Intensive cultivation method of rare medicinal materials with plant allelopathy

Abstract

The application discloses an intensive cultivation method of rare medicinal materials with plant allelopathy, and relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material cultivation, and comprises a radicle safety domain, an outer edge protection domain and a cultivation unit with a directional selection and penetration interface between the two domains, wherein the radicle safety domain is filled with a germination and cultivation substrate, and the outer edge protection domain is filled with a protection substrate and is configured with an allelopathy source plant component; seeds are placed in the radicle safety domain and seedling raising management is performed, a net outward seepage component is formed by irrigation and water replenishment within a sensitive window from seedling emergence to slow seedling, so that inhibitory small molecules outward migrate at the directional selection and penetration interface and are intercepted and inactivated on the outer edge side, while water and inorganic ion supplies are maintained; the outer edge grass and bacteria inhibiting effect is continuously maintained in the early stage of planting and flux maintenance is implemented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, and in particular to an intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs that integrates plant allelopathic effects. Background Technology

[0002] The cultivation of rare medicinal herbs has shifted from extensive open-field cultivation to facility-based and unit-based management. Technical approaches have been developed around the supply of water and ions to the rhizosphere environment during the seedling stage, disease and weed control, and substrate stabilization, including tray seedling cultivation, zoned substrate filling, associated plant belts, and slow-release mulching. Allelopathic regulatory factors have also been used to reduce chemical inputs.

[0003] In the above pathway, the phenolic acid inhibitory small molecules released by allelochemicals have diffusion characteristics. During the sensitive window from seedling emergence to seedling establishment, they are easily migrated into the radicle zone with water, causing an increase and fluctuation in the rhizosphere inhibitory load. This leads to instability in seedling uniformity and seedling vigor, becoming a key constraint on the stable operation of intensive units. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides an intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal materials that integrates plant allelopathic effects.

[0005] This disclosure provides a method for intensive cultivation of rare medicinal herbs that integrates plant allelopathic effects. The method includes constructing an intensive cultivation unit for early seedling or transplanting stages. The intensive cultivation unit includes a radicle safety domain, an outer protective domain, and a directional selective permeation interface disposed between the radicle safety domain and the outer protective domain. The directional selective permeation interface has an ion channel side facing the radicle safety domain and a reaction core side facing the outer protective domain. A germination culture substrate is filled into the radicle safety domain, and a protective substrate is filled into the outer protective domain. Allelopathic plant components are configured in the outer protective domain to release allelopathic factors during cultivation, thereby inhibiting weed germination or soil-borne pathogens during the seedling stage. Inhibition effect; the seeds of rare medicinal materials are sown in the radicle safety zone, and germination and seedling management are implemented; during the sensitive window from germination to seedling establishment, irrigation is used to make the radicle safety zone form a net outward permeation component relative to the outer edge protection zone, causing the inhibitory small molecules to migrate outward at the directional selective permeation interface and be intercepted and inactivated on the reaction core side, thereby reducing the peak value or fluctuation amplitude of inhibitory small molecules in the radicle safety zone, while maintaining the supply of water and inorganic ions to the radicle safety zone; the weed-suppressing and antibacterial effect of the outer edge protection zone is maintained continuously in the early stage of planting, and flux maintenance is implemented at the directional selective permeation interface to maintain the stable operation of the cultivation unit.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by dividing the cultivation unit into a radicle safety domain and an outer protective domain and setting an oriented selective permeable interface, allelopathic inhibitory molecules preferentially migrate outward within the sensitive window and are selectively intercepted and inactivated on the reaction core side. This reduces the peak value and fluctuation range of inhibitory molecules in the radicle safety domain, reduces the risk of inhibition during the germination and seedling establishment periods, and maintains a stable increase in seedling emergence rate and uniformity. At the same time, the outer protective domain continuously possesses weed and fungicide inhibition capabilities and reduces the risk of back-release caused by adsorption saturation in the later stages, thereby improving the batch stability and long-term sustainable operation capability of intensive production. Attached Figure Description

[0007] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0008] Figure 1 A flowchart for an intensive cultivation method that integrates plant allelopathic effects for rare medicinal herbs.

