A method and apparatus for atomic interference guided by dual optical tweezers

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of atomic interferometry precision measurement, specifically disclosing a method and apparatus for atomic interferometry based on dual optical tweezers guidance. This application achieves efficient segmentation by employing dual optical tweezers for initial state preparation and beam splitting of the initial cold atomic clusters, reducing the heating and decoherence effects associated with traditional methods. By controlling the optical tweezers to guide the two atomic clusters along a non-overlapping, tightly wound path, interaction and decoherence are avoided, while the extended movement distance enhances phase accumulation and improves interference sensitivity. Subsequently, atomic interference is achieved by combining the optical tweezers beams, ensuring stable interference fringes and improving measurement accuracy. Finally, the combined atomic clusters are used iteratively as the initial atomic clusters, reducing repeated preparation time and effectively increasing the sampling rate. Compared with existing technologies, this method improves the sampling rate and measurement sensitivity while reducing heating and decoherence, thus solving the problems of limited heating, decoherence, and sampling rate in atomic interferometers and significantly enhancing measurement capabilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of atomic interferometry precision measurement, specifically relating to a method and apparatus for atomic interferometry guided by dual optical tweezers. Background Technology

[0002] As an important platform for quantum precision measurement, atomic interferometers have played a crucial role in various fields, including gravity and gravitational gradient measurements, gravitational constant measurements, and equivalence principle testing. However, expanding the applications of cold atom interferometers across different research areas requires further enhancements to their measurement capabilities, primarily including increasing the scaling factor and improving the sampling rate.

[0003] Existing main technical approaches to increasing the scaling factor include: achieving large momentum transfer through methods such as combining pulses to improve momentum separation between the two paths and expand the area enclosed by the interference path; and amplifying the interference area using atomic chips, optical waveguides, or magnetically controlled guidance. Representative current work includes: progressively advancing the two paths of the split beam to a scaling factor of up to 112 using multiple high-order Bragg acceleration pulses. The large momentum separation of k increases the scaling factor; or the magnetic guidance scheme uses a highly uniform magnetic potential well generated by the magnetic field track coil to laterally constrain and move the cooled cesium atoms, so that they maintain coherent propagation in the magnetic track and achieve the interference process.

[0004] The aforementioned work also presents many experimental challenges for large momentum transfer. Among these challenges, severe decoherence exists in the two interference paths, making it difficult to achieve large-area interference. Furthermore, large momentum transfer requires larger instrument sizes, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of miniaturization and integration. The guidance scheme suffers from unavoidable heating and decoherence effects, which limit the achievable coherent evolution time, and its path shape is difficult to control flexibly. In addition, the aforementioned work does not improve the measurement sampling rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this application is to provide a dual-optical tweezers-guided atomic interferometry method and apparatus, aiming to solve the problems of heating and decoherence effects and limited sampling rate that are common in current methods, and to improve the measurement capabilities of atomic interferometers.

[0006] The first aspect of this application relates to a dual-optical-tweezers-guided atomic interference method, comprising: preparing an initial state of an initial cold atom cluster, and splitting it into a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster using a first optical tweezer and a second optical tweezer; controlling the first optical tweezer to guide the first cold atom cluster to move along a first preset tightly wound path, and controlling the second optical tweezer to guide the second cold atom cluster to move along a second preset tightly wound path, wherein the first preset tightly wound path and the second preset tightly wound path do not overlap; after the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster complete path phase accumulation, combining them into a combined cold atom cluster using the first optical tweezer and the second optical tweezer to achieve atomic interference; in the next atomic interference, using the combined cold atom cluster as the initial cold atom cluster, performing the steps of preparing the initial state of the initial cold atom cluster and splitting it into the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster using the first optical tweezer and the second optical tweezer.

[0007] In one embodiment, the initial cold atom cluster is prepared in its initial state and then split into a first cold atom cluster and a second cold atom cluster using a first optical tweezer and a second optical tweezer. This includes: aligning the central optical axes of the first and second optical tweezers to form a potential well, loading the initial cold atom cluster into the potential well, and then preparing the initial state; controlling the first and second optical tweezers to move adiabatically along the two sides of the aligned central optical axis to coherently split the initial cold atom cluster, thereby obtaining the first and second cold atom clusters; controlling the first optical tweezers to guide the first cold atom cluster to the starting point of a first preset tightly wound path, and controlling the second optical tweezers to guide the second cold atom cluster to the starting point of a second preset tightly wound path.

[0008] In one embodiment, the construction of the first and second preset tightly wound paths includes: constructing a dynamic model based on the influence of optical tweezers potential trap movement on the coherence of cold atomic clusters, and defining a loss function based on the scaling factor amplification and the coherence of optical tweezers manipulation; solving the dynamic model and loss function using an optimization control algorithm to generate and optimize the trajectory parameters of the two paths, wherein the trajectory parameters include at least the specific shape of the path, the number of detours, and the velocity distribution; and generating the first and second preset tightly wound paths based on the trajectory parameters.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first preset tight-wrap path and the second preset tight-wrap path are mirror-symmetric.

[0010] In one embodiment, after the first and second cold atom clusters complete path phase accumulation, they are combined into a bundled cold atom cluster by first and second optical tweezers to achieve atomic interference. The method further includes: acquiring the state information of the combined cold atom cluster; and extracting the interference fringe signal and calculating the relative phase difference based on the initial state information of the initial cold atom cluster and the state information of the combined cold atom cluster.

[0011] In one embodiment, after the first and second cold atom clusters complete path phase accumulation, they are bundled into a bundled cold atom cluster by first optical tweezers and second optical tweezers. This includes: controlling the first optical tweezers to guide the first cold atom cluster to the end point of a first preset tightly wound path, and controlling the second optical tweezers to guide the second cold atom cluster to the end point of a second preset tightly wound path; controlling the first and second optical tweezers to perform adiabatic movements along opposite central optical axes until the potential wells overlap, so that the first and second cold atom clusters overlap in space to generate a bundled cold atom cluster.

