A system and method for accelerating weathering and greening of rock slopes

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of geological environment management and ecological restoration technology, providing a system and method for accelerating the weathering and greening of rock slopes. The system includes a microbial-induced weathering subsystem, an anchored grid subsystem, a stepped greening subsystem, and a maintenance subsystem. The microbial-induced weathering subsystem sprays microbial inoculum onto the rock slope surface to accelerate surface weathering and form a biocemented layer. The anchored grid subsystem is installed on the slope treated by the microbial-induced weathering subsystem and includes anchor bolts, horizontal grid beams, and multiple vegetation units. The stepped greening subsystem is set within the vegetation units and includes a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer, a soil matrix layer, and a vegetation layer arranged from bottom to top. The maintenance subsystem includes a sensor network, a control unit, and irrigation and nutrient supply devices. This invention effectively accelerates surface weathering of rock, enhances the stability of the greening system, and significantly reduces long-term maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological environment management and ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a system for accelerating the weathering and greening of rock slopes. This invention also relates to a method for using this system to accelerate the weathering and greening of rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Rock slopes are commonly found in the construction of mines, highways, railways, and water conservancy projects. Their surfaces are characterized by exposed rock, scarce soil, and difficulty in natural vegetation recovery. Because these slopes are susceptible to weathering, rainwater erosion, and gravity, they can lead to geological disasters such as soil erosion, landslides, and collapses, causing serious damage to the regional ecological environment.

[0003] Traditional ecological restoration techniques for rock slopes mainly include topsoil spraying, frame beam planting, vegetation bags, and thick-layer substrate spraying. Regarding weathering and substrate adhesion, traditional methods often involve directly spraying topsoil or substrate onto the rock surface. However, due to the smoothness and high chemical inertness of the rock surface, the bond between the topsoil / substrate and the rock mass is weak, making it prone to overall peeling off under rainwater erosion, thus weakening the stability of the topsoil layer and the rock base.

[0004] Secondly, the construction of frame beam structures is complex, and the soil filling them is prone to erosion. Ordinary planting bags have limited water retention capacity and easily dry out on steep slopes. The soil layer structure constructed by these methods is unstable and has poor water and nutrient retention capacity.

[0005] The existing slope soil matrix is ​​thin and the water and fertilizer conditions are poor, resulting in a low initial survival rate of vegetation and slow growth in the later stages. In order to maintain the green coverage, long-term and high-frequency artificial irrigation and fertilization are often required, which results in high maintenance costs.

[0006] The existing technology for ecological restoration of rock slopes uses a combination of anchor bolts, grids, and soil bags, which improves stability but does not actively accelerate the weathering of the rock surface to create a more favorable soil adhesion interface. Furthermore, it lacks post-maintenance methods, and there is still room for improvement in overall restoration efficiency and self-sustaining capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a system for accelerating the weathering of rock slopes and the greening of soil cover, so as to achieve the effects of actively accelerating the weathering of the rock surface, enhancing the stability of the soil cover system, and significantly reducing the long-term maintenance costs.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: A system for accelerating weathering and greening of rock slopes includes a microbial-induced weathering subsystem for spraying microbial liquid onto the rock slope surface to accelerate surface weathering and form a biocementing layer; an anchoring grid subsystem installed on the slope treated by the microbial-induced weathering subsystem, including anchor rods anchored to the rock mass, horizontal grid beams connected to the top of the anchor rods, and multiple vegetation units divided by the horizontal grid beams; a stepped greening subsystem set within the vegetation units, including a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer, a soil matrix layer, and a vegetation layer arranged from bottom to top; and a maintenance subsystem including a sensor network deployed in the soil matrix layer, a control unit communicatively connected to the sensor network, and an irrigation and nutrient supply device driven by the control unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the anchor rod is a telescopic anchor rod with adjustable length, the horizontal grid beam forms a stepped vegetation trough, and the vegetation trough is provided with a composite vegetation substrate composed of local topsoil, humus and water-retaining agent.

[0010] Furthermore, the horizontal grid beams are interconnected to form a lattice-like frame, and the planting unit is filled with a planting bag containing a composite planting substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the water-retaining and seepage-proof layer is made of highly absorbent modified fiber material; the soil matrix layer has a multi-layered structure with a pore gradient.

