Solar heat and photovoltaic green electricity driven biomass pyrolysis device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass pyrolysis method and device driven by solar heat and photovoltaic green electricity, which comprises a solar light condensing unit, a spectrum separation unit is arranged on an exit path of the solar light condensing unit, and the spectrum separation unit separates light energy into a first wave band and a second wave band; a photoelectric conversion unit and a photo-thermal conversion unit are arranged on an output path of the spectrum separation unit; the photoelectric conversion unit converts the first wave band into electric energy output; the photo-thermal conversion unit converts the second wave band into thermal energy output; wherein the photo-thermal conversion unit and the photoelectric conversion unit cooperate to pyrolyze biomass materials; by separating solar radiation into short-wave light and long-wave light and guiding the short-wave light and the long-wave light to photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal heating paths respectively, step-by-step efficient utilization of full spectrum of solar energy is realized, and the energy conversion efficiency of a unit area is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomass energy technology, and in particular to a biomass pyrolysis method and apparatus driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion technology that decomposes biomass feedstock into solid char, liquid oil, and gaseous fuels through high-temperature decomposition. With the increasing global demand for clean energy, biomass pyrolysis, as a green and sustainable energy conversion technology, has received widespread attention.

[0003] Existing biomass pyrolysis technology faces dual limitations in energy supply methods and process control. In terms of energy supply, current technologies utilize solar energy in a relatively singular way, typically only using its thermal effect for heating or only utilizing the photovoltaic effect for power generation. They lack a design that leverages the full spectrum of the solar spectrum—short wavelengths are suitable for power generation, while long wavelengths are suitable for heating—resulting in low overall solar energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, traditional pyrolysis heating methods, primarily using electricity or gas, inherently involve indirect carbon emissions if the electricity source remains fossil fuel-based, making it difficult to fully realize the low-carbon advantages of biomass pyrolysis technology.

[0004] At the process control level, pyrolysis reactions are extremely sensitive to temperature levels and heating rates. However, existing heating methods are prone to temperature fluctuations during actual operation. Furthermore, the lack of precise intervention methods for secondary reactions of pyrolysis steam makes it difficult to achieve stable control and flexible adjustment of the yield and composition distribution of biochar, bio-oil, and combustible gas. Therefore, how to provide energy to the biomass pyrolysis process in a cleaner and more stable manner, while also considering the targeted control of product distribution, has become a key issue to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide energy for the biomass pyrolysis process in a cleaner and more stable manner, while taking into account the directional control of product distribution.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: This invention proposes a biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity, comprising, It includes a solar concentrator unit, and the solar concentrator unit is provided with a spectral frequency division unit in its emission path, which separates the light energy into a first band and a second band. The output path of the spectral frequency division unit is equipped with a photoelectric conversion unit and a photothermal conversion unit; The photoelectric conversion unit converts the first band into electrical energy output; the photothermal conversion unit converts the second band into thermal energy output. The photothermal conversion unit and the photoelectric conversion unit work together to pyrolyze biomass materials.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity driven biomass pyrolysis device of the present invention: the photothermal conversion unit is provided with a preheating section, a main pyrolysis section and a catalytic regulation section in sequence along the axial direction; In this process, biomass materials can enter the photothermal conversion unit and be pyrolyzed.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to the present invention: the solar concentrating unit includes a parabolic trough concentrator, which is disposed on a supporting member; Both the photothermal conversion unit and the photoelectric conversion unit are mounted on the supporting member.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity as described in this invention: the photothermal conversion unit is a tubular component, and the photothermal conversion unit adopts a coaxial composite structure; The photoelectric conversion unit is a photovoltaic cell component.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the biomass pyrolysis device powered by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity as described in this invention: the photothermal conversion unit is provided with an electric heating auxiliary layer.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity of the present invention: the parabolic concentrator can receive sunlight and form concentrated reflected light, and the spectral frequency division unit separates the concentrated reflected light into short-wave light and long-wave light. The parabolic condenser lens is arranged in parallel with the spectral frequency division unit.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity as described in this invention: the photoelectric conversion unit receives short-wave light and converts it into electrical energy to supply power to the electric heating auxiliary layer; The photothermal conversion unit receives long-wavelength light and converts it into thermal energy for the pyrolysis of biomass.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the biomass pyrolysis device powered by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity as described in this invention: a catalyst bed module is provided in the catalytic regulation section, and the catalyst bed module is a detachable structure.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity as described in this invention: the parabolic trough concentrator is rotatably connected to the supporting member, and the parabolic trough concentrator can adjust its angle according to sunlight.