[0012] The second aspect of this application relates to a dual-optical-tweezers guided atomic interferometer, comprising: a control module, a first optical tweezer, a second optical tweezer, and a vacuum and cooling system; the vacuum and cooling system is used to provide a vacuum working environment and to prepare the initial state of the initial cold atomic cluster; the first optical tweezer and the second optical tweezer are used, under the control of the control module, to perform beam splitting operations, guiding and moving operations of the first and second cold atomic clusters, and beam combining operations of the first and second cold atomic clusters; the control module is communicatively connected to the vacuum and cooling system, the first optical tweezer, and the second optical tweezer, respectively, and is used to execute the method of the first aspect.

[0013] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, comprising: at least one memory for storing a program; and at least one processor for executing the program stored in the memory, wherein when the program stored in the memory is executed, the processor is configured to execute the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0014] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0015] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0016] It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second to fifth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant description of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0017] Overall, the technical solutions conceived in this application have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: This application employs dual optical tweezers to prepare and split initial cold atomic clusters, achieving efficient and precise cluster segmentation. This provides a stable initial state for subsequent path guidance, reducing the heating and decoherence effects associated with traditional beam splitting methods. Next, by controlling the first and second optical tweezers to guide the two atomic clusters along non-overlapping, pre-defined tightly wound paths, interactions and decoherence caused by path intersections are avoided. Simultaneously, the tightly wound paths extend the movement distance of the atomic clusters, enhancing path phase accumulation and thus improving the sensitivity of interferometric measurements. Subsequently, after the atomic clusters have completed phase accumulation, they are combined using optical tweezers to achieve atomic interference. This precise beam combining process ensures the stability and clarity of the interference fringes, improving measurement accuracy. Finally, by using the combined cold atomic cluster as the initial atomic cluster in the next atomic interference and repeating the above process, iterative use of atomic clusters is achieved, significantly reducing the time required for repeated cluster preparation and effectively improving the sampling rate.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, these technologies work together to improve the sampling rate and measurement sensitivity while reducing heating and decoherence. This effectively overcomes the technical bottlenecks of current atomic interferometers, such as significant heating effects, short coherence time, and low sampling rate, and significantly enhances the measurement capabilities of atomic interferometers. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the dual-optical tweezers guided atomic interference method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tightly wound path provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the dual-optical tweezers guided atomic interference method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-optical tweezers guided atomic interferometer provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0021] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. In this application, the symbol " / " indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship, for example, A / B means A or B.

[0022] In this application, the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order of objects. For example, "first response message" and "second response message," etc., are used to distinguish different response messages, not to describe a specific order of response messages.

[0023] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more, for example, multiple processing units means two or more processing units, multiple elements means two or more elements, etc.

[0025] Atomic interferometers are key platforms for quantum precision measurement, widely used in fields such as gravity measurement. To further enhance their measurement capabilities, the core lies in increasing the scaling factor and improving the sampling rate. Current mainstream techniques for increasing the scaling factor include large momentum transfer schemes (such as using high-order Bragg pulses to achieve atomic momentum separation) and various atomic guidance schemes (such as magnetic guidance). However, these schemes all face significant limitations: large momentum transfer easily leads to atomic decoherence and requires large equipment, hindering integration; guidance schemes suffer from problems such as atomic heating, decoherence, and inflexible path control. More importantly, existing technologies have failed to effectively improve the system's measurement sampling rate, limiting its practical application performance.

[0026] Based on this, this application proposes an embodiment of a dual-optical tweezers-guided atomic interference method. Please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the dual-optical tweezers guided atomic interference method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0027] In this embodiment, the dual-optical tweezers guided atomic interference method includes steps S10 to S40.

[0028] Step S10: The initial cold atomic group is prepared in its initial state and then split into the first cold atomic group and the second cold atomic group using the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers.

[0029] It should be noted that the initial cold atom cluster refers to an aggregate of atoms at an ultracold temperature, pre-prepared using techniques such as laser cooling and evaporative cooling. The atoms within this cluster move at extremely low speeds, providing a foundation for subsequent quantum coherent manipulation. Initial state preparation is a crucial quantum state initialization process, which specifically involves preparing all atoms in the cold atom cluster to the same, specific internal energy state and external momentum state. For example, atoms can be prepared to a specific hyperfine ground state using optical pumping and microwave or radio frequency transitions. Then, a set of opposing laser pulses, such as Raman pulses or Bragg pulses, is used to bring all atoms to the same momentum state, thereby forming a spatially localized, narrowly momentum-distributed coherent atomic wave packet, creating the necessary conditions for high-contrast interference.

[0030] It should be noted that optical tweezers are devices that use a highly focused laser beam to form a three-dimensional optical potential trap to capture and manipulate neutral particles, such as atoms, molecules, or dielectric spheres. The basic principle is that the electric field of the laser induces an electric dipole moment in the atoms, which interacts with the electric field gradient to generate a dipole force, thereby confining the atoms near the focal point of the beam. In this application, the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers refer to two spatially independent or independently controllable highly focused laser beams. They can be generated by two independent laser systems, or they can be formed by the same laser source outputting light, splitting it, independently controlling it, and then focusing it through different objectives.

[0031] Understandably, beam splitting here specifically refers to the process of physically separating and loading initial cold atom clusters that are initially in the same spatial position into two spatially separable optical potential traps, namely the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers, to form the first and second cold atom clusters. This process achieves spatial path separation of atomic matter waves, similar to the function of a beam splitter in a traditional optical interferometer, but acting on atomic matter waves.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, step S10 includes: aligning the central optical axes of the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers to form a potential well, and loading an initial cold atom cluster into the potential well for initial state preparation; controlling the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers to move adiabatically along the two sides of the aligned central optical axis to coherently split the initial cold atom cluster, thereby obtaining the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster; controlling the first optical tweezers to guide the first cold atom cluster to the starting point of the first preset tightly wound path, and controlling the second optical tweezers to guide the second cold atom cluster to the starting point of the second preset tightly wound path.

