A technical method for improving ecological restoration effect of degenerated desert steppe

Abstract

This invention provides a technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe, relating to the field of ecological environment and grassland ecological restoration and management technology. The method includes implementing engineering sand fixation operations within corresponding degraded zoning units according to the engineering sand fixation scheme, and solidifying the results of the engineering sand fixation operations into engineering base state parameters that can be used for subsequent biological restoration. This method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe involves dividing degraded desert steppe areas into grids, combining multiple indicators such as vegetation, soil, and wind erosion, and performing degradation type determination and spatial difference analysis on each division unit to generate degraded zoning units. Pre-set classification rules and spatial difference parameters accurately identify degradation types and their spatial distribution differences, and formulate specific restoration prescription schemes for each area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment and grassland ecological restoration and management technology, specifically a technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert grasslands. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of degraded desert steppe ecological restoration, existing technologies typically employ a comprehensive approach focused on reducing human disturbance and promoting vegetation reconstruction. This involves two main strategies: firstly, promoting natural restoration through management measures such as fencing off grazing areas, rotational grazing, and livestock carrying capacity control; secondly, enhancing vegetation establishment and community stability through biological measures like reseeding, mixed seeding, and replanting shrubs and grasses, supplemented by engineering sand-fixing methods such as sand barriers, grass checkerboard structures, and micro-topography modifications to improve the near-situ wind and sand environment; and thirdly, implementing water and soil regulation measures such as water conservation, soil improvement, and nutrient replenishment to improve soil physical and chemical conditions. For evaluating restoration effectiveness, vegetation cover, species diversity index, and soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and moisture content are commonly used as monitoring indicators. The effectiveness of windbreak and sand fixation can be characterized by measuring wind speed, calculating sediment transport rate, and assessing sand-blocking effects.

[0003] Although the above measures are relatively common, they still have obvious shortcomings in the context of degraded desert steppe: existing solutions are often based on experience and general configurations, lacking zonal diagnosis and prescription matching for different degradation types and spatial differences, and there is a lack of an executable synergistic closed loop between engineering sand fixation and biological restoration, which easily leads to the problem of short-term effectiveness followed by repeated degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert grasslands. The technical problem this invention aims to solve is: how to address the lack of specificity and sustainability in the restoration of degraded desert grasslands in existing technologies through grid-based division, generation of restoration plans using a prescription rule base, and a collaborative closed-loop mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert grasslands, comprising: S1. Grid the degraded desert steppe area to be restored, obtain the vegetation index, soil index and wind and sand process index of each division unit, and determine the degradation type and spatial difference parameters corresponding to each division unit according to the preset classification judgment rules. Associate each division unit with the corresponding degradation type and spatial difference parameters to obtain the corresponding degradation partition unit. S2. Based on the degradation type and the spatial difference parameters, a preset prescription rule base is called to generate a corresponding repair prescription scheme for each degradation partition unit. The repair prescription scheme includes an interrelated engineering sand fixation scheme and a biological restