Full-scale modular intelligent mine arch support dynamic-static combined loading test device and method
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG YANXIN MINING MATEIRAL PROCESSING CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing mining arch test equipment has shortcomings in terms of load-bearing capacity, simulation realism, loading control methods, equipment integration and flexibility. It cannot effectively simulate high-energy impact loads and complex geostress environments, and lacks intelligence and real-time data acquisition, resulting in poor experimental repeatability and low data reliability.
It adopts a modular reaction frame system, a multi-dimensional programmable loading system, an intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system, and an environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system to achieve high-energy dynamic and static combined loading. It integrates intelligent control and environmental simulation, has good modularity and scalability, and improves the test accuracy and flexibility through modular design and intelligent control system. It is equipped with an anti-rebound locking device and a kinetic energy recovery system.
It has achieved high-precision simulation of mining arch frames under complex ground stress and dynamic load coupling, improved the repeatability of the test and the reliability of the data, reduced the influence of human factors, enhanced the adaptability and safety of the device, achieved energy-saving operation, and provided a basis for mine roadway support design.
Smart Images
Figure CN122108555A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of performance testing technology for mine support equipment, specifically relating to a full-scale modular intelligent mine arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device and method. Background Technology
[0002] Mining arch supports are key support components for ensuring the safety and stability of mine roadways. As mining depth increases, the surrounding rock in roadways is often under high ground stress and frequently subjected to strong dynamic load disturbances such as rock bursts and roof collapses. Therefore, a reasonable assessment of the bearing capacity, deformation characteristics, and failure modes of the arch supports under combined dynamic and static loads is of great significance for optimizing support design and preventing disasters.
[0003] Currently, experimental research on mining arch frames faces several limitations: First, the load-bearing capacity and simulation realism of the devices are insufficient. Existing experimental devices mostly employ ground-fixed reaction pits or simple reaction frame structures, with limited stiffness in the reaction system, making them unable to withstand high-energy (e.g., above 500kJ) impact loads. The impact methods are mostly low-energy spring hammers or pendulum hammers, failing to realistically simulate actual high-energy impact events in coal mines. Furthermore, the devices generally lack simulation capabilities for surrounding rock constraint effects and roadway environments (such as groundwater and geothermal temperature), resulting in experimental boundary conditions that differ significantly from actual engineering conditions. Second, the loading control methods are outdated. The degree of automation and intelligence in the experimental process is low; loading paths and load magnitudes largely rely on manual pre-setting and operation, making dynamic adjustments based on the real-time response of the arch frame impossible. Data acquisition is mostly static or low-frequency, making it difficult to capture the millimeter-level dynamic response at the moment of impact, leading to poor experimental repeatability and low data reliability. Finally, the equipment integration and flexibility are poor. Traditional devices are bulky, often integrally welded or fixedly installed, making them difficult to transport to the site or flexibly adjust according to specimen dimensions. It has limited functionality and cannot quickly switch and combine multiple types of loads (such as static, impact, and blasting simulation) and multi-dimensional (top and side) loading.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a full-scale arch frame integrated test device and method that can realize high-energy dynamic and static combined loading, integrate intelligent control and environmental simulation, and has good modularity and scalability. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device, including a modular reaction frame system, a multi-dimensional programmable loading system, an intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system, and an environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system; The modular reaction frame system includes a load-bearing frame that is detachably connected by high-strength connectors; the bottom of the load-bearing frame is provided with an anchoring system that is anchored to the foundation. A multi-dimensional programmable loading system is installed on the load-bearing frame and is used to apply multi-dimensional loads, including at least static loads and dynamic impact loads, to the mining arch specimen placed in the load-bearing frame. The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system is connected to the multi-dimensional programmable loading system and the mine arch frame test piece signal. It is used to collect test data in real time during the loading process and generate control commands according to the preset control strategy to adjust the loading process of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system. An environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system is connected to a modular reaction frame system and a mining arch specimen to simulate the surrounding rock constraints and roadway physical environment of the mining arch specimen.
[0006] Furthermore, the load-bearing frame is a portal frame composed of several standardized unit modules made of high-strength alloy steel connected together; The anchoring system includes an adjustable support located at the bottom of the load-bearing frame and anchor bolts that cooperate with the adjustable support; Longitudinal guide rails are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the load-bearing frame.
[0007] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional programmable loading system includes a top loading unit and a side loading unit; The top loading unit includes at least one static loading cylinder and at least one detachable impact actuator; the static loading cylinder is fixed to the top crossbeam of the load-bearing frame, and the piston rod end of the static loading cylinder is provided with a universal hinge seat; the impact actuator includes a counterweight hammer, a guide column for the counterweight hammer to fall, and a lifting mechanism for lifting the counterweight hammer. The lateral loading unit includes several independently controlled electro-hydraulic servo cylinders; each set of electro-hydraulic servo cylinders is mounted on a base, which can slide along the longitudinal guide rail, and the lead screw driven by the servo motor achieves precise positioning along the longitudinal guide rail.
