A multi-type tunnel fire scale test platform with adjustable width, length and large slope

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-type tunnel fire scale test platform with adjustable width, length and large slope, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel fire test equipment, and comprises an inclination adjusting mechanism, wherein the inclination adjusting mechanism comprises a base, the top of the base is respectively provided with an angle adjusting part and a width adjusting part, the top surfaces of the angle adjusting part and the width adjusting part are symmetrically provided with telescopic supports, one side of the telescopic supports close to the angle adjusting part is provided with a protractor, a plurality of modular box bodies are installed on the telescopic supports and are sequentially communicated, and the bottom surfaces of the modular box bodies are provided with moving fixing mechanisms. Through the cooperative design of the angle adjusting part, the width adjusting part and the integrated moving fixing mechanism, the stability of structure adjustment and test operation under the condition of large slope is guaranteed, and the problems of the inconvenience of fixing, moving and reconstruction of the overall structure of the traditional tunnel fire test device are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel fire testing equipment, and in particular relates to a scaled-down testing platform for various types of tunnel fires that can be adjusted in width, length and slope. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of transportation networks, tunnels, as key transportation hubs, are facing increasingly prominent fire safety issues. Tunnel fires are characterized by rapid smoke diffusion, high temperatures, and difficulties in evacuation. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate fire scenarios through experimental platforms to study the laws of smoke spread and smoke prevention and control strategies, providing technical support for engineering design.

[0003] Current technologies related to tunnel fire testing have the following shortcomings: Poor size adaptability: The length and width of existing adjustable slope test platforms are mostly fixed designs, or they can only adjust a single slope. They cannot be flexibly adapted to different cross-sectional dimensions and length specifications of actual tunnels, resulting in a single simulation scenario and difficulty in covering the test needs of different types of tunnels.

[0004] The process of moving and installing the equipment is cumbersome: some test devices are bulky and lack convenient moving mechanisms. The docking process between the tunnel box and the inclined support device is complicated, and the scene switching is time-consuming and laborious, which affects the test efficiency.

[0005] Limited applicability to specific tunnel types: Existing test platforms are mostly designed for specific types of tunnels, with fixed structural and dimensional parameters. For example, a platform adapted for subways cannot adjust its width to simulate the wide cross-section of a highway tunnel, and a platform adapted for highways lacks dedicated simulation components such as subway frames. This makes it impossible to cover the tunnel fire test needs of different scenarios such as subways, highways, and railways, resulting in low reusability of the equipment and increased test costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a scaled-down test platform for various types of tunnel fires that can be adjusted in width, length, and steep slope, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a scaled-down test platform for multi-type tunnel fires with adjustable width, length, and steep slope, including a tilt adjustment mechanism. The tilt adjustment mechanism includes a base, and the top of the base is respectively provided with an angle adjustment part and a width adjustment part. The top surfaces of the angle adjustment part and the width adjustment part are symmetrically provided with a telescopic support. A protractor is provided on the side of the telescopic support near the angle adjustment part. Multiple modular boxes connected in sequence are installed on the telescopic support. A subway frame is provided inside the modular box. A movable fixing mechanism is provided on the bottom surface of the modular box. A test mechanism is provided inside the modular box.

[0008] Optionally, the width adjustment unit includes a movable support seat symmetrically slidably connected to the top surface of the base. The top of the movable support seat is provided with a telescopic round rod, and the two ends of the telescopic round rod are respectively provided with first pulleys. The first pulleys are slidably connected to the bottom surface of the telescopic bracket. The bottom surface of the movable support seat is symmetrically equipped with second pulleys, and the second pulleys are slidably connected to the top surface of the base. Telescopic square rods are symmetrically provided on both sides of the telescopic round rod. The telescopic square rods are fixedly connected to the top surface of the telescopic bracket. One of the telescopic square rods is throttle-connected to the angle adjustment unit. The protractor is located above the telescopic round rod.

[0009] Optionally, the angle adjustment unit includes a hydraulic press hinged to one side of the base, and the piston of the hydraulic press is hinged to the telescopic square rod via a fixed frame.