[0015] A biomass pyrolysis method driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity includes the above-mentioned dilution sampling device, comprising: Solar energy is concentrated and then divided into two bands: a first band of light energy suitable for photoelectric conversion and a second band of light energy suitable for photothermal conversion. The first-wavelength light energy is converted into electrical energy, which is used to power the auxiliary heat source for biomass pyrolysis. The second-band light energy is converted into heat energy, which serves as the main heat source for biomass pyrolysis. Biomass is pyrolyzed under the combined heating of the main heat source and the auxiliary heat source, and the stable operation of the pyrolysis process is achieved through closed-loop temperature control and catalytic regulation. The products of biomass pyrolysis are fractionated, separated, and collected. The product composition and yield are directionally controlled through temperature regulation and catalytic matching.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by separating solar radiation into short-wavelength light and long-wavelength light and directing them to photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal heating paths respectively, the cascaded and efficient utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy is realized, which greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency per unit area. The electric heating auxiliary layer is driven by green electricity generated by photovoltaics and is combined with an axial multi-point temperature closed-loop control system, which effectively solves the problem of unstable reaction temperature caused by solar irradiation fluctuations and ensures continuous steady-state operation of the pyrolysis process within the set temperature window. In addition, the three-stage structure of preheating, main pyrolysis and catalytic regulation arranged along the axial direction of the inner tube of the reaction, together with the replaceable catalyst bed module, allows the operator to flexibly intervene in the pyrolysis reaction path and the degree of secondary reaction by adjusting the temperature setpoint and changing the type of catalyst, thereby precisely and directionally controlling the yield ratio and chemical composition of bio-oil, combustible gas and biochar. Using solar thermal energy as the main heat source and photovoltaic green electricity as an auxiliary energy source significantly reduces the pyrolysis process's dependence on fossil fuels and conventional electricity, thereby improving the greenness of the process and its feasibility. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Wherein: Figure 1 A front view of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A side view of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A front view of the support frame in the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity of the present invention is shown. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rotating shaft in the biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity of the present invention is shown. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the photothermal conversion unit in a biomass pyrolysis device powered by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity is shown. Figure 7 It shows Figure 6 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the photothermal conversion unit; Figure 8 It shows Figure 6 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the photothermal conversion unit; Figure 9 It shows Figure 6 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the photothermal conversion unit; Figure 10 A flowchart of the biomass pyrolysis method driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0019] The terminology used in this invention is that which is currently widely used in the art in consideration of the function of the invention; however, these terms may vary according to the intent of those skilled in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Furthermore, specific terms may be chosen by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the invention. Therefore, the terms used in this specification should not be construed as simple names, but rather based on their meanings and the overall description of the invention.

[0020] Reference Figures 1-9 This embodiment provides a biomass pyrolysis device powered by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity, comprising, It includes a solar concentrator 1, and a spectral frequency division unit 2 is provided on the emission path of the solar concentrator 1. The spectral frequency division unit 2 separates the light energy into a first band and a second band. The output path of the spectral frequency division unit 2 is equipped with a photoelectric conversion unit 3 and a photothermal conversion unit 4. Photoelectric conversion unit 3 converts the first band into electrical energy output; photothermal conversion unit 4 converts the second band into thermal energy output. Among them, the photothermal conversion unit 4 and the photoelectric conversion unit 3 work together to pyrolyze biomass materials.