[0009] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic mechanism of directional selection through interface peak clipping and outer edge suppression. Detailed Implementation

[0010] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0011] This application provides an intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs that integrates plant allelopathic effects, such as... Figure 1As shown, the method includes constructing an intensive cultivation unit for early seedling or transplanting stages. This intensive cultivation unit comprises a radicle safety zone, an outer protective zone, and a directional selective permeation interface positioned between the radicle safety zone and the outer protective zone. This structure partitions the critical germination rhizosphere and the outer inhibitory zone within the same unit, enabling spatial compatibility and controllable boundary conditions for germination safety and outer weed and fungal inhibition. The directional selective permeation interface has an ion channel side facing the radicle safety zone and a reaction core side facing the outer protective zone. This orientation provides path constraints for the directional migration and interface-side interception of inhibitory small molecules, making the radicle safety zone less susceptible to the instantaneous inhibitory load impact caused by backflow. The radicle safety zone is filled with a germination cultivation substrate, and the outer protective zone is filled with a protective substrate. This substrate division maintains a suitable water and ion supply environment for germination and seedling establishment in the radicle safety zone, while also ensuring that the outer protective zone... The outer protective zone provides a buffer space to accommodate the release of allelopathic and inhibitory factors, reducing adverse disturbances to the radicle zone. Allelopathic plant components are configured within the outer protective zone to release allelopathic factors during cultivation, inhibiting weed germination or soil-borne pathogens during the seedling stage. This configuration concentrates the inhibitory effect in the outer region, forming a continuous protective zone, reducing reliance on chemical control and lowering competitive and pathogenic pressures during the seedling stage. Seeds of rare medicinal herbs are sown within the radicle safety zone for germination and seedling management. The sowing location and zone boundaries ensure controlled radicle development during germination, promoting stable germination rate and uniformity. Within the sensitive window from germination to establishment, irrigation creates a net outward flow component between the radicle safety zone and the outer protective zone, causing inhibitory molecules to migrate outward at the directional selective permeation interface and be intercepted and inactivated on the reaction core side. Figure 2 As shown, this reduces the peak value or fluctuation range of inhibitory small molecules within the radicle safety domain, while maintaining the supply of water and inorganic ions to the radicle safety domain. This window period control transforms the peaks and fluctuations of inhibitory small molecules into outward migration processes that can be clipped, reducing the inhibition risk during germination and seedling establishment stages and maintaining the continuity of supply to the radicle safety domain. It continuously maintains the weed-suppressing and antibacterial effects of the outer protective domain in the early stages of planting and performs flux maintenance on the directional selection through the interface to maintain the stable operation of the cultivation unit. This continuous maintenance mechanism makes the interface less prone to functional drift due to blockage or saturation, improving batch consistency and continuous operation capability in intensive production.

[0012] Preferably, the directional selective permeation interface is a composite porous structure, comprising at least a support layer, an ion channel layer disposed on the support layer, and a reaction core layer disposed on the support layer; the ion channel layer constitutes the ion channel side, and the reaction core layer constitutes the reaction core side; the composite structure simultaneously provides mechanical support, channel selection, and reaction interception boundary within the same interface, enabling directional migration and interception inactivation to have structural repeatability and facilitate large-scale assembly.

[0013] Preferably, the support layer is one of fiber web, porous membrane, nonwoven fabric, and mineral fiber felt. The support layer has a hierarchical pore structure to reduce flux attenuation caused by colloidal blockage. The hierarchical pore structure delays local short circuits or blockages caused by the accumulation of fine particles and colloids in the pores, thereby extending the flux maintenance cycle and reducing the maintenance frequency.

[0014] Preferably, the ion channel layer contains fixed-charge groups and forms continuous hydrophilic channels, allowing water and inorganic ions to pass preferentially, while simultaneously inhibiting the backflow of aromatic inhibitory small molecules; the fixed-charge groups include one or more of sulfonic acid groups, quaternary ammonium groups, and carboxyl groups; the continuous hydrophilic channels and fixed charges work together to make the water supply and ion replenishment in the germinal root safety domain more stable, and to block the backflow of inhibitory small molecules, thereby reducing the probability of the occurrence of inhibitory peaks in the germinal root region from the source.

[0015] Preferably, the reaction core layer comprises a selective affinity adsorption phase, which has a higher affinity for phenolic acid inhibitory small molecules; the selective affinity adsorption phase is one or more of molecularly imprinted polymer particles, functionalized porous carbon materials, and functionalized mineral adsorption phases; the high affinity adsorption makes the inhibitory small molecules more likely to be trapped on the reaction core side and removed from the migration flux, thereby stably isolating the inhibitory load on the outer protective domain side.

[0016] Preferably, the reaction core layer further includes an immobilized deactivating phase, which is used to catalyze the oxidative coupling or polymerization deposition of the inhibitory small molecules to reduce their mobility and delay the saturation of the selective affinity adsorption phase. This deactivation process converts the migratory small molecules into low-migration products, reduces the risk of desorption and back-release in the later stage, makes the outer edge inhibition ability more durable and reduces long-term operating fluctuations.

[0017] Preferably, the immobilized deactivation phase includes one or more of immobilized laccase, immobilized peroxidase, and immobilized polyphenol oxidase, and the immobilization carrier is one or more of porous carbon carrier, inorganic porous carrier, and polymer carrier; the immobilization method improves the erosion resistance and service life of the enzyme phase in a humid matrix environment, and makes the deactivation capacity and flux maintenance more stable.

