Intelligent control device based on multi-spectral characteristics of programmable patterned electrodeposition

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition, comprising at least two types of reversible metal electrodeposition units with different patterns, arranged in a pixelated array. Each reversible metal electrodeposition unit consists of an infrared high-transmittance substrate layer, a conductive thin film layer, a patterned dielectric layer, a metal ion electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode. The patterned dielectric layer has patterned grooves; when an electric field is applied, metal is deposited on the patterned grooves, thus presenting the corresponding pattern. This invention arranges the reversible metal electrodeposition units in a specific order to form a large-area pixelated array device. Each reversible metal electrodeposition unit is equivalent to a unit of an electromagnetic metasurface and can be independently controlled, realizing spatial programming and dynamic reconstruction of the target multi-spectral characteristics. This allows for real-time, dynamic, and reversible reconstruction of large-area macroscopic optical patterns, thermal radiation distributions, and microwave scattering fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition, belonging to the field of optoelectronic characteristic control technology. Background Technology

[0002] Optoelectronic property manipulation technology alters the optoelectronic characteristics of targets in optical, thermal infrared, and radar bands. It holds significant value in fields such as optoelectronic countermeasures, intelligent thermal control for spacecraft, intelligent energy-saving windows, adaptive camouflage, and dynamic information display and encryption. It is a disruptive technology for achieving camouflage survival, energy conservation and consumption reduction, intelligent interaction, and industrial upgrading. With the integration of materials science and artificial intelligence, this technology will transform object surfaces from static, passive shells into dynamic, intelligent, and programmable "living skins," profoundly impacting multiple dimensions of future society.

[0003] Reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) technology possesses unique photothermal modulation capabilities. The core principle of RMED devices is: by applying an external electric field, metal ions (such as Ag) are driven to... + Cu 2+ Zn 2+ A reversible redox reaction occurs on the surface of the working electrode, achieving the deposition and dissolution of the metal microstructure. This process can drastically change the optical constants of the electrode surface, thereby enabling wide-spectrum dynamic control. Currently, this technology is in a phase of rapid development, with continuous innovations covering multiple aspects, summarized as follows: First, in terms of expanding the spectral control range, reversible metal electrodeposition technology has expanded from early visible light modulation to the thermal infrared band. For example, the University of Chicago team achieved wide-spectrum, high-efficiency beam control from visible light to mid-infrared, laying the physical foundation for multi-spectral compatibility. Second, in terms of material and structural innovation, reversible metal electrodeposition technology uses novel transparent conductive electrodes such as nano-platinum films and graphene to improve infrared transparency and control efficiency; simultaneously, the introduction of a SiC dielectric layer combined with silver deposition to form a Fabry-Perot cavity can generate rich visible light structural colors while controlling infrared emissivity. Thirdly, in terms of polymorphism and dynamic control, reversible metal electrodeposition devices can achieve switching between various optical states, such as transparency, coloring (including black mirror state), and multicolor states (e.g., red, blue). For example, bimetallic (e.g., Cu-Zn) co-deposition can optimize deposition morphology and stability. This will provide rich visual and infrared camouflage options to meet matching requirements in complex backgrounds. Fourthly, in terms of performance optimization, deep eutectic electrolytes and quasi-solid-state hydrogel electrolytes are being developed to improve ionic conductivity and electrochemical window; simultaneously, electrode interfaces are being optimized to achieve a device cycle life of over 3000 cycles. This work improves the reliability, environmental adaptability, and lifespan of the devices, driving the technology towards practical application.

[0004] In summary, research on reversible metal electrodeposition technology has yielded remarkable results in expanding the spectral range and improving performance. However, it remains constrained by the inherent limitations of macroscopic uniform control and functional coupling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-spectral characteristic intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition. This invention innovatively proposes a "patterned reversible metal electrodeposition element array" intelligent control technology, deeply integrating digital control with microscopic electrochemical processes. This enables spatial programming and dynamic reconstruction of the target multi-spectral characteristics, fundamentally solving the challenges of multi-band compatibility, adaptability, and integration.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition is composed of at least two types of reversible metal electrodeposition units with different patterns, wherein the reversible metal electrodeposition units are distributed in a pixelated array. The reversible metal electrodeposition unit has the following structure: it consists of an infrared high-transmittance substrate layer, a conductive thin film layer, a patterned dielectric layer, a metal ion electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode arranged sequentially. The infrared high-transmittance substrate layer, the conductive thin film layer, and the patterned dielectric layer constitute the working electrode. The counter electrode and the working electrode form a pair of cooperative working electrodes and together with the metal ion electrolyte form a current loop. The patterned dielectric layer has patterned grooves. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves, thereby presenting the corresponding pattern.

