Pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation methods for thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices, comprising the following steps: S1, identifying the ratio of organic to inorganic components in the decommissioned new energy device to determine the thermal treatment operating range; S2, during pyrolysis or gasification, by regulating the heating rate, reaction temperature, residence time, and reaction atmosphere, the organic components are preferentially converted into combustible gases or stable carbonaceous residues; S3, during the reaction, the atmosphere and solid phase composition are simultaneously regulated to suppress the generation of halogenated organic intermediates and harmful gaseous pollutants; S4, the generated combustible gases are used for energy recovery, while ensuring that the emitted gases meet environmental control requirements. This method achieves synergistic coupling of targeted pollutant suppression and efficient energy recovery through precise regulation of key thermal treatment parameters, and is applicable to large-scale resource recovery engineering scenarios for decommissioned new energy devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid waste energy utilization and pollution control technology, specifically involving a pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation method for the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the production of retired new energy devices (such as lithium batteries, photovoltaic panels, and energy storage equipment) has exploded. Thermal treatment (pyrolysis and gasification) is a core technological path for achieving energy recovery and reduction. However, existing technologies face key bottlenecks: Firstly, the interaction between organic components (such as binders, electrolyte residues, and polymer encapsulation materials) and inorganic components (such as metal oxides, halides, and ceramic powders) during thermal treatment is complex. Increasing the recovery rate of combustible gases can easily trigger the generation of pollutants such as halogenated aromatics, gaseous heavy metal compounds, and acidic gases (HCl, HF, SOx). Secondly, existing technologies often focus on optimizing a single objective—either emphasizing increasing the calorific value of pyrolysis gas to enhance energy recovery, or simply reducing pollutant emissions through end-of-pipe treatment. They lack a systematic and coordinated control mechanism for multiple stages of "process parameters, component conversion, pollution generation, and energy output," leading to widespread problems in engineering applications such as an imbalance between energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, high operating costs, and low resource utilization rates.

[0003] Specific deficiencies of existing technology include: 1. Poor raw material compatibility: No differentiated thermal treatment strategies were developed for the differences in the organic / inorganic ratio in retired devices (e.g., organic electrolyte accounts for 5%-10% in lithium batteries, and organic encapsulation materials account for 20%-30% in photovoltaic modules), resulting in low component conversion efficiency and uncontrollable risk of pollutant generation. 2. Fragmented parameter control: Key parameters such as heating rate, reaction temperature, residence time, and reaction atmosphere are mostly controlled independently, without forming a synergistic linkage mechanism, which cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of efficient conversion of organic components and suppression of pollutants. 3. Passive pollution suppression: Relying on end-of-pipe purification equipment (such as activated carbon adsorption and alkaline washing) to treat pollutants does not block the pollutant generation path from the reaction source, resulting in increased treatment costs and easy generation of secondary pollution; 4. Insufficient energy recovery: The energy recovery system was not optimized for the dynamic changes of pyrolysis gas components (such as H2, CH4, CO), resulting in high energy loss rate and low overall energy efficiency. To address this, we propose a pollution suppression and energy recovery control method for the thermal treatment of retired new energy devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of retired new energy devices. By precisely controlling the key parameters of thermal treatment, the method achieves synergistic coupling of targeted pollution suppression and efficient energy recovery, which is applicable to large-scale engineering scenarios for the resource-based treatment of retired new energy devices.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices, comprising the following steps: S1. Identify the ratio of organic to inorganic components in retired new energy devices and determine the heat treatment operating range; S2. During pyrolysis or gasification, by controlling the heating rate, reaction temperature, residence time and reaction atmosphere, the organic components are preferentially converted into combustible gases or stable carbonaceous residues. S3. Simultaneously regulate the atmosphere and solid phase composition during the reaction process to inhibit the formation of halogenated organic intermediates and harmful gaseous pollutants; S4. Use the generated combustible gas for energy recovery, while ensuring that the emitted gas meets environmental control requirements.