[0018] Preferably, the allelopathic plant component includes one or more of the following: an allelopathic plant companion zone, an allelopathic plant residue covering layer, and an allelopathic plant residue fermentation product slow-release layer; the allelopathic plant residue covering layer or slow-release layer is arranged in the outer protective area so that the allelopathic factors are mainly released in the outer region; the component morphology and arrangement provide adjustable means for the intensity and duration of the inhibition zone, making the outer inhibition more continuous and reducing the disordered diffusion of allelopathic factors into the radicle region.

[0019] Preferably, the net outward percolation component is formed by drip irrigation or bottom water replenishment on the root safety zone side, and drainage or evapotranspiration enhancement conditions on the outer edge protection zone side, so that the hydraulic gradient is directed towards the outer edge protection zone; and the directional selective permeation interface maintains the outward migration driving force of the inhibitory small molecules through the wettability gradient and the continuous consumption effect on the reaction core side; this method solidifies the migration direction of the inhibitory small molecules to outward priority, making the peak-shaving effect more repeatable within the sensitive window, and without sacrificing the water and ion supply in the root zone.

[0020] Preferably, the flux maintenance includes one or more of the following operations: performing low-pressure backwashing, periodic clean water rinsing, and replacing or replenishing the reaction core layer on the outer edge protection zone of the directional selection permeable interface; and during the maintenance process, assessing the germination rate, germination uniformity, seedling vigor index, and the number of weeds or the incidence of seedling diseases in the outer edge protection zone to adjust the intensity of allelopathic plant components in the outer edge protection zone (e.g., the amount of cover or slow-release layer, the intensity of the accompanying strip, etc.) or irrigation conditions (e.g., drip irrigation or bottom irrigation, the intensity of irrigation, and the coordination with drainage on the outer edge); the linkage between maintenance operations and index assessments enables the cultivation unit to return to a stable operating range even under conditions of blockage, saturation, or climate fluctuations, taking into account both germination quality and outer edge protection strength while reducing batch-to-batch differences.

[0021] In this embodiment, samples were taken daily from day 1 to day 14 post-sowing, with endpoint evaluation performed on day 30. Sampling locations were the middle of the matrix within both the radicle safety zone and the outer protective zone. A 1:10 ratio of wet matrix to deionized water was added, and the mixture was extracted at 25°C with shaking for 30 minutes. After standing, the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45-micron filter to obtain the aqueous extract. Inhibitory small molecules were characterized by phenolic acids. The contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid were determined by HPLC using the external standard method. A C18 column was used, with a gradient elution of aqueous and acetonitrile mobile phases. The detection wavelength was 280 nm, and the results were calculated as the combined concentration of both molecules in mg / L. The emergence rate was calculated as a percentage based on the number of seedlings emerging per well on day 14. Seedling uniformity was assessed by measuring the seedling height per well on day 14 and calculating the coefficient of variation. Strong seedlings were also evaluated. On day 14, the fresh weight of a single plant and the length of the taproot were measured and the mean was recorded. For the outer edge weed suppression, the number of germinating indicator weeds in the outer edge protection zone was counted on day 14. At the end-point evaluation on day 30, samples were taken from the radicle safety zone and the outer edge protection zone to prepare water extracts and measure the phenolic acid index. The peak values ​​of the phenolic acid index in the radicle safety zone and the outer edge protection zone were obtained, and the backflow inhibition coefficient was obtained accordingly. At the same time, under the same water head conditions, the per-unit-time infiltration water volume of the directional selective permeation interface was measured and compared with the baseline test results on day 3 to obtain the flux retention rate. The disease rate of surviving plants was also counted. The net outward infiltration component was characterized by recording the water replenishment volume on the radicle safety zone side and the drainage volume collected on the outer edge protection zone side within the sensitive window and converting it to the daily average value of a single well. All indicators were reproduced using three-disc replication and given as mean and dispersion.

[0022] In this embodiment, the backflow inhibition coefficient is obtained by taking the phenolic acid index concentration sequences of the radicle safety domain and the outer protective domain within the sensitive window from seedling emergence to seedling establishment, and taking the peak value of the phenolic acid index in each sequence. The backflow inhibition coefficient is the ratio of the peak value of the phenolic acid index in the radicle safety domain to the peak value of the phenolic acid index in the outer protective domain. The flux retention rate is expressed as a percentage. On the 3rd and 30th days, the same water head conditions are applied to both sides of the directional selective permeation interface, and the timing is kept consistent. The permeation water volume per unit time is measured to obtain the permeation flux on the 3rd day and the permeation flux on the 30th day. The flux retention rate is the ratio of the permeation flux on the 30th day to the permeation flux on the 3rd day. The seedling height variation coefficient is calculated by measuring the height of each seedling on the 14th day and calculating the mean seedling height and the standard deviation of seedling height. The seedling height variation coefficient is the ratio of the standard deviation of seedling height to the mean seedling height. The disease rate is calculated by counting the number of diseased plants and the total number of valid surveyed plants on the 30th day. The disease rate is the ratio of the number of diseased plants to the total number of valid surveyed plants.