[0007] Furthermore, the reversible metal electrodeposition units are arranged in a pixelated array with multiple rows and columns (similar to a chessboard).

[0008] Furthermore, the pattern configuration on the patterned medium layer is selected from polygons, fractals, numbers, text, and other configurations.

[0009] Preferably, it is composed of two reversible metal electrodeposition units with different patterns, wherein the pattern configurations on the patterned dielectric layer of the two reversible metal electrodeposition units are "6" and "back".

[0010] Preferably, it is composed of four reversible metal electrodeposition units with different patterns. The configurations of the patterns on the patterned dielectric layer of the four reversible metal electrodeposition units are hexagonal, "L"-shaped, "+"-shaped, and circular.

[0011] Furthermore, the infrared high-transmittance substrate is made of a material that simultaneously achieves high transmittance of visible light and infrared light, in order to avoid the substrate affecting the color rendering and infrared emissivity modulation effect within the reversible metal electrodeposition matrix structure. It can be selected from any one of BaF2, polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP). The thickness of the visible light and infrared high-transmittance substrate layer is 1.5–3 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the conductive thin film layer is 1–6 nm, which ensures that it has little impact on the control performance of the internal infrared and microwave frequency bands; the material can be a Pt thin film; the function of the conductive thin film layer is to realize the conductivity of the working electrode.

[0013] Furthermore, the material of the patterned dielectric layer can be selected from any one of BaF2, ZnS, and ZnSe. The thickness of the patterned dielectric layer is 20–50 nm. The function of the patterned dielectric layer is that when an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and deposit on the patterned grooves to form a specific pattern, equivalent to a "metal patch".

[0014] Furthermore, the metal ion electrolyte refers to electrolytes containing Cu. 2+ Zn 2+ Ag + Ni + Or Bi 3+ The electrolyte in any one or more metal ion deposition systems is used to achieve reversible metal electrodeposition and dissolution. Its function is to achieve variable emissivity and radar absorption / reflection transformation through the "generation" (deposition) and "destruction" (dissolution) of the microscopic metal structure. The thickness of the metal ion electrolyte layer is 1–3 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the material of the counter electrode is selected from conductive semiconductor glass materials such as ITO, FTO, or AZO.

[0016] Application of the multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition as a material for intelligent control of optoelectronic properties.

[0017] The photo-thermal-electromagnetic synergistic control mechanism of the reversible metal electrodeposition unit of the present invention is as follows: By independently controlling the oxidation / reduction reactions of metal ions in reversible metal electrodeposition units, the dissolution / deposition of metal ions is achieved, thereby realizing the "generation process" and "disappearance process" of the patterned metal layer of the "unit," directly leading to the squareness of its sheet resistance and achieving dynamic control of its "colored state" and "faded state" in visible light, as well as "high emissivity" and "low emissivity" in the infrared band. Through flexible and independent control of the "reversible metal electrodeposition unit," a camouflage transformation effect of visible spectrum-infrared radiation can be achieved for the entire large-area device pixel array.

[0018] The electrodeposited metal film gradually forms on the inner surface of the working electrode during the electrodeposition process. The change in the sheet resistance of this film is key to achieving tunable radar wave scattering characteristics. Simultaneously, the transformation of different patterned configurations of adjacent primitives is another crucial factor in achieving tunable radar wave scattering characteristics. Independent "primitives" control the sheet resistance and patterned configuration changes of the constituent "metal patches" through reversible metal electrodeposition / dissolution, which is equivalent to causing changes in the sheet resistance and configuration of the overall electromagnetic metasurface. This allows for flexible and convenient multi-mode transformation of the phase, amplitude, and other characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves, achieving the goal of electromagnetic characteristic control. This forms a practical multi-mode transformation coded metasurface function, greatly simplifying the design and overcoming the current challenge of the inability to transform solidified electromagnetic metasurface patterns.

