and 10.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 2.0 g of dioctyl phthalate. Place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 60 °C, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous, transparent, dark blue liquid functional material mixture.

[0027] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 80.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 0.72 g of benzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 400 rpm for 30 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed electrosensing coating.

[0028] Example 1 also provides a process for preparing and curing an electrosensing coating, including the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities, and uniformly coat the prepared electrosensing coating onto the wire surface using dip coating or brush coating method. Use a wet film gauge to control the wet film thickness to be about 65 μm.

[0029] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source, set the main wavelength of the UV light to 365nm, and adjust the distance of the light source so that the irradiance on the surface of the wire is 80 mW / cm². 2 The material was continuously irradiated for 90 seconds. During the photocuring process, as the NOA65 optical adhesive matrix crosslinked and polymerized, the liquid crystal-crystal violet functional material dissolved in it underwent in-situ polymerization-induced phase separation, precipitating out from the cured polymer network to form micron-scale liquid vesicle structures, i.e. confined blocks, resulting in a solid electrosensing coating.

[0030] Example 2 Example 2 provides an electrosensing coating, comprising a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:10; the functional materials consist of an E7 liquid crystal mixture, a crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and a plasticizer. The crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by a molar ratio of crystal violet lactone to bisphenol A of 1:4; the mass ratio of the E7 liquid crystal mixture to the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 5:1; the plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate, and the amount of plasticizer added is 5% of the total mass of the nematic liquid crystal and the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex; the matrix comprises NOA68 optical adhesive and 4-methylbenzophenone photoinitiator, with the mass fraction of the 4-methylbenzophenone photoinitiator being 0.5% of the total mass of the coating.

[0031] Example 2 also provides a method for preparing an electrosensitive coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 50.0 g of E7 liquid crystal mixture and 10.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 3.0 g of dibutyl phthalate, place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 55 ℃, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous, transparent, dark blue liquid functional material mixture.

[0032] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 100.0 g of NOA68 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 0.55 g of 4-methylbenzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 300 rpm for 25 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed electrosensing coating.

[0033] Example 2 also provides a process for preparing and curing an electrosensing coating, including the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities, and uniformly coat the prepared electrosensing coating onto the surface of the wires using dip coating or brush coating. Use a wet film gauge to control the wet film thickness to be about 50 μm.

[0034] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source, set the main wavelength of the UV light to 365nm, and adjust the distance of the light source so that the irradiance on the surface of the wire is 50 mW / cm². 2 The material was continuously irradiated for 120 seconds. During the photocuring process, as the NOA68 optical adhesive matrix crosslinked and polymerized, the liquid crystal-crystal violet functional material dissolved in it underwent in-situ polymerization-induced phase separation, precipitating out from the cured polymer network to form a micron-scale liquid vesicle structure, i.e., confined block, thus obtaining a solid electrosensing coating.

[0035] Example 3 Example 3 provides an electrosensing coating, comprising a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:5. The functional materials consist of 4-cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl liquid crystal (7CB), crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and a plasticizer. The crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by a molar ratio of crystal violet lactone to bisphenol A of 1:4; the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 1:2; the plasticizer is diisononyl phthalate, and the amount of plasticizer added is 5% of the total mass of the nematic liquid crystal and the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex; the matrix comprises NOA61 optical adhesive and 4-chlorobenzophenone photoinitiator, with the mass fraction of the 4-chlorobenzophenone photoinitiator being 1.0% of the total mass of the coating.

[0036] Example 3 also provides a method for preparing an electrosensing coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 10.0 g of 4-cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl liquid crystal and 20.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 1.5 g of diisononyl phthalate, place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 65 ℃, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous, transparent, dark blue liquid functional material mixture.

[0037] Step (2): Accurately weigh 20.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 100.0 g of NOA61 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 1.2 g of 4-chlorobenzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 500 rpm for 35 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed electrosensing coating.

[0038] Example 3 also provides a process for preparing and curing an electrosensing coating, including the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities, and uniformly coat the prepared electrosensing coating onto the surface of the wires using dip coating or brush coating. Use a wet film gauge to control the wet film thickness to be about 80 μm.