[0021] The solar concentrator 1 receives sunlight and forms concentrated reflected light. A spectral frequency division unit 2 is installed along the output path of the solar concentrator 1. This unit utilizes optical coating technology to separate the concentrated full-spectrum radiation into a first band and a second band. A photoelectric conversion unit 3 is installed along the output path of the spectral frequency division unit 2, corresponding to the reflected light path, to convert the first band into DC power output. A photothermal conversion unit 4 is installed along its refracted light path to convert the second band into high-temperature heat energy. This structure achieves physical integration and energy synergy between photoelectric conversion and photothermal conversion on the same support 122, jointly driving the pyrolysis reaction of biomass materials.

[0022] Specifically, the photothermal conversion unit 4 is provided with a preheating section, a main pyrolysis section, and a catalytic regulation section along the axial direction; wherein, biomass materials can enter the interior of the photothermal conversion unit 4 to be pyrolyzed; Biomass feedstock enters the screw feeder from the feedstock silo, and after being conveyed in a sealed manner, it enters the upstream of the reaction inner tube 46 of the pyrolysis collector tube. First, it enters the preheating section, where external moisture in the feedstock is removed and preheated to the pyrolysis initiation temperature by utilizing the transferred radiant and conductive heat. Then, it enters the main pyrolysis section, where violent thermal decomposition occurs at the target temperature, generating a primary product mixture containing solid carbon, condensable volatiles, and non-condensable gases. Finally, this mixture flows into the catalytic regulation section, where the composition of the primary pyrolysis vapor is further regulated through the selective cracking, deoxygenation, or aromatization of the catalyst.

[0023] The biomass material flows completely into the photothermal conversion unit 4 and is pyrolyzed throughout the process in a sealed, oxygen-free or micro-oxygen environment. During operation, the material flows sequentially through the three functional areas mentioned above. As the material moves within the tube, it gradually transforms from a solid raw material into pyrolysis products, ultimately achieving complete pyrolysis.

[0024] Specifically, the solar concentrating unit 1 includes a parabolic trough concentrator 11, which is mounted on the supporting member 12; wherein, the photothermal conversion unit 4 and the photoelectric conversion unit 3 are both mounted on the supporting member 12.

[0025] The supporting component 12 includes a mirror back plate 121 fixed on the parabolic condenser 11 and a bracket 122 fixed on the ground. The parabolic condenser 11 is fixed on the bracket 122. There are two sets of brackets 122, and the two sets of brackets 122 have different heights, so that the parabolic condenser 11 can be in an inclined state after installation, so as to better correspond to the direction of sunlight. The support member 12 also includes multiple sets of support frames 124. The photothermal conversion unit 4 and the photoelectric conversion unit 3 are both set on the support frame 124. By setting the photothermal conversion unit 4 and the photoelectric conversion unit 3 together on the support frame 124, it is ensured that the first band light and the second band light after frequency division can be accurately and stably incident on the photothermal conversion unit 4 and the photoelectric conversion unit 3 respectively. Specifically, the parabolic condenser 11 can receive sunlight and form concentrated reflected light, and the spectral frequency division unit 2 separates the concentrated reflected light into short-wavelength light and long-wavelength light; wherein, the parabolic condenser 11 and the spectral frequency division unit 2 are arranged in a parallel state. In this embodiment, the spectral frequency division unit 2 is actually a frequency division film assembly, which is fixedly mounted on the support frame 124. In operation, sunlight is incident on the parabolic condenser 11, and after reflection and focusing, forms a high-magnification focused reflective light band. This focused reflective light illuminates the spectral frequency division unit 2, which is positioned at the post-concentration optical path. The spectral frequency division unit 2 utilizes its specific optical coating cutoff wavelength to separate the focused reflective light into two bands: a first band of short-wavelength light (300-1100 nm), suitable for photovoltaic excitation, and a second band of long-wavelength light (>1100 nm), suitable for thermal heating. To ensure uniform coverage of the frequency division film surface and achieve efficient wavefront separation, the focal region of the parabolic condenser 11 and the film plane of the spectral frequency division unit 2 are arranged parallel in space. This parallel arrangement facilitates the regular reflection of short-wavelength light to the side photoelectric conversion unit 3, while allowing long-wavelength light to be transmitted to the rear photothermal conversion unit 4, avoiding cross-interference of the optical paths.