[0023] Example 1: An intensive cultivation unit was constructed using 72-well trays, with three trays per treatment, each tray containing 50 wells. Each well was divided into a coaxial partition of a radicle safety zone and an outer protective zone. A directional selective permeability interface was assembled between the two zones. The interface included a hierarchical nonwoven fabric support layer, a continuous hydrophilic ion channel layer containing sulfonic acid groups facing the radicle safety zone, and a reaction core layer facing the outer protective zone. The reaction core layer was filled with a composite of molecularly imprinted polymer particles and functionalized porous carbon materials. The radicle safety zone was filled with germination culture substrate, and the outer protective zone was filled with protective substrate with an allelopathic plant residue covering layer at the outer edge, so that allelopathic factors were mainly released in the outer region. Rare medicinal herb seeds were sown in the radicle safety zone, and the seedlings were allowed to germinate until... Drip irrigation was applied to the radicle safety zone within the seedling establishment sensitive window, while drainage was maintained on the outer protective zone to form a net outward seepage component. This caused inhibitory small molecules to migrate outward at the interface and be intercepted and inactivated on the reaction core side. Flux maintenance was achieved by low-pressure backwashing on day 10 and rinsing with clean water on day 14. The test records showed that the peak value of phenolic acid in the radicle safety zone was 0.27 mg / L, the peak-to-valley difference was 0.12 mg / L, the backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.20, the flux retention rate was 81.0% on day 30, the number of seedlings was 130 per 150 seeds on day 14, the seedling emergence rate was 86.7% on day 14, the seedling height variation coefficient was 12.7% on day 14, the number of barnyard grass germinations on the outer edge was 3.1 per hole, and the disease rate was 7.9% on day 30.

[0024] Example 2: The tray specifications and replication settings are the same as in Example 1. Each well is constructed with a radicle safety domain and an outer protective domain, and an oriented selective permeation interface is assembled. The support layer is a hierarchical porous mineral fiber felt. The ion channel layer is a continuous hydrophilic channel layer with quaternary ammonium and carboxyl groups to fix the charge and faces the radicle safety domain. The reaction core layer faces the outer protective domain and uses a composite of functionalized mineral adsorbent phase and functionalized porous carbon material, loaded with immobilized laccase to reduce the migration of inhibitory small molecules and delay the saturation of the adsorbent phase. An allelopathic plant companion zone is arranged in the outer protective domain to form an outer inhibition zone. Sensitive window Watering was applied to the radicle safety zone side and drainage was applied to the outer edge protection zone side to form an outward hydraulic gradient. Flux maintenance was performed by low-pressure backwashing on day 12 and clean water rinsing on day 14. The test records showed that the peak value of phenolic acid in the radicle safety zone was 0.21 mg / L, the peak-to-valley difference was 0.09 mg / L, the backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.16, the flux retention rate was 86.0% on day 30, the number of seedlings was 135 per 150 seeds on day 14, the seedling rate was 90.0% on day 14, the seedling height variation coefficient was 10.3% on day 14, the number of barnyard grass germinations on the outer edge was 2.2 per hole, and the disease rate was 6.5% on day 30.

[0025] Example 3: The specifications and setup of the seedling tray are the same as in Example 1. The support layer is a hierarchical porous mineral fiber felt. The ion channel layer is a continuous hydrophilic channel layer containing sulfonic acid groups, and a wettability gradient is formed on the ion channel side to maintain the outward migration driving force. The reaction core layer is a composite of molecularly imprinted polymer particles and functionalized porous carbon materials, loaded with immobilized polyphenol oxidase. A slow-release layer of allelopathic plant residue fermentation products is arranged in the outer protective domain to stabilize the release position of allelopathic factors in the outer region. Water is replenished at the bottom of the embryonic root safety domain within the sensitive window and on the outer protective domain side. Drainage and evapotranspiration enhancement conditions were set up to form an outward hydraulic gradient. Flux maintenance was carried out by flushing with clean water on the 7th day and low-pressure backwashing on the 12th day. The test records showed that the peak value of phenolic acid index in the radicle safety zone was 0.17 mg / L, the peak-to-valley difference was 0.07 mg / L, the backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.13, the flux retention rate was 89.0% on the 30th day, the number of seedlings was 138 per 150 seeds on the 14th day, the seedling rate was 92.0% on the 14th day, the seedling height variation coefficient was 9.5% on the 14th day, the number of barnyard grass germinations on the outer edge was 2.0 per hole, and the disease rate was 5.6% on the 30th day.