[0039] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source, set the main wavelength of the UV light to 365nm, and adjust the distance of the light source so that the irradiance on the surface of the wire is 100 mW / cm². 2The material was continuously irradiated for 60 seconds. During the photocuring process, as the NOA61 optical adhesive matrix crosslinked and polymerized, the liquid crystal-crystal violet functional material dissolved in it underwent in-situ polymerization-induced phase separation, precipitating out from the cured polymer network to form a micron-scale liquid vesicle structure, i.e., confined blocks, resulting in a solid electrosensing coating.

[0040] Example 4 Example 4 provides an electrosensing coating, comprising a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:7. The functional materials consist of 4-cyano-4'-octyloxybiphenyl liquid crystal (8OCB), crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and a plasticizer. The crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by crystal violet lactone and bisphenol A in a molar ratio of 1:4; the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-octyloxybiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 1:1; the plasticizer is a mixture of DOP and DBP (mass ratio 1:1), and the amount of plasticizer added is 5% of the total mass of the nematic liquid crystal and the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex; the matrix comprises NOA63 optical adhesive and a mixed photoinitiator (benzophenone and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone in a mass ratio of 1:1), with the mass fraction of the mixed photoinitiator being 0.6% of the total mass of the coating.

[0041] Example 4 also provides a method for preparing an electrosensitive coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 20.0 g of 4-cyano-4'-octyloxybiphenyl liquid crystal and 20.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 2.0 g of a mixture of DOP and DBP (mass ratio 1:1), place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 62 ℃, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous, transparent, dark blue liquid functional material mixture.

[0042] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 70.0 g of NOA63 optical adhesive. Mix the two together, add 0.48 g of mixed photoinitiator, place the mixture in a light-proof container, and stir at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 350 rpm for 30 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed electrosensing coating.

[0043] Example 4 also provides a process for preparing and curing an electrosensing coating, including the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities, and uniformly coat the prepared electrosensing coating onto the surface of the wires using dip coating or brush coating. Use a wet film gauge to control the wet film thickness to be about 60 μm.

[0044] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source, set the main wavelength of the UV light to 365nm, and adjust the distance of the light source so that the irradiance on the surface of the wire is 60 mW / cm². 2 The material was continuously irradiated for 100 seconds. During the photocuring process, as the NOA63 optical adhesive matrix crosslinked and polymerized, the liquid crystal-crystal violet functional material dissolved in it underwent in-situ polymerization-induced phase separation, precipitating out from the cured polymer network to form a micron-scale liquid vesicle structure, i.e., confined blocks, resulting in a solid electrosensing coating.

[0045] Example 5 Example 5 provides an electrosensing coating, comprising a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:6. The functional materials consist of 4-cyano-4'-hexylbiphenyl liquid crystal (6CB), crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and a plasticizer. The crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by crystal violet lactone and bisphenol A in a molar ratio of 1:4; the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-hexylbiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 2:1; the plasticizer is diisodecyl phthalate, and the amount of plasticizer added is 5% of the total mass of the nematic liquid crystal and the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex; the matrix comprises NOA65 optical adhesive and benzophenone photoinitiator, with the mass fraction of benzophenone photoinitiator being 0.9% of the total mass of the coating.

[0046] Example 5 also provides a method for preparing an electrosensitive coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 20.0 g of 4-cyano-4'-hexylbiphenyl liquid crystal and 10.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 1.5 g of diisodecyl phthalate. Place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 58 ℃, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous, transparent, dark blue liquid functional material mixture.

[0047] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 60.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 0.63 g of benzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 450 rpm for 28 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed electrosensing coating.

[0048] Example 5 also provides a process for preparing and curing an electrosensing coating, including the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities, and uniformly coat the prepared electrosensing coating onto the surface of the wires using dip coating or brush coating. Use a wet film gauge to control the wet film thickness to be about 70 μm.