[0012] Furthermore, the sensor network includes at least a soil moisture sensor, a soil nutrient sensor, and a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium sensor; the control unit controls the start / stop and operating parameters of the irrigation and nutrient supply device based on the comparison results of the data obtained by the sensor network with preset thresholds.

[0013] Furthermore, the irrigation and nutrient supply device includes: Nutrient storage and distribution module, as well as delivery and metering module; The nutrient storage and distribution module automatically distributes nutrient solution of appropriate concentration according to the plant growth stage and the nutrient data fed back by the sensor network. The delivery and metering module delivers the prepared nutrient solution to the micro-sprinkler irrigation device according to the set dosage, and after mixing with the irrigation water, it is evenly applied to the soil substrate layer. The control unit generates a fertilization plan based on the nutrient data collected by the sensor network and the preset threshold.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The system for accelerating weathering and covering greening of rock slopes described in this invention creates a reinforced transition layer between rock and soil through microbial-induced weathering and an active fusion method. This layer, cemented by bio-minerals, fundamentally improves the adhesion between the soil covering system and the rock mass, effectively solving the persistent problem of easy peeling and detachment of topsoil in traditional methods and enhancing the overall stability and durability of the slope. Simultaneously, the system incorporates horizontal grid beams and anchors fixed to the rock mass, adapting to the terrain. The multiple vegetation units formed by the horizontal grid beams effectively intercept runoff, and combined with a highly absorbent, water-retaining, and seepage-proof layer, significantly reduce the vertical and lateral loss of water and soil nutrients.

[0015] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for accelerating the weathering and greening of rock slopes, comprising the following steps: S1, Slope pretreatment and microbial-induced weathering: The rock slope surface is cleaned and drilled, then microbial liquid is sprayed and moisturized to induce rock surface weathering and form an initial cementing layer. S2, Anchoring Network System Installation: Anchors and horizontal grid beams are installed on the cured slope to form an anchoring grid, and vegetation substrate is filled into the vegetation units within the grid; S3, stepped soil covering and vegetation planting: a soil covering structure including a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer and a soil matrix layer is constructed in the vegetation unit, and a vegetation layer is established; S4, Maintenance and Management: Deploy maintenance equipment to automatically irrigate and manage the vegetation based on real-time monitored soil environmental data.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S1, the microbial solution contains urea-hydrolyzing bacteria and mineral weathering bacteria, and the spraying rate is 1.5-3.5 L / m³. 2 The maintenance cycle is 7-20 days.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S3, the vegetation layer is established using hydraulic spraying technology, which sprays a mixture of native herbaceous, shrub, and tree seeds, and then covers it with a biodegradable protective net.

[0018] Furthermore, step S4 includes: S41: In the early stages of vegetation establishment, implement intensive maintenance strategies to maintain soil moisture and nutrients at high levels; S42: After the vegetation has basically established itself or survived, switch to an adaptive maintenance strategy, dynamically adjust the intensity and frequency of irrigation and fertilization based on sensor feedback, and promote the vegetation to evolve into a self-sustaining community.

[0019] The method for accelerating weathering and covering with soil to green rock slopes described in this invention comprises a complete ecological restoration system for rock slopes, with each step closely linked, from slope clearing, microbial weathering induction, anchoring grid installation, soil covering structure construction to intelligent maintenance. First, the rock slope is induced to weather and form a cemented layer, followed by anchoring and soil covering, enhancing the stability of the bond between the soil and the rock mass and avoiding the problem of poor bonding between the topsoil and the rock mass in traditional techniques. The deployment of maintenance equipment achieves automation and precision in maintenance, reducing labor costs and increasing vegetation survival rate. Compared to traditional greening methods, the vegetation survival rate is improved, and the ecological restoration cycle is shortened. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a plan view of the accelerated rock slope weathering and soil covering and greening system described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the accelerated rock slope weathering and soil covering and greening system described in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "back," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through a planting medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in light of the specific circumstances.