[0019] Reversible metal electrodeposition units enable synergistic modulation of visible-infrared radiation. Independent "units" control the dynamic modulation of the infrared band between high absorption and high reflectivity states. In the initial state, metal ions do not deposit into a thin film on the working electrode surface; the electrolyte exhibits high absorption of infrared light, resulting in a high emissivity state. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the electrolyte undergo reduction reactions, gradually depositing onto the working electrode to create a metal thin film layer with strong infrared reflection, thus achieving a low-emissivity state. When a reverse electric field is applied, the metal on the working electrode surface is oxidized and redissolved in the electrolyte, gradually returning to the initial high emissivity state. Simultaneously, independent "units" control the dynamic modulation of the visible light "coloring state" and "fading state." When metal is deposited in nanoparticle form, the free electrons on its surface undergo localized surface plasmon resonance under visible light irradiation. This effect strongly absorbs visible light of specific wavelengths, causing the device to exhibit a structural color complementary to that wavelength. When the deposition thickens into a continuous thin film, it transforms into broadband strong absorption or high reflectivity of visible light, exhibiting a metallic luster or black color. After the metal is dissolved, these effects disappear, and the device returns to transparency. Therefore, by controlling the flexible and independent "reversible metal electrodeposition unit," it is possible to achieve a camouflage transformation effect of visible spectrum-infrared radiation for the entire large-area device pixel array.

[0020] In summary, by precisely controlling the "birth" (deposition) and "destruction" (dissolution) of the microscopic metal structure within the "reversible metal electrodeposition unit" under voltage signal control according to application scenario requirements, the optical-thermal-electromagnetic properties of any "reversible metal electrodeposition unit" can be flexibly and independently manipulated. This enables the coded, programmable, and dynamic control of the entire checkerboard-like array device, thereby achieving customized, wide-spectrum, dynamic, and reversible control of optical color, infrared thermal radiation, and microwave scattering characteristics on a macroscopic scale. This allows for the realization of dynamically changing optical and thermal images, as well as multi-mode reconstruction of radar wave scattering characteristics.

[0021] The main feature of the intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition of the present invention is that at least two kinds of reversible metal electrodeposition units with different patterns are arranged in a specific rule order in a chessboard-like manner to form a large-area pixelated array device. In this way, each reversible metal electrodeposition unit can be equivalent to a unit of electromagnetic metasurface and can be independently controlled, thereby achieving "one-drive-multiple-effects". This enables spatial programming and dynamic reconstruction of the target multi-spectral characteristics, allowing large-area macroscopic optical patterns, thermal radiation distribution and microwave scattering fields to be reconstructed in real time, dynamically and reversibly.

[0022] The core advantage of the multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition of the present invention is as follows: (1) Multi-spectral integrated dynamic control: For the first time, synchronous and reversible control of multi-spectral characteristics is achieved in a single device and the same physical process, solving the problem of multi-spectral coordination.

[0023] (2) Multi-mode reconfigurable dynamic transformation: Through flexible and independent control of the "reversible metal electrodeposition unit", the visible light-infrared feature pattern and electromagnetic spectrum feature are no longer fixed and can be used to realize "adaptive" transformation.

[0024] (3) System integration and lightweight potential: This scheme abandons the physical stacking of multi-layer materials, integrates all spectrum modulation functions into the same thin film device, and can be coded digitally manipulated and managed, providing an ideal path for the development of ultra-thin, flexible, conformal optoelectronic property modulation smart skin.

[0025] The various terms and phrases used in this invention have their general meanings known to those skilled in the art. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a reversible metal electrodeposition unit.

[0027] Figure 2 Patterns with polygonal, fractal, numerical, and textual structures.

[0028] Figure 3Thermal infrared imaging of metal deposition in the pattern "6".

[0029] Figure 4 Example 1: Arrangement of a multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition.

[0030] Figure 5 The visible light properties (color) changes of the four reconstruction modes in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 6 The thermal infrared feature changes of the four reconstruction modes in Example 1.

[0032] Figure 7 The effect of radar wave electromagnetic characteristic changes in the four reconstruction modes of Example 1.

[0033] Figure 8 Example 2: Arrangement of a multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition.