[0049] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source, set the main wavelength of the UV light to 365nm, and adjust the distance of the light source so that the irradiance on the surface of the wire is 90 mW / cm². 2 The material was continuously irradiated for 70 seconds. During the photocuring process, as the NOA65 optical adhesive matrix crosslinked and polymerized, the liquid crystal-crystal violet functional material dissolved in it underwent in-situ polymerization-induced phase separation, precipitating out from the cured polymer network to form micron-scale liquid vesicle structures, i.e. confined blocks, resulting in a solid electrosensing coating.

[0050] Example 6 Example 6 provides an electrosensing coating, comprising a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:9. The functional materials consist of a mixed liquid crystal (5CB and 7CB mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1), a crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and a plasticizer. The crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by a molar ratio of crystal violet lactone to bisphenol A of 1:4; the mass ratio of the mixed liquid crystal to the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 4:1; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, and the amount of plasticizer added is 5% of the total mass of the nematic liquid crystal and the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex; the matrix comprises NOA68 optical adhesive and benzophenone photoinitiator, with the mass fraction of the benzophenone photoinitiator being 0.7% of the total mass of the coating.

[0051] Example 6 also provides a method for preparing an electrosensing coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 40.0 g of mixed liquid crystal and 10.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 2.5 g of dioctyl phthalate. Place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 60 °C, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous, transparent, dark blue liquid functional material mixture.

[0052] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 90.0 g of NOA68 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 0.7 g of benzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 380 rpm for 32 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain a uniformly dispersed electrosensing coating.

[0053] Example 6 also provides a process for preparing and curing an electrosensing coating, including the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities, and uniformly coat the prepared electrosensing coating onto the surface of the wires using dip coating or brush coating. Use a wet film gauge to control the wet film thickness to be about 55 μm.

[0054] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source, set the main wavelength of the UV light to 365nm, and adjust the distance of the light source so that the irradiance on the surface of the wire is 70 mW / cm². 2 The material was continuously irradiated for 80 seconds. During the photocuring process, as the NOA68 optical adhesive matrix crosslinked and polymerized, the liquid crystal-crystal violet functional material dissolved in it underwent in-situ polymerization-induced phase separation, precipitating out from the cured polymer network to form a micron-scale liquid vesicle structure, i.e., confined blocks, resulting in a solid electrosensing coating.

[0055] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain nematic liquid crystal.

[0056] The coating provided in Comparative Example 1 includes a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix. The functional materials consist of a crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex and a plasticizer. The crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by crystal violet lactone and bisphenol A in a molar ratio of 1:4; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, and the amount of plasticizer added is 5% of the mass of the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex; the matrix includes NOA65 optical adhesive and benzophenone photoinitiator, and the mass fraction of the benzophenone photoinitiator is 0.8% of the total mass of the coating.

[0057] Comparative Example 1 provides a method for preparing a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 10.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 0.5 g of DOP plasticizer, place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 60 ℃, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min to form a mixture.

[0058] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the mixture prepared in step (1) and 80.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 0.72 g of benzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 400 rpm for 30 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain the coating.

[0059] Comparative Example 1 provides a curing coating process for a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil and impurities, and apply the coating prepared above evenly to the surface of the wires using the dip coating method. Use a wet film gauge to control the wet film thickness to be about 65 μm.

[0060] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source, set the main wavelength of the UV light to 365nm, and adjust the distance of the light source so that the irradiance on the surface of the wire is 80 mW / cm². 2 The material was continuously irradiated for 90 seconds. After curing, a coating was obtained.

[0061] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 only in that it uses an equal amount of dimethyl silicone oil instead of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal.

[0062] The coating provided in Comparative Example 2 includes a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:8. The functional materials consist of dimethyl silicone oil, crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and plasticizer. The mass ratio of dimethyl silicone oil to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 3:1. The remaining components are the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 2 provides a method for preparing a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 30.0 g of dimethyl silicone oil and 10.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 2.0 g of DOP plasticizer, place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 60 ℃, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min until the mixture is uniform.