[0008] Furthermore, the intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system includes a sensor network, a data acquisition device, and a controller; The sensor network includes strain sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, force sensors, and acoustic emission sensors arranged at predetermined locations on the mining arch specimen and the load-bearing frame. The data acquisition unit is connected to the sensor network signal and is used to receive and process signals from various sensors; The controller is connected to the data acquisition instrument and the multidimensional programmable loading system respectively. It is used to run the control algorithm and generate control commands based on the real-time data provided by the data acquisition instrument, so as to perform real-time closed-loop feedback control on the loading process of the multidimensional programmable loading system.
[0009] Furthermore, the environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system includes a surrounding rock simulation module and a safety and energy-saving module; The surrounding rock simulation module includes a template frame that can be detachably installed around the mining arch specimen. The template frame is used to fill the surrounding rock with a material similar to the surrounding rock and is pre-embedded with a pressure sensor and a humidity sensor. The safety and energy-saving module includes an anti-rebound locking device and a kinetic energy recovery system; The anti-rebound locking device is installed on the impact actuator of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system and is used to lock the counterweight hammer after the impact occurs. The kinetic energy recovery system is connected to the lifting mechanism of the impact actuator and is used to convert part of the potential energy of the counterweight hammer into electrical energy for storage.
[0010] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a method for dynamic and static combined loading test of a mining arch frame using the device described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: S1. Assemble the load-bearing frame of the modular reaction frame system according to the specifications of the mining arch specimen and complete the anchoring. Install and fix the mining arch specimen, install and calibrate the sensor network, and input the test parameters into the controller. S2. The lateral loading unit of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system applies a preset static load to the mining arch specimen to simulate the initial geostress field. If the surrounding rock simulation module is enabled, the preset confining pressure is established and maintained simultaneously. S3. While maintaining the static load, the impact actuator of the top loading unit is controlled to apply a dynamic impact load to the mine arch specimen; at the same time, the intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system collects the dynamic response data of the mine arch specimen in real time according to the sensor network, and adjusts the loading parameters of the lateral loading unit in real time through the adaptive control algorithm. S4. The test data is collected and recorded synchronously throughout the entire process, and the status of the test specimen is continuously monitored after the impact. After the test, the controller executes the safety unloading procedure and generates a test report.
[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S1 are as follows: S11. Based on the span of the mining arch test specimen, select the appropriate number of standardized unit modules, assemble them on-site using high-strength connectors into a portal-type load-bearing frame, and use an anchoring system to anchor the load-bearing frame to the foundation. S12. Hoist the mining arch specimen to the central area of the load-bearing frame and constrain the bottom boundary conditions of the mining arch specimen; S13. Strain sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, force sensors and acoustic emission sensors are arranged on the surface of the mining arch frame specimen and at predetermined locations on the load-bearing frame to form a sensor network, and all sensors are connected to a data acquisition instrument for system calibration and zero-point calibration. S14. If it is necessary to simulate the surrounding rock, install a template frame around the mining arch specimen, fill it with a material similar to the surrounding rock, and cure it to the specified strength. S15. Input test parameters to the controller through the human-machine interface. The test parameters include at least the target value of the static load and the preset dynamic impact energy. Loading position coordinates and the gain coefficient of the control algorithm.
[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S2 are as follows: S21. The controller controls the servo motor of the lateral loading unit to drive the base to move along the longitudinal guide rail to the specified position according to the input loading position coordinates; S22. The controller controls the electro-hydraulic servo cylinder of the lateral loading unit to apply radial static load to both sides of the mining arch specimen; S23. During the loading process, the data acquisition instrument collects the deformation and strain data of the mining arch specimen in real time and feeds it back to the controller. The controller runs an adaptive control algorithm to adjust the output of each electro-hydraulic servo cylinder according to the error between the feedback data and the target value, until a stable preset static stress field is formed. S24. If the surrounding rock simulation module is enabled, a preset constant confining pressure is applied to the surrounding rock-like material through the lateral loading unit and maintained at this stage.
[0013] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S3 are as follows: S31. After the static load stabilizes, the controller determines the dynamic impact energy based on a preset value. The control lifting mechanism raises the counterweight hammer to the target height h:
[0014] Where m is the mass of the counterweight, and g is the acceleration due to gravity; S32. Release the counterweight hammer, allowing it to fall along the guide column and apply a dynamic impact load to the mining arch specimen through the top loading unit; S33. At the moment of impact and in the subsequent process, the sensor network collects the dynamic response data of the mining arch specimen at a sampling frequency higher than the preset threshold, and transmits the dynamic response data to the controller in real time through the data acquisition instrument; S34. The controller calculates the structural status index in real time based on the dynamic response data. If the structural status index exceeds the preset threshold, the controller adjusts the load-bearing pressure of the lateral loading unit through the adaptive control algorithm, or triggers the preset next impact program. The adaptive control algorithm is a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, and its control quantity is... Calculated by the following formula:
[0015] in, The error between the loaded target parameter at time t and the corresponding measured value of the sensor is denoted as t. The loaded target parameter includes force, displacement, or impact energy. , , These are the preset proportional gain coefficient, integral gain coefficient, and differential gain coefficient, respectively.