[0034] Figure 9 The visible light properties (color) changes of the four reconstruction modes in Example 2.

[0035] Figure 10 The thermal infrared feature changes of the four reconstruction modes in Example 2.

[0036] Figure 11 The effect of radar wave electromagnetic characteristic changes in the four reconstruction modes of Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following embodiments are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials already available in the prior art and can be obtained through legitimate commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and detection methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods already available in the prior art.

[0039] Example 1: Intelligent Control Device with Multi-Spectrum Characteristics Based on Programmable Patterned Electrodeposition An intelligent multi-spectrum characteristic regulation device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition, which consists of two reversible metal electrodeposition elements with different patterns, and the reversible metal electrodeposition elements are arranged in a pixelated array in multiple rows and columns (similar to a chessboard). The main feature is to implement a patterned groove design for the dielectric layer of the working electrode according to the "metal patch configuration style" of the metasurface unit.

[0040] (I) Structure of the reversible metal electrodeposition element The structure of the reversible metal electrodeposition element is composed of an infrared highly transparent base layer, a conductive thin film layer, a patterned dielectric layer, a metal ion electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode arranged in sequence. As Figure 1 shown, among them, the infrared highly transparent base layer, the conductive thin film layer, and the patterned dielectric layer together form the working electrode; the counter electrode and the working electrode form a pair of cooperative working electrodes, and together with the metal ion electrolyte, they form a current loop; the patterned dielectric layer is provided with patterned grooves. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves, thereby presenting corresponding patterns. The configuration of the patterns can be polygons, fractal structures, numbers, characters, etc. As Figure 2 shown.

[0041] (1) Infrared highly transparent base layer: Use a BaF2 rigid substrate with a thickness of 2 mm. The material is a material that simultaneously realizes high transmission of visible light and infrared, so as to avoid the substrate affecting the color presentation and infrared emissivity regulation effect inside the reversible metal electrodeposition element structure.

[0042] (2) Conductive thin film layer: Use a Pt thin film with a thickness of 4 nm. This thickness can ensure that its influence on the regulation performance of the internal infrared and microwave frequency bands is small. The function of the conductive thin film layer is to realize the conductivity of the working electrode.

[0043] (3) Patterned dielectric layer: Use a BaF2 thin film with a thickness of 20 nm. The configuration of the pattern on the patterned dielectric layer of one kind of reversible metal electrodeposition element is the number "6", and the configuration of the pattern on the patterned dielectric layer of the other kind of reversible metal electrodeposition element is the character "回". When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves, forming specific patterns "6" and "回", which are equivalent to "metal patches".

[0044] (4) Metal ion electrolyte layer: A metal Cu-Ni alloy ion electrolyte system is adopted, and the composition is as follows: NiCl2, 1.0 mmol; CuCl2, 0.5 mmol; LiClO4, 4.5 mmol; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 10 g; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 2% (2% of the total weight of NiCl2, CuCl2, LiClO4 and DMSO). The thickness is 2 mm. The function of the metal ion electrolyte layer is to achieve the transformation of infrared variable emissivity and radar scattering characteristics through the "generation" (deposition) and "extinction" (dissolution) of the microscopic metal structure. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves to form specific patterns "6" and "回". Among them, the thermal infrared imaging when the metal is deposited as the pattern "6" is as Figure 3 shown.

[0045] (5) Counter electrode: The material is semiconductor ITO glass. The counter electrode and the working electrode form a pair of cooperative working electrodes and jointly constitute a current loop with the metal ion electrolyte.

[0046] (II) Multispectral characteristic intelligent regulation device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition It consists of two reversible metal electrodeposition elements with different patterns (reversible metal electrodeposition elements of two configurations). The size of the reversible metal electrodeposition element is 25 mm × 25 mm. The patterns set on the patterned dielectric layers of the two reversible metal electrodeposition elements are respectively: "6" and "回". The two reversible metal electrodeposition elements with different patterns are arranged in a large-area pixelated array device in a multi-row and multi-column (similar to a chessboard) in a specific regular order, as Figure 4 shown, and the two patterns are arranged at intervals.