[0033] Understandably, precisely aligning the central optical axes of the first and second optical tweezers means that the propagation axes of the two laser beams used to form the optical tweezers are completely aligned in space. This allows them to be focused by the same high numerical aperture objective lens, forming a spatially overlapping, single, composite optical potential well in the vicinity of the focal point. This operation can be achieved by precisely adjusting the optical elements that point the beams. Subsequently, an initial cold atomic cluster is loaded into this coincident potential well. This cluster can be pre-prepared and transferred into the optical tweezers potential well using a magneto-optical trap under background pressure and polarization gradient cooling. After loading, the atomic cluster is prepared in its initial state within the coincident potential well. This process typically involves initializing the atoms to a specific internal energy state, such as a ground state, using microwaves or Raman light, and optionally further reducing the atomic temperature through short-term additional cooling, such as evaporative cooling, to improve their coherence.

[0034] Understandably, the process of performing coherent beam splitting involves controlling the beams of the first and second optical tweezers to move adiabatically along opposite sides of the coincident central optical axis. Adiabatic movement here specifically refers to a sufficiently slow movement speed so that the atomic wave packet remains in the instantaneous ground state of the moving optical potential well, thus avoiding excitation to higher vibrational energy levels and maximizing the coherence of the atoms. This movement can be dynamically changed by programming an acousto-optic deflector or a spatial light modulator to alter the beam propagation direction, thereby moving the focused spot's position in space. Alternatively, it can be achieved by precisely moving a mechanical translation stage that carries the optical components.

[0035] Understandably, during the adiabatic movement, the single atomic cluster initially located in the coinciding potential well is physically and gently divided into two parts as the two optical tweezer potential wells gradually separate spatially, and each part is confined to the potential well center of the first and second optical tweezers, respectively. This process preserves the quantum state coherence of the atoms, hence it is called coherent beam splitting, thereby obtaining the spatially separated first and second cold atomic clusters.

[0036] It should be noted that, in order to guide the two atomic clusters to the starting position of the interference path, the first optical tweezers must be controlled to guide the first cold atomic cluster to the starting point of the first preset tightly wound path, and the second optical tweezers must be controlled to guide the second cold atomic cluster to the starting point of the second preset tightly wound path. Guiding refers to the continuous and controlled movement of the spatial position of the optical tweezers' potential trap to pull the bound cold atomic clusters into synchronous motion. This can also be achieved by rapidly and precisely modulating the beam direction using the aforementioned acousto-optic deflector, spatial light modulator, or electro-optic deflector.

[0037] Understandably, the starting point of the pre-defined tightly wound path is a pre-set, complex winding path, such as a spiral or square loop, with its initial coordinates in space. By guiding the two atomic clusters to the starting points of their respective paths, preparation is made for subsequent independent, non-overlapping path evolution. Optionally, after moving to the path starting point, the spatial size of the atomic clusters can be further compressed by briefly increasing the depth of the optical tweezers potential trap, thus optimizing their initial wave packet state.

[0038] Step S20: Control the first optical tweezers to guide the first cold atom cluster to move along the first preset tightly wound path, and control the second optical tweezers to guide the second cold atom cluster to move along the second preset tightly wound path, wherein the first preset tightly wound path and the second preset tightly wound path do not overlap.

[0039] In this step, guidance refers to actively and in real-time adjusting the positions of the optical potential wells formed by the first and second optical tweezers in space, causing them to move along a predetermined spatiotemporal trajectory, thereby guiding the cold atom clusters bound in their respective potential wells to move synchronously. The core of this control process lies in the rapid and precise modulation of the propagation direction or wavefront of the laser beam forming the optical tweezers. A typical implementation method is to use an acousto-optic deflector: by applying a radio frequency signal with a specific time-varying frequency to the transducer of the acousto-optic deflector, the diffraction angle of the laser beam can be continuously changed, thereby causing the light spot focused by the objective lens to move along a designed path within the focal plane. As alternative device options, electro-optic deflectors, high-speed galvanometers, or liquid crystal-based spatial light modulators can also be used to achieve programmable control of the beam direction or focal position.

[0040] Based on the foregoing, a pre-designed tightly wound path refers to a spatial trajectory with a complex geometric shape, pre-calculated and set according to measurement sensitivity and system spatial constraints before the start of the interference process. The characteristic of this path is its tightly wound nature; that is, within a limited three-dimensional spatial volume, the path recurs or spirals as many times as possible to increase the effective propagation distance of atoms, thereby amplifying the accumulated phase. The specific path shape can be a planar or three-dimensional spiral, zigzag line, square loop, or a combination thereof. The first and second pre-designed tightly wound paths can be geometrically identical or different, but their spatial arrangement must satisfy the condition of non-overlapping.

[0041] It is important to clarify that non-overlapping means that the spatial trajectories traversed by the first cold atom cluster (i.e., the first pre-designed tightly wound path) and the second cold atom cluster (i.e., the second pre-designed tightly wound path) have no physical intersections or shared segments. This design requirement can be achieved by placing the two paths in different spatial regions during path planning. For example, two spirals arranged side-by-side, or by offsetting them in height (Z direction). Ensuring non-overlapping paths is crucial, as it fundamentally prevents atom-to-atom collisions or coupling through long-range interactions from occurring when the two atom clusters are too close together during movement. These interactions introduce uncontrollable phase noise and lead to quantum decoherence, severely reducing the contrast and measurement accuracy of the interference signal. The non-overlapping path design, combined with the strong confinement of atoms by optical tweezers, provides a highly isolated evolutionary environment for the two atomic wave packets, which is a key guarantee for achieving long-term coherent evolution and high-sensitivity phase accumulation.

[0042] Therefore, before step S20, it is also necessary to build a first preset tight-wrap path and a second preset tight-wrap path.

[0043] The construction process mainly includes: constructing a dynamic model based on the influence of optical tweezers potential trap movement on the coherence of cold atomic clusters, and defining a loss function based on the scaling factor amplification and the coherence of optical tweezers manipulation; solving the dynamic model and loss function using an optimization control algorithm to generate and optimize the trajectory parameters of two paths, the trajectory parameters including at least the specific shape of the path, the number of detours, and the velocity distribution; and generating a first preset tightly wound path and a second preset tightly wound path based on the trajectory parameters.