[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S4 are as follows: S41. From the start to the end of the experiment, the data acquisition instrument synchronously and continuously records the data from all sensors; S42. After the dynamic impact load is applied, the system enters a monitoring period of a preset duration to continuously record the residual deformation, acoustic emission signal and bearing capacity changes of the mining arch specimen; S43. After the test, the controller controls the multi-dimensional programmable loading system to execute a safe unloading sequence: First, gradually remove the lateral static load, then release the confining pressure, and finally lower the top mechanism; During this process, the kinetic energy recovery system works to recover part of the potential energy generated when the counterweight falls. Energy recovered by the kinetic energy recovery system Estimated by the following formula:
[0017] in, is the overall energy conversion efficiency of the kinetic energy recovery system; m is the mass of the counterweight. It is the acceleration due to gravity; The effective height of the counterweight drop hammer; S44. The controller's data processing module automatically generates a test report based on the recorded test data. The test report includes load-displacement curves, dynamic impact waveforms, strain spatiotemporal distribution diagrams, and key performance indicators, including peak load capacity, total energy absorption, and failure mode.
[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, this application has the following advantages: The full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device and method provided in this application, through the synergistic effect of a modular reaction frame system, a multi-dimensional programmable loading system, an intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system, and an environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system, can highly simulate the real working conditions of mining arch frames under complex ground stress and dynamic load coupling in mine roadways, providing a realistic test environment for studying the mechanical properties of arch frames. The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system collects test data in real time and dynamically adjusts according to preset control strategies, improving the accuracy and repeatability of the test and reducing the influence of human factors on the test results. The modular design allows the device to be quickly adjusted and assembled according to different test requirements, adapting to mining arch frame specimens of different specifications and various test conditions, exhibiting good scalability and versatility. Equipped with an anti-rebound locking device and a kinetic energy recovery system, it effectively recovers some potential energy during the impact process while ensuring test safety, achieving energy-saving operation and reducing test costs. It enables a comprehensive evaluation of the bearing capacity, deformation characteristics, and failure modes of mining arch frames under dynamic and static combined loading, providing a basis for optimizing mine roadway support design and safety assessment, and preventing mine disasters. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the top loading unit structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the lateral loading unit and guide rail cooperation structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the surrounding rock simulation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the kinetic energy recovery system provided for an embodiment of the present invention.
[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device of the present invention.
[0026] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test method of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific process of the dynamic and static combined loading test of the full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame of the present invention.
[0028] Among them, 1- Modular reaction frame system; 2- Multi-dimensional programmable loading system; 3- Intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system; 4- Environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system; 5- Mining arch frame specimen; 11- Standardized unit module; 12- High-strength connector; 13- Anchoring system; 14- Longitudinal guide rail; 15- Adjustable support; 21- Top loading unit; 22- Lateral loading unit; 211- Static loading cylinder; 212- Impact actuator; 213- Universal hinge 214-Guide column; 215-Counterweight drop hammer; 216-Lifting mechanism; 217-Force transmission pad; 221-Electro-hydraulic servo cylinder; 222-Base; 223-Screw; 31-Sensor network; 32-Data acquisition instrument; 33-Controller; 41-Surrounding rock simulation module; 42-Safety and energy-saving module; 411-Formwork frame; 412-Humidity sensor; 413-Pressure sensor; 421-Anti-rebound locking device; 422-Kinematic energy recovery system. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The various embodiments of this disclosure will be described more fully in the following detailed description of the full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device. This disclosure may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of this disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather this disclosure should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure.
[0030] This embodiment provides a full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device, which highly simulates the real working conditions of mine roadways, improves test accuracy and reliability, enhances test flexibility, ensures test safety, and achieves energy-saving operation.