[0010] Optionally, the movable fixing mechanism includes support legs fixed to the four corners of the bottom surface of the modular box, and the bottom surface of the support legs is equipped with a third pulley.

[0011] Optionally, a fireproof and sealed observation window is symmetrically installed on one side of the modular enclosure. The fireproof and sealed observation window includes a window casing, a window frame, fireproof glass, and a window handle.

[0012] Optionally, the modular enclosure has a nested structure on the side away from the fireproof and sealed observation window.

[0013] Optionally, the test apparatus includes a propane cylinder, which is connected to a gas burner via a connecting pipe, and a mass flow controller is provided on the connecting pipe.

[0014] Optionally, the gas burner is lined with high-temperature resistant quartz sand.

[0015] Optionally, one end of the modular housing is equipped with an axial flow fan, which is powered by a fan cable.

[0016] Optionally, the hydraulic press is electrically connected to a hydraulic press motor and control cables.

[0017] This invention discloses the following technical effects: Through the coordinated design of the angle adjustment unit, the width adjustment unit, and the integrated mobile fixing mechanism, this invention achieves multi-parameter adjustment of tunnel slope, width, and length, while ensuring the stability of structural adjustment and test operation under high slope conditions. It also effectively solves the problem of inconvenience in fixing, moving, and reconfiguring the overall structure of traditional tunnel fire test devices. Furthermore, this scaled-down tunnel fire test platform has good scene adaptability. By flexibly adjusting the tunnel's geometry, slope, and internal structure, it can be used to simulate the mechanism of different types of tunnel fires and conduct smoke control tests. The mobile fixing mechanism enables rapid switching between flexible movement and stable placement of the modular housing. The angle and width adjustment units can precisely adapt to the stability requirements of housings of different widths, combined with nested width adjustment and spliced ​​length adjustment of the modular housings. Simultaneously, the overall structure of the device has a high degree of standardization, which not only reduces equipment investment costs but also accurately reproduces the actual tunnel environment. This provides a high-precision test platform for research on tunnel fire smoke spread patterns and smoke control system optimization, and provides reliable data support for engineering design and fire-fighting and rescue strategy formulation. The modular enclosure is precisely positioned onto the support surface of the angle adjustment unit via a moving and fixing mechanism. The width adjustment unit simultaneously matches the enclosure size to achieve limit, forming a closed-loop control of "movement-positioning-stabilization" to ensure the structural stability of the enclosure during slope adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tilt adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the tilt adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a detailed view of the tilt adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the modular box structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side view of the modular housing of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the subway frame structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the testing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic press motor of the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: 1. Telescopic bracket; 2. Telescopic square rod; 3. Telescopic round rod; 4. Fixing frame; 5. Hydraulic press; 6. Piston; 7. Control cable; 8. First pulley; 9. Movable support base; 10. Second pulley; 11. Base; 12. Protractor; 13. Modular box; 14. Nested structure; 15. Window casing; 16. Window frame; 17. Fireproof glass; 18. Window handle; 19. Support leg; 20. Third pulley; 21. Subway frame; 22. Gas burner; 23. High-temperature resistant quartz sand; 24. Mass flow controller; 25. Propane cylinder; 26. Axial flow fan; 27. Fan cable; 28. Hydraulic press motor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a scaled-down test platform for multi-type tunnel fires with adjustable width, length, and steep slope. It includes a tilt adjustment mechanism, which includes a base 11. The top of the base 11 is provided with an angle adjustment part and a width adjustment part. The top surfaces of the angle adjustment part and the width adjustment part are symmetrically provided with a telescopic support 1. A protractor 12 is provided on the side of the telescopic support 1 near the angle adjustment part. Multiple modular boxes 13 connected in sequence are installed on the telescopic support 1. A subway frame 21 is provided inside the modular box 13. A moving and fixing mechanism is provided on the bottom surface of the modular box 13. A test mechanism is provided inside the modular box 13.