[0044] Understandably, the dynamical model is a mathematical-physical model used to describe the evolutionary behavior of cold atomic clusters bound by optical tweezers in a moving potential well. This model must include at least the following key physical elements: the geometry and depth of the optical tweezers potential well, the quantum states of the atoms within the potential well, the movement of the potential well, including translation and acceleration changes that exert non-inertial forces on the atomic wave packet, and the non-adiabatic transitions that may be triggered by changes in the potential well's velocity, acceleration, or jerk. The core objective of the model is to quantify and predict the probability that, given a trajectory, the atomic wave packet will be excited from the potential well's ground state to a higher vibrational energy level; this probability is directly related to the loss of quantum coherence.

[0045] Understandably, the loss function is a scalar function used to evaluate and compare the merits of different candidate paths in numerical optimization. It is typically constructed as a combination of multiple performance metrics. The scaling factor, amplification, is directly related to the sensitivity of the atomic interferometer, and in design, this is reflected in the pursuit of a longer effective interference path length, for example, by increasing the number of tighter wraps or expanding the path spatial scale. The coherence of optical tweezers manipulation is quantified by the coherence preservation degree calculated from the aforementioned dynamic model, such as the ground-state population or wave packet overlap integral. The specific form of the loss function can be, for example, a weighted sum of the negative values ​​of the scaling factor (positively correlated with path length), plus a penalty for the coherence loss term. By adjusting the weights of the terms in the loss function, a trade-off can be made between path length (sensitivity) and coherence preservation.

[0046] It should be noted that optimization control algorithms refer to numerical methods used to automatically search for optimal control, specifically path trajectories. Commonly used algorithms include gradient descent, conjugate gradient, sequential quadratic programming, or reinforcement learning algorithms in machine learning. This algorithm uses the loss function as the optimization objective and the aforementioned dynamic model as constraints. Through iterative calculation, it automatically adjusts the path trajectory parameters to minimize the loss function. These trajectory parameters include at least: the specific shape of the path, such as the radius and pitch of a spiral, or the side length and angular radius of a square loop; the number of loops, i.e., the number of times the path repeats its basic pattern, such as the number of times a spiral completes a turn; and the velocity distribution, which refers to the curve showing the change in velocity of the atomic cluster along the path over time or position. This is crucial for thermal insulation, and it is usually necessary to reduce the velocity in areas of high path curvature to minimize non-adiabatic effects.

[0047] It should be noted that a first and a second preset tightly wound path are generated based on the trajectory parameters. This step converts the set of mathematical parameters output by the optimization algorithm into a sequence of instructions executable by the control system (such as a computer controlling the acousto-optic deflector). Each path is generated as a series of spatial coordinate points (x(t), y(t), z(t)) arranged in time sequence and their corresponding target velocities. When generating the two paths, it is necessary to ensure that their spatial coordinate sequences satisfy the hard constraint of non-overlapping, which is usually considered as a constraint or strong penalty term in the loss function. The two path data files generated in the end will be loaded into the experimental control system to control the motion of the optical tweezers potential trap in real time in step S20.

[0048] Specifically, we can assume that the optical tweezers potential well can be simplified as a moving two-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential well. In this model, the coherence loss of the cold atomic clusters is described by wave packet excitation caused by the non-adiabatic movement of the potential well. The core mechanism of the dynamic model can be described as follows: as the potential well moves with a time-varying velocity v(t) and acceleration a(t), the ground-state population of the atomic wave packet in the potential well evolves over time. A commonly used simplification criterion is that decoherence will occur significantly when the excitation energy caused by the inertial force due to acceleration at the characteristic length scale of the potential well approaches the vibrational energy level spacing of the potential well. Therefore, the model needs to include the natural vibrational frequency ω of the potential well, determined by the beam waist and power of the optical tweezers beam, as well as the kinematic parameters v(t) and a(t).

[0049] Specifically, for optimization, we define a simple loss function L: L=-α (S_area)+β (C1loss+C2loss)+γ P overlap .

[0050] It should be noted that since the equivalent area of ​​the interferometer is determined by the size of the region enclosed by the paths, a tightly wound path can accumulate phase contributions multiple times while maintaining a constant spatial scale, amplifying the scaling factor and thus improving measurement sensitivity. Therefore, S_area is the geometrically closed area enclosed by the two preset paths, α is a positive weighting coefficient, and maximizing the closed area is one of the objectives.

[0051] It should be noted that C1loss and C2loss are measures of the coherence loss of the first and second preset paths. According to the model above, a usable approximation is the time integral of the square of the acceleration at each point on the path, i.e., ∫|a(t)|²dt, because higher acceleration generally leads to more severe non-adiabatic excitation. β is a positive weighting coefficient used to penalize the coherence loss.

[0052] It should be noted that P overlap γ is a penalty term used to ensure that two paths do not overlap. During discretization, the spatial coordinates of corresponding time points on the two paths are examined. In the non-splitting and non-merging regions (i.e., excluding times t=0 and t=end), if the distance between any two points is less than a certain safety threshold, for example, twice the radius of the atomic cluster, a large penalty value is accumulated. γ is a large positive weighting coefficient to ensure that the optimization algorithm prioritizes satisfying the non-overlapping hard constraint.

[0053] Specifically, by using an optimized control algorithm, the path shape can be chosen as a planar Archimedean spiral. To meet the closed-loop requirement of the interferometer, the two paths share the same starting point (x0, y0) and the ending time T that determines the velocity distribution. Each path is also defined by a set of trajectory parameters: the number of spiral coils N, the initial radius R0, and the radius growth rate ΔR.

[0054] Understandably, the specific shape is defined by the parameters (N, R0, ΔR). For example, the polar equation of a path is r(θ) = R0 + (ΔR) / (θ). θ) / (2π), where θ varies from 0 to 2πN. By setting the signs of N for the two paths to opposite, such as one positive and one negative, symmetrical or antisymmetric loops enclosing the area can be naturally formed.

[0055] Understandably, the number of detours is also a parameter N.

[0056] Understandably, the specific velocity distribution can be assumed by assuming the atomic cluster moves along a helical path with a constant angular velocity ω, then ω = 2πN / T. The magnitude of the velocity v increases linearly with the radius r (v = ω). The acceleration *a* includes centripetal acceleration and tangential acceleration (due to the change in radius). The overall velocity and acceleration levels can be adjusted by controlling the total time *T*.