[0026] Example 4: The specifications and setup of the seedling trays are the same as in Example 1. The support layer is a hierarchical porous membrane, the ion channel layer is a carboxyl-fixed charge hydrophilic channel layer facing the radicle safety domain, and the reaction core layer is a composite of functionalized mineral adsorbent phase, molecularly imprinted polymer particles, and functionalized porous carbon materials loaded with immobilized peroxidase. The outer protective domain is simultaneously arranged with an allelopathic plant residue covering layer and an allelopathic plant companion zone to make the outer inhibition zone continuous. Within the sensitive window, drip irrigation is performed on the radicle safety domain side and drainage is performed on the outer protective domain side. An outward hydraulic gradient was formed, and flux maintenance was achieved by low-pressure backwashing on day 10 and clean water rinsing on day 14. The test records showed the following: peak phenolic acid index in the radicle safety zone was 0.22 mg / L, peak-to-valley difference was 0.09 mg / L, backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.16, flux retention rate was 84.0% on day 30, seedling number was 133 seedlings per 150 seeds on day 14, seedling rate was 88.7% on day 14, seedling height variation coefficient was 10.9% on day 14, number of barnyard grass germinations on the outer edge was 2.8 seedlings per hole, and disease incidence rate was 6.8% on day 30.

[0027] Example 5: The specifications and replication settings of the seedling trays were the same as in Example 1. The interface structure and inactivation phase configuration were the same as in Example 3. The outer protective zone still used a slow-release layer of allelopathic plant residue fermentation products, but the application intensity was controlled at a moderate level. The water replenishment intensity within the sensitive window was controlled in a low range, and drainage was maintained at the outer edge to maintain the outward hydraulic gradient. Flux maintenance was carried out by rinsing with clean water on the 7th day and the 14th day. The detection records were as follows: peak value of phenolic acid index in the radicle safety zone: 0.26 mg / L; peak-to-valley difference: 0.11 mg / L; backflow inhibition coefficient: 0.19; flux retention rate on day 30: 83.0%; number of seedlings on day 14: 127 seedlings per 150 seeds; seedling rate on day 14: 84.7%; seedling height variation coefficient on day 14: 13.4%; number of barnyard grass germinations per hole on the outer edge: 3.4 seedlings; disease rate on day 30: 7.0%.

[0028] Example 6: The specifications and setup of the planting trays are the same as in Example 1. The support layer is a hierarchical porous mineral fiber felt. The ion channel layer is a continuous hydrophilic channel layer with fixed charges by quaternary ammonium and carboxyl groups, facing the radicle safety domain. The reaction core layer adopts a double-layer structure: a functionalized mineral adsorption phase enrichment layer near the support layer and a functionalized porous carbon material enrichment layer near the outer protective domain. Both layers are loaded with immobilized laccase, and the reaction core layer on the outer protective domain side is supplemented in the early stage of planting to maintain continuous consumption capacity. Allelopathic plants are arranged in the outer protective domain. Within the sensitive window... Bottom watering was combined with peripheral drainage and evapotranspiration to create an outward hydraulic gradient. Flux maintenance was performed with low-pressure backwashing on day 10 and clean water rinsing on day 14. The test records showed that the peak value of phenolic acid index in the radicle safety zone was 0.18 mg / L, the peak-to-valley difference was 0.07 mg / L, the backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.15, the flux retention rate was 92.0% on day 30, the number of seedlings on day 14 was 141 per 150 seeds, the seedling rate was 94.0% on day 14, the seedling height variation coefficient was 9.2% on day 14, the number of barnyard grass germinations on the outer edge was 2.5 per hole, and the disease rate was 5.3% on day 30.

[0029] Comparative Example 1: The tray specifications and replication settings were the same as in Example 1, except that no partitioning of the radicle safety zone and outer edge protection zone was set, and no directional selective permeation interface was set. Allelopathic plant residues and germination culture substrate were mixed in the same hole before sowing. Water was replenished by orifice irrigation within the sensitive window, and no interface flux maintenance was performed. Other seedling management conditions remained the same. The detection records showed that the peak value of phenolic acid index at the corresponding position of the radicle was 0.86 mg / L, the peak-to-valley difference was 0.38 mg / L, the backflow inhibition coefficient and flux retention rate were not applicable, the number of seedlings on day 14 was 109 per 150 seeds, the seedling rate on day 14 was 72.7%, the coefficient of variation of seedling height on day 14 was 19.6%, the number of barnyard grass germinations on the outer edge was 1.3 per hole, and the disease rate on day 30 was 6.0%.

