Asland wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation method. The method comprises the following technical links of embankment breaking and embankment removing, obstacle removing and slope changing, terrain shaping, vegetation rebuilding and invasive species prevention and removal. By implementing the technical scheme, the ecological dilemma that the habitat of the island wetland is damaged, the livability of birds is poor, the living of caves and two-climbing animals is difficult, and a food chain is broken can be effectively relieved, and the habitat improvement of the island wetland and the rapid recovery of beach land vegetation are realized; an inhabiting space which is rich in vegetation, friendly in habitat, sufficient in food source, capable of resisting natural storm attack and beneficial to migration activities is provided for various organisms of the island, and stability of biological diversity of the wetland of the island is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wetland restoration and biodiversity conservation technology, and in particular to a method for the restoration of island wetland habitats and the conservation of biodiversity. Background Technology

[0002] In nature, due to factors such as siltation and river course changes, numerous island wetlands often naturally form in certain areas of river cores. These island wetlands, with their certain altitude, fertile soil, and abundant water, naturally nurture a wide variety of flora and fauna, becoming habitats for many organisms. However, due to historical reasons, these islands have been cultivated and utilized for a long time, causing their natural attributes to evolve. Some of the wetland-dominated natural ecosystems have transformed into dryland-dominated agricultural ecosystems, while others have become fishponds, shrimp ponds, or artificially managed nurseries. The natural landscape pattern and ecological processes of wetlands have been fundamentally altered. Furthermore, in recent years, the rampant invasion of harmful alien species has led to competition and displacement of island vegetation, resulting in increasingly deteriorating wetland habitats. The wetland structure and conservation functions closely related to the habitats of birds, amphibians, reptiles, and other organisms have undergone a regressive change, seriously threatening the maintenance of biodiversity in my country's island wetlands. Therefore, it is imperative to accelerate the improvement of island wetland habitats and the restoration of biological habitats in my country's river basins.

[0003] In recent years, in conjunction with my country's ecological governance projects for mountains, rivers, forests, grasslands, and lakes, some scholars have conducted a series of restorative experiments and explorations on river islands and wetlands, achieving certain research results. For example, Yu Kongjian et al. (2011), from the perspective of landscape ecology and referring to the Steinitz landscape design steps, proposed to construct a description, process, evaluation, change, assessment, and decision-making model to explore the ecological restoration pathways of the Xinji Island wetland in the Yangtze River. They pointed out that removing the dikes and eliminating excessive human interference are key to the ecological restoration of Xinji Island, and restoring the natural flood process, allowing nature to do the work, and restoring seasonal wetlands and habitats are the basic approaches to its governance. Yuan Jing et al. (2021), taking Tongzhousha Jiangxin Island in Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province as an example, evaluated the resource value of Jiangxin island wetlands, explored ecological planning and design methods for constructing protected species systems, restoring habitats, shaping landscapes, and protecting and utilizing wetlands, and explored a wetland ecological landscape construction model focusing on habitat restoration. Guan Guiling et al. (2023), addressing the severe damage to the original landscape and structural integrity of the wetland system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, took the near-natural river wetland ecosystem as the overall goal of ecological restoration. They proposed using wading birds and waterfowl as indicator species, determining habitat types and overall spatial layout based on meeting the flood control requirements and hydrological characteristics of the Yangtze River, and employing three key technologies for wetland ecosystem reconstruction: wetland base restoration, wetland hydrological and water quality restoration, and wetland ecosystem structure restoration. They also proposed a plant restoration plan for the Nanjing Lushuwan Wetland. These previous research results have enriched the theory of wetland restoration in my country to some extent and provided directional suggestions for carrying out wetland restoration projects on islands. However, due to the lack of systematic wetland restoration theory and practical research on the survival needs of organisms, the technical conclusions are often theoretical, focusing only on how to restore native plants, how to create garden landscapes, and how to construct a one-sided restoration model with vegetation restoration as the focus. There is a lack of specific research on key technologies such as the construction of the ecological structure of island wetlands, the restoration of ecological processes, the repair of the food chain, and the improvement of species habitat conservation functions. The ideal model cannot be implemented in engineering practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for the restoration of wetland habitats and the conservation of biodiversity on islands, thus meeting the practical needs of wetland habitat improvement and biodiversity conservation projects in current river ecological management in my country. The technical solution of this invention is as follows: A method for restoring wetland habitats and conserving biodiversity on islands includes the following technical steps: (1) Breaking down the dikes and embankments, that is, breaking down the flood control dikes surrounding the island, opening up the three-dimensional barriers between the water systems inside and outside the island, and restoring the migration and return channels for aquatic animals. (2) Clearing obstacles and modifying slopes, that is, removing the spatial obstacles that separate water and soil around the island, and using slope protection devices to interlock to build a dual-effect slope that is conducive to the habitat of organisms and has a certain interception function, so as to ensure that amphibians and reptiles can migrate and move freely. (3) Terrain shaping, namely, building biological refuge islands in the dangerous low-altitude beaches of the islands, for burrowing and reptiles to hide and inhabit, and for birds and mammals to temporarily take refuge and prevent floods during the flood season, thereby improving the ability of island-inhabited animals to resist natural risks. (4) Vegetation restoration, that is, to carry out vegetation transformation in accordance with the river direction, to create fishbone-like shrubs on both sides of the river channel into the island, to build the first line of defense for the island wetland, and to gradually restore the aquatic vegetation sequence of the island wetland under the premise of ensuring effective flood control of the island, so as to form a diverse foraging ground and spawning ground for wetland animals. (5) Prevention and control of invasive species, that is, the effective prevention and control of invasive species are carried out simultaneously during the implementation of the above-mentioned restoration projects. The methods of mowing, digging, pulling and burying are used according to local conditions, and the control nodes are based on the life history of different invasive species to ensure that the invasive plants are controlled before flowering and fruiting, and the invasive animals are eliminated before the reproductive period.