[0064] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid mixture prepared in step (1) and 80.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 0.72 g of benzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 400 rpm for 30 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain the coating.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 provides a curing coating process for a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, clean them, and then coat them with a coating. The wet film thickness is about 65 μm.

[0066] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source (365 nm, 80 mW / cm²). 2 The coating was obtained by continuous irradiation for 90 seconds.

[0067] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 in that it uses a polymer system (PMMA / toluene solution) dissolved in a good solvent instead of NOA65 optical adhesive.

[0068] The coating provided in Comparative Example 3 includes a matrix and functional materials dissolved in the matrix. The functional materials consist of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal, crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and plasticizer, in the same proportions as in Example 1. The matrix is ​​a toluene solution of polymethyl methacrylate (30% solids content).

[0069] Comparative Example 3 provides a method for preparing a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1) is the same as in Example 1, preparing a mixture of liquid functional materials.

[0070] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1), weigh 266.0 g of PMMA toluene solution (containing 80 g of PMMA solid, keeping the dry film ratio consistent with Example 1), mix the two together, stir and dissolve at room temperature to form a uniform and transparent solution, and obtain the coating.

[0071] Comparative Example 3 provides a curing and coating process for a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, clean them, and then coat them with the above-mentioned coating solution.

[0072] Step (2): Without UV curing, the substrate is placed in an 80°C oven for 2 hours to evaporate the toluene solvent. After drying, the liquid crystal and crystal violet lactone complex are molecularly dispersed in the PMMA matrix, forming a coating.

[0073] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 in that the mass ratio of functional material to matrix is ​​1:1.

[0074] The coating provided in Comparative Example 4 includes a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:1; the remaining raw material components are the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 4 provides a method for preparing a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1) is the same as in Example 1, preparing a mixture of liquid functional materials.

[0076] Step (2): Accurately weigh 50.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 50.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. Mix the two together, add 0.8 g of benzophenone, place the mixture in a light-proof container, and stir at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 400 rpm for 30 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain the coating.

[0077] Comparative Example 4 provides a curing and coating process for a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, clean them, and then coat them with a coating. The wet film thickness is about 65 μm.

[0078] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source (365 nm, 80 mW / cm²). 2 The coating was obtained by continuous irradiation for 90 seconds.

[0079] Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 5 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 in that the mass ratio of the functional material to the matrix is ​​1:50.

[0080] The coating provided in Comparative Example 5 includes a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix, with a mass ratio of functional materials to matrix of 1:50; the remaining raw material components are the same as in Example 1.

[0081] The preparation method of Comparative Example 5 includes the following steps: Step (1) is the same as in Example 1, preparing a mixture of liquid functional materials.

[0082] Step (2): Accurately weigh 2.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and 100.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. Mix the two together and add 0.8 g of benzophenone. Place the mixture in a light-proof container and stir it at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 400 rpm for 30 min. After stirring, degas under vacuum for 5 min to obtain the coating.

[0083] Comparative Example 5 provides a curing and coating process for a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): Select bare aluminum alloy wires, clean them, and then coat them with a coating. The wet film thickness is about 65 μm.

[0084] Step (2): Place the wire coated with the wet film under a UV LED curing light source (365 nm, 80 mW / cm²). 2 The coating was obtained by continuous irradiation for 90 seconds.

[0085] Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 6 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 in that the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 1:5.

[0086] In the coating provided in Comparative Example 6, the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex was 1:5; the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 6 provides a method for preparing a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 5.0 g of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal and 25.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 1.5 g of DOP plasticizer, place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 60 ℃, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min.

[0088] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the mixture prepared in step (1) and weigh 80.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. The subsequent mixing steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 6 provides a curing and coating process for the same coating as in Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 7 Comparative Example 7 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 in that the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 10:1.

[0091] In the coating provided in Comparative Example 7, the mass ratio of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal to crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex was 10:1; the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 7 provides a method for preparing a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 40.0 g of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal and 4.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, then add 2.2 g of DOP plasticizer, and heat and stir to prepare a mixture.

[0093] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the mixture prepared in step (1) and weigh 80.0 g of NOA65 photosensitive polymer. The subsequent mixing steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 7 provides a curing and coating process for a coating that is the same as in Example 1.