[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] Please see Figure 1The diagram shown is a schematic of a full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device in a specific embodiment. The device includes a modular reaction frame system 1, a multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2, an intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3, and an environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system 4. The modular reaction frame system 1 includes a load-bearing frame that is detachably connected by high-strength connectors 12; the bottom of the load-bearing frame is provided with an anchoring system 13 that is anchored to the foundation; The multidimensional programmable loading system 2 is installed on the load-bearing frame and is used to apply multidimensional loads, including at least static loads and dynamic impact loads, to the mining arch specimen 5 placed in the load-bearing frame. The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3 is connected to the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 and the mining arch frame specimen 5. It is used to collect test data in real time during the loading process and generate control commands according to the preset control strategy to adjust the loading process of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2. The environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system 4 is connected to the modular reaction frame system 1 and the mine arch specimen 5 to simulate the surrounding rock constraints and roadway physical environment of the mine arch specimen 5. It should be noted that the modular reaction frame system 1 is a portal frame constructed from standardized unit modules made of high-strength alloy steel, possessing high structural strength and stability, and capable of withstanding high-energy impact loads. Simultaneously, the adjustable supports and longitudinal guide rails allow the device to adapt to arch specimens of varying heights and spans, enhancing its versatility and flexibility. The modular design enables rapid assembly and disassembly of the load-bearing frame, facilitating transportation and on-site installation, thus improving the efficiency and convenience of the testing apparatus. The multidimensional programmable loading system 2 enables the application of multidimensional loads to the mine arch frame specimen, simulating the complex stress state of the arch frame in the roadway; the top impact actuator and the side electro-hydraulic servo cylinder work together to support the study of the mechanical properties of the arch frame under dynamic and static combined loading; it can apply loads to any lateral position of the arch frame, supporting non-uniform, multi-point synchronous or asynchronous loading, improving the accuracy and flexibility of the test. The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3 can collect various response data of the mining arch specimen and load-bearing frame in real time, including strain, displacement, acceleration, force and acoustic emission, providing rich data support for the precise control of the test process; it realizes the operation of adaptive control algorithm based on real-time data, and can dynamically adjust loading parameters according to real-time response data during the test process, ensuring dynamic adjustment and closed-loop feedback control of the loading process, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the test; The Environmental Coupling Simulation and Auxiliary System 4, through a detachable template frame and pre-embedded sensors, simulates the surrounding rock constraints and the physical environment of the tunnel; it can simulate the stress state and water content physical characteristics of the surrounding rock, providing important experimental conditions for studying the mechanical properties of the arch frame in complex environments. This embodiment highly simulates the complex working conditions of mine roadways, improving the accuracy and reliability of the test, and enhancing the flexibility and scalability of the test; it is equipped with an intelligent control system to achieve dynamic adjustment, ensure test safety and achieve energy-saving operation.
[0033] Furthermore, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation of the above embodiments, in order to fully illustrate the specific implementation process in this embodiment, another full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device is provided. The device includes a modular reaction frame system 1, a multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2, an intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3, and an environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system 4. The modular reaction frame system 1 includes a load-bearing frame that is detachably connected by high-strength connectors 12; the bottom of the load-bearing frame is provided with an anchoring system 13 that is anchored to the foundation; The multidimensional programmable loading system 2 is installed on the load-bearing frame and is used to apply multidimensional loads, including at least static loads and dynamic impact loads, to the mining arch specimen 5 placed in the load-bearing frame. The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3 is connected to the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 and the mining arch frame specimen 5. It is used to collect test data in real time during the loading process and generate control commands according to the preset control strategy to adjust the loading process of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2. The environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system 4 is connected to the modular reaction frame system 1 and the mine arch specimen 5 to simulate the surrounding rock constraints and roadway physical environment of the mine arch specimen 5. The load-bearing frame is a portal frame composed of several standardized unit modules 11 made of high-strength alloy steel connected together; The anchoring system 13 includes an adjustable support 15 disposed at the bottom of the load-bearing frame, and anchor bolts that cooperate with the adjustable support 15. Longitudinal guide rails 14 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the load-bearing frame; The multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 includes a top loading unit 21 and a side loading unit 22; The top loading unit 21 includes at least one static loading cylinder 211 and at least one detachable impact actuator 212; the static loading cylinder 211 is fixed to the top crossbeam of the load-bearing frame, and the piston rod end of the static loading cylinder 211 is provided with a universal hinge seat 213; the impact actuator 212 includes a counterweight hammer 215, a guide column 214 for the counterweight hammer 215 to fall, and a lifting mechanism 216 for lifting the counterweight hammer 215; like Figure 2 As shown, the impact actuator 212 specifically includes a vertically arranged guide column 214, and a counterweight hammer 215 is sleeved on the guide column 214 and can fall freely along it; the lifting mechanism 216 (such as a winch driven by a servo motor) is connected to the counterweight hammer 215 through a steel wire rope and is used to lift it to a preset height. When the impact occurs, the counterweight hammer 215 is released, and it accelerates down along the guide column 214, impacting the force transmission pad 217 at the top, thereby transferring the high-energy impact load to the piston rod of the static loading cylinder 211 and the specimen 5 below; The lateral loading unit 22 includes several independently controlled electro-hydraulic servo cylinders 