[0024] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] This embodiment relates to a system for accelerating the weathering and greening of rock slopes, such as... Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the system includes a microbial-induced weathering subsystem, an anchored grid subsystem, a stepped soil covering and greening subsystem, and a maintenance subsystem. The microbial-induced weathering subsystem is used to spray microbial inoculum onto the rock slope surface to accelerate surface weathering and form a biocementing layer. The anchored grid subsystem is installed on the slope treated by the microbial-induced weathering subsystem and includes anchor bolts anchored to the rock mass, horizontal grid beams connected to the top of the anchor bolts, and multiple vegetation units divided by the horizontal grid beams. The stepped soil covering and greening subsystem is located within the vegetation units and includes a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer, a soil matrix layer, and a vegetation layer arranged from bottom to top. The maintenance subsystem includes a sensor network deployed in the soil matrix layer, a control unit communicating with the sensor network, and irrigation and nutrient supply devices driven by the control unit.

[0026] The system for accelerating weathering and covering greening of rock slopes described in this embodiment creates a reinforced transition layer between the rock and soil through microbial-induced weathering and an active fusion method. This layer, cemented by bio-minerals, fundamentally improves the adhesion between the soil covering system and the rock mass, effectively solving the persistent problem of easy peeling and detachment of topsoil in traditional methods. This enhances the overall stability and durability of the slope. Simultaneously, the system incorporates horizontal grid beams and anchor bolts embedded in the rock mass, adapting to the terrain. The multiple vegetation units formed by the horizontal grid beams effectively intercept runoff, and combined with a highly absorbent, water-retaining, and seepage-proof layer, significantly reduce the vertical and lateral loss of water and soil nutrients.

[0027] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the anchor bolts are adjustable telescopic anchor bolts, and the horizontal grid beams form stepped vegetation trenches. The vegetation trenches contain a composite vegetation substrate composed of local topsoil, humus, and a water-retaining agent. The telescopic anchor bolts can be flexibly adjusted in length according to the degree of rock weathering and the slope gradient, improving the applicability of the anchoring structure and expanding its application range compared to fixed-length anchor bolts. The threaded connection structure facilitates installation and disassembly, reducing construction difficulty.

[0028] Meanwhile, the stepped planting troughs match the slope of the slope, which can reduce the erosion of the topsoil by rainwater and improve the stability of the topsoil. The composite planting substrate uses local topsoil, humus and other materials, which not only reduces the material transportation cost, but also improves the adaptability of plants. The addition of water-retaining agents can improve the soil's water retention capacity, and the decomposed organic fertilizer can continuously provide nutrients for plant growth. Compared with ordinary imported soil, the survival rate of plants is effectively improved.

[0029] The system comprises interconnected horizontal grid beams forming a lattice-like framework, with each vegetation unit filled with a planting bag containing a composite vegetation substrate. The high joint strength of the lattice-like framework enhances the overall stability of the anchored grid and improves the slope's shear resistance, showing a significant increase in shear strength compared to ordinary grid structures. The planting bags further define the area of ​​the composite vegetation substrate, preventing substrate loss. Simultaneously, the biodegradable non-woven fabric planting bags degrade and transform into soil organic matter, improving soil fertility. The tight-fitting design of the planting bags reduces gaps between the substrate and the inner wall of the vegetation unit, improving structural stability, facilitating rapid installation by construction workers, and increasing construction efficiency.

[0030] Preferably, the water-retaining and seepage-proof layer is made of highly absorbent modified fiber material, and the soil matrix layer has a multi-layered structure with a pore gradient. The water-retaining and seepage-proof layer made of highly absorbent modified fiber has excellent water retention and seepage-proof performance, which can reduce water infiltration and improve water utilization. Compared with ordinary seepage-proof materials, the water retention rate is effectively improved, and nutrients in the soil matrix layer can be prevented from being lost with water infiltration.

[0031] Meanwhile, the soil matrix layer in this embodiment has a pore gradient. The loose surface layer facilitates root penetration and respiration, the middle transition layer acts as a buffer for water and nutrients, and the dense bottom layer reduces rapid water infiltration. This three-layer structure not only meets the needs of plant growth but also improves the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promotes deep root development, and enhances the vegetation's resilience.

[0032] Preferably, the sensor network includes at least soil moisture sensors, soil nutrient sensors, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium sensors to monitor data accurately, providing a reliable basis for formulating maintenance strategies. The control unit determines the start / stop and operating parameters of the irrigation and nutrient supply devices based on a comparison of the data obtained from the sensor network with preset thresholds.