[0057] Specifically, the optimization process using gradient descent is as follows: First, a set of parameters is randomly initialized for the two paths. Then, the loss function L under the current parameters is calculated. The gradient of the loss function L with respect to each parameter, such as N1, T1, N2, T2, ΔR1, and ΔR2, is calculated numerically. Next, these parameters are updated along the gradient descent direction to reduce L. This process is iterated until the loss function converges to a minimum. In this optimization, the penalty term P... overlap This will drive the two spirals to remain spatially separated during the intermediate evolution process (i.e., excluding the vicinity of the start and end points), preventing accidental collisions of atomic clusters.

[0058] Specifically, after optimization, the optimal trajectory parameter set is obtained. Based on these parameters, a specific path coordinate sequence can be generated. For example, for the first preset tightly wound path, discretization is performed with a time step Δt, and the coordinates at each time step t are calculated. i The corresponding spiral angle θ i =ω t i Then according to r i =R0+(ΔR θ i ) / (2π) and x i =x0+r i cos(θ i ), yi =y0+r i sin(θ i Calculate the coordinates. Combine these coordinates with the calculated desired velocity v(t). i Together, arranged in chronological order, this generates the first preset tightly wound path that the control system can directly execute. The second preset tightly wound path is generated in the same way, but using another set of optimized parameters. However, when generating the sequence, it needs to be verified that, except for the starting point splitting time and the ending point merging time, the coordinates of this path maintain a safe distance from the first path at all coordinate points in the intermediate evolution process to satisfy the non-overlapping constraint.

[0059] It should be noted that the generation and optimization of the above paths were completed offline on a computer. In a practical system, the path coordinate sequence can be output by a control card to a device capable of precisely controlling the movement of the light spot, such as the RF driver of the acousto-optic deflector.

[0060] Specifically, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tightly wound path provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 In this process, the tightly wound path obtained by the above construction method can be summarized as follows: the first optical tweezers move along an approximately spiral (or zigzag) tightly wound path, while the second optical tweezers are adjusted to a nearby path that is offset from it, so that an interference loop containing multiple superimposed closed areas is finally formed.

[0061] In addition, a better path design is that the first preset tight-wrap path and the second preset tight-wrap path are mirror symmetrical.

[0062] It should be noted that mirror symmetry is a specific geometric and spatial relationship description, referring to two paths where one path can undergo spatial reflection transformation through a specific plane, called the mirror symmetry plane, and completely coincide with the other path. This symmetry plane is usually chosen as a principal plane in the experimental coordinate system, such as the XY plane, XZ plane, or YZ plane. To achieve this design, during the path construction process, the trajectory parameters solved by the optimization control algorithm will be subject to mirror symmetry constraints. Specifically, when generating the path coordinate sequence, if the YZ plane is chosen as the symmetry plane, and the spatial coordinates of a point on the first path are (x1, y1, z0), then the coordinates of the corresponding time point on the second path will be constrained to (-x1, y1, z0). This means that the two paths maximize the effective area they enclose while ensuring that they are on the same depth of focus plane (Z=z0), thus ensuring that the light field constraints on the atomic cluster are highly consistent. When other planes are used as the symmetry plane, corresponding symmetry transformation forms are required.

[0063] Understandably, employing a mirror-symmetric path design offers several significant technical advantages. The primary advantage lies in its suppression of common-mode noise. In atomic interferometry, many external environmental disturbances (such as slow drift of the background magnetic field, vibration noise, laser phase noise, etc.) have highly correlated effects on two atomic clusters located at different spatial positions, i.e., common-mode noise. When the two paths are strictly mirror-symmetric, the phase drifts generated by these common-mode interferences on both paths theoretically have the same magnitude and sign. In the subsequent beam-combining interferometry step, by extracting the differential phase signals of the two atomic clusters, these common-mode noise components can be effectively canceled, thereby significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the interferometer for measuring target signals (such as gravitational acceleration, rotation, etc.).

[0064] Understandably, from a control and computational perspective, the mirror-symmetric design simplifies the complexity of path planning and manipulation. Only the trajectory parameters of the first path need to be fully optimized and generated; the parameters of the second path can be directly derived through symmetry transformation. This reduces the number of independent optimization variables by half, improving computational efficiency. Although this requires high-precision real-time synchronization capabilities between the two optical tweezers manipulation systems, the natural timing alignment of the two path commands avoids additional timing errors caused by differences in path planning. In practical implementation, generating and controlling the movement of the atomic cluster along the mirror-symmetric path relies on the aforementioned beam pointing control device.

[0065] Step S30: After the first and second cold atomic clusters complete path phase accumulation, they are combined into a bundled cold atomic cluster by the first and second optical tweezers to achieve atomic interference.

[0066] It should be noted that this step is the core of the atomic interference process. The completion of path phase accumulation refers to the accumulation of path-related quantum phases in the matter wave functions of the first and second cold atom clusters, guided by the first and second optical tweezers respectively, along two pre-defined, spatially non-overlapping, closely wound paths, until these phases reach a predetermined evolution value. This phase accumulation primarily originates from the dynamic phase acquired by atoms propagating in inertial fields, such as gravitational, acceleration, or rotational fields; that is, the action integral. Its magnitude is directly related to the displacement, velocity, and force experienced by the atom in the sensitive direction.

[0067] Specifically, when an atomic cluster moves along a given path in an optical tweezers potential trap, its matter wave phase φ is determined by the path integral φ = (1 / The expression ∫Ldt is determined by the condition, where L is the Lagrange quantity. This is the reduced Planck constant. Therefore, two different paths will result in the two atomic groups ultimately producing a phase difference Δφ related to the physical quantity to be measured, such as gravitational acceleration g or rotational speed Ω. This phase difference carries the measurement information.

[0068] Understandably, beam combining is the reverse process of beam splitting. Specifically, it refers to the operation of re-converging and merging the first and second cold atomic clusters, which have been separated in space, into the same spatial location. This is achieved by controlling the first and second optical tweezers, causing their optical potential traps to pull their respective bound atomic clusters along trajectories designed to be roughly opposite to or symmetrical to the movement process after beam splitting in step S20, ultimately causing the two potential traps to completely overlap in space. This process also needs to be adiabatic or carefully designed to maintain atomic coherence.