[0005] In the technical section (2), the slope protector is a concrete composite. The slope protector unit is made up of an upper piece and a lower piece. The upper piece is a thin sheet structure with missing corners, with a side length of 15-18 cm and a thickness of 5-7 cm. The four corners are arc-shaped with an arc length of 7.855 cm and a radius of 5 cm. The center has a circular ventilation hole with a diameter of 10 cm. The lower piece is a mesh structure with uneven top and bottom. Its side length, arc length, and thickness are precisely matched with the upper piece. The center has a circular migration hole with the same diameter as the ventilation hole in the upper piece. After the upper and lower pieces are fastened together, they are connected by a through-pin through the upper and lower through-holes, forming many randomly distributed transverse cavities for amphibians and reptiles to swim and migrate short distances.

[0006] Among them, the low-altitude beach with habitat danger mentioned in technical link (3) is a large area of ​​wetland with high soil moisture content, exposed above the water surface in the dry season, but submerged by water in the flood season, posing a certain survival threat to some birds and mammals; the biological refuge island is a mushroom-shaped protrusion formed by soil accumulation in the island, with a building density of 10 to 15 per hm. 2 The construction height is based on exceeding the normal flood season water level by 1.5–2 m, and the diameter of each individual structure is controlled at 15–20 m. At a distance of 1–1.5 m above the normal water level, an irregular cave is excavated every 4–6 m around the perimeter, with a depth of 1.5–2 m and an opening diameter of 45–75 cm. 2 The island provides shelter and breeding grounds for burrowing animals and reptiles; climbing plants are artificially planted around the island for mammals to climb and ascend; and food plants for birds are artificially planted on the island to provide them with food and refuge.

[0007] The climbing plant mentioned is *Ficus pumila* (…). Ficus pumila ), Fufangteng ( Euonymus fortunei ),ivy( Nepalese ivy var Chinese ), Trachelospermum jasminoides ( Trachelospermum jasminoides One or two combinations of these plants are planted in double rows around the island, with a row spacing of 20–25 cm and a plant spacing of 10–15 cm; the bird food source plant is *Eriocaulon buergerianum* (…). Euonymus maackii ),mulberry( White mulberry ), Privet ( Ligustrum lucidum) Chinese tallow tree ( Triadic sugar-bearing ), water hyacinth ( Red-bellied toad ), Purple Leaf Plum ( ‌Prunus cerasifera' Atropurpurea'‌), Ulmus elata ( Prunus triloba One or two combinations of these can be randomly and naturally planted at a density of 300–350 plants / hm². 2 .