[0047] (1) The reversible metal electrodeposition element can realize the dissolution / deposition of metal ions by controlling the oxidation / reduction reaction of metal ions, thereby realizing the "generation process" and "disappearance process" of the patterned metal layer of the "element", directly causing the change of the sheet resistance of its metal layer, and realizing the dynamic regulation of the "colored state" and "faded state" of visible light, as well as the two states of "high emissivity" and "low emissivity" in the infrared band.

[0048] Specifically, the pattern configuration change of the "metal patch" is realized by encoding and controlling independent "elements" to achieve the control of reversible electrodeposition / dissolution of metals. Among them, the metal thin film formed by electrodeposition constitutes a pattern equivalent to the "metal patch", the working electrode and the electrolyte are equivalent to the "microwave absorption dielectric layer", and the counter electrode is equivalent to the "bottom plate". For example, as Figure 5As shown, the visible light characteristics (color) change effects of four reconstruction modes, namely the initial state (Ⅰ), the electro-deposition state of the "hui" character pattern element (Ⅱ), the electro-deposition state of the "6" character pattern element (Ⅲ), and the electro-deposition state of both pattern elements (Ⅳ), are visually generated. Since the working electrode and the counter electrode are in a transparent state, and the Cu-Ni alloy electrolyte uses a copper chloride formula, the electrolyte presents a light yellowish green. When a voltage is applied to the corresponding "element", the electro-deposited Cu-Ni alloy film becomes black, making the pattern after depositing the Cu-Ni alloy in the dielectric layer groove of the "element" appear black. At the same time, in terms of thermal infrared imaging, the thermal infrared characteristic change effects of the four reconstruction modes are as Figure 6 shown.

[0049] The mechanism for the reversible metal electro-deposition element to achieve the synergistic regulation of the visible spectrum - infrared radiation is as follows: The independent "element" controls the dynamic regulation of the infrared band in two states of high absorption and high reflection. When in the initial state, metal ions do not deposit on the surface of the working electrode to form a film. At this time, the electrolyte has high absorption of infrared and thus has a high emissivity state. When an electric field is applied, the reduction reaction of metal ions in the electrolyte gradually deposits on the working electrode to generate a metal film layer with strong reflection of the infrared band, thereby achieving the switching to the low emissivity state. When the electric field is applied reversely and the metal on the surface of the working electrode is oxidized and redissolved in the electrolyte, it gradually returns to the initial high emissivity state. At the same time, the independent "element" controls the dynamic regulation of the "colored state" and "faded state" of visible light. When the metal is deposited in the form of nanoparticles, the free electrons on its surface will undergo local surface plasmon resonance under visible light irradiation. This effect strongly absorbs visible light of a specific wavelength, making the device present the structural color of the complementary color of that wavelength. When the deposition thickens into a continuous film, it changes to broadband strong absorption or high reflection of visible light, presenting a metallic luster or black. After dissolving the metal, these effects disappear and the device returns to transparent. Therefore, through the flexible and independent control of the "reversible metal electro-deposition element", the camouflage transformation effect of the visible spectrum - infrared radiation of the entire large-area device pixel array can be realized.

[0050] (2) During the electro-deposition process, an electro-deposited metal film is gradually formed on the inner surface of the working electrode. The change in the sheet resistance of this film layer is the key to achieving adjustable radar wave scattering characteristics. At the same time, the different patterning configurations of adjacent elements are another key to achieving adjustable radar wave scattering characteristics. The independent "element" controls the implementation of metal reversible electro-deposition / dissolution control to form the sheet resistance and pattern configuration changes of the "metal patch", which is equivalent to causing the sheet resistance and configuration changes of the overall electromagnetic metasurface, so that the multi-mode transformation of the characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves such as phase and amplitude can be flexibly and easily realized to achieve the purpose of electromagnetic characteristic control. In this way, the actual multi-mode transformation encoded metasurface function is formed, greatly simplifying the design and overcoming the problem that the pattern of the current electromagnetic metasurface is fixed and cannot be transformed.

[0051] Specifically, the effects of the four reconstruction modes on the changes in radar wave electromagnetic characteristics are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0052] In summary, by precisely controlling the "birth" (deposition) and "destruction" (dissolution) of the microscopic metal structure within the "reversible metal electrodeposition unit" under voltage signal control according to application scenario requirements, the optical-thermal-electromagnetic properties of any "reversible metal electrodeposition unit" can be flexibly and independently manipulated. This enables the coded, programmable, and dynamic control of the entire checkerboard-like array device, thereby achieving customized, wide-spectrum, dynamic, and reversible control of optical color, infrared thermal radiation, and microwave absorption / scattering characteristics on a macroscopic scale. This allows for the realization of dynamically changing optical and thermal images, as well as multi-mode reconstruction of radar wave scattering characteristics.