[0030] Comparative Example 2: The tray specifications and replication settings were the same as in Example 1, with partitions of the radicle safety zone and the outer edge protection zone. However, only a single porous membrane support layer was set between the two zones, without an ion channel layer or a reaction core layer. The outer edge protection zone was equipped with a slow-release layer of fermentation products from allelopathic plant residues. Water was replenished from the radicle safety zone side and drained from the outer edge protection zone side within the sensitive window to form an outward hydraulic gradient. On the 14th day, the area was rinsed with clean water, but the interception and inactivation process on the reaction core side was not performed. The detection records were as follows: peak phenolic acid index of 0.48 mg / L in the radicle safety zone, peak-to-valley difference of 0.19 mg / L, backflow inhibition coefficient of 0.32, flux retention rate of 77.0% on day 30, number of seedlings of 122 per 150 seeds on day 14, seedling rate of 81.3% on day 14, seedling height variation coefficient of 15.8% on day 14, number of barnyard grass germination per hole of 5.4 on the outer edge, and disease rate of 8.9% on day 30.

[0031] Comparative Example 3 uses the same seedling tray specifications and replication settings as Example 1, but with partitions for the radicle safety zone and outer protective zone, and a composite porous interface is assembled. The interface includes a support layer and an ion channel layer, and a reaction core layer is provided. The reaction core layer contains only a selectively affinity adsorbed phase and does not contain an immobilized inactivating phase. Flux maintenance is achieved only by periodic rinsing with clean water. Comparative Example 3 uses three consecutive batches of seedlings. The first batch is the first batch of seedlings to use the composite porous interface. The second batch is the next batch of seedlings after the first batch, where only periodic rinsing of the composite porous interface is performed without replacing or replenishing the reaction core layer material. The third batch is the next batch of seedlings after the second batch, where only periodic rinsing of the composite porous interface is performed without replacing or replenishing the reaction core layer material. The filling method of the radicle safety zone and outer protective zone, the arrangement of the allelopathic plant components, the irrigation and drainage conditions, the sampling location and frequency, the HPLC determination conditions of the phenolic acid index, the flux test head conditions, and the timing segment are kept consistent between the first, second, and third batches.

[0032] In Comparative Example 3, the first batch of test records showed the following: peak phenolic acid index in the radicle safety zone was 0.31 mg / L, peak-to-trough difference was 0.13 mg / L, backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.24, flux retention rate was 79.0% on day 30, number of seedlings on day 14 was 128 per 150 seeds, seedling rate was 85.3% on day 14, seedling height variation coefficient was 12.6% on day 14, number of outer barnyard grass germinations was 2.9 per hole, and disease rate was 7.4% on day 30. The second batch of test records showed the following: peak phenolic acid index in the radicle safety zone was 0.40 mg / L, peak-to-trough difference was 0.17 mg / L, backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.30, flux retention rate was 73.0% on day 30, and seedling number... On day 14, the number of seedlings was 123 per 150 seeds; the germination rate was 82.0%; the coefficient of variation for seedling height was 14.8%; the number of outer barnyard grass germinations was 3.3 per hole; and the disease rate was 8.3% on day 30. The third batch of tests recorded the following: peak value of phenolic acid in the radicle safety zone was 0.50 mg / L; peak-to-valley difference was 0.21 mg / L; backflow inhibition coefficient was 0.36; flux retention rate was 67.0% on day 30; the number of seedlings on day 14 was 117 per 150 seeds; the germination rate was 78.0%; the coefficient of variation for seedling height was 16.9%; and the disease rate was 9.1% on day 30. The number of outer barnyard grass germinations in the third batch was not included in the statistics.

[0033] Table 1. Core data on peak clipping and backflow inhibition of inhibitory small molecules within the sensitive window.

[0034] deal with Peak value of phenolic acid index in the safety zone of embryonic root (mg / L) Peak-to-valley difference (mg / L) Recirculation inhibition coefficient Flux retention rate on day 30 (%) Example 1 0.27 0.12 0.20 81.0% Example 2 0.21 0.09 0.16 86.0% Example 3 0.17 0.07 0.13 89.0% Example 4 0.22 0.09 0.16 84.0% Example 5 0.26 0.11 0.19 83.0% Example 6 0.18 0.07 0.15 92.0% Comparative Example 1 0.86 0.38 not applicable not applicable Comparative Example 2 0.48 0.19 0.32 77.0% Comparative Example 3 0.31 0.13 0.24 79.0%

[0035] Table 2 Core Data on Seedling Emergence and Peripheral Protection

[0036] deal with Number of seedlings on day 14 Day 14 of germination rate Coefficient of variation of seedling height on day 14 Number of barnyard grass germinations on the outer edge Disease incidence rate on day 30 Example 1 130 strains 86.7% 12.7% 3.1 plants / hole 7.9% Example 2 135 strains 90.0% 10.3% 2.2 plants / hole 6.5% Example 3 138 strains 92.0% 9.5% 2.0 plants / hole 5.6% Example 4 133 strains 88.7% 10.9% 2.8 plants / hole 6.8% Example 5 127 strains 84.7% 13.4% 3.4 plants / hole 7.0% Example 6 141 strains 94.0% 9.2% 2.5 plants / hole 5.3% Comparative Example 1 109 strains 72.7% 19.6% 1.3 plants / hole 6.0% Comparative Example 2 122 strains 81.3% 15.8% 5.4 plants / hole 8.9% Comparative Example 3 128 strains 85.3% 12.6% 2.9 plants / hole 7.4%