[0033] The control unit includes a main control module and a high-performance microcontroller (MCU), which can simultaneously connect to multiple peripherals such as sensor networks, irrigation devices, and nutrient distribution devices to ensure rapid command response. The data storage module stores soil environmental data collected by sensors, equipment operating parameters, preset thresholds, and maintenance strategies in real time, and supports historical data retrieval.

[0034] In addition, a LoRa wireless communication module is adopted, which can be expanded to 4G / 5G modules to adapt to remote areas without network access; it supports two-way communication with remote monitoring platforms and mobile terminals of management personnel to realize data uploading and remote control command reception. The input / output interface module includes an analog input interface adapted to analog signal sensors such as soil moisture and nutrients. The digital output interface is used to drive actuators such as irrigation pumps, solenoid valves, and stirring motors. The interface has overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions, and the protection level is no less than IP65. It also adopts a wide voltage input design, with an input voltage of 12-24V, and integrates a power management chip to support dual-mode switching between solar power supply and lithium battery backup, ensuring normal operation of the equipment in continuous rainy weather, and has a low battery alarm function.

[0035] The control unit also features intelligent decision-making and command generation capabilities. It automatically generates precise maintenance commands based on data comparison results, specifically including the following control functions: Irrigation Control: If soil moisture falls below a preset lower limit, the irrigation duration is calculated based on the moisture difference. For every 5% vol increase in the difference, the irrigation duration is extended by 10 minutes, up to a maximum of 60 minutes. The irrigation pump's start / stop and flow rate are controlled. Nutrient Supply Control: Based on soil nutrient organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiencies, nutrient solution preparation instructions are generated. The opening of the solenoid valves in each nutrient storage tank and the delivery dosage instructions are controlled to ensure that the nutrient solution concentration matches the plant's growth stage. Strategy Switching Control: The maintenance strategy is automatically switched according to the vegetation's growth status, dynamically adjusting preset thresholds, irrigation, and fertilization frequencies.

[0036] Preferably, the irrigation and nutrient supply device includes a nutrient storage and dispensing module and a delivery and metering module. The nutrient storage and dispensing module automatically dispenses nutrient solution of appropriate concentration according to the plant growth stage and nutrient data fed back from the sensor network. The nutrient storage and dispensing module includes multiple nutrient storage tanks, which store nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements respectively, a stirring tank, and a concentration detection sensor. It can automatically dispense nutrient solution of appropriate concentration according to the plant growth stage (seedling stage, growth stage, and maturity stage) and nutrient data fed back from the sensor network. Specifically, the nutrient solution concentration is 0.5-1.0 g / L during the seedling stage, 1.0-2.0 g / L during the growth stage, and 0.8-1.5 g / L during the maturity stage. In addition, the delivery and metering module includes a delivery pump, a flow meter, and a solenoid valve. It delivers the prepared nutrient solution to the micro-sprinkler irrigation device at a set dosage, determined based on the plant growth stage and soil nutrient deficit, with a dosage range of 5-20 L / m². This solution is then mixed with irrigation water at a pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa at a volume ratio of 1:50-1:100 and uniformly applied to the soil substrate layer.

[0037] The control unit generates a fertilization plan based on nutrient data collected by the sensor network and preset thresholds. The fertilization plan includes fertilization time, fertilizer dosage, and nutrient solution concentration. It can also dynamically adjust the fertilization frequency according to weather conditions, such as rainfall and temperature. Fertilize once every 3-5 days on sunny days and suspend fertilization for 1-2 days on rainy days.

[0038] This embodiment also relates to a method for accelerating the weathering and greening of rock slopes, including the following steps: S1, Slope Pretreatment and Microbial-Induced Weathering: (1) Clean up the loose rocks and dangerous rocks on the surface of the rock slope and level the slope surface; first remove the loose rocks, dangerous rocks and loose debris from the slope surface, and use a high-pressure water gun to wash the dust off the slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is clean. (2) Drill holes to set anchor points, with a hole diameter of 5-8cm and a hole depth determined according to the degree of rock weathering. Then, drill holes using a drilling machine at a spacing of 1.5-2.0m between anchors, with a hole diameter of 100-150mm and a hole depth 10-20cm deeper than the anchoring depth. After drilling, clean the rock powder from the hole and inject cement mortar or resin anchoring agent.