[0026] Furthermore, the specific structure of the frequency division diaphragm assembly includes a frequency division diaphragm, a diaphragm fixing frame, an angle adjustment seat, and a diaphragm protective cover. The frequency division diaphragm is fixed in the diaphragm fixing frame by a pressure strip or clamping frame. The diaphragm fixing frame is connected to the angle adjustment seat, which is then fixedly connected to the support frame 124. The angle adjustment seat can adopt a rotating hinge and locking bolt, a sliding groove and locking bolt, or a universal adjustment seat structure to adjust the incident angle of the frequency division diaphragm to the design angle during assembly, thereby achieving fine-tuning of the angle. To protect the frequency division diaphragm, a transparent protective cover is provided on its outer side, and the protective cover is connected to the diaphragm fixing frame by screws. A direct rigid connection is not required between the frequency division diaphragm assembly and the grooved parabolic condenser lens 11, but the two are fixed together on the same bracket 122, so that the concentrated reflected light is stably incident on the surface of the frequency division diaphragm, thereby ensuring the optical path alignment.

[0027] Specifically, the photothermal conversion unit 4 is a tubular component, and the photothermal conversion unit 4 adopts a coaxial composite structure; the photoelectric conversion unit 3 is a photovoltaic cell component; In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion unit 4 is actually a pyrolysis heat collection tube. The pyrolysis heat collection tube and the frequency division film assembly achieve energy coupling through an optical path. They do not need to be rigidly connected to each other, but it is preferable that they are both fixed on the same bracket 122 to ensure that the long-wavelength beam is stably incident on the light-receiving side of the metal heat absorption tube 45.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pyrolysis heat collection tube is fixed to the focal line position of the support frame 124 by end fixing parts and clamps to ensure that it is located on the long-wave output optical path of the frequency division film assembly; the photothermal conversion unit 4 is not a single constant temperature reactor, but a tubular reactor with functional partitions along the axial direction; the axis of the photothermal conversion unit 4 forms a certain angle with the horizontal plane to facilitate material movement and gravity slag discharge.

[0029] Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion unit 3 is actually a photovoltaic cell component. The photovoltaic cell module and the frequency division film module achieve energy coupling through the optical path, without the need for a rigid optical connection. However, in mechanical installation, it is preferable to share the same support frame 124 or connect to the frequency division film module installation area through a connecting beam, thereby forming an integrated assembly and ensuring relative positional stability.

[0030] The photovoltaic (PV) cell components specifically include PV panels, a heat dissipation backplate, a mounting frame, and an electrical junction box. The PV panels are fixed to the mounting support frame 124 by bolts or clamps. The PV module can be set at a certain tilt angle and finely adjusted by an angle adjustment mechanism to adapt to the incident direction of short-wavelength light, ensuring that the short-wavelength beam is incident within the effective area. The electrical output terminals of the PV module are connected to the power distribution control unit via wires. The wires can be fixed to the bracket 122 by wire troughs or corrugated pipes for wiring protection.

[0031] Specifically, the photothermal conversion unit 4 is provided with an electric heating auxiliary layer 41; the electric heating auxiliary layer 41 is provided on the backlight surface of the metal heat absorber tube 45 outside the photothermal conversion unit 4. The electric heating auxiliary layer 41 is used to complement the main photothermal heat source.

[0032] Specifically, photoelectric conversion unit 3 receives short-wavelength light and converts it into electrical energy to supply power to the electric heating auxiliary layer 41; photothermal conversion unit 4 receives long-wavelength light and converts it into thermal energy for biomass pyrolysis. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic panel of the photoelectric conversion unit 3 faces the short-wave reflective surface of the frequency division film module to receive the separated short-wave light. The photoelectric conversion unit 3 directly converts the light energy into DC power. After the power distribution control unit distributes the power, it prioritizes the power demand of the electric heating auxiliary layer 41, and the surplus power is used to drive auxiliary equipment such as motors, control cabinets, data acquisition devices, and screw feeders. This realizes an integrated device that combines solar heating and green electricity.