[0037] Table 1 shows that in Examples 1 to 6, the peak value of phenolic acid in the radicle safety zone was controlled between 0.17 mg / L and 0.27 mg / L, the peak-to-valley difference was controlled between 0.07 mg / L and 0.12 mg / L, the backflow inhibition coefficient was maintained between 0.13 and 0.20, and the flux retention rate was maintained between 81.0% and 92.0% on day 30 within the sensitive window. In Comparative Example 1, under the condition that the allelogen and germination culture substrate were mixed in the same region, the peak value of phenolic acid in the corresponding position of the radicle reached 0.86 mg / L and the peak-to-valley difference reached 0.38 mg / L. Within the sensitive window, the inhibitory load on the radicle side easily formed a peak and showed large fluctuations. Although Comparative Example 2 had zoning, When the interface lacks both the ion channel side and the reaction core side configuration, the peak value of the phenolic acid index in the root safety domain reaches 0.48 mg / L and the backflow inhibition coefficient reaches 0.32. The flux retention rate drops to 77.0% on day 30, indicating insufficient inhibition of small molecule backflow and insufficient interception capacity of the reaction core side. In Comparative Example 3, based on the peak value of the phenolic acid index in the root safety domain of the first batch being 0.31 mg / L and the flux retention rate being 79.0% on day 30, the peak value of the phenolic acid index in the root safety domain of the third batch increased to 0.50 mg / L and the flux retention rate dropped to 67.0% on day 30. This indicates that when relying solely on adsorption without immobilization and inactivation support, batch drift and subsequent flux decay are more likely to occur.

[0038] In Table 1, Example 3, with a peak phenolic acid index of 0.17 mg / L in the radicle safety zone, a peak-to-valley difference of 0.07 mg / L, and a backflow inhibition coefficient of 0.13, achieved a flux retention rate of 89.0% on day 30, demonstrating a stable combination of backflow inhibition on the ion channel side and interception inactivation on the reaction core side under outward permeation conditions. Example 6, with a peak phenolic acid index of 0.18 mg / L in the radicle safety zone, a peak-to-valley difference of 0.07 mg / L, and a backflow inhibition coefficient of 0.15, achieved a flux retention rate of 92.0% on day 30, maintaining a high flux retention level even under long-term hydraulic disturbance scenarios, making it suitable as a preferred configuration for large-scale seedling cultivation. Comparative Example 2, with a peak-to-valley difference of 0.19 mg / L and a backflow inhibition coefficient of 0.32 both being relatively high, showed a decrease in flux retention rate, forming a key difference from the Example 2 group. The difference lies in the two pathways of directional selection through the interface providing backflow inhibition and continuous consumption on the reaction core side.

[0039] Table 2 shows that in Examples 1 to 6, the germination rate remained between 84.7% and 94.0% on day 14, the coefficient of variation for seedling height remained between 9.2% and 13.4%, the number of outer barnyard grass germinations remained between 2.0 and 3.4 plants / hole, and the disease incidence rate remained between 5.3% and 7.9% on day 30. This indicates that germination quality and outer barnyard grass inhibition and fungal inhibition can be achieved simultaneously within the same cultivation unit. In Comparative Example 1, the number of outer barnyard grass germinations was 1.3 plants / hole, but the germination rate dropped to 72.7% on day 14, and the coefficient of variation for seedling height increased to 19.6%, indicating that the germination quality of the radicle side was inhibited. The impact of the disease led to dispersion; in Comparative Example 2, the number of barnyard grass germination on the outer edge increased to 5.4 plants / hole and the disease rate increased to 8.9% on day 30. At the same time, the emergence rate on day 14 was 81.3% and the coefficient of variation of seedling height was 15.8%, indicating that both outer edge protection and seedling stability were in an unfavorable range; in Comparative Example 3, the emergence rate of the third batch decreased to 78.0% on day 14, the coefficient of variation of seedling height increased to 16.9%, and the disease rate increased to 9.1% on day 30. This is consistent with the increase in the peak value of phenolic acid index and the decrease in flux retention rate in the third batch in Table 1, which shows that immobilization inactivation and flux maintenance play a supporting role in long-term batch stability.

[0040] The results of three consecutive batches of Comparative Example 3 showed that, under the condition that the reaction core layer contained only the selective affinity adsorption phase and did not contain the immobilized inactivation phase, and the reaction core layer was not replaced or replenished between batches, as reuse progressed, the peak value of the phenolic acid index in the radicle safety domain increased from 0.31 mg / L to 0.50 mg / L, the backflow inhibition coefficient increased from 0.24 to 0.36, and the flux retention rate decreased from 79.0% to 67.0% on day 30. This corresponds to the simultaneous increase in the inhibitory load on the radicle side and the decrease in interfacial permeability stability. This was further reflected in the seedling indicators, with the seedling emergence rate decreasing from 85.3% to 78.0%, the seedling height variation coefficient increasing from 12.6% to 16.9%, and the disease rate increasing from 7.4% to 9.1%. This demonstrates that interfaces that rely solely on adsorption are more prone to capacity decay and decreased batch stability under continuous operation scenarios.