[0039] (3) Spraying solidified microbial solution (concentration of 10⁶-10⁷ CFU / mL), spraying rate 2-3 L / m² 2 Next, microbial liquid is sprayed and moisturized to induce weathering of the rock surface and the formation of an initial cemented layer.

[0040] (4) Cover with non-woven fabric for heat preservation and moisture retention. Use non-woven fabric to cover the slope and spray water regularly to keep the slope humidity not less than 80%, thereby promoting microbial mineralization. The maintenance cycle is 15-20 days.

[0041] Specifically, the microbial solution contains urea-hydrolyzing bacteria and mineral weathering bacteria, with a spraying rate of 1.5-3.5 L / m². 2 The maintenance cycle is 7-20 days. The two are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1-1:2, with a bacterial concentration of 10. 8 -10 9 CFU / mL; spraying rate: 1.5-3.5 L / m² 2 The specific spraying amount should be adjusted according to the slope roughness; the upper limit should be used when the slope roughness is too high, and the lower limit should be used when the roughness is too low. The specific maintenance period should be determined according to the degree of rock weathering; the upper limit should be used for slightly weathered rock mass, and the lower limit should be used for moderately weathered rock mass. During the maintenance period, the weathering condition of the slope and the thickness of the cementing layer should be checked regularly. The maintenance is considered complete when the thickness of the cementing layer reaches 2-3 cm.

[0042] S2, Installation of anchoring network system (1) Install anchor rods and horizontal grid beams on the cured slope to form an anchoring grid. Specifically, insert telescopic anchor rods into the drilled holes, adjust the length of the anchor rods to the designed anchoring depth, and wait for the anchoring agent to solidify. Specifically, after the cement mortar has solidified for no less than 72 hours and the resin anchoring agent has solidified for no less than 24 hours, fix the horizontal grid beams to the top of the anchor rods through a threaded connection structure, splicing them to form a lattice-like frame and vegetation units.

[0043] (2) Planting substrate bags are laid in the planting troughs. The bags are filled with a composite substrate consisting of local topsoil, humus and water-retaining agent. Planting substrate is then filled into the planting units within the grid. During the filling process, the substrate is compacted in layers, with each layer not exceeding 10cm in thickness, to ensure that the density of the planting substrate is not less than 1.2g / cm³. 3 (3) The proportion of the plant substrate (by volume) is: 60% local topsoil, 20% humus, 10% perlite, 5% water-retaining agent, and 5% slow-release fertilizer.

[0044] S3, stepped soil covering and vegetation planting: Construct a soil covering structure including a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer and a soil matrix layer in the vegetation unit, and establish a vegetation layer.

[0045] (1) Lay a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer, a soil matrix layer and a vegetation layer in sequence in the vegetation trough; first, lay a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer at the bottom of the vegetation unit to ensure that the water-retaining and seepage-proof layer completely covers the bottom and side walls of the vegetation unit, and seal the joints by hot-melt welding; then, lay a soil matrix layer in layers above the water-retaining and seepage-proof layer, laying and compacting it in the order of loose surface layer, transitional middle layer and dense lower layer; finally, establish the vegetation layer by using hydraulic spraying technology.

[0046] (2) Plant seeds are sprayed using a net-mounted hydroseeding technique. The seed mix includes native herbs, shrubs, and trees. The native herb seeds are Bermuda grass and Zoysia japonica, the shrub seeds are Amorpha fruticosa and Hippophae rhamnoides, and the tree seeds are Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis. The mass ratio of each type of seed is herb:shrub:tree = 5:3:2. The working pressure of the hydroseeding equipment is 0.3-0.5MPa, and the spraying height is 50-80cm above the slope. The hydroseeding mixture includes native herb, shrub, and tree seeds. The mixture is composed of seeds, composite vegetation substrate, binder, water-retaining agent, and water in a mass ratio of 1:100:5:3:200.

[0047] (3) Cover with biodegradable fiber netting after hydroseeding to prevent seed loss. Immediately after hydroseeding, cover with biodegradable protective netting with a mesh size of 2-3cm. Fix with U-shaped nails at intervals of 50-80cm. The degradation period of the protective netting is 6-12 months, ensuring that it plays a protective role before the vegetation forms a turf.