221; each electro-hydraulic servo cylinder 221 is mounted on a base 222, the base 222 can slide along the longitudinal guide rail 14, and the lead screw 223 driven by the servo motor achieves precise positioning along the longitudinal guide rail 14. like Figure 3 As shown, the longitudinal guide rail 14 is symmetrically installed on the columns on both sides of the load-bearing frame; the base 222 cooperates with the longitudinal guide rail 14 through a slider to achieve smooth sliding along the longitudinal guide rail 14; the lead screw 223 and the nut on the base 222 form a lead screw and nut pair, which is driven by a servo motor, thereby realizing precise and programmable control of the position of the electro-hydraulic servo cylinder 221 in the vertical and / or horizontal directions to meet the requirements of loading at different heights and angles; The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3 includes a sensor network 31, a data acquisition unit 32, and a controller 33; The sensor network 31 includes strain sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, force sensors and acoustic emission sensors arranged at preset positions on the mining arch specimen 5 and the load-bearing frame. The data acquisition unit 32 is connected to the sensor network 31 and is used to receive and process signals from each sensor. The controller 33 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 32 and the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 respectively. It is used to run the control algorithm and generate control commands based on the real-time data provided by the data acquisition instrument 32, so as to perform real-time closed-loop feedback control on the loading process of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2. The environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system 4 includes a surrounding rock simulation module 41 and a safety and energy saving module 42; The surrounding rock simulation module 41 includes a template frame 411 that can be detachably installed around the mining arch specimen 5, such as... Figure 4As shown, the template frame 411 is a detachable box structure assembled from multiple steel plates, tightly surrounding the arch frame specimen 5; its internal cavity is used for pouring concrete, gypsum mixture, and other rock-like materials; before pouring, pressure sensors 413 and humidity sensors 412 are pre-embedded in the inner wall or specific positions of the template frame 411 to monitor the stress state and moisture content of the simulated surrounding rock in real time; the template frame 411 is used to fill the rock-like materials and is pre-embedded with pressure sensors 413 and humidity sensors 412. The safety and energy-saving module 42 includes an anti-rebound locking device 421 and a kinetic energy recovery system 422; The anti-rebound locking device 421 is installed on the impact actuator 212 of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 and is used to lock the counterweight hammer 215 after the impact occurs. The kinetic energy recovery system 422 is connected to the lifting mechanism 216 of the impact actuator 212 and is used to convert part of the potential energy of the counterweight hammer 215 when it falls into electrical energy for storage. like Figure 5 As shown, the kinetic energy recovery system 422 includes a clutch, a speed-increasing gearbox, and a generator connected to the drive shaft of the lifting mechanism 216. When the counterweight 215 falls, the clutch drives the generator rotor to rotate and generate electricity, which is stored in a battery or fed back to the power grid. The kinetic energy recovery system 422 recovers energy... Can be used according to the formula To make an estimate, among which For overall system efficiency.
[0034] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0035] like Figure 7 As shown, the following are embodiments of the dynamic and static combined loading test method for mine arch frames provided in this disclosure. This method and the dynamic and static combined loading test device for mine arch frames in the above embodiments belong to the same inventive concept. For details not described in detail in the embodiments of the dynamic and static combined loading test device for mine arch frames, please refer to the embodiments of the dynamic and static combined loading test method for mine arch frames described above.
[0036] The method includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the load-bearing frame of the modular reaction frame system 1 according to the specifications of the mining arch specimen 5 and complete the anchoring, install and fix the mining arch specimen 5, install and calibrate the sensor network 31, and input the test parameters into the controller 33. It should be noted that this step ensures the stability and adaptability of the experimental setup, providing a foundation for subsequent experiments. At the same time, by calibrating the sensor network and inputting experimental parameters, the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment are guaranteed. S2. Control the lateral loading unit 22 of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 to apply a preset static load to the mining arch specimen 5 to simulate the initial geostress field. If the surrounding rock simulation module 41 is enabled, the preset confining pressure is established and maintained simultaneously. It should be noted that this step simulates the initial stress state after tunnel excavation by precisely controlling the static load, providing stable initial conditions for dynamic and static combined loading. At the same time, the establishment of confining pressure further enhances the simulation realism of the test. S3. While maintaining the static load, the impact actuator 212 of the top loading unit 21 is controlled to apply a dynamic impact load to the mining arch specimen 5; at the same time, the intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3 collects the dynamic response data of the mining arch specimen 5 in real time according to the sensor network 31, and adjusts the loading parameters of the lateral loading unit 22 in real time through the adaptive control algorithm. It should be noted that this step realizes intelligent coupling of dynamic and static combined loading, which can adjust the loading parameters in real time according to the dynamic response of the specimen, simulate the real working conditions of the arch frame in the mine roadway under complex dynamic load, and provide technical support for the study of the dynamic performance of the arch frame. S4. The test data is collected and recorded synchronously throughout the entire process, and the status of the test specimen is continuously monitored after the impact; after the test, the controller 33 executes the safety unloading procedure and generates a test report; It should be noted that this step ensures the integrity and accuracy of the test data through full-process data acquisition, providing support for subsequent analysis; at the same time, the coordinated operation of the safety unloading procedure and the kinetic energy recovery system ensures safety after the test and achieves effective energy recovery, reducing test costs.
[0037] This embodiment highly simulates the complex working conditions of mine roadways, improving the accuracy and reliability of the test, and enhancing the flexibility and scalability of the test; it is equipped with an intelligent control system to realize dynamic adjustment and closed-loop feedback, ensuring test safety; the kinetic energy recovery system realizes energy-saving operation, reduces test costs, and provides a basis for mine support design.