[0069] Understandably, during this process, two atomic wave packets carrying different phases coherently superimpose. This superposition causes a change in the probability that the atom will eventually be in a specific state. This probability directly depends on the phase difference Δφ between the two, thus realizing the conversion of the phase signal into an observable atomic population signal.

[0070] In one specific embodiment, step S30 includes: controlling the first optical tweezers to guide the first cold atom cluster to the end of the first preset tightly wound path, and controlling the second optical tweezers to guide the second cold atom cluster to the end of the second preset tightly wound path; controlling the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers to perform adiabatic movement along the opposite central optical axis until the potential wells overlap, so that the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster overlap in space to generate a bundled cold atom cluster.

[0071] Understandably, the first optical tweezers guides the first cold atom cluster to the end point of the first preset tightly wound path, and the second optical tweezers guides the second cold atom cluster to the end point of the second preset tightly wound path. Here, the end point refers to a pre-calculated and programmed spatial coordinate point, which is the terminal position of the two preset tightly wound path trajectories. Reaching this end point means that the two cold atom clusters have completely traversed their respective designed spatial paths, completed the entire process of interacting with the physical field to be measured, such as a gravitational field or an inertial force field, and their matter wave function has accumulated the corresponding path-related phase. This movement process is a natural continuation of the path movement in step S20, and is continued by the same beam control system according to the preset trajectory parameters, ensuring that the atom clusters move smoothly and controllably from the last intermediate point of the path to the end point coordinates. During this process, the depth and shape of the optical tweezers potential trap usually need to remain stable to continue confining the atoms and maintaining their quantum state coherence.

[0072] It should be noted that the opposite central optical axis is relative to the initial state during beam splitting in step S10. After beam splitting, the optical axes of the first and second optical tweezers are spatially separated. Moving along the opposite central optical axis here refers to controlling the potential well centers of the two optical tweezers to move towards each other along a virtual straight line connecting their current positions. Their movement trajectory is typically a straight line to ensure the shortest path and simplest control.

[0073] It should be noted that potential well coincidence refers to the precise convergence of the beam focal points of the first and second optical tweezers at the same point in three-dimensional space through the aforementioned adiabatic movements towards each other. This requires extremely high spatial resolution (typically at the nanometer level) and stability in beam pointing control. Coincidence is usually determined by scanning the beam combining parameters and observing the contrast of the atomic interference fringes; alternatively, in a test mode without atomic loading, the focal spot position of the optical tweezers can be calibrated using a high-resolution beam analyzer.

[0074] It should be noted that when the two optical tweezers' potential wells coincide, the two previously confined cold atomic clusters are placed in the same spatial position. At this point, their optical potential wells are the superposition of their potential fields. Subsequently, by slowly reducing the light intensity of one of the optical tweezers until it is completely shut off, or by synchronizing the light intensity of the two optical tweezers, the two atomic clusters are no longer spatially distinguishable within the merged single potential well. In this way, the matter wave packets of the two atomic clusters achieve complete spatial overlap, and they are jointly confined as a single, spatially aligned bundle of cold atomic clusters. This bundle-combining process is the physical prerequisite for atomic interference, providing the spatial conditions for the coherent superposition of two matter waves with different phase differences.

[0075] Understandably, after spatial convergence, the matter wave packets of the two atomic clusters completely overlap in space. Because they accumulated different phases during their separation and evolution phases, they are not simply an addition of atomic numbers, but rather two coherent parts whose matter wave functions undergo linear superposition. This superposition causes the probability of atoms ultimately being in different quantum states to vary cosinely with the phase difference Δφ, which is the atomic interference fringes.

[0076] In one specific implementation, after step S30, the method further includes: acquiring the state information of the synthesized cold atom cluster; and extracting the interference fringe signal and calculating the relative phase difference based on the initial state information of the initial cold atom cluster and the state information of the synthesized cold atom cluster.

[0077] Understandably, obtaining the state information of the synthesized cold atom cluster is for the purpose of reading out the interference signal, i.e., measuring the phase difference Δφ. Typically, a pair of probe laser pulses, such as Raman or Bragg pulses with the same properties as those used in the initial state preparation, are applied immediately after beam combining. The main function of this set of pulses is to map the quantum superposition state determined by the phase difference during beam combining into easily distinguishable observable states (such as different momentum states or internal spin states) based on population differences. Finally, non-destructive detection is performed using state-sensitive methods, such as quantum gas microscopy, to measure the number of atoms in different states. The ratio of these numbers, or the fringe contrast calculated from them, gives the value of cos(Δφ), thus allowing the deduction of the physical quantity to be measured.

[0078] In step S40, during the next atomic interference, the bundled cold atom cluster is used as the initial cold atom cluster, and the initial cold atom cluster is prepared in its initial state. Then, the bundle is split into the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster by the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers.

[0079] It should be noted that step S40 describes the core loop mechanism for achieving continuous and rapid measurements in this method. The following atomic interferometry clarifies that this step is initiated immediately after completing a full interferometric measurement, including steps S10 to S30, in the subsequent measurement cycle. Using the combined cold atom cluster as the initial cold atom cluster is a key design feature for improving the sampling rate. This means that after an interferometric measurement, instead of recooling and capturing new atoms from scratch, the atom cluster that was still trapped in the overlapping optical tweezers potential trap after the previous interferometry and has already been probed is directly used as the starting point for the new round of measurements.

[0080] In addition, before proceeding to the next beam split, the atomic cluster usually needs to undergo a rapid sideband cooling or optical pumping to eliminate the slight heating effect introduced by the probe light and reset the internal states of the atoms, ensuring that the atomic cluster still maintains a sufficiently low temperature and sufficiently high coherence. This is usually achieved through real-time management of the optical tweezers potential trap depth and frequency.

[0081] Understandably, after completing the aforementioned recooling and internal state reset, the physical properties (temperature, internal state purity) of the recovered atomic cluster have been restored to the level required for interferometric measurement, thus logically reconstituted the initial cold atomic cluster described in step S10. Therefore, the system does not need to repeat the process of loading atoms from the magneto-optical trap, but can directly use this as a starting point to immediately connect to step S20, control the optical tweezers to perform beam splitting operation again, and start a new round of interferometric evolution.