[0008] Among them, the fishbone-shaped shrubbery described in technical step (4) is preferably Amorpha fruticosa ( Amorpha shrubby ), Willow Whole willow ), Tamarix (Tamarix chinensis) ), Red osier dogwood ( White dogwood ), Bearberry Wood ( Cornus macrophylla ), Mosaic willow ( Willow whole 'Hakuro Nishiki' One or two combinations of shrubs are used, with the angle between the shrub planting rows and the direction of the waterway into the island being 45-50°, and 5-8 shrubs planted per row, with irises planted naturally between the rows. Rainbow roofs ), Ophiopogon japonicus ( Japanese Ophiopogon ), bamboo (Indocalamus tessellatus) This effectively intercepts sediment and stabilizes the beach to prevent erosion.

[0009] Among them, the aquatic vegetation sequence described in technical link (4) is to naturally plant wetland plants, emergent plants, floating-leaved plants and submerged plants in accordance with the terrain of the island and the annual water level changes. Wetland plants have well-developed root systems, can live in dry land, or can live in water-saturated or periodically flooded environments, and have strong flood resistance. They are planted in wetland beaches with seasonal dry and wet alternations. Emergent plants have aerial stems and leaves, are upright, and have well-developed root and stem aeration tissues. Their stems and leaves stand upright on the water and are planted in shallow water areas with a depth of no more than 2 m. Floating-leaved plants have stems and leaves that float on the water, roots that are rooted, or roots, stems and leaves that all float on the water surface and are planted in deep water areas with a depth of more than 2 m. Submerged plants can adapt to the aquatic environment, have degenerated roots, stems and leaves, and can float on the water surface or in the water all year round. They can be planted in deep water areas or shallow water areas.

[0010] The details of the invasive species and life history control nodes mentioned in technical step (5) are shown in Table 1. .

[0011] The technical flowchart for implementing this invention is as follows:

[0012] Beneficial effects: 1. This application introduces ecological restoration theory into island wetland restoration projects, taking the needs of birds, burrowing animals, and reptiles as its starting point, and aiming at habitat improvement, vegetation optimization, and habitat restoration. Through site-specific dismantling of enclosures and defenses, topographic shaping, vegetation reconstruction, and control of harmful invasive species, and by cleverly using slope protection and flood defense measures, it creatively proposes an ecological restoration model for wetland organisms that is structurally sound, has stable communities, abundant food sources, and a certain ability to resist wind and wave attacks. This model is conducive to the settlement and reproduction of island wetland flora and fauna, and to the maintenance and improvement of wetland biodiversity. 2. This invention overcomes the limitations of existing technical literature, such as the singleness of measures, simplification of objectives, and emphasis on landscape creation while neglecting the habitat needs of birds, burrowing animals, and reptiles. It comprehensively restores island wetlands from five aspects: food, habitat, migration, breeding, and defense, providing all-round protection for various waterbirds and reptiles for resting, feeding, hiding, breeding, and protection. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the advantages of the present invention in the above and / or other aspects will become clearer.

[0014] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of slope protection device construction; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the slope protector; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower section structure of the slope protector; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fishbone-style shrub planting method; Figure 5 The flowchart of the invention implementation.

[0015] Explanation of markings in the diagram: 1. Upper piece; 1′, side length; 11. Lower piece; 2. Four corners; 3. Upper perforation; 3′, lower perforation; 31. Piercing nail; 4. Ventilation hole; 41. Migration hole; 5. Planting row; α, angle between the shrub planting row and the direction of the waterway into the island. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention can be better understood from the following embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not, and will not, limit the invention as described in detail in the claims.