[0038] Furthermore, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation methods of the above embodiments, and to fully illustrate the specific implementation process in this embodiment, another full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test method is provided, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the load-bearing frame of the modular reaction frame system 1 according to the specifications of the mining arch specimen 5 and complete the anchoring, install and fix the mining arch specimen 5, install and calibrate the sensor network 31, and input the test parameters into the controller 33. The specific steps of step S1 are as follows: S11. Based on the span of the mining arch test specimen 5, select the corresponding number of standardized unit modules 11, assemble them on-site using high-strength connectors 12 to form a portal-type load-bearing frame, and use an anchoring system 13 to anchor the load-bearing frame to the foundation. S12. Hoist the mining arch specimen 5 to the central area of the load-bearing frame and constrain the bottom boundary conditions of the mining arch specimen 5; Specifically, the base is constrained by a hinged support with a sliding bearing; S13. Strain sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, force sensors and acoustic emission sensors are arranged on the surface of the mining arch specimen 5 and at predetermined locations on the load-bearing frame to form a sensor network 31, and all sensors are connected to the data acquisition instrument 32 for system calibration and zero-point calibration. S14. If it is necessary to simulate the surrounding rock, install a template frame 411 around the outer perimeter of the mining arch specimen 5, fill it with a material similar to the surrounding rock, and cure it to the specified strength. S15. Input test parameters to the controller 33 through the human-machine interface. The test parameters include at least the target value of the static load and the preset dynamic impact energy. Loading position coordinates and gain coefficients of the control algorithm; S2. Control the lateral loading unit 22 of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 to apply a preset static load to the mining arch specimen 5 to simulate the initial geostress field. If the surrounding rock simulation module 41 is enabled, the preset confining pressure is established and maintained simultaneously. The specific steps of step S2 are as follows: S21. The controller 33 controls the servo motor of the lateral loading unit 22 to drive the base 222 to move along the longitudinal guide rail 14 to the specified position according to the input loading position coordinates; S22. The controller 33 controls the electro-hydraulic servo cylinder 221 of the lateral loading unit 22 to apply radial static load to both sides of the mining arch specimen 5; S23. During the loading process, the data acquisition instrument 32 collects the deformation and strain data of the mining arch specimen 5 in real time and feeds it back to the controller 33. The controller 33 runs an adaptive control algorithm to adjust the output of each electro-hydraulic servo cylinder 221 according to the error between the feedback data and the target value, until a stable preset static stress field is formed. S24. If the surrounding rock simulation module 41 is enabled, a preset constant confining pressure is applied to the surrounding rock similar material and maintained through the lateral loading unit 22 during this stage. It should be noted that a preset constant confining pressure can also be applied to and maintained on similar materials of surrounding rock through an independent pressure source; S3. While maintaining the static load, the impact actuator 212 of the top loading unit 21 is controlled to apply a dynamic impact load to the mining arch specimen 5; at the same time, the intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system 3 collects the dynamic response data of the mining arch specimen 5 in real time according to the sensor network 31, and adjusts the loading parameters of the lateral loading unit 22 in real time through the adaptive control algorithm. The specific steps of step S3 are as follows: S31. After the static load stabilizes, the controller 33 determines the dynamic impact energy based on the preset value. The control lifting mechanism 216 lifts the counterweight hammer 215 to the target height h.
[0039] Where m is the mass of the counterweight 215, and g is the acceleration due to gravity; S32. Release the counterweight hammer 215, so that the counterweight hammer 215 falls along the guide column 214 and applies a dynamic impact load to the mining arch specimen 5 through the top loading unit 21. S33. At the moment of impact and in the subsequent process, the sensor network 31 collects the dynamic response data of the mining arch specimen 5 at a sampling frequency higher than the preset threshold, and transmits the dynamic response data to the controller 33 in real time through the data acquisition instrument 32. S34. The controller 33 calculates the structural status index in real time based on the dynamic response data. If the structural status index exceeds the preset threshold, the controller adjusts the load-bearing pressure of the lateral loading unit 22 through the adaptive control algorithm, or triggers the preset next impact program. The adaptive control algorithm is a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, and its control quantity is... Calculated by the following formula:
[0040] in, The error between the loaded target parameter at time t and the corresponding measured value of the sensor is denoted as t. The loaded target parameter includes force, displacement, or impact energy. , , These are the preset proportional gain coefficient, integral gain coefficient, and derivative gain coefficient; S4. The test data is collected and recorded synchronously throughout the entire process, and the status of the test specimen is continuously monitored after the impact; after the test, the controller 33 executes the safety unloading procedure and generates a test report; The specific steps of step S4 are as follows: S41. From the start to the end of the experiment, the data acquisition instrument 32 synchronously and continuously records the data from all sensors; S42. After the dynamic impact load is applied, the system enters a monitoring period of a preset duration to continuously record the residual deformation, acoustic emission signal and bearing capacity changes of the mining arch specimen 5; S43. After the test, controller 33 controls the multi-dimensional programmable loading system 2 to execute the safe unloading sequence: First, gradually remove the lateral static load, then release the confining pressure, and finally lower the top mechanism; During this process, the kinetic energy recovery system 422 works to recover part of the potential energy generated when the counterweight hammer 215 falls. The energy recovered by the kinetic energy recovery system 422 Estimated by the following formula:
[0041] in, denoted as , where is the overall energy conversion efficiency of the kinetic energy recovery system 422; m is the mass of the counterweight 215; It is the acceleration due to gravity; The effective height of the counterweight drop hammer 215; S44. The data processing module of controller 33 automatically generates a test report based on the recorded test data. The test report includes load-displacement curves, dynamic impact waveforms, strain spatiotemporal distribution diagrams, and key performance indicators, including peak bearing capacity, total energy absorption, and failure mode.