[0023] This invention, through the coordinated design of an angle adjustment unit, a width adjustment unit, and an integrated mobile fixing mechanism, achieves multi-parameter adjustment of tunnel slope, width, and length while ensuring the stability of structural adjustment and test operation under steep slope conditions. It also effectively solves the problem of inconvenience in fixing, moving, and reconfiguring the overall structure of traditional tunnel fire testing devices. Furthermore, this scaled-down tunnel fire testing platform has excellent scene adaptability. Through flexible adjustments to tunnel geometry, slope, and internal structure, it can be used to simulate the mechanisms of different types of tunnel fires and conduct smoke control experiments. The mobile fixing mechanism enables rapid switching between flexible movement and stable placement of the modular housing 13. The angle and width adjustment units can precisely adapt to the stability requirements of housings of different widths, combined with the nested width adjustment and spliced ​​length adjustment of the modular housing 13. Simultaneously, the high degree of standardization of the overall structure of the device not only reduces equipment investment costs but also accurately reproduces the actual tunnel environment, providing a high-precision test platform for research on tunnel fire smoke spread patterns and smoke control system optimization, and providing reliable data support for engineering design and fire-fighting and rescue strategy formulation. The modular box 13 is precisely positioned onto the support surface of the angle adjustment section through a moving and fixing mechanism. The width adjustment section is simultaneously matched with the box size to achieve limit, forming a closed-loop control of "movement-positioning-stabilization" to ensure the structural stability of the box during slope adjustment.

[0024] Further optimization of the design: The width adjustment unit includes a movable support base 9 symmetrically slidably connected to the top surface of the base 11. The top of the movable support base 9 is provided with a telescopic round rod 3. The two ends of the telescopic round rod 3 are respectively provided with first pulleys 8. The first pulleys 8 are slidably connected to the bottom surface of the telescopic bracket 1. The bottom surface of the movable support base 9 is symmetrically equipped with second pulleys 10. The second pulleys 10 are slidably connected to the top surface of the base 11. Telescopic square rods 2 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the telescopic round rod 3. The telescopic square rods 2 are fixedly connected to the top surface of the telescopic bracket 1. One of the telescopic square rods 2 is connected to the angle adjustment unit. The protractor 12 is located above the telescopic round rod 3.

[0025] The telescopic round rod 3 is set along the center line of the support surface of the inclined telescopic bracket 1, and the telescopic square rods 2 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central telescopic round rod 3. By adjusting the telescopic length of the telescopic round rod 3 and the telescopic square rods 2, the distance between the telescopic brackets 1 on both sides is changed to accommodate modular boxes 13 of different widths, thus achieving stable positioning of the modular box 13 on the support surface. The slope of the support surface can be adjusted and locked by the hydraulic press 5. The surface of the support surface is made of anti-slip and wear-resistant material to enhance the fit between the modular box 13 and the support surface, improve the overall structural stability, and ensure a stable slope.

[0026] Further optimization of the design: the angle adjustment unit includes a hydraulic press 5 hinged to one side of the base 11, and the piston 6 of the hydraulic press 5 is hinged to the telescopic square rod 2 via a fixed frame 4.

[0027] The design is further optimized so that the movable fixing mechanism includes support legs 19 fixed to the four corners of the bottom surface of the modular housing 13, and a third pulley 20 is installed on the bottom surface of the support legs 19. The third pulley 20 has a braking function, and the support legs 19 can extend and retract to realize the raising and lowering of the third pulley 20. When extended, the third pulley 20 drives the modular housing 13 to move, and when retracted, the bottom of the modular housing 13 fits against the support surface of the tilt angle adjustment part, without affecting the slope adjustment effect.

[0028] The design is further optimized by installing fireproof and sealed observation windows symmetrically on one side of the modular enclosure 13. The fireproof and sealed observation windows include window sleeves 15, window frames 16, fireproof glass 17, and window handles 18.

[0029] The observation window is made of high-strength fire-resistant glass 17. The edge of the observation window is equipped with a sealing latch. When closed, the sealing latch ensures the airtightness of the chamber. When opened, it facilitates the test operation. At the same time, the fire-resistant glass 17 can withstand the high temperature during the test and does not affect the real-time observation of the flame pattern, smoke diffusion and other conditions inside the chamber.

[0030] To further optimize the design, a nested structure 14 is provided on the side of the modular enclosure 13 away from the fireproof and sealed observation window.