[0017] As shown in the attached figure, a method for restoring wetland habitats and conserving biodiversity on islands includes the following technical steps in its implementation: (1) Breaking down the dikes and embankments, that is, breaking down the flood control dikes surrounding the island, opening up the three-dimensional barriers between the water systems inside and outside the island, and restoring the migration and return channels for aquatic animals. (2) Obstacle removal and slope modification, that is, removing the spatial obstacles that separate water and soil around the island, and constructing a dual-effect slope protection that is conducive to the habitat of organisms and has a certain water retention function by using slope protection devices to interlock with each other. Figure 1 This ensures that amphibians and reptiles can migrate and move freely; (3) Terrain shaping, namely, building biological refuge islands in the dangerous low-altitude beaches of the islands, for burrowing and reptiles to hide and inhabit, and for birds and mammals to temporarily take refuge and prevent floods during the flood season, thereby improving the ability of island-inhabited animals to resist natural risks. (4) Vegetation restoration, that is, to carry out vegetation transformation in accordance with the river's direction, and to create fishbone-shaped shrubbery along both sides of the river channel flowing into the island. Figure 4 To build the first line of defense for island wetland protection, and to gradually restore the aquatic vegetation sequence of island wetlands under the premise of ensuring effective flood control, so as to form a diverse foraging ground and spawning ground for wetland animals; (5) Prevention and control of invasive species, that is, the effective prevention and control of invasive species are carried out simultaneously during the implementation of the above-mentioned restoration projects. The methods of mowing, digging, pulling and burying are used according to local conditions, and the control nodes are based on the life history of different invasive species to ensure that the invasive plants are controlled before flowering and fruiting, and the invasive animals are eliminated before the reproductive period.

[0018] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the slope protector described in technical step (2) is a concrete composite. The slope protector unit is composed of two parts, an upper piece 1 and a lower piece 11, which are fastened together. The upper piece 1 is a thin sheet structure with missing corners, with a side length of 15-18 cm and a thickness of 5-7 cm. The four corners 2 are arc-shaped with an arc length of 7.855 cm and a radius of 5 cm. The center has a circular ventilation hole 4 with a diameter of 10 cm. The lower piece 11 is a mesh structure with uneven top and bottom. Its side length, arc length, and thickness are precisely matched with the upper piece. The center has a circular migration hole 41, which is connected to the ventilation hole 4 in the upper piece 1 with the same diameter. After the upper piece 1 and the lower piece 11 are fastened together, they are connected by a through nail 31 through the upper through hole 3 and the lower through hole 3′, forming many randomly distributed transverse cavities for amphibians and reptiles to swim and migrate short distances.

[0019] Among them, the low-altitude beach with habitat danger mentioned in technical link (3) is a large area of ​​wetland with high soil moisture content, exposed above the water surface in the dry season, but submerged by water in the flood season, posing a certain survival threat to some birds and mammals; the biological refuge island is a mushroom-shaped protrusion formed by soil accumulation in the island, with a building density of 10 to 15 per hm. 2 The construction height is based on exceeding the normal flood season water level by 1.5–2 m, and the diameter of each individual structure is controlled at 15–20 m. At a distance of 1–1.5 m above the normal water level, an irregular cave is excavated every 4–6 m around the perimeter, with a depth of 1.5–2 m and an opening diameter of 45–75 cm. 2 The island provides shelter and breeding grounds for burrowing animals and reptiles; climbing plants are artificially planted around the island for mammals to climb and ascend; and food plants for birds are artificially planted on the island to provide them with food and refuge.

[0020] The climbing plant mentioned is *Ficus pumila* (…). Ficus pumila ), Fufangteng ( Euonymus fortunei ),ivy( Nepalese ivy var Chinese ), Trachelospermum jasminoides ( Trachelospermum jasminoides One or two combinations of these plants are planted in double rows around the island, with a row spacing of 20–25 cm and a plant spacing of 10–15 cm; the bird food source plant is *Eriocaulon buergerianum* (…). Euonymus maackii ),mulberry( White mulberry ), Privet ( Ligustrum lucidum) Chinese tallow tree ( Triadic sugar-bearing ), water hyacinth ( Red-bellied toad ), Purple Leaf Plum ( ‌Prunus cerasifera' Atropurpurea'‌), Ulmus elata ( Prunus triloba One or two combinations of these can be randomly and naturally planted at a density of 300–350 plants / hm². 2 .