[0006] Preferably, the ratio of organic to inorganic components in S1 is identified as follows: Using equipment such as elemental analyzer, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), retired new energy devices were comprehensively characterized to clarify the characteristics of organic components, inorganic components, and pollutant precursor content.

[0007] Preferably, the characteristics of the organic components include: the type of organic substance (such as electrolyte, binder, polymer encapsulation material), mass percentage (ω1), pyrolysis temperature range (T2-T2), and content of combustible components (C, H); The characteristics of the inorganic components include the types and mass percentages (ω2) of metals and metal oxides (such as Li, Co, Ni, Si), halides (such as LiPF6, PVC), and inert components (such as ceramics, glass). The pollutant precursor content is determined by detecting the content of pollutant precursors such as halogens (Cl, F), sulfur (S), and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) to assess the potential risk of pollution formation.

[0008] Preferably, the heat treatment operating condition range is determined in S1 as follows: Based on the component analysis results, combined with the pyrolysis characteristic curves of organic components and the pollutant formation threshold, a targeted thermal treatment operating condition range was defined: For systems with low organic components (ω1 < 10%, such as retired lithium batteries): set a low-temperature high-efficiency conversion range, control the pyrolysis final temperature to 400-600℃, and focus on suppressing the volatilization of heavy metals; For organic component systems (10%≤ω1≤20%, such as retired energy storage batteries): set a medium-temperature synergistic range, with a pyrolysis final temperature of 600-800℃, to balance component conversion and pollution inhibition; High organic component system (ω1>20%, such as retired photovoltaic modules): Set a high temperature deep conversion range, with a pyrolysis final temperature of 800-1000℃, to enhance the complete conversion of organic components and inhibit the formation of halogenated pollutants.

[0009] Preferably, the heating rate in S2 is controlled by adopting a segmented heating strategy based on the differences in pyrolysis activation energy of organic components. The reaction temperature in S2 is set as the final temperature based on the operating condition range, and is dynamically fine-tuned by real-time monitoring of the pyrolysis gas components (online gas chromatograph). The residence time in S2 is adjusted based on feedback from the conversion efficiency of organic components. Low organic component system: residence time 15-30 min to ensure stable curing of heavy metals; Organic component system: residence time 30-60 min, balancing combustible gas generation and pollutant inhibition; High organic component system: residence time 60-90 min, promotes complete decomposition of long-chain organic matter; The reaction atmosphere employs a composite atmosphere strategy that combines an inert gas base with a reducing gas for control.

[0010] Preferably, the atmosphere and solid phase composition in S3 are controlled as follows: Atmosphere composition control: O2, HCl, HF, and SO2 in the reaction system are monitored using an online gas analyzer. X The concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons, etc., are dynamically adjusted to adjust the ratio of inert gas to reducing gas. When the O2 concentration is greater than 3%, increase the inert gas flow rate to suppress the formation of oxidizing pollutants (such as SO2 and NO2). When the HCl / HF concentration is >100ppm, increase the H2 introduction ratio (to 15%) and reduce the heating rate to reduce the halogenation reaction; Solid-phase composition modification and control: Add customized modifiers (5%-10% of the raw material mass) to the raw materials to inhibit pollutant migration through physical adsorption and chemical reaction; For acidic gases: Add alkaline modifiers such as CaO and MgO to fix elements such as Cl, F, and S through acid-base reactions to generate stable solid products such as CaCl2, MgF2, and CaSO4; For heavy metals: Add porous modifiers such as bentonite and zeolite to solidify heavy metals such as Pb and Cd through physical adsorption and ion exchange, thereby reducing their volatilization rate; For halogenated organic intermediates: Add catalytic modifiers such as Fe3O4 and NiO to catalyze the dehalogenation and degradation of halogenated intermediates, converting them into harmless small molecule compounds.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the generated combustible gas is used for energy recovery, specifically: S41. Graded recycling and reuse of combustible gases; S42. Emission gas compliance control; S43. Resource utilization of solid residues.