[0042] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device, characterized in that, It includes a modular reaction force frame system (1), a multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2), an intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system (3), and an environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system (4). The modular reaction frame system (1) includes a load-bearing frame that is detachably connected by high-strength connectors (12); the bottom of the load-bearing frame is provided with an anchoring system (13) that is anchored to the foundation. The multidimensional programmable loading system (2) is installed on the load-bearing frame and is used to apply multidimensional loads, including at least static loads and dynamic impact loads, to the mining arch specimen (5) placed in the load-bearing frame. The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system (3) is connected to the multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2) and the mining arch frame specimen (5) for real-time acquisition of test data during the loading process, and generates control commands according to the preset control strategy to adjust the loading process of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2). The environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system (4) is connected to the modular reaction frame system (1) and the mine arch specimen (5) to simulate the surrounding rock constraints and roadway physical environment of the mine arch specimen (5).
2. The full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load-bearing frame is a portal frame made up of several standardized unit modules (11) made of high-strength alloy steel connected together; The anchoring system (13) includes an adjustable support (15) disposed at the bottom of the load-bearing frame, and anchor bolts that cooperate with the adjustable support (15); Longitudinal guide rails (14) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the load-bearing frame.
3. The full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2) includes a top loading unit (21) and a side loading unit (22); The top loading unit (21) includes at least one static loading cylinder (211) and at least one detachable impact actuator (212); the static loading cylinder (211) is fixed to the top crossbeam of the load-bearing frame, and the piston rod end of the static loading cylinder (211) is provided with a universal hinge seat (213); the impact actuator (212) includes a counterweight hammer (215), a guide column (214) for the counterweight hammer (215) to fall, and a lifting mechanism (216) for lifting the counterweight hammer (215). The lateral loading unit (22) includes several independently controlled electro-hydraulic servo cylinders (221); each electro-hydraulic servo cylinder (221) is mounted on a base (222), the base (222) can slide along the longitudinal guide rail (14), and the lead screw (223) driven by the servo motor achieves precise positioning along the longitudinal guide rail (14).
4. The full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system (3) includes a sensor network (31), a data acquisition device (32), and a controller (33). The sensor network (31) includes strain sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, force sensors and acoustic emission sensors arranged at preset locations on the mining arch specimen (5) and the load-bearing frame; The data acquisition unit (32) is connected to the sensor network (31) for receiving and processing signals from each sensor. The controller (33) is connected to the data acquisition instrument (32) and the multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2) respectively. It is used to run the control algorithm and generate control instructions based on the real-time data provided by the data acquisition instrument (32) to perform real-time closed-loop feedback control on the loading process of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2).
5. The full-scale modular intelligent mining arch frame dynamic and static combined loading test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The environmental coupling simulation and auxiliary system (4) includes a surrounding rock simulation module (41) and a safety and energy saving module (42). The surrounding rock simulation module (41) includes a template frame (411) that is detachably installed around the mining arch specimen (5). The template frame (411) is used to fill the surrounding rock similar material and is pre-embedded with a pressure sensor (413) and a humidity sensor (412). The safety and energy-saving module (42) includes an anti-rebound locking device (421) and a kinetic energy recovery system (422). The anti-rebound locking device (421) is installed on the impact actuator (212) of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2) and is used to lock the counterweight hammer (215) after the impact occurs. The kinetic energy recovery system (422) is connected to the lifting mechanism (216) of the impact actuator (212) and is used to convert part of the potential energy of the counterweight hammer (215) into electrical energy for storage.
6. A method for dynamic and static combined loading test of a mining arch frame using the device described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the load-bearing frame of the modular reaction frame system (1) according to the specifications of the mining arch test piece (5) and complete the anchoring, install and fix the mining arch test piece (5), install and calibrate the sensor network (31), and input the test parameters in the controller (33); S2. Control the lateral loading unit (22) of the multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2) to apply a preset static load to the mine arch specimen (5) to simulate the initial geostress field. If the surrounding rock simulation module (41) is enabled, the preset confining pressure is established and maintained simultaneously. S3. While maintaining the static load, the impact actuator (212) of the top loading unit (21) is controlled to apply a dynamic impact load to the mine arch specimen (5); at the same time, the intelligent sensing and closed-loop control system (3) collects the dynamic response data of the mine arch specimen (5) in real time according to the sensor network (31), and adjusts the loading parameters of the lateral loading unit (22) in real time through the adaptive control algorithm. S4. Collect and record test data synchronously throughout the process, and continuously monitor the status of the test piece after impact; after the test, the controller (33) executes the safety unloading procedure and generates a test report.