[0048] S4, Maintenance and Management: Deploy intelligent maintenance equipment to automatically irrigate and manage the vegetation based on real-time monitored soil environmental data.

[0049] Specifically, the steps include the following: S41: In the early stages of vegetation establishment, implement intensive maintenance strategies to maintain soil moisture at 40-60% vol, soil organic matter content at no less than 2.5%, nitrogen content at no less than 1.8 g / kg, phosphorus content at no less than 1.0 g / kg, and potassium content at no less than 1.5 g / kg. Irrigation frequency is 1-2 times per day, with each irrigation lasting 30-60 minutes; fertilization frequency is once every 3 days, with each application dosage of 15-20 L / m².

[0050] S42: After the vegetation has basically established itself or survived, switch to an adaptive maintenance strategy. Based on sensor feedback, dynamically adjust the intensity and frequency of irrigation and fertilization to promote the vegetation's evolution into a self-sustaining community. The intensity and frequency of irrigation and fertilization are dynamically adjusted based on sensor feedback; soil moisture is maintained at 30-50% vol, and soil nutrients are maintained at the lower limit of the preset threshold; the irrigation frequency is adjusted to once every 5-7 days, with each irrigation lasting 20-40 minutes.

[0051] The fertilization frequency was adjusted to once every 7-10 days, with a dosage of 5-10 L / m² each time. At the same time, human intervention was gradually reduced to promote the succession of vegetation into a self-sustaining community. Once the vegetation coverage reached more than 95% and a stable community structure was formed, artificial maintenance was stopped.

[0052] Example 1: Greening of steep rocky slopes like Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1: Slope cleaning and microbial weathering-induced maintenance First, slope surveying and clearing are conducted: Ground-penetrating radar is used to scan the distribution of rock fissures and mark unstable areas. A combination of mechanical and manual methods is used to thoroughly remove loose rocks and unstable boulders from the surface, ensuring the stability and safety of the work surface. Subsequently, the slope is high-pressure washed to remove dust, and shotcrete is used to level and repair locally damaged areas. After pretreatment, a specially formulated microbial solution is evenly sprayed using an intelligent hydroseeding system, controlling the spraying pressure and coverage density at a rate of 2.5 L / m². 2 After spraying, the surface is covered with non-woven fabric for 15 days of continuous moisture retention. The substrate moisture content is monitored regularly by manual inspection to maintain ≥80% daily. After the maintenance is completed, a 2cm thick initial bio-cement layer is formed on the slope.

[0053] S2: Anchoring mesh installation and vegetation substrate filling A modular anchoring grid system was installed on the cured slope: holes were drilled at 2m x 2m intervals to a depth of 2.5m. After cleaning the rock powder from the holes, cement mortar anchoring agent was injected, with the grouting pressure controlled at 0.8-1.2MPa. Telescopic anchor rods were inserted into the drilled holes and adjusted to the designed anchoring depth. After the anchoring agent had solidified for 72 hours, the horizontal grid beams were threaded and fixed to the top of the anchor rods, forming a reliable supporting lattice-like frame and vegetation unit. Subsequently, specially formulated composite vegetation substrate was filled in layers within the grid beams, with each layer controlled at a thickness of 15-20cm. Each layer was compacted after filling to ensure the substrate density was not less than 1.2g / cm³. 3 .

[0054] S3: Construction of soil cover structure and establishment of vegetation layer A stepped soil covering structure was constructed within the vegetated unit: First, a water-retaining and impermeable layer was laid on top of the vegetated substrate, ensuring complete coverage of the bottom and side walls of the vegetated unit, with joints sealed using hot-melt welding. Next, soil matrix layers were laid in layers on top of the water-retaining and impermeable layer and compacted. Finally, mixed plant seeds were sprayed using hydraulic hydroseeding technology, with a seed rate of 25 g / m². 2 The spraying pressure is controlled at 0.4MPa, and the spraying height is 60cm from the slope. Immediately after spraying, cover with environmentally friendly non-woven fabric to keep warm and moist. The non-woven fabric is fixed with U-shaped nails at 60cm intervals.