[0095] Comparative Example 8 Comparative Example 8 provides a coating that differs from Example 1 in that no plasticizer is added.

[0096] The coating of Comparative Example 8 comprises a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix. The functional materials consist of a 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal and a crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex (without DOP). The remaining proportions are the same as in Example 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 8 provides a method for preparing a coating, comprising the following steps: Step (1): In a clean reaction vessel, weigh 30.0 g of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl liquid crystal and 10.0 g of crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, without adding plasticizer, place the mixture on a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer, heat to 60°C, and stir at 200 rpm for 20 min.

[0098] Step (2): Accurately weigh 10.0 g of the liquid functional material mixture prepared in step (1) and weigh 80.0 g of NOA65 optical adhesive. The subsequent mixing steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0099] Comparative Example 8 provides a curing and coating process for a coating that is the same as in Example 1.

[0100] Performance testing (1) Microscopic morphological observation: The microstructure of the coating cross-section and surface was observed using polarized light microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the average size and distribution of the confined blocks (microcapsules / droplets) were statistically analyzed.

[0101] (2) Adhesion test: Cross-cut test: The test shall be conducted in accordance with GB / T 9286-1998 "Cross-cut test of paint and varnish film". The coating shall be cut with a cross-cut knife with a spacing of 1 mm. After applying the tape, it shall be peeled off and the peeling shall be observed. The rating range is 0-5, with 0 being the best.

[0102] Pull-off test: The adhesion strength (MPa) between the coating and the conductor substrate was tested according to GB / T 5210-2006 "Paints and Varnishes Pull-off Test".

[0103] Tensile properties: The coating was cured to prepare dumbbell-shaped specimens, and its stress-strain curves were tested using a universal testing machine. The elongation at break (%) and maximum tensile strength (MPa) were recorded.

[0104] (3) Electrical insulation performance (breakdown field strength): The test was conducted according to GB / T 1408.1-2016 "Test Method for Electrical Strength of Insulating Materials". At room temperature, the coated conductor was placed in transformer oil, and a linearly stepped-up AC voltage (step-up rate 2 kV / s) was applied until the coating broke down. The breakdown voltage was recorded and the breakdown field strength (kV / mm) was calculated.

[0105] (4) Dielectric spectrum test: Using a broadband dielectric spectrometer, at different temperatures (-40℃ to 60℃) and frequencies (10... - ¹ Hz to 10 6 At Hz, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity of the coating were tested.

[0106] (5) Thermal stability test: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the temperature was increased from room temperature to 600°C at a rate of 10°C / min, and the weight loss curve was recorded to determine the initial decomposition temperature (5% weight loss temperature).

[0107] (6) Electrosensitive color-changing performance test: High current response: A coating was applied to a bare conductor, and an 80A power frequency current was passed through it. The start and end times of color change were recorded.

[0108] Colorimetric analysis: The CIE Lab color coordinates before and after the color change were recorded using a colorimeter, and the color change path was marked on the CIE 1931 colorimetric diagram.

[0109] The above performance tests were performed on Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-8, and the test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0110] Table 1 Performance test data of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-8

[0111] As shown in Table 1, Examples 1-6 demonstrate that a functional material to matrix ratio between 1:10 and 1:5 is an effective window for achieving electrosensing. 1:8 (Example 1) represents the optimal balance: the breakdown field strength (143 kV / mm) and tensile strength (19.2 MPa) remain at extremely high levels, while the response time (28s) meets the requirements for rapid early warning. A ratio that is too high (Comparative Example 4, 1:1) leads to a collapse in mechanical properties (inability to form a film); a ratio that is too low (Comparative Example 5, 1:50), while exhibiting good insulation (165 kV / mm), completely loses its color-changing function (no visual contrast).