[0053] Example 2: Intelligent control device with multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition A multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition is disclosed, consisting of four reversible metal electrodeposition units with different patterns. The reversible metal electrodeposition units are arranged in a pixelated array with multiple rows and columns (similar to a chessboard). The main feature is that the dielectric layer of the working electrode is designed with patterned grooves in a complementary manner according to the "metal patch configuration" of the metasurface unit.

[0054] (I) Reversible metal electrodeposition basic structure The reversible metal electrodeposition unit has the following structure: it consists of an infrared high-transmittance substrate layer, a conductive thin film layer, a patterned dielectric layer, a metal ion electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode arranged sequentially. The infrared high-transmittance substrate layer, the conductive thin film layer, and the patterned dielectric layer constitute the working electrode. The counter electrode and the working electrode form a pair of cooperative working electrodes and together with the metal ion electrolyte form a current loop. The patterned dielectric layer has patterned grooves. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves, thereby presenting the corresponding pattern.

[0055] (1) Infrared high transmittance substrate: made of flexible polypropylene material with a thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0056] (2) Conductive thin film layer: Pt thin film with a thickness of 2 nm is used.

[0057] (3) Patterned dielectric layer: A ZnS thin film with a thickness of 50 nm is used. The patterns on the patterned dielectric layer of the four reversible metal electrodeposition units are configured as hexagonal, "L"-shaped, "+"-shaped, and circular ring. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves to form the corresponding patterns, which are equivalent to "metal patches".

[0058] (4) Metal ion electrolyte layer: A metal Ag ion electrolyte system is adopted, and the composition is: dimethyl sulfoxide, vinyl butyral, silver bromide and tetrabutylammonium bromide, wherein the concentration of vinyl butyral is 10% by weight; the concentration of silver bromide is 0.5 M; and the concentration of tetrabutylammonium bromide is 0.5 M. The thickness is 2 mm. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves to form the corresponding pattern.

[0059] (5) Counter electrode: The material is semiconductor FTO glass.

[0060] (II) Intelligent control device with multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition It consists of four reversible metal electrodeposition units with different patterns. Each reversible metal electrodeposition unit measures 15 mm × 15 mm. The pattern configurations on the patterned dielectric layer of the four reversible metal electrodeposition units are hexagonal, L-shaped, cross-shaped, and annular, respectively. The four reversible metal electrodeposition units are arranged in a multi-row, multi-column (chessboard-like) pixelated array, forming a large-area pixelated array device according to a specific rule order. Figure 8 As shown, hexagons and "L" shapes are arranged alternately in one row, and cross shapes and rings are arranged alternately in the next row, and so on.

[0061] (1) The reversible electrodeposition / dissolution of metal is controlled by encoding independent "primitives" to achieve pattern configuration changes in the "metal patch". The pattern formed by the electrodeposited metal film is equivalent to the "metal patch", the working electrode and electrolyte are equivalent to the "wave-absorbing dielectric layer", and the counter electrode is equivalent to the "base plate". For example, ... Figure 9 As shown, the visible light characteristics (color) changes of four reconstruction modes are visually generated: the initial state (Ⅰ), three electrodeposition states of "L" shape, "+" shape, and ring shape (Ⅱ), two electrodeposition states of hexagonal and ring shape (Ⅲ), and two electrodeposition states of "L" shape and "+" shape (Ⅳ). Since the working electrode and counter electrode are transparent, while the Ag-based electrolyte is colorless and transparent, when a voltage is applied to the corresponding "element," the electrodeposited Ag film is silver, and the pattern of Ag deposited in the dielectric layer groove of the "element" appears silver. Simultaneously, in terms of thermal infrared imaging, the thermal infrared characteristic changes of the four reconstruction modes are as follows... Figure 10 As shown.