[0055] S4: Deployment of Intelligent Maintenance Equipment and Phased Maintenance During the laying of the soil matrix layer, a sensor network is simultaneously deployed to ensure close contact between the sensor probes and the soil. Subsequently, the control unit, irrigation and nutrient supply device, and micro-sprinkler irrigation device are installed, and equipment debugging is performed to ensure normal communication and stable operation of all components. The maintenance strategy is implemented according to claim 10: S41, in the early stage of vegetation establishment, 1-3 months after hydroseeding, implement an enhanced maintenance strategy. The control unit presets the soil moisture threshold to 40-60% vol and the organic matter content to ≥2.5%. Based on real-time feedback data from the sensors, it automatically controls the micro-sprinkler irrigation device to irrigate once a day for 45 minutes each time. At the same time, it controls the nutrient supply device to deliver nutrient solution once every 3 days at a dosage of 15L / ㎡ to maintain sufficient soil nutrients.

[0056] S42. After the vegetation has established itself, and 3 months after hydroseeding, when the vegetation coverage on the slope has reached more than 80%, the control unit automatically switches to an adaptive maintenance strategy, dynamically reducing the intensity and frequency of irrigation and fertilization, adjusting the soil moisture threshold to 30-50% vol, changing the irrigation frequency to once every 6 days for 30 minutes each time, and changing the fertilization frequency to once every 8 days at a dose of 8 L / m², gradually reducing human intervention and promoting the evolution of vegetation into a self-sustaining community.

[0057] As mentioned above, after a three-month natural growth and stabilization period, the vegetation coverage on the slope reached over 80%, forming a dense vegetation cover layer; the soil erosion modulus was significantly reduced, effectively curbing soil and water loss on the slope. Compared to traditional high and steep slope greening techniques, this embodiment uses microbial-induced weathering to increase the weathering rate of the rock surface by 6 times, achieving a vegetation survival rate of 90% and reducing maintenance costs by 40%. It successfully achieved the dual goals of ecological restoration and soil and water conservation for high and steep rock slopes, significantly improving slope stability without issues such as soil loss or anchor loosening. Example 2

[0058] A limestone mine rock slope with a slope of 70° and a height of 20m was ecologically restored using the accelerated rock slope weathering and soil covering and greening method described in this example. The construction process strictly followed the following steps: S1. Perform fine-grained pretreatment of the slope: manually clean the surface loose stones and dangerous rocks, use a high-pressure water gun to wash away the dust on the rock surface, and use sprayed concrete to level the local depression areas.

[0059] S2, Adjust the microbial inoculum ratio and spray: Adjust the microbial inoculum ratio according to the characteristics of the limestone rock mass, increase the proportion of silicate bacteria to 30%, the proportion of urea hydrolysis bacteria to 50%, and the proportion of mineral weathering bacteria to 20%. Spray evenly through the spraying system at a pressure of 0.6MPa, and then carry out 20 days of moisturizing maintenance, and monitor the substrate moisture content daily. S3, Install a reinforced anchoring grid system: Specifically, the anchor spacing is 2.5m×2.5m, the drilling depth reaches 3m, the grouting pressure is controlled at 1.0-1.5MPa, and the grid beam is filled with a composite vegetation substrate in layers, consisting of 55% local topsoil, 25% humus, 10% perlite, 5% water-retaining agent, and 5% slow-release fertilizer, with each layer being 18-22cm thick; S4, hydroseeding with a mixed plant seed tolerant to poor soil: 30% *Salix matsudana*, 25% *Leucaena leucocephala*, 25% *Cynodon dactylon*, and 20% *Alfalfa*, seed usage 30g / m². 2 It is covered with breathable non-woven fabric for heat preservation and moisture retention.

[0060] This implementation plan, designed for a 70° steep, 20m high limestone slope, achieved significant ecological restoration results after six months of operation. Firstly, the vegetation is thriving, with a slope vegetation coverage exceeding 70%, far surpassing the conventional greening effects on steep, barren rock slopes. It successfully established a stable composite community of trees, shrubs, and grasses, primarily composed of willows and silver acacia, and mainly bermudagrass and alfalfa. This enabled the plant community to self-renew and cycle, overcoming the challenge of establishing stable vegetation on ecologically barren limestone slopes.