[0112] Comparative Example 1 (without liquid crystal) and Comparative Example 2 (with silicone oil substitution) showed no color change under energization, directly demonstrating that the electric field orientation motion of the nematic liquid crystal is the sole driving force for the dissociation of crystal violet lactone, rather than a simple current-thermal effect. Insufficient liquid crystal (Comparative Example 6) resulted in insufficient driving force and a delayed response (68s); insufficient crystal violet lactone (Comparative Example 7) resulted in low color density and poor contrast. A 3:1 ratio achieved the optimal match between driving force and color density.

[0113] Although Comparative Example 3 (PMMA matrix) contains the same chemical components, the lack of confined blocks with microphase separation resulted in functional molecules being bound by rigid polymer chains, leading to an indefinitely prolonged response time (>300s) or even failure. This not only resulted in a slow response but also poor irreversibility or almost no reaction. This demonstrates that the "confined blocks formed by photocuring-induced phase separation" described in this invention are a key microstructural feature for achieving second-level rapid response.

[0114] Comparative Example 8 (without DOP) showed a lower breakdown field strength (125 kV / mm) and a slower response (55 s), indicating that the plasticizer plays an indispensable role in optimizing the phase separation interface, regulating the size and uniformity of functional droplets.

[0115] Based on the accompanying drawings and the data in Table 1, the performance results of the electrosensing coating and the cured electrosensing coating provided in Example 1 are analyzed below.

[0116] 1. Microstructure analysis Reference Appendix Figure 1The microstructure of the electrosensing coating formed by the curing of the coating in Example 1 is shown in the SEM / microscopic images. The coating of Example 1 exhibits a clear "sea-island" two-phase structure. The matrix (continuous phase) is flat and dense, with spherical confined blocks (dispersed phase) formed by the self-assembly of functional materials uniformly distributed within it, without macroscopic agglomeration. The particle size of the confined blocks is mainly concentrated in the range of 2-5 µm. This micrometer-scale size ensures sufficient light scattering cross-section for color display without compromising the continuity of the polymer matrix, which is key to achieving a balance between mechanical and optical properties.

[0117] 2. Mechanical property analysis Reference Appendix Figure 2 The tensile strength test diagram of the electrosensing coating formed by the curing of the coating in Example 1 is provided. The stress-strain curve shows that the coating exhibits linear elasticity in the initial stage of stress, and then enters the yielding stage. The peak value of the curve indicates that the maximum tensile strength of the coating is approximately 19 MPa, and the elongation at fracture is approximately 15.5%. This indicates that the composite material formed by the NOA65 matrix and the functional microdroplets has good toughness, can adapt to the deformation of the wire under thermal expansion and contraction or wind-induced vibration, and is not prone to cracking.

[0118] 3. Electrical Insulation Characteristics Analysis To investigate the breakdown performance of the electrosensing coating formed by the curing of the coating provided by this invention, while keeping other conditions unchanged in Example 1, the mass ratio of the functional material to the matrix was varied. The Weibull distribution diagram of its breakdown performance test is attached. Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 The rightmost curve shows the highest characteristic breakdown voltage. Specifically, the characteristic breakdown field strength (at 63.2% probability) when the mass ratio of the functional material to the substrate in Example 1 is 1:8 is approximately 143 kV / mm. This coating exhibits excellent insulation protection capabilities and can be directly applied to the surface of high-voltage conductors without compromising electrical safety.

[0119] 4. Dielectric property analysis Reference Appendix Figure 4 The provided embodiment 1 shows the electrical properties of the electrosensing coating formed by the curing of the coating, including its dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and conductivity. At power frequency (50Hz, i.e., 10 in the figure)... 1 ~10 2 Within the Hz range, the dielectric constant remains between 8 and 10 at different temperatures (-40℃ to 60℃), exhibiting stable polarization characteristics and not causing drastic distortion of the electric field distribution of the conductor. In the power frequency range, the dielectric loss is low (tanδ < 1), indicating that the coating experiences minimal heat loss under alternating electric fields and will not overheat due to dielectric loss. The conductivity in the low-frequency region is extremely low (< 10). -11The volume resistivity (S / m) increases linearly with frequency, consistent with a typical dielectric hopping conductance mechanism, further confirming its excellent insulation properties (volume resistivity > 5 × 10⁻⁶). 12 Ω·cm).