[0031] The width of the modular enclosure 13 is adjusted only by stretching or shrinking the nested enclosure sections. A sealing groove is provided at the nesting connection. After stretching to the target width, the enclosure's airtightness is maintained by the sealant within the sealing groove, meeting the requirements of a closed environment for fire testing. The length of the modular enclosure 13 is adjusted using a multi-section modular splicing design. Each section of the modular enclosure 13 is made of high-temperature refractory alloy. Adjacent modular enclosures 13 are fixedly connected by flanges and sealing rings. Different tunnel lengths can be simulated by increasing or decreasing the number of individual modular enclosure sections 13, and the uniform specifications of each section facilitate replacement and maintenance.

[0032] The scheme was further optimized. The test mechanism includes a propane cylinder 25, which is connected to a gas burner 22 via a connecting pipe. A mass flow controller 24 is installed on the connecting pipe.

[0033] The design was further optimized by lining the gas burner 22 with high-temperature resistant quartz sand 23.

[0034] The gas burner 22 is housed in the modular enclosure 13 and is used to simulate fire sources in the subway tunnel (such as train electrical fires, cable fires, etc.). The power of the fire source can be adjusted according to the test requirements. The gas burner 22 is uniformly filled with high-temperature resistant quartz sand 23 to promote the uniformity and stability of fuel combustion. The bottom of the gas burner 22 is a stainless steel sleeve, which is connected to the mass flow controller 24 through a PVC hose. Further optimizing the design, an axial flow fan 26 is installed at one end of the modular housing 13, and the axial flow fan 26 is powered through a fan cable 27. This simulates the ventilation system of a subway tunnel, and the airflow speed can be adjusted to recreate subway fire scenarios under different ventilation conditions.

[0035] The scheme has been further optimized, and the hydraulic press 5 is electrically connected to the hydraulic press motor 28 and the control cable 7.

[0036] To address the common slope of subway tunnels, the piston 6 is controlled by the hydraulic press motor 28 to extend and retract, causing the support surface to tilt around the base 11 axis. The protractor 12 displays the tilt angle in real time. After adjusting to the target slope, it is fixed by a locking structure to ensure that the slope is consistent with the actual subway tunnel. The surface of the support surface is made of non-slip and wear-resistant material to prevent the box from shifting during the test and to ensure the stability of the subway fire simulation. The subway frame 21 is assembled in the modular box 13, and fireproof boards are laid around it to simulate the subway, making the test environment closer to the actual subway tunnel.

[0037] The modular housing 13 has pre-set sensor mounting holes on the inner wall of each section. These holes are evenly distributed on the top and side walls of the housing and are used to assemble test sensors for temperature, flue gas concentration, etc. Sensor arrangement can be completed without additional drilling, which facilitates test data acquisition.

[0038] The test bench is in debugging mode: the support leg 19 of the movable fixing mechanism extends and drives the modular box 13 to move to the side of the angle adjustment part through the third pulley 20; at the same time, the distance between the telescopic round rod 3 and the telescopic square rod 2 is adjusted to adapt to the box width corresponding to the subway tunnel. The test bench is in test mode: the support leg 19 retracts, so that the bottom of the modular box 13 fits against the support surface of the angle adjustment part; the support surface is adjusted to the actual slope of the subway tunnel by the hydraulic press 5 and locked; after the modular box 13 completes the length and width adjustment corresponding to the subway tunnel, the observation window is closed and locked and sealed, the sensors and the equipment required for the subway tunnel fire simulation are arranged, and the test is started. The test bench is in transition mode: the support leg 19 extends again, unlocking the moving and fixing mechanism of the modular box 13, and the modular box 13 is moved to the storage area via the third pulley 20, or switched to a simulation scenario of a subway tunnel of other specifications.