[0012] Preferably, the staged recycling of combustible gas includes primary purification and energy recovery; Primary purification: The pyrolysis gas is passed sequentially through a cyclone separator (to remove dust) and an alkaline scrubbing tower (to absorb Hx and SO). X Acidic gases and activated carbon adsorption beds (adsorbing residual halogenated hydrocarbons) are used to ensure gas purity. Energy recovery: Differentiated recovery methods are adopted based on the composition of the purified pyrolysis gas. High calorific value gases (H2+CH4+CO>70%): When connected to gas turbines or internal combustion engines for power generation, the power generation efficiency is ≥35%; Medium calorific value gas (50%≤H2+CH4+CO≤70%): Used to heat the thermal treatment reactor to achieve heat self-sufficiency, with a thermal utilization efficiency ≥80%; Low calorific value gases (H2+CH4+CO<50%) are converted into high-value syngas through catalytic reforming, and then energy is recovered.

[0013] Preferably, the emission gas compliance control includes real-time monitoring and closed-loop regulation; The real-time monitoring involves installing an online monitoring system at the exhaust port to monitor particulate matter, HCl, HF, and SO in real time. X NO X Concentrations of pollutants such as heavy metals and halogenated hydrocarbons; The closed-loop control: when the concentration of a certain type of pollutant approaches the emission standard threshold, it is fed back to the process control system, which adjusts the reaction temperature, atmosphere ratio, or modifier addition amount.

[0014] Preferably, the resource utilization of the solid residue specifically involves: after heat treatment, the stable carbonaceous residue and metal oxide residue are crushed and sorted to recover carbon resources (for the preparation of activated carbon) and metal resources (such as Li, Co, Ni) respectively, thereby achieving the resource utilization of all components.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) This method accurately matches the raw material characteristics of different types of retired new energy devices, formulates differentiated heat treatment schemes, and improves the conversion efficiency of organic components into combustible gas and stable carbonaceous residue.

[0016] (2) This method establishes a multi-parameter synergistic regulation mechanism to block the generation pathways of pollutants such as halogenated organic intermediates, gaseous heavy metal compounds, and acidic gases from the source of the reaction.

[0017] (3) This method achieves the synergy of efficient recovery of combustible gas and emission compliance of exhaust gas, thereby improving the environmental and energy benefits of the thermal treatment process; at the same time, it reduces the operating cost of thermal treatment projects, avoids secondary pollution, and provides technical support for the large-scale resource utilization of retired new energy devices. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of accurately identifying raw material characteristics in this invention. Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the coordinated control of the heat treatment process; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the pollution source suppression process in this invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the coordinated output process of energy recovery and emission in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices, as detailed below: Please see Figure 2 (i) Accurate identification of raw material characteristics and delineation of operating condition range Identify the ratio of organic to inorganic components in decommissioned new energy devices to determine the heat treatment operating range; Using equipment such as elemental analyzer, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), retired new energy devices were comprehensively characterized to clarify the characteristics of organic components, inorganic components, and pollutant precursor content.

[0021] Based on the accurate identification results of raw material characteristics, the system collects the following key data to provide data support for the delineation of operating condition ranges: Pyrolysis characteristics data of organic components Pyrolysis experiments were conducted using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) to obtain the pyrolysis characteristic curves of the organic components and extract core parameters. Pyrolysis initiation temperature (T0): The temperature at which the organic components begin to undergo thermal decomposition (usually defined as the temperature at which the mass loss rate reaches 5%). Main pyrolysis temperature range (T1-T2): The temperature range in which organic components decompose rapidly and the mass loss rate exceeds 70% (corresponding to the main weight loss peak range of the TG curve). The pyrolysis termination temperature (T3) is the temperature at which the organic component mass loss rate is less than 1% / 10min and the pyrolysis reaction is basically complete. Distribution of pyrolysis products in different temperature ranges: The pyrolysis gas components (H2, CH4, CO, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc.), carbonaceous residue yield and characteristics were detected in the T0-T1, T1-T2, and T2-T3 ranges, respectively.

[0022] By combining elemental analysis data, the combustible potential of organic components (expressed as the theoretical calorific value Q per unit mass of organic components) is calculated, clarifying the correlation between energy recovery potential and pyrolysis temperature.