[0061] Meanwhile, the microbial inoculum adapted to the characteristics of limestone and the reinforced anchoring grid design effectively improved the bonding stability between the rock mass and the overburden. Combined with the good growth of barren-tolerant plants, it further enhanced the slope's resistance to erosion, avoiding problems such as overburden loss and anchor loosening, thus achieving the dual goals of ecological restoration and engineering stability of steep limestone mine rock slopes.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for accelerating weathering and soil covering and greening of rock slopes, characterized in that: The system includes a microbial-induced weathering subsystem for spraying microbial liquid onto the rock slope surface to accelerate surface weathering and form a biocementing layer; an anchored grid subsystem installed on the slope treated by the microbial-induced weathering subsystem, comprising anchors anchored to the rock mass, horizontal grid beams connected to the top of the anchors, and multiple vegetation units divided by the horizontal grid beams; a stepped soil covering and greening subsystem located within the vegetation units, comprising a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer, a soil matrix layer, and a vegetation layer arranged from bottom to top; and a maintenance subsystem comprising a sensor network deployed in the soil matrix layer, a control unit communicatively connected to the sensor network, and an irrigation and nutrient supply device driven by the control unit.

2. The system for accelerating weathering and covering greening of rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod is a telescopic anchor rod with adjustable length, and the horizontal grid beam forms a stepped vegetation trough. The vegetation trough is equipped with a composite vegetation substrate composed of local topsoil, humus and water-retaining agent.

3. The system for accelerating weathering and covering with soil and greening of rock slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal grid beams are interconnected to form a lattice-like frame, and the planting unit is filled with a planting bag containing a composite planting substrate.

4. The system for accelerating weathering and covering greening of rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water-retaining and seepage-proof layer is made of highly absorbent modified fiber material; the soil matrix layer is a multi-layered structure with a pore gradient.

5. The system for accelerating weathering and covering greening of rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor network includes at least a soil moisture sensor, a soil nutrient sensor, and a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium sensor; the control unit controls the start / stop and operating parameters of the irrigation and nutrient supply device based on the comparison results between the data obtained by the sensor network and preset thresholds.

6. The system for accelerating weathering and covering greening of rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation and nutrient supply device includes: Nutrient storage and distribution module, as well as delivery and metering module; The nutrient storage and distribution module automatically distributes nutrient solution of appropriate concentration according to the plant growth stage and the nutrient data fed back by the sensor network. The delivery and metering module delivers the prepared nutrient solution to the micro-sprinkler irrigation device according to the set dosage, and after mixing with the irrigation water, it is evenly applied to the soil substrate layer. The control unit generates a fertilization plan based on the nutrient data collected by the sensor network and the preset threshold.

7. A method for accelerating weathering and soil covering and greening of rock slopes, characterized in that: S1, Slope pretreatment and microbial-induced weathering: The rock slope surface is cleaned and drilled, then microbial liquid is sprayed and moisturized to induce rock surface weathering and form an initial cementing layer. S2, Anchoring Network System Installation: Anchors and horizontal grid beams are installed on the cured slope to form an anchoring grid, and vegetation substrate is filled into the vegetation units within the grid; S3, stepped soil covering and vegetation planting: a soil covering structure including a water-retaining and seepage-proof layer and a soil matrix layer is constructed in the vegetation unit, and a vegetation layer is established; S4, Maintenance and Management: Deploy maintenance equipment to automatically irrigate and manage the vegetation based on real-time monitored soil environmental data.

8. The method for accelerating weathering and soil covering and greening of rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the microbial solution contains urea-hydrolyzing bacteria and mineral weathering bacteria, and the spraying rate is 1.5-3.5 L / m³. 2 The maintenance cycle is 7-20 days.

9. The method for accelerating weathering and covering with soil for greening of rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the vegetation layer is established using hydraulic spraying technology, which sprays a mixture of native herbaceous, shrub and tree seeds, and then covers it with a biodegradable protective net.

10. The method for accelerating weathering and soil covering and greening of rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S4 includes: S41: In the early stages of vegetation establishment, implement intensive maintenance strategies to maintain soil moisture and nutrients at high levels; S42: After the vegetation has basically established itself or survived, switch to an adaptive maintenance strategy, dynamically adjust the intensity and frequency of irrigation and fertilization based on sensor feedback, and promote the vegetation to evolve into a self-sustaining community.

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