[0039] A method for simulating subway tunnel fires using a scaled-down test platform with adjustable width, length, and steep slope for various types of tunnel fires includes the following steps: S1. According to the target subway tunnel specifications, switch the test bench to the debugging mode: splice the single-section modular box 13 to complete the adaptation of the subway tunnel length; stretch the nested structure 14 to a certain width, and keep the box sealed by the sealing element in the sealing groove; adjust the distance between the telescopic round rod 3 and the telescopic square rod 2 to adapt to the width of the modular box 13, and prepare for the stable positioning of the modular box 13. S2. The modular box 13 is moved to the telescopic bracket 1 by the third pulley 20 of the moving fixing mechanism, and the support leg 19 is retracted so that the bottom of the modular box 13 fits against the support surface, and the test bench is switched to the test mode. S3. Start the hydraulic press 5, drive the piston 6 of the hydraulic press 5 to extend and retract, adjust the slope of the support surface, calibrate in real time through the protractor 12, and lock the angle adjustment part after confirming that the slope meets the requirements. S4. Assemble the subway frame 21 inside the modular box 13 to recreate the internal structure of the subway tunnel; arrange the sensors according to the experimental requirements; close the observation window. S5. Start the axial flow fan 26 to simulate the ventilation system of the subway tunnel, and start the burner to simulate a fire. Observe the flame spread speed, smoke stratification and diffusion path in real time through the observation window of fireproof glass 17. The sensor collects temperature and smoke concentration data at different locations at the same time and continuously records the test process. S6. After the test is completed, turn off the fire source, burner and axial flow fan 26. After the temperature inside the modular box 13 drops to a safe range, switch the test bench to the transfer mode: extend the support leg 19, unlock the stabilizing structure of the modular box 13, and move the modular box 13 to the storage area through the third pulley 20, or adjust the size and slope as needed, and switch to other specifications of subway tunnel fire simulation scenarios.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0041] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A scaled-down test platform for multi-type tunnel fires with adjustable width, length, and steep slope, characterized in that: The device includes a tilt adjustment mechanism, which includes a base (11). The top of the base (11) is provided with an angle adjustment part and a width adjustment part. The top surfaces of the angle adjustment part and the width adjustment part are symmetrically provided with a telescopic bracket (1). A protractor (12) is provided on the side of the telescopic bracket (1) near the angle adjustment part. Multiple modular boxes (13) connected in sequence are installed on the telescopic bracket (1). A subway frame (21) is provided inside the modular box (13). A moving and fixing mechanism is provided on the bottom surface of the modular box (13). A testing mechanism is provided inside the modular box (13).

2. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width adjustment part includes a movable support base (9) symmetrically slidably connected to the top surface of the base (11). The top of the movable support base (9) is provided with a telescopic round rod (3). The two ends of the telescopic round rod (3) are respectively provided with first pulleys (8). The first pulleys (8) are slidably connected to the bottom surface of the telescopic bracket (1). The bottom surface of the movable support base (9) is symmetrically equipped with second pulleys (10). The second pulleys (10) are slidably connected to the top surface of the base (11). The telescopic round rod (3) is symmetrically provided with telescopic square rods (2) on both sides. The telescopic square rods (2) are fixedly connected to the top surface of the telescopic bracket (1). One of the telescopic square rods (2) is connected to the angle adjustment part in a transmission manner. The protractor (12) is located above the telescopic round rod (3).

3. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle adjustment unit includes a hydraulic press (5) hinged to one side of the base (11), and the piston (6) of the hydraulic press (5) is hinged to the telescopic square rod (2) via a fixing frame (4).

4. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable fixing mechanism includes support legs (19) fixed to the four corners of the bottom surface of the modular box (13), and the bottom surface of the support legs (19) is equipped with a third pulley (20).

5. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fireproof and sealed observation windows are symmetrically installed on one side of the modular box (13). The fireproof and sealed observation windows include window sleeve (15), window frame (16), fireproof glass (17) and window handle (18).

6. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The modular enclosure (13) has a nested structure (14) on the side away from the fireproof and sealed observation window.

7. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test apparatus includes a propane cylinder (25), which is connected to a gas burner (22) via a connecting pipe, and a mass flow controller (24) is provided on the connecting pipe.

8. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gas burner (22) is lined with high-temperature resistant quartz sand (23).

9. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the modular housing (13) is equipped with an axial flow fan (26), which is powered by a fan cable (27).

10. The adjustable width, length, and steep slope multi-type tunnel fire scale-down test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic press (5) is electrically connected to a hydraulic press motor (28) and a control cable (7).

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