[0021] Among them, the fishbone-shaped shrubbery described in technical step (4) is preferably Amorpha fruticosa ( Amorpha shrubby ), Willow Whole willow ), Tamarix (Tamarix chinensis) ), Red osier dogwood ( White dogwood ), Bearberry Wood ( Cornus macrophylla ), Mosaic willow ( Willow whole 'Hakuro Nishiki' One or two combinations of shrubs are used, with the angle α between row 5 and the direction of the waterway into the island being 45-50°, and 5-8 shrubs planted in each row, with irises planted naturally between the rows. Rainbow roofs ), Ophiopogon japonicus ( Japanese Ophiopogon ), bamboo (Indocalamus tessellatus) This effectively intercepts sediment and stabilizes the beach to prevent erosion.

[0022] Among them, the aquatic vegetation sequence described in technical link (4) is to naturally plant wetland plants, emergent plants, floating-leaved plants and submerged plants in accordance with the terrain of the island and the annual water level changes. Wetland plants have well-developed root systems, can live in dry land, or can live in water-saturated or periodically flooded environments, and have strong flood resistance. They are planted in wetland beaches with seasonal dry and wet alternations. Emergent plants have aerial stems and leaves, are upright, and have well-developed root and stem aeration tissues. Their stems and leaves stand upright on the water and are planted in shallow water areas with a depth of no more than 2 m. Floating-leaved plants have stems and leaves that float on the water, roots that are rooted, or roots, stems and leaves that all float on the water surface and are planted in deep water areas with a depth of more than 2 m. Submerged plants can adapt to the aquatic environment, have degenerated roots, stems and leaves, and can float on the water surface or in the water all year round. They can be planted in deep water areas or shallow water areas.

[0023] The details of the invasive species and life history control nodes mentioned in technical step (5) are shown in Table 1:

[0024] .

[0025] The technical flowchart for implementing this invention is shown below. Figure 5 .

[0026] This invention provides a concept and method for an ecological scenic revetment structure for urban rivers. Many methods and approaches exist for implementing this technical solution; the above description is merely a preferred embodiment. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention. All components not explicitly stated in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A method for restoring wetland habitats and conserving biodiversity on islands, comprising the following technical steps: (1) Breaking down the dikes and embankments, that is, breaking down the flood control dikes surrounding the island, opening up the three-dimensional barriers between the water systems inside and outside the island, and restoring the migration and return channels for aquatic animals. (2) Clearing obstacles and modifying slopes, that is, removing the spatial obstacles that separate water and soil around the island, and using slope protection devices to interlock to build a dual-effect slope that is conducive to the habitat of organisms and has a certain interception function, so as to ensure that amphibians and reptiles can migrate and move freely. (3) Terrain shaping, namely, building biological refuge islands in the dangerous low-altitude beaches of the islands, for burrowing and reptiles to hide and inhabit, and for birds and mammals to temporarily take refuge and prevent floods during the flood season, thereby improving the ability of island-inhabited animals to resist natural risks. (4) Vegetation restoration, that is, to carry out vegetation transformation in accordance with the river direction, to create fishbone-like shrubs on both sides of the river channel into the island, to build the first line of defense for the island wetland, and to gradually restore the aquatic vegetation sequence of the island wetland under the premise of ensuring effective flood control of the island, so as to form a diverse foraging ground and spawning ground for wetland animals. (5) Prevention and control of invasive species, that is, the effective prevention and control of invasive species are carried out simultaneously during the implementation of the above-mentioned restoration projects. The methods of mowing, digging, pulling and burying are used according to local conditions, and the control nodes are based on the life history of different invasive species to ensure that the invasive plants are controlled before flowering and fruiting, and the invasive animals are eliminated before the reproductive period.

2. The method for island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope protector described in technical section (2) is a concrete composite. The slope protector unit is made of an upper piece (1) and a lower piece (11) fastened together. The upper piece (1) is a thin sheet structure with a missing corner, a side length (1′) of 15-18 cm, a thickness of 5-7 cm, and four corners (2) that are arc-shaped with an arc length of 7.855 cm and a radius of 5 cm. The center has a circular ventilation hole (4) with a diameter of 10 cm. The lower piece (11) is a mesh structure with uneven top and bottom. Its side length, arc length, and thickness are precisely matched with the upper piece (1). The center has a circular migration hole (41) that is connected to the ventilation hole (4) in the upper piece (1) with the same diameter. After the upper piece (1) and the lower piece (11) are fastened together, they are connected by a nail (31) through the upper hole (3) and the lower hole (3′) to form a series of randomly distributed transverse cavities for amphibians and reptiles to swim and migrate over short distances.