[0023] Pollutant formation characteristics data The dynamics of pollutant formation during pyrolysis were monitored simultaneously using online gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ion chromatography. Halogenated organic pollutants (such as polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorophenols): Record their critical temperature at which they begin to form (T). p1 ), peak concentration temperature (T) pm ) and the temperature at which generation stops (T) p1 ); Acidic gases (HCl, HF, SOx): Monitor concentration change curves at different temperatures to determine the critical temperature (T) at which concentrations exceed the limit. a (This corresponds to 50% of the limit in the "Standard for Pollution Control of Hazardous Waste Incineration", with reserved redundancy for regulation). Gaseous heavy metal compounds (such as PbCl2 and CdF2): The content of heavy metals in the gas phase is detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the critical temperature for heavy metal volatilization (T). m ).

[0024] Analyze the correlation between pollutant formation and organic / inorganic components: When the halide content in the inorganic component is >3%, the generation thresholds of halogenated pollutants and acidic gases are specifically determined. When the heavy metal content is >0.1%, the critical temperature T for heavy metal volatilization should be locked first. m .

[0025] Raw material component ratio data The mass percentages of organic components (ω1) and inorganic components (ω2 = 1 - ω1) are clearly defined, and the raw material systems are divided into three categories according to ω1: Low organic component system: ω1 < 10% (e.g., retired power lithium batteries, organic electrolyte + binder account for 5%-8%). Organic component system: 10%≤ω1≤20% (e.g., retired energy storage batteries, organic component accounts for 12%-18%). High organic component system: ω1 > 20% (e.g., retired photovoltaic modules, EVA encapsulation material + backsheet organic layer account for 22%-30%).

[0026] Key threshold calibration: Determining the boundary conditions of the operating range Based on the above data, three core thresholds were defined as the basis for dividing the operating condition range: (1) Conversion efficiency threshold (T) t ) The lowest temperature at which the organic component conversion efficiency η ≥ 90% is defined as the conversion efficiency threshold T. t η = (initial mass of organic components - residual organic mass in carbonaceous residue) / initial mass of organic components × 100%.

[0027] Low organic component system: The organic components are mostly small molecule electrolytes with poor thermal stability, T t Typically 380-420℃; Medium-organic component system: includes electrolyte and medium- to long-chain binder, T t Typically 580-620℃; High organic component system: mainly composed of high molecular weight polymers, with strong thermal stability, T t The temperature is typically 780-820℃.

[0028] (2) Pollution control threshold (T) p ) The minimum value of the following three temperature categories is taken as the pollution control threshold T. p To ensure that the amount of pollutants generated within the operating range is within a controllable range: Critical temperature T for the formation of halogenated organic pollutants p1 ; The critical temperature T for acid gas concentration exceeding the standard a ; Critical temperature T for heavy metal volatilization m .

[0029] (3) Energy Optimal Threshold (T)e ) The midpoint of the temperature range where the volume fraction of combustible components (H2+CH4+CO) in the pyrolysis gas is ≥60% is defined as the energy-optimal threshold T. e At this temperature, the energy recovery efficiency is the highest.

[0030] Low organic component system: combustible gas is mainly composed of small molecules, T e Typically 450-500℃; In organic component system: equilibrium of combustible gas yield and calorific value, T e Typically 650-700℃; High organic component system: Long-chain organic matter is fully decomposed, combustible gas has the highest calorific value, T e Typically 850-900℃.

[0031] Operating condition range division: defining differentiated temperature and parameter combinations Using "conversion efficiency threshold T" t The lower limit and pollution control threshold T p The upper limit and the optimal energy threshold T e "Based on the core", and combined with the type of raw material system, specific heat treatment operating condition ranges are defined, and key auxiliary parameters are matched: (1) Low organic component system (ω1 < 10%) Core parameters for operating conditions: Final pyrolysis temperature: 400-600℃ (lower limit ≥ T) t =380-420℃, upper limit ≤T p (to avoid the volatilization of heavy metals) Core objective: To prioritize the suppression of heavy metal volatilization (Li, Co, Ni, etc.) while simultaneously achieving efficient conversion of organic components.