[0082] It should be noted that this step, together with the preceding steps, forms a closed measurement loop. Its most significant technical advantage lies in substantially increasing the sampling rate of the atomic interferometer. It eliminates the lengthy preparation time required in traditional methods—which typically occupies a large portion of a single measurement—requiring recapture, cooling, and preparation of atomic clusters in each measurement cycle. This allows measurements to be performed rapidly and continuously, almost back-to-back. Simultaneously, because the atomic clusters are recycled, their overall coherence and positional stability are maintained to some extent, which helps reduce measurement noise between cycles and improves long-term measurement stability. This is a crucial step in achieving high-dynamic, fast-sampling quantum sensing.

[0083] In summary, the above content can be summarized as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the dual-optical tweezers guided atomic interference method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0084] exist Figure 3In the figure, the basic process of continuous measurement of atomic interference guided by dual optical tweezers is as follows: (1) initial state preparation; (2) beam splitting; (3) phase accumulation of interference path; (4) beam combining detection and return. The figure vividly illustrates the basic process of continuous measurement using the same cluster of cold atoms through blue arrows and legends.

[0085] In this embodiment, the sampling rate in an atomic interferometer is typically defined as the number of complete interferometric measurements performed per unit time. However, in traditional atomic interferometers, after each interferometric measurement, the atomic clusters are usually in a free-flying state and have left the interference region, making them unable to participate in subsequent measurements. Therefore, each measurement requires the re-preparation of a cluster of atoms, involving atomic trapping, cooling, and state preparation processes, which are time-consuming and result in a low sampling rate. This application, however, uses optical tweezers to trap and guide the atomic clusters throughout the entire process, ensuring the atoms remain under control throughout the interference. After the interferometric measurement, the atomic clusters are not released or lost but remain in the optical tweezers, allowing for a reset to their initial state and direct entry into the next round of interferometric measurements. This avoids repeating the atomic trapping and cooling steps, shortens the time interval between adjacent interferometric measurements, and thus allows for more interferometric measurements to be performed per unit time, fundamentally improving the sampling rate of the atomic interferometer.

[0086] Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the interference phase to inertial quantities (such as acceleration and rotation) is essentially determined by the area enclosed in spacetime by the two interference paths. This area is the effective spacetime enclosed area formed by the spatial separation and evolution time of the two paths throughout the entire interference process. Therefore, the larger the area, the greater the phase accumulation, and the larger the corresponding scaling factor. Traditional methods for increasing the interference area in atomic interferometers mainly involve increasing the momentum difference obtained when the two atomic clusters are split and increasing the free evolution time. However, this application continuously constrains the atomic motion by applying an external potential field, causing the atoms to evolve along a pre-designed controlled path. By designing the complexity of the path, a larger effective interference area is achieved, thereby improving the scaling factor.

[0087] It should be noted that the aforementioned technical effects rely on the selection and use of two independently controlled optical tweezers. A single optical tweezer cannot simultaneously guide two atomic clusters independently along two non-overlapping paths. In this scheme, the first and second optical tweezers can be independently controlled in space, which is a prerequisite for achieving independent path design, synchronous parallel movement, and ultimately high-precision beam combining. Specifically, the dual optical tweezers provide the necessary physical carrier and control degrees of freedom for the three core steps of beam splitting, guiding along non-overlapping tightly wound paths, and beam combining, thereby simultaneously realizing the advantages of high sampling rate and large scaling factor.

[0088] It should be stated that one of the core concepts of the technical solution provided in this application lies in the cyclical reuse of the same cold atom cluster. Specifically, after a single interferometric measurement is completed, the system does not release or discard the atom cluster, but instead uses optical tweezers to continuously hold it in a controllable trapped state and directly resets and initializes its quantum state, making it immediately usable as the starting point for the next measurement. This single-cluster reuse mechanism fundamentally avoids the time-consuming process of creating and cooling atoms from scratch, which is necessary for each measurement cycle in traditional methods. Thus, it achieves a significant increase in sampling rate without changing the system hardware and atomic resource consumption.

[0089] In particular, this approach differs fundamentally from any other technological concept that requires the pre-preparation and storage of multiple independent atomic clusters for sequential or selective measurement. Instead of compensating for time by increasing the number of spatially parallel atomic clusters, it achieves a tightly integrated measurement chain over time by fundamentally altering the lifecycle and usage of individual atomic clusters. This significantly reduces system complexity and control difficulty, and avoids additional noise introduced by variations in preparation and storage environments among multiple atomic clusters, thus improving the long-term stability and consistency of measurements.

[0090] Ultimately, this application achieves efficient and precise segmentation of the initial cold atomic clusters by employing dual optical tweezers for initial state preparation and beam splitting, providing a stable initial state for subsequent path guidance and reducing the heating and decoherence effects associated with traditional beam splitting methods. Next, by controlling the first and second optical tweezers to guide the two atomic clusters along non-overlapping, pre-defined tightly wound paths, interactions and decoherence caused by path intersections are avoided. Simultaneously, the tightly wound paths extend the movement distance of the atomic clusters, enhancing path phase accumulation and thus improving the sensitivity of interferometric measurements. Subsequently, after the atomic clusters complete phase accumulation, they are combined using optical tweezers to achieve atomic interference. This precise beam combining process ensures the stability and clarity of the interference fringes, improving measurement accuracy. Finally, by using the combined cold atomic cluster as the initial atomic cluster in the next atomic interference and repeating the above process, iterative use of the atomic clusters is achieved, significantly reducing the time required for repeated atomic cluster preparation and effectively improving the sampling rate.

[0091] Compared with existing technologies, these technologies work together to improve the sampling rate and measurement sensitivity while reducing heating and decoherence. This effectively overcomes the technical bottlenecks of current atomic interferometers, such as significant heating effects, short coherence time, and low sampling rate, and significantly enhances the measurement capabilities of atomic interferometers.