[0041] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the protection scope of this disclosure is not limited thereto. The protection scope of this disclosure should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs that integrates plant allelopathic effects, characterized in that, include, An intensive cultivation unit is constructed for early seedling or transplanting, the intensive cultivation unit including a radicle safety domain, an outer edge protection domain, and a directional selective permeability interface disposed between the radicle safety domain and the outer edge protection domain; The directional selective permeation interface has an ion channel side facing the germinal root safety domain and a reaction core side facing the outer protective domain. Germination culture substrate is filled into the radicle safety zone, and protective substrate is filled into the outer protective zone; Allelopathic plant components are configured in the outer protective area to release allelopathic factors during cultivation, thereby inhibiting weed germination or soil-borne pathogens in the seedling stage. The seeds of rare medicinal herbs are sown in the radicle safety zone, and germination and seedling management are carried out. During the sensitive window from seedling emergence to seedling establishment, irrigation is used to create a net outward permeation component in the radicle safety domain relative to the outer protective domain. This causes inhibitory small molecules to migrate outward at the directional selective permeation interface and be intercepted and inactivated on the reaction core side, thereby reducing the peak value or fluctuation amplitude of inhibitory small molecules in the radicle safety domain, while maintaining the supply of water and inorganic ions to the radicle safety domain. The outer protective domain is maintained to suppress weeds and bacteria in the early stages of planting, and the directional selection is maintained through the interface to ensure the stable operation of the cultivation unit.

2. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating allelopathic effects as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The directional selective permeation interface is a composite porous structure, comprising at least a support layer, an ion channel layer disposed on the support layer, and a reaction core layer disposed on the support layer; The ion channel layer constitutes the ion channel side, and the reaction core layer constitutes the reaction core side.

3. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating plant allelopathic effects according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support layer is one of fiber web, porous membrane, nonwoven fabric, and mineral fiber felt, and has a hierarchical pore structure to reduce flux attenuation caused by colloidal blockage.

4. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating plant allelopathic effects according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ion channel layer contains fixed charge groups and forms continuous hydrophilic channels, allowing water and inorganic ions to pass through preferentially, while also producing a backflow inhibition effect on aromatic inhibitory small molecules. The fixed-charge groups include one or more of sulfonic acid groups, quaternary ammonium groups, and carboxyl groups.

5. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating plant allelopathic effects according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction core layer contains a selective affinity adsorption phase, which has a higher affinity for phenolic acid inhibitory small molecules; The selective affinity adsorption phase is one or more of molecularly imprinted polymer particles, functionalized porous carbon materials, and functionalized mineral adsorption phases.

6. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating allelopathic effects according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The reactive core further comprises an immobilized deactivating phase, which is used to catalyze the oxidative coupling or polymerization deposition of the inhibitory small molecules to reduce their mobility and delay the saturation of the selective affinity adsorption phase.

7. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating allelopathic effects according to claim 6, characterized in that, The immobilized deactivation phase includes one or more of immobilized laccase, immobilized peroxidase, and immobilized polyphenol oxidase, and the immobilization carrier is one or more of porous carbon carrier, inorganic porous carrier, and polymer carrier.

8. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating plant allelopathic effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The allelochemical plant component includes one or more of the following: an allelochemical plant companion zone, an allelochemical plant residue covering layer, and an allelochemical plant residue fermentation product slow-release layer. The allelopathic plant residue covering layer or slow-release layer is arranged in the outer protective area so that the allelopathic factors are mainly released in the outer region.

9. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating allelopathic effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The net outward permeation component is formed by drip irrigation or bottom watering on the root safety zone side and drainage or evapotranspiration enhancement conditions on the outer edge protection zone side, so that the hydraulic gradient is directed towards the outer edge protection zone; and the directional selective permeation interface maintains the outward migration driving force of the inhibitory small molecules through the wettability gradient and the continuous consumption effect on the reaction core side.

10. The intensive cultivation method for rare medicinal herbs incorporating allelopathic effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flux maintenance includes one or more of the following operations: performing low-pressure backwashing, periodic clean water rinsing, and replacement or replenishment of the reaction core layer on the outer edge protection zone of the directional selection permeable interface; and during the maintenance process, assessing the germination rate, germination uniformity, seedling vigor index, and the number of weeds or the incidence of seedling diseases in the outer edge protection zone in order to adjust the intensity of the placement of allelopathic plant components or the irrigation replenishment conditions in the outer edge protection zone.

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