7. The method for dynamic and static combined loading test of a mining arch frame according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S1 are as follows: S11. Based on the span of the mining arch test piece (5), select the corresponding number of standardized unit modules (11), assemble them on-site using high-strength connectors (12) into a portal-type load-bearing frame, and use an anchoring system (13) to anchor the load-bearing frame to the foundation. S12. Hoist the mining arch specimen (5) to the center area of the load-bearing frame and constrain the bottom boundary conditions of the mining arch specimen (5); S13. Strain sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, force sensors and acoustic emission sensors are arranged on the surface of the mining arch frame specimen (5) and at the preset positions of the load-bearing frame to form a sensor network (31), and all sensors are connected to the data acquisition instrument (32) for system calibration and zero-point calibration. S14. If it is necessary to simulate the surrounding rock, install a template frame (411) around the mining arch specimen (5), fill it with a material similar to the surrounding rock, and cure it to the specified strength; S15. Input test parameters to the controller (33) through the human-machine interface. The test parameters include at least the target value of the static load and the preset dynamic impact energy. Loading position coordinates and the gain coefficient of the control algorithm.
8. The method for dynamic and static combined loading test of mining arch frame according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S2 are as follows: S21. The controller (33) controls the servo motor of the lateral loading unit (22) to drive the base (222) to move along the longitudinal guide rail (14) to the specified position according to the input loading position coordinates; S22. The controller (33) controls the electro-hydraulic servo cylinder (221) of the lateral loading unit (22) to apply radial static load to both sides of the mine arch specimen (5); S23. During the loading process, the data acquisition instrument (32) collects the deformation and strain data of the mining arch frame specimen (5) in real time and feeds it back to the controller (33). The controller (33) runs an adaptive control algorithm to adjust the output of each electro-hydraulic servo cylinder (221) according to the error between the feedback data and the target value until a stable preset static stress field is formed. S24. If the surrounding rock simulation module (41) is enabled, a preset constant confining pressure is applied to the surrounding rock similar material and maintained by the lateral loading unit (22) during this stage.
9. The method for dynamic and static combined loading test of a mining arch frame according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S3 are as follows: S31. After the static load remains stable, the controller (33) determines the dynamic impact energy based on the preset value. The control lifting mechanism (216) lifts the counterweight hammer (215) to the target height h: Where m is the mass of the counterweight (215) and g is the gravitational acceleration; S32. Release the counterweight hammer (215) and let the counterweight hammer (215) fall along the guide column (214) to apply a dynamic impact load to the mining arch test piece (5) through the top loading unit (21); S33. At the moment of impact and in the subsequent process, the sensor network (31) collects the dynamic response data of the mine arch frame specimen (5) at a sampling frequency higher than the preset threshold, and transmits the dynamic response data to the controller (33) in real time through the data acquisition instrument (32). S34. The controller (33) calculates the structural status index in real time based on the dynamic response data. If the structural status index exceeds the preset threshold, the controller adjusts the load-bearing pressure of the lateral loading unit (22) through the adaptive control algorithm, or triggers the preset next impact program. The adaptive control algorithm is a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, and its control quantity is... Calculated by the following formula: in, The error between the loaded target parameter at time t and the corresponding measured value of the sensor is denoted as t. The loaded target parameter includes force, displacement, or impact energy. , , These are the preset proportional gain coefficient, integral gain coefficient, and differential gain coefficient, respectively.
10. The method for dynamic and static combined loading test of a mining arch frame according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S4 are as follows: S41. From the start to the end of the experiment, the data acquisition instrument (32) synchronously and continuously records the data of all sensors; S42. After the dynamic impact load is applied, the system enters a monitoring period of a preset duration to continuously record the residual deformation, acoustic emission signal and bearing capacity changes of the mining arch specimen (5); S43. After the test, the controller (33) controls the multi-dimensional programmable loading system (2) to execute the safe unloading sequence: First, gradually remove the lateral static load, then release the confining pressure, and finally lower the top mechanism; During this process, the kinetic energy recovery system (422) works to recover part of the potential energy generated when the counterweight hammer (215) falls; Energy recovered by the kinetic energy recovery system (422) Estimated by the following formula: in, is the overall energy conversion efficiency of the kinetic energy recovery system (422); m is the mass of the counterweight (215); It is the acceleration due to gravity; The effective height of the counterweight drop hammer (215) when it falls; S44. The data processing module of the controller (33) automatically generates a test report based on the recorded test data. The test report includes load-displacement curves, dynamic impact waveforms, strain spatiotemporal distribution diagrams, and key performance indicators, including peak bearing capacity, total energy absorption, and failure mode.