[0032] Auxiliary parameter matching: Heating rate: Gradual throughout (8-12℃ / min) to avoid local overheating that could trigger halide decomposition; Residence time: 15-30 min, to ensure complete decomposition of the organic electrolyte and stable solidification of heavy metals in the solid phase; Reaction atmosphere: pure inert gas (N2 or Ar), flow rate 0.8-1.0 L / (min・kg raw material), to suppress oxidation reaction.

[0033] (2) Organic component system (10%≤ω1≤20%) Core parameters for operating conditions: Final pyrolysis temperature: 600-800℃ (covered by T) e =650-700℃, lower limit ≥T t=580-620℃, upper limit ≤T p (balancing combustible gas generation and halogenated pollutant inhibition). Core objectives: Maximize the conversion efficiency of organic components and energy recovery efficiency, and control the generation of acidic gases.

[0034] Auxiliary parameter matching: Heating rate: segmented (5-10℃ / min in the low-temperature section, 15-20℃ / min in the main pyrolysis section); Residence time: 30-60 min, to ensure complete lysis of medium- and long-chain organic binders; Reaction atmosphere: inert gas + 5%-8% H2, to promote the conversion of halides to HX, which facilitates subsequent purification.

[0035] (3) High organic component system (ω1>20%) Core parameters for operating conditions: Final pyrolysis temperature: 800-1000℃ (covered by T) e =850-900℃, lower limit ≥T t =780-820℃, upper limit ≤T p (Inhibits the formation of halogenated organic intermediates); Core objective: Deep pyrolysis of polymers to increase the yield of combustible gases and block the formation of long-chain halogenated pollutants.

[0036] Auxiliary parameter matching: Heating rate: rapid in the main pyrolysis section (20-25℃ / min), breaking through the activation energy of polymer pyrolysis; Residence time: 60-90 minutes, to ensure complete conversion of long-chain organic matter and avoid semi-char residue; Reaction atmosphere: inert gas + 10%-12% H2, to enhance the dehalogenation reaction and reduce the amount of haloalkanes generated.

[0037] Range verification and optimization: ensuring operational feasibility Small-scale test: Conduct batch pyrolysis experiments according to the above operating conditions and test key indicators: Conversion efficiency: Organic component conversion efficiency ≥90%, organic residue in carbonaceous residue ≤5%; Pollution control: Halogenated hydrocarbon concentration ≤ 0.1 mg / m³, acid gas concentration ≤ 50 mg / m³, heavy metal volatilization rate ≤ 3%; Energy recovery: The combustible component of the pyrolysis gas accounts for ≥60%, and the calorific value is ≥18MJ / m³.

[0038] Dynamic optimization: If a certain indicator fails to meet the target, adjust the interval parameters. If the conversion efficiency is insufficient: appropriately increase the final temperature (not exceeding T). pAlternatively, extend the stay (by 10-15 minutes). If pollutants exceed the standard: lower the final temperature (not lower than T). t Alternatively, increase the proportion of reducing gases (increase 3%-5% H2); If energy recovery is insufficient: Adjust the heating rate so that the main pyrolysis section is in close contact with T. e Precise matching.

[0039] Further, the characteristics of organic components include: the types of organic substances (such as electrolytes, binders, and polymer encapsulation materials), their mass percentage (ω1), pyrolysis temperature range (T2-T2), and the content of combustible components (C, H); Characteristics of inorganic components: including the types and mass percentages (ω2) of metals and metal oxides (such as Li, Co, Ni, Si), halides (such as LiPF6, PVC), and inert components (such as ceramics, glass). Pollutant precursor content: Detect the content of pollutant precursors such as halogens (Cl, F), sulfur (S), and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) to assess the potential risk of pollution formation.