3. The method for island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-altitude wetlands with habitat hazards mentioned in technical section (3) are large areas of wetlands with high soil moisture content, exposed above water during the dry season but submerged during the flood season, posing a certain survival threat to some birds and mammals; the biological refuge islands are mushroom-shaped protrusions formed by soil accumulation within the island, with a building density of 10-15 per hm². 2 The construction height is based on exceeding the normal flood season water level by 1.5–2 m, and the diameter of each individual structure is controlled at 15–20 m. At a distance of 1–1.5 m above the normal water level, an irregular cave is excavated every 4–6 m around the perimeter, with a depth of 1.5–2 m and an opening diameter of 45–75 cm. 2 The island provides shelter and breeding grounds for burrowing animals and reptiles; climbing plants are artificially planted around the island for mammals to climb and ascend; and food plants for birds are artificially planted on the island to provide them with food and refuge.

4. The method for island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The climbing plant is *Ficus pumila* (…). Ficus pumila ), Fufangteng ( Euonymus fortunei ),ivy( Hedera nepalensis var sinensis ), Trachelospermum jasminoides ( Trachelospermum jasminoides One or two combinations of these plants are planted in double rows around the island, with a row spacing of 20–25 cm and a plant spacing of 10–15 cm; the bird food source plant is *Eriocaulon buergerianum* (…). Euonymus maackii ),mulberry( Morus alba ), Privet ( Ligustrum lucidum), Chinese tallow tree ( Triadica sebifera ), water hyacinth ( Adina Rubella ), Purple Leaf Plum ( Prunus cerasifera' Atropurpurea'‌), Ulmus elata ( Prunus triloba One or two combinations of these can be randomly and naturally planted at a density of 300–350 plants / hm². 2 .

5. The method for island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fishbone-shaped shrubland described in technical step (4) is preferably Amorpha fruticosa (Amorpha purpurea). Amorpha fruticosa ), Willow Salix integra ), Tamarix (Tamarix chinensis) ), Red osier dogwood ( Cornus alba ), Bearberry Wood ( Cornus macrophylla ), Mosaic willow ( Salix integra 'Hakuro Nishiki One or two combinations of shrubs are used, with the angle (α) between the shrub planting row (5) and the direction of the waterway into the island being 45-50°, and the number of shrubs planted in each row being 5-8, with irises planted naturally between the rows. Iris tectorum ), Ophiopogon japonicus ( Ophiopogon japonicus ), bamboo (Indocalamus tessellatus) This effectively intercepts sediment and stabilizes the beach to prevent erosion.

6. The method for island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aquatic vegetation sequence described in technical section (4) is to naturally plant wetland plants, emergent plants, floating-leaved plants, and submerged plants in accordance with the terrain of the island and the annual water level changes. Among them, wetland plants have well-developed root systems, can live in dry land, or can live in water-saturated or periodically flooded environments, and have strong flood resistance. They are planted in wetland beaches with seasonal dry and wet alternations. Emergent plants have aerial stems and leaves, are upright, and have well-developed root and stem aeration tissues. Their stems and leaves stand upright on the water and are planted in shallow water areas with a depth of no more than 2 m. Floating-leaved plants have stems and leaves that float on the water, roots that are rooted, or roots, stems, and leaves that all float on the water surface and are planted in deep water areas with a depth of more than 2 m. Submerged plants can adapt to the aquatic environment, have degenerated roots, stems, and leaves, and can float on the water surface or in the water all year round. They can be planted in deep water areas or shallow water areas.

7. The method for island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The details of the invasive species and life history control nodes mentioned in technical step (5) are shown in Table 1.

8. The method for island wetland habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The technical flowchart for implementing this method is as follows:

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