[0092] The following describes a dual-optical tweezers-guided atomic interferometer device provided in this application. The dual-optical tweezers-guided atomic interferometer device described below can be referred to in correspondence with the dual-optical tweezers-guided atomic interferometer method described above.

[0093] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-optical-tweezers-guided atomic interferometer provided in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the dual-optical-tweezers-guided atomic interferometer includes, but is not limited to, a control module, a first optical tweezer, a second optical tweezer, and a vacuum and cooling system.

[0094] It should be noted that the vacuum and cooling system is used to provide a vacuum working environment and to prepare the initial cold atomic clusters in their initial state; it typically includes a vacuum chamber, an ion pump, and a laser and magnetic field system to achieve laser cooling, confinement, and initial state preparation.

[0095] It should be noted that the first and second optical tweezers are two independently controllable optical potential wells generated by a single system. Each optical tweezer typically consists of a laser, a beam shaping assembly, a high numerical aperture objective lens, and a beam deflection device (such as an acousto-optic deflector, AOD). Under the command of the control module, they specifically perform beam splitting of the atomic cluster, guiding its movement along a preset non-overlapping path, and finally, beam combining.

[0096] It should be noted that the control module is communicatively connected to the vacuum and cooling system, the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers, and the detection and imaging system. Its function is to execute all the steps of the aforementioned method: control the cooling and initial state preparation process; send precise timing and trajectory signals to the optical tweezers system to achieve atom beam splitting, path guidance and beam combining; and process the final interference signal to obtain measurement results.

[0097] It is understood that the detailed functional implementation of each of the above units / modules can be found in the description in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0098] It should be understood that the above-described device is used to execute the methods in the above embodiments. The implementation principle and technical effect of the corresponding program modules in the device are similar to those described in the above methods. The working process of the device can be referred to the corresponding process in the above methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0099] Based on the methods in the above embodiments, please refer to Figure 5This application provides an electronic device that may include a processor, a communications interface, a memory, and a communication bus. The processor, communications interface, and memory communicate with each other via the communication bus. The processor can invoke logical instructions stored in the memory to execute the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0100] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0101] Based on the methods in the above embodiments, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to execute the methods in the above embodiments.

[0102] Based on the methods in the above embodiments, this application provides a computer program product that, when run on a processor, causes the processor to execute the methods in the above embodiments.

[0103] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0104] The method steps in this application embodiment can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC.

[0105] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted through the computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0106] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are for descriptive convenience only and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for atomic interference guided by dual optical tweezers, characterized in that, include: The initial cold atom clusters are prepared in their initial state, and then split into the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster using the first and second optical tweezers. The first optical tweezers are controlled to guide the first cold atom cluster to move along a first preset tightly wound path, and the second optical tweezers are controlled to guide the second cold atom cluster to move along a second preset tightly wound path, wherein the first preset tightly wound path and the second preset tightly wound path do not overlap. After the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster complete path phase accumulation, they are combined into a bundled cold atom cluster by the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers to achieve atomic interference. In the next atomic interference, the bundled cold atom cluster is used as the initial cold atom cluster, and the initial cold atom cluster is prepared in its initial state. Then, the bundle is split into the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster by the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers.

2. The atomic interference method based on dual optical tweezers guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The initial cold atom clusters are prepared in their initial state and then split into first and second cold atom clusters using first and second optical tweezers, including: The central optical axes of the first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers are aligned to form a potential well, and an initial cold atom cluster is loaded into the potential well for initial state preparation. The first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers are controlled to move adiabatically along the two sides of the coincident central optical axis, so that the initial cold atom clusters undergo coherent beam splitting to obtain the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster. The first optical tweezers are controlled to guide the first cold atom cluster to the starting point of the first preset tightly wound path, and the second optical tweezers are controlled to guide the second cold atom cluster to the starting point of the second preset tightly wound path.

3. The atomic interference method based on dual optical tweezers guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the first and second preset tight-wrap paths includes: A dynamic model is constructed based on the effect of optical tweezers potential trap movement on the coherence of cold atom clusters, and a loss function is defined based on the scaling factor amplification and the coherence of optical tweezers manipulation. The dynamic model and the loss function are solved using an optimization control algorithm to generate and optimize the trajectory parameters of the two paths. The trajectory parameters include at least the specific shape of the path, the number of detours, and the velocity distribution. The first preset tight-loop path and the second preset tight-loop path are generated based on the trajectory parameters.

4. The atomic interference method based on dual optical tweezers guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset tightly wound path and the second preset tightly wound path are mirror images of each other.

5. The atomic interference method based on dual optical tweezers guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the first and second cold atom clusters complete path phase accumulation, they are combined into a single bundle using the first and second optical tweezers to achieve atomic interference. This is followed by: Obtain the state information of the synthesized cold atomic clusters; Based on the initial state information of the initial cold atom clusters and the state information of the synthesized cold atom clusters, interference fringe signals are extracted and the relative phase difference is calculated.

6. The atomic interference method based on dual optical tweezers guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the first and second cold atom clusters complete path phase accumulation, they are combined into a bundled cold atom cluster using the first and second optical tweezers, including: The first optical tweezers are controlled to guide the first cold atom cluster to the end of the first preset tightly wound path, and the second optical tweezers are controlled to guide the second cold atom cluster to the end of the second preset tightly wound path. The first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers are controlled to move adiabatically along the opposite central optical axis until the potential wells coincide, so that the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster overlap in space to generate a bundled cold atom cluster.

7. A dual-optical tweezers guided atomic interferometer, characterized in that, include: Control module, first optical tweezers, second optical tweezers, and vacuum and cooling system; The vacuum and cooling system is used to provide a vacuum working environment and to prepare the initial cold atomic clusters in their initial state. The first optical tweezers and the second optical tweezers are used, under the control of the control module, to perform beam splitting operation, guiding and moving the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster, and beam combining operation of the first cold atom cluster and the second cold atom cluster. The control module is communicatively connected to the vacuum and cooling system, the first optical tweezers, and the second optical tweezers, respectively, and is used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes memory and one or more processors; The memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions; The one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that: When the instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device causes the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that: When the computer program or instructions are run on an electronic device, the electronic device causes the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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