[0120] 5. Thermal stability analysis Reference Appendix Figure 5 The TGA test results of the electrosensing coating formed by the curing of the coating in Example 1 are shown in the provided figure. The TGA curve shows that the coating is very stable in quality at low temperatures, and a significant weight loss step occurs in the high-temperature region. The initial decomposition temperature (5% weight loss) is above 180°C. Considering that the normal operating temperature of transmission lines is usually 70-90°C, and even fault overheating usually does not exceed 120°C, this coating has extremely high thermal safety in the power operation environment.

[0121] 6. Analysis of Electrosensitive Color-Changing Performance Reference Appendix Figure 6 The provided Example 1 shows CIE test images of the electrosensory coating before and after color change during coating curing. The black arrows on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram illustrate the color change path. The starting point is located in the dark blue area in the lower left corner (approximately x=0.2, y=0.15), and the ending point points to the white area in the center (approximately x=0.35, y=0.35). Under 80A current excitation, this process is completed within 30 seconds, achieving high-contrast qualitative perception visible to the naked eye.

[0122] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electrosensitive coating, characterized in that, The coating comprises a matrix and functional materials dispersed in the matrix; the functional materials include nematic liquid crystal, crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex, and plasticizer; the matrix comprises a photosensitive polymer and a photoinitiator; the electrosensitive coating is capable of phase separation during ultraviolet curing, allowing the functional materials to form micron-sized confined blocks in the matrix.

2. The electrosensing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the functional material to the matrix is ​​1:10 to 1:5; in the functional material, the mass ratio of the nematic liquid crystal to the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is 5:1 to 1:2; the mass fraction of the photoinitiator is 0.5% to 1.0% of the total mass of the electrosensitive coating.

3. The electrosensing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nematic liquid crystal is a cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal; the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex is a complex formed by a crystal violet lactone derivative and bisphenol A; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate; and the photosensitive polymer is a thiol-olefin ester system photosensitive polymer.

4. A method for preparing an electrosensitive coating as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step (1): Mix the nematic liquid crystal and crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complex in a certain proportion, add a plasticizer, and stir under heating conditions until a homogeneous mixture is formed to obtain the functional material; Step (2): Mix the functional material obtained in step (1) with a photosensitive polymer in a certain proportion, add a photoinitiator, and stir and mix under light-protected conditions to obtain the electrosensing coating.

5. The method for preparing the electrosensitive coating according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (1), the heating temperature is 55 ℃ to 65 ℃; in step (2), the stirring speed is 300 rpm to 500 rpm and the stirring time is 25 min to 35 min.

6. An electrosensing coating, characterized in that, The coating is formed by curing the electrosensing coating as described in any one of claims 1 to 3; the electrosensing coating has a microphase separation structure, including a continuous phase formed by a polymer matrix and discrete confined blocks dispersed in the continuous phase; the discrete confined blocks encapsulate nematic liquid crystals and crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complexes; the discrete confined blocks are configured to, under the action of an electric field, change the charge and spatial environment within the blocks by altering the orientation of liquid crystal molecules, thereby inducing the dissociation and color change of the crystal violet lactone-bisphenol A complexes.

7. The electrosensing coating according to claim 6, characterized in that, The size distribution of the discrete confined region is from 1 μm to 10 μm; the thickness of the electrosensing coating is from 50 μm to 80 μm.

8. A method for curing the electrosensing coating as described in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step (1) uniformly coat the electrosensing coating as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 onto the surface of the conductor to form a wet film; Step (2) irradiate the wet film with ultraviolet light to induce in-situ polymerization and phase separation of the coating, so that the functional material precipitates from the matrix and forms discretely distributed confined blocks, thereby completing the curing.

9. The curing method for the electrosensing coating according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ultraviolet light irradiation has a wavelength of 365 nm and a light intensity of 50 mW / cm². 2 Up to 100 mW / cm 2 The irradiation time is 60 s to 120 s.

10. The application of an electrosensing coating as described in claim 1 or an electrosensing coating as described in claim 6 in the visualization and sensing of high current in bare conductors.

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