[0040] Furthermore, the heat treatment operating condition range is determined as follows: Based on the component analysis results, combined with the pyrolysis characteristic curves of organic components and the pollutant formation threshold, a targeted thermal treatment operating condition range was defined: For systems with low organic components (ω1 < 10%, such as retired lithium batteries): set a low-temperature high-efficiency conversion range, control the pyrolysis final temperature to 400-600℃, and focus on suppressing the volatilization of heavy metals; For organic component systems (10%≤ω1≤20%, such as retired energy storage batteries): set a medium-temperature synergistic range, with a pyrolysis final temperature of 600-800℃, to balance component conversion and pollution inhibition; High organic component system (ω1>20%, such as retired photovoltaic modules): Set a high temperature deep conversion range, with a pyrolysis final temperature of 800-1000℃, to enhance the complete conversion of organic components and inhibit the formation of halogenated pollutants.

[0041] Please see Figure 3 (ii) Multi-parameter coordinated control of the heat treatment process During pyrolysis or gasification, by controlling the heating rate, reaction temperature, residence time and reaction atmosphere, organic components are preferentially converted into combustible gases or stable carbonaceous residues. Controlling the heating rate: Based on the differences in pyrolysis activation energy of organic components, a segmented heating strategy is adopted; Low temperature range (room temperature - T1): slow temperature rise (5-10℃ / min) to promote the steady release of moisture and light volatile organic compounds, and avoid local overheating that triggers the decomposition of pollutant precursors; Medium temperature range (T1-T2): Rapid heating (15-25℃ / min) breaks through the pyrolysis activation energy threshold of organic components, accelerating the generation of combustible gases (H2, CH4, CO); High-temperature section (T2 - final temperature): uniform heating (10-15℃ / min) to ensure deep conversion of organic components and reduce secondary pollution caused by semi-coke residue.

[0042] The reaction temperature is set to a final temperature based on the operating condition range, and is dynamically fine-tuned by real-time monitoring of the pyrolysis gas components (online gas chromatograph); When the H2+CH4+CO content in the pyrolysis gas is <60%, the final temperature should be appropriately increased (50-100℃) to enhance the decomposition of organic components; When the concentration of halogenated contaminants (such as HCl and Cl2) is close to the threshold, the final temperature should be appropriately lowered (30-50℃) to inhibit the halogenation reaction. Residence time is adjusted based on feedback from the conversion efficiency of organic components. Low organic component system: residence time 15-30 min to ensure stable curing of heavy metals; Organic component system: residence time 30-60 min, balancing combustible gas generation and pollutant inhibition; High organic component system: residence time 60-90 min, promotes complete decomposition of long-chain organic matter; The reaction atmosphere employs a composite atmosphere strategy, combining an inert gas base with a reducing gas for control. Basic atmosphere: Introduce N2 or Ar inert gas to maintain an inert environment in the reaction system and inhibit the generation of pollutants caused by oxidation reaction. The gas flow rate is controlled at 0.5-1.0 L / (min・kg raw material). Reducing regulation: Selectively introduce H2 or CO (volume fraction 5%-15%) depending on the type of pollutant precursor. Halogenated systems: Introducing H2 promotes the conversion of halides into HX (which is easily captured by subsequent purification systems), thus inhibiting the formation of halogenated organic pollutants; For systems containing heavy metals: By introducing CO, high-valence heavy metal oxides (such as PbO and CdO) are reduced to stable elemental substances or low-valence oxides, thus reducing the risk of volatilization.