[0062] (2) The effects of the changes in radar wave electromagnetic characteristics under the above four reconstruction modes are as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0063] In summary, by precisely controlling the "birth" (deposition) and "destruction" (dissolution) of the microscopic metal structure within the "reversible metal electrodeposition unit" under voltage signal control according to application scenario requirements, the optical-thermal-electromagnetic properties of any "reversible metal electrodeposition unit" can be flexibly and independently manipulated. This enables the coded, programmable, and dynamic control of the entire checkerboard-like array device, thereby achieving customized, wide-spectrum, dynamic, and reversible control of optical color, infrared thermal radiation, and microwave scattering characteristics on a macroscopic scale. This allows for the realization of dynamically changing optical and thermal images, as well as multi-mode reconstruction of radar wave scattering characteristics.

[0064] The above embodiments are provided to those skilled in the art to fully disclose and describe how the claimed implementations can be carried out and used, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure herein. Modifications that will be obvious to those skilled in the art will be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition, characterized in that: It consists of at least two reversible metal electrodeposition elements with different patterns, and the reversible metal electrodeposition elements are distributed in a pixelated array. The structure of the reversible metal electrodeposition element is as follows: It is composed of an infrared highly transparent substrate layer, a conductive thin film layer, a patterned dielectric layer, a metal ion electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode arranged in sequence. Among them, the infrared highly transparent substrate layer, the conductive thin film layer, and the patterned dielectric layer together form a working electrode; the counter electrode and the working electrode form a pair of cooperative working electrodes, and together with the metal ion electrolyte, they form an electric current loop; there are patterned grooves on the patterned dielectric layer. When an electric field is applied, the metal ions in the metal ion electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction and are deposited on the patterned grooves, thus presenting corresponding patterns.

2. The intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reversible metal electrodeposition elements are distributed in a pixelated array of multiple rows and multiple columns.

3. The intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: Independently control the metal ion oxidation / reduction reaction of the reversible metal electrodeposition element to achieve the dissolution / deposition of metal ions, thereby realizing the "generation process" and "disappearance process" of the patterned metal layer, directly causing the sheet resistance of its metal layer to square, and realizing the dynamic regulation of the "colored state" and "faded state" of its visible light, as well as the two states of "high emissivity" and "low emissivity" in the infrared band; through flexible and independent control of the "reversible metal electrodeposition element", achieve the camouflage transformation effect of the visible spectrum - infrared radiation of the entire device.

4. The intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The change in the sheet resistance and pattern configuration of the metal layer deposited on the patterned grooves is equivalent to causing the change in the sheet resistance and configuration of the overall electromagnetic metasurface, thereby achieving multi-mode transformation of the phase and amplitude of the incident electromagnetic wave and realizing the regulation of the radar wave scattering characteristics.

5. The multi-spectral intelligent control device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The configuration of the pattern provided on the patterned dielectric layer is selected from any one of polygons, fractal structures, numbers, and characters.

6. The intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 5, characterized in that: It consists of two reversible metal electrodeposition elements with different patterns. The configurations of the patterns provided on the patterned dielectric layers of the two reversible metal electrodeposition elements are respectively: "6", "回". Or: It consists of four reversible metal electrodeposition elements with different patterns. The configurations of the patterns provided on the patterned dielectric layers of the four reversible metal electrodeposition elements are respectively: hexagon, "L" shape, "十" shape, and circular ring.

7. The intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the infrared highly transparent substrate is selected from any one of BaF2, polyethylene, and polypropylene; the thickness is 1.5 - 3 mm. The conductive thin film is a Pt thin film, and the thickness is 1 - 6 nm.

8. The intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the patterned dielectric layer is selected from any one of BaF2, ZnS, and ZnSe; the thickness is 20 - 50 nm.

9. The intelligent control device for multi-spectral characteristics based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal ion electrolyte refers to the electrolyte containing Cu. 2+ Zn 2+ Ag + Ni + Or Bi 3+ An electrolyte comprising any one or more metal ion deposition systems; wherein the thickness of the metal ion electrolyte layer is 1–3 mm. The material of the counter electrode is selected from ITO, FTO, or AZO.

10. Application of the multi-spectrum characteristic intelligent regulation device based on programmable patterned electrodeposition according to any one of claims 1 - 9 in the preparation of or as an intelligent regulation material for optoelectronic characteristics.

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