[0033] The photothermal conversion unit 4 adopts a coaxial composite structure, which includes, from the outside to the inside along the radial direction: an outer transparent sleeve 42, a vacuum layer 43, a metal heat absorber tube 45, and an inner reaction tube 46. A vacuum layer 43 is formed between the outer transparent sleeve 42 and the metal heat absorber tube 45, and a heat-insulating support 44 is provided between the two to ensure the structural stability of the two and reduce convective heat transfer and external heat loss. This structure can effectively suppress convective and radiative heat loss. The outer surface of the metal heat absorber tube 45 is coated with a selective absorption coating, and the outer transparent sleeve 42 is made of a high-temperature resistant transparent material. The metal heat absorber tube 45 is located inside the vacuum layer 43, and its outer surface is provided with a selective absorption coating to improve the absorption of concentrated light energy and reduce radiative heat loss. The inner reaction tube 46 is coaxially arranged inside the metal heat absorber tube 45, and a heat-conducting medium layer 47 is formed between the inner reaction tube 46 and the metal heat absorber tube 45. The heat-conducting medium layer 47 can be filled with one or more combinations of inert gas or heat-conducting medium to transfer the heat absorbed by the metal heat absorber tube 45 to the inner reaction tube 46, ensuring that the heat energy converted from long-wave light is efficiently and uniformly transferred to the biomass raw material in the inner reaction tube 46. Meanwhile, the metal heat-absorbing tube 45 of the photothermal conversion unit 4 is located on the transmission and converging band of long-wave light. The selective absorption coating on its surface efficiently absorbs long-wave light and converts it into high-temperature heat energy, which is conducted to the inner reaction tube 46 through the thermal conductive layer, serving as the main heat source for the biomass pyrolysis reaction. This division of labor realizes a cascade utilization mode of "short-wave power generation regulation and long-wave heat supply reaction" for the full spectrum of solar energy.

[0034] After the pyrolysis product mixture is discharged from the tail end of the inner reaction tube 46, it is connected to a gas-solid separator via a pipeline. The solid phase outlet of the gas-solid separator is connected to the biochar collection bin, and the gas phase outlet is connected sequentially to the primary condenser and the secondary condenser. The condensate flows into the bio-oil collection tank, and the uncondensed gas enters the combustible gas storage tank. The above connections can be made by flange connections, threaded connections, or clamp connections, and the sealing method can be metal gaskets or high-temperature resistant sealing rings.

[0035] Specifically, at the end of the internal heating reaction tube, a catalyst bed module 48 is provided in the catalytic control section. The catalyst bed module 48 is a detachable structure. In order to achieve precise control of pyrolysis products, a catalyst bed module 48 is provided in the catalytic control section. This module is a detachable structure, specifically in the form of a cylindrical, box-type, or drawer-type catalyst box set inside the reaction inner tube 46.

[0036] The outer wall of the catalyst box is a porous mesh cylinder or porous plate structure, and the interior is filled with catalyst particles with specific functions. It adopts a detachable design, which allows operators to easily replace the catalyst bed module 48 as a whole from the end of the inner reaction tube 46 or the reserved interface according to the needs of the target product, without disassembling the entire pyrolysis heat collection tube, which greatly improves the engineering applicability of the device and the flexibility of product control.

[0037] In some embodiments, the catalyst is selected from zeolite catalysts, metal or metal oxide supported catalysts, basic catalysts, alkaline earth metal compounds, mineral additives, or combinations thereof. Specifically, when it is necessary to increase the yield of combustible gas or improve the gas composition, metal or metal oxide catalysts or their composite catalysts can be selected; when it is necessary to crack bio-oil, reduce heavy components, or adjust the proportion of aromatics and oxygen-containing compounds, zeolite or acidic catalysts can be selected; when it is necessary to control the alkalinity, ash form, or fix the carbon structure of char, basic or mineral additive catalysts can be selected. Through the synergistic effect of temperature setting and catalyst replacement, the yield ratio and composition characteristics of bio-oil, combustible gas, and biochar can be controllably adjusted.

[0038] Furthermore, the parabolic condenser 11 is rotatably connected to the support member 12, and the parabolic condenser 11 can adjust its angle according to the sunlight. In this embodiment, in order to improve the solar energy capture efficiency throughout the day, the parabolic trough concentrator 11 and the support 122 are connected by a rotation.