[0043] Please see Figure 4 (iii) Synergistic suppression of pollution sources The atmosphere and solid phase composition are simultaneously controlled during the reaction process to suppress the formation of halogenated organic intermediates and harmful gaseous pollutants; The atmosphere and solid phase composition are controlled as follows: Atmosphere composition control: O2, HCl, HF, and SO2 in the reaction system are monitored using an online gas analyzer. XThe concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons, etc., are dynamically adjusted to adjust the ratio of inert gas to reducing gas. When the O2 concentration is greater than 3%, increase the inert gas flow rate to suppress the formation of oxidizing pollutants (such as SO2 and NO2). When the HCl / HF concentration is >100ppm, increase the H2 introduction ratio (to 15%) and reduce the heating rate to reduce the halogenation reaction; Solid-phase composition modification and control: Add customized modifiers (5%-10% of the raw material mass) to the raw materials to inhibit pollutant migration through physical adsorption and chemical reaction; For acidic gases: Add alkaline modifiers such as CaO and MgO to fix elements such as Cl, F, and S through acid-base reactions to generate stable solid products such as CaCl2, MgF2, and CaSO4; For heavy metals: Add porous modifiers such as bentonite and zeolite to solidify heavy metals such as Pb and Cd through physical adsorption and ion exchange, thereby reducing their volatilization rate; For halogenated organic intermediates: Add catalytic modifiers such as Fe3O4 and NiO to catalyze the dehalogenation and degradation of halogenated intermediates, converting them into harmless small molecule compounds.

[0044] Please see Figure 5 (iv) Synergistic optimization of energy recovery and emission output The generated combustible gas is used for energy recovery while ensuring that emissions meet environmental control requirements.

[0045] The graded recycling and utilization of combustible gases includes primary purification and energy recovery; Primary purification: The pyrolysis gas is passed sequentially through a cyclone separator (to remove dust) and an alkaline scrubbing tower (to absorb Hx and SO). X Acidic gases and activated carbon adsorption beds (adsorbing residual halogenated hydrocarbons) are used to ensure gas purity. Energy recovery: Differentiated recovery methods are adopted based on the composition of the purified pyrolysis gas. High calorific value gases (H2+CH4+CO>70%): When connected to gas turbines or internal combustion engines for power generation, the power generation efficiency is ≥35%; Medium calorific value gas (50%≤H2+CH4+CO≤70%): Used to heat the thermal treatment reactor to achieve heat self-sufficiency, with a thermal utilization efficiency ≥80%; Low calorific value gases (H2+CH4+CO<50%) are converted into high-value syngas through catalytic reforming, and then energy is recovered.

[0046] Emissions compliance management includes real-time monitoring and closed-loop control; Real-time monitoring: An online monitoring system is installed at the exhaust port to monitor particulate matter, HCl, HF, and SO in real time. X NO X Concentrations of pollutants such as heavy metals and halogenated hydrocarbons; Closed-loop control: When the concentration of a certain type of pollutant approaches the emission standard threshold, the system feeds back to the process control system and adjusts the reaction temperature, atmosphere ratio, or amount of modifier added.

[0047] The resource utilization of solid residues specifically involves the following: after heat treatment, stable carbonaceous residues and metal oxide residues are crushed and sorted to recover carbon resources (for the preparation of activated carbon) and metal resources (such as Li, Co, and Ni) respectively, thereby achieving the resource utilization of all components.

[0048] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Identify the ratio of organic to inorganic components in retired new energy devices and determine the heat treatment operating range; S2. During pyrolysis or gasification, by controlling the heating rate, reaction temperature, residence time and reaction atmosphere, the organic components are preferentially converted into combustible gases or stable carbonaceous residues. S3. Simultaneously regulate the atmosphere and solid phase composition during the reaction process to inhibit the formation of halogenated organic intermediates and harmful gaseous pollutants; S4. Use the generated combustible gas for energy recovery, while ensuring that the emitted gas meets environmental control requirements.

2. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of organic to inorganic components in S1 is identified as follows: Elemental analyzer, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) were used to comprehensively characterize retired new energy devices, clarifying the characteristics of organic components, inorganic components, and the content of pollutant precursors.

3. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 2, characterized in that, The characteristics of the organic components include: the types of organic substances, their mass percentage, pyrolysis temperature range, and the content of combustible components; The characteristics of the inorganic components include the types and mass percentages of metals and metal oxides, halides, and inert components. The pollutant precursor content: The content of halogen, sulfur and heavy metal pollutant precursors is detected to assess the potential pollution formation risk.

4. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat treatment operating condition range determined in S1 is as follows: Based on the component analysis results, combined with the pyrolysis characteristic curves of organic components and the pollutant formation threshold, a targeted thermal treatment operating condition range was defined: Low organic component system: Set a low-temperature high-efficiency conversion range, control the final pyrolysis temperature to 400-600℃, and focus on inhibiting the volatilization of heavy metals; Organic component system: Set a medium-temperature synergistic range, with a pyrolysis final temperature of 600-800℃, to balance component transformation and pollution inhibition; High organic component system: Set a high temperature deep conversion range, with a pyrolysis final temperature of 800-1000℃, to enhance the complete conversion of organic components and inhibit the formation of halogenated pollutants.

5. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating rate in S2 is controlled by adopting a segmented heating strategy based on the differences in pyrolysis activation energy of organic components. The reaction temperature in S2 is set as the final temperature based on the operating condition range, and is dynamically fine-tuned by real-time monitoring of the pyrolysis gas composition. The residence time in S2 is adjusted based on feedback from the conversion efficiency of organic components. Low organic component system: residence time 15-30 min; Organic component system: residence time 30-60 min; High organic component system: residence time 60-90 min; The reaction atmosphere employs a composite atmosphere strategy that combines an inert gas base with a reducing gas for control.

6. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atmosphere and solid phase composition controlled in S3 are specifically as follows: Atmosphere composition control: O2, HCl, HF, and SO2 in the reaction system are monitored using an online gas analyzer. X The concentration of halogenated hydrocarbons is dynamically adjusted, along with the ratio of inert gas to reducing gas. When the O2 concentration is greater than 3%, increase the inert gas flow rate; When the HCl / HF concentration is greater than 100 ppm, increase the H2 introduction ratio and decrease the heating rate. Solid-phase composition modification and control: Add customized modifiers to raw materials to inhibit pollutant migration through physical adsorption and chemical reaction; For acidic gases: Add alkaline modifiers such as CaO and MgO to fix elements such as Cl, F, and S through acid-base reactions to generate stable solid products such as CaCl2, MgF2, and CaSO4; For heavy metals: Add porous modifiers such as bentonite and zeolite to solidify heavy metals such as Pb and Cd through physical adsorption and ion exchange, thereby reducing their volatilization rate; For halogenated organic intermediates: Fe3O4 and NiO catalyst modifiers are added to catalyze the dehalogenation and degradation of halogenated intermediates, converting them into harmless small molecule compounds.

7. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S4 step involves using the generated combustible gas for energy recovery, specifically: S41. Graded recycling and reuse of combustible gases; S42. Emission gas compliance control; S43. Resource utilization of solid residues.

8. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 7, characterized in that, The graded recycling and utilization of combustible gas includes primary purification and energy recovery. Primary purification: The pyrolysis gas is passed sequentially through a cyclone separator, an alkaline scrubbing tower, and an activated carbon adsorption bed to ensure gas purity; Energy recovery: Differentiated recovery methods are adopted based on the composition of the purified pyrolysis gas. High calorific value gas: When connected to a gas turbine or internal combustion engine for power generation, the power generation efficiency is ≥35%; Medium calorific value gas: used to heat the heat treatment reactor, achieving heat self-sufficiency, with a heat utilization efficiency of ≥80%; Low calorific value gases are converted into high-value syngas through catalytic reforming, and then energy is recovered.

9. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 7, characterized in that, The emission gas compliance control includes real-time monitoring and closed-loop regulation; The real-time monitoring involves installing an online monitoring system at the exhaust port to monitor particulate matter, HCl, HF, and SO in real time. X NO X Concentrations of heavy metals and halogenated hydrocarbon pollutants; The closed-loop control: when the concentration of a certain type of pollutant approaches the emission standard threshold, it is fed back to the process control system, which adjusts the reaction temperature, atmosphere ratio, or modifier addition amount.

10. The method for pollution suppression and energy recovery regulation in the thermal treatment of decommissioned new energy devices according to claim 7, characterized in that, The resource utilization of solid residues specifically involves: after heat treatment, stable carbonaceous residues and metal oxide residues are crushed and sorted to recover carbon and metal resources respectively, thereby achieving resource utilization of all components.

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