[0039] Specifically, both sets of brackets 122 are fixed with a rotating shaft 123 at the top. Both ends of the parabolic condenser lens 11 are connected to the rotating shaft 123, so that the parabolic condenser lens 11 can rotate on the bracket 122. The rotating shaft 123 is connected to the tracking drive motor through a coupling and a transmission mechanism.

[0040] In this embodiment, the tracking drive motor can be connected to the rotating shaft 123 via any of the components of a coupling, gear rack, or worm gear transmission mechanism to drive the slotted parabolic condenser lens 11 to rotate around the rotating shaft.

[0041] Specifically, the photoelectric sensor signal built into the control cabinet drives the tracking drive motor, which in turn drives the parabolic trough concentrator 11 to rotate around its axis. This allows the concentrator to adjust its azimuth or elevation angle in real time according to changes in the incident angle of sunlight, ensuring that the reflected concentrated light spot always falls precisely on the light-receiving surface of the frequency division film module and the pyrolysis heat collection tube, thus guaranteeing the continuous stability of photovoltaic power generation efficiency and solar thermal power supply.

[0042] To achieve closed-loop temperature control, multiple sensor groups are installed along the temperature axis of the inner reaction tube 46, namely temperature measurement points T1, T2, and T3, corresponding to the preheating section, main pyrolysis section, and catalytic regulation section, respectively. The temperature signal is transmitted to a data acquisition unit and then sent to the control cabinet. The control cabinet adjusts the power of the electric heating auxiliary layer 41 accordingly and can simultaneously adjust the operating status of the tracking drive motor, screw feeder, and airlock discharge valve to achieve stable and adjustable reaction temperature. The control cabinet is connected to the data acquisition unit and to one or more of the electric heating auxiliary layer 41, tracking drive motor, screw feeder, and airlock discharge valve for adjusting power, operating status, and feeding / discharging actions.

[0043] like Figure 10 A biomass pyrolysis method driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity includes the above-mentioned dilution sampling device, comprising: Solar energy is concentrated and then divided into two wavelengths: a first wavelength suitable for photoelectric conversion and a second wavelength suitable for photothermal conversion. Sunlight is incident on a parabolic concentrator 11 and reflected to form concentrated reflected light. This concentrated reflected light then illuminates a frequency-dividing film assembly positioned in the optical path after concentration. The assembly separates the concentrated reflected light into short-wavelength light (wavelength between 300 and 1100 nm) and long-wavelength light (wavelength greater than 1100 nm). The first-wavelength light energy is converted into electrical energy, which powers the auxiliary heat source for biomass pyrolysis. Short-wavelength light is reflected or deflected by the frequency-dividing film module to the photovoltaic cell module, which converts the short-wavelength light into green electricity. The green electricity is then supplied to one or more of the following components via the power distribution control unit: the electric heating auxiliary layer 41, the control cabinet, the data acquisition unit, the temperature sensor group, the tracking drive motor, the screw feeder, and the airlock discharge valve. Long-wavelength light is transmitted or refracted to the pyrolysis heat collection tube, providing photothermal heating to the metal heat absorption tube 45 of the pyrolysis heat collection tube, serving as the main heat source for the pyrolysis reaction. The second-band light energy is converted into heat energy, which serves as the main heat source for biomass pyrolysis. Biomass feedstock enters the reaction inner tube 46 of the pyrolysis collector tube and undergoes pyrolysis under conditions of photothermal heating and supplementary heating from an electric heating auxiliary layer 41. The axial multi-point temperature of the reaction inner tube 46 is controlled in a closed-loop manner by a control cabinet, and the pyrolysis reaction path is selectively adjusted by a catalyst bed module 48 within the reaction inner tube 46. Specifically, the temperature closed-loop control is achieved through axial multi-point temperature measurement by a temperature sensor group, data acquisition by a data logger, and power adjustment signals output from the control cabinet. The electric heating auxiliary layer 41 is used for starting the heating process, maintaining the target temperature, and supplementary heating under fluctuating solar irradiance conditions. Biomass is pyrolyzed under the combined heating of a main heat source and an auxiliary heat source. Stable operation of the pyrolysis process is achieved through closed-loop temperature control and catalytic regulation. The pyrolysis product mixture is discharged from the tail end of the inner reactor tube 46 and enters a gas-solid separator for separation. The solid product enters the biochar collection bin. The gas or steam component after gas-solid separation enters a condenser for staged condensation separation. The condensate is collected as bio-oil, and the uncondensed component is collected as combustible gas. The condenser can be a two-stage or multi-stage condensation structure to achieve staged condensation and component regulation of the oil.

[0044] The products of biomass pyrolysis are fractionated, separated, and collected. Product composition and yield are directionally controlled through temperature regulation and catalytic matching. By adjusting the temperature setpoint of the reaction inner tube 46 and replacing different types of catalysts, the yield ratios of bio-oil, combustible gas, and biochar, as well as the light and heavy components of the oil and the gas composition, can be regulated. The control cabinet can operate the reaction inner tube 46 within different temperature setpoint ranges, and the reaction path and degree of secondary reaction can be altered by changing the type of catalyst in the catalyst bed module 48.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the methods and devices described in detail above are merely embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis device powered by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity, characterized in that: include, It includes a solar concentrator (1), and a spectral frequency division unit (2) is provided on the emission path of the solar concentrator (1). The spectral frequency division unit (2) separates the light energy into a first band and a second band. The output path of the spectral frequency division unit (2) is provided with a photoelectric conversion unit (3) and a photothermal conversion unit (4). The photoelectric conversion unit (3) converts the first band into electrical energy output; the photothermal conversion unit (4) converts the second band into thermal energy output; The photothermal conversion unit (4) and the photoelectric conversion unit (3) work together to pyrolyze biomass materials.

2. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photothermal conversion unit (4) is provided with a preheating section, a main pyrolysis section and a catalytic regulation section in sequence along the axial direction; Among them, biomass materials can enter the photothermal conversion unit (4) to be pyrolyzed.

3. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solar concentrating unit (1) includes a parabolic trough concentrator (11), which is mounted on a supporting member (12). The photothermal conversion unit (4) and the photoelectric conversion unit (3) are both located on the support member (12).

4. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photothermal conversion unit (4) is a tubular component, and the photothermal conversion unit (4) adopts a coaxial composite structure; The photoelectric conversion unit (3) is a photovoltaic cell component.

5. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photothermal conversion unit (4) is provided with an electric heating auxiliary layer (41).

6. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 5, characterized in that: The parabolic condenser (11) can receive sunlight and form concentrated reflected light, and the spectral frequency division unit (2) separates the concentrated reflected light into short-wavelength light and long-wavelength light. The grooved parabolic condenser (11) and the spectral frequency division unit (2) are arranged in parallel.

7. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 6, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion unit (3) receives short-wave light and converts it into electrical energy to supply power to the electric heating auxiliary layer (41); The photothermal conversion unit (4) receives long-wavelength light and converts it into thermal energy for the pyrolysis of biomass.

8. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 7, characterized in that: The catalytic regulation section is provided with a catalyst bed module (48), which is a detachable structure.

9. The biomass pyrolysis device driven by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity according to claim 7, characterized in that: The parabolic condenser (11) is rotatably connected to the support member (12), and the parabolic condenser (11) can adjust its angle according to the sunlight.

10. A method for biomass pyrolysis powered by solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity, comprising the biomass pyrolysis apparatus for solar heating and photovoltaic green electricity as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Solar energy is concentrated and then divided into two bands of light energy, one suitable for photoelectric conversion and the other suitable for photothermal conversion. The first-wavelength light energy is converted into electrical energy, which is used to power the auxiliary heat source for biomass pyrolysis. The second-band light energy is converted into heat energy, which serves as the main heat source for biomass pyrolysis. Biomass is pyrolyzed under the combined heating of the main heat source and the auxiliary heat source, and the stable operation of the pyrolysis process is achieved through closed-loop temperature control and catalytic regulation. The products of biomass pyrolysis are fractionated, separated, and collected. The product composition and yield are directionally controlled through temperature regulation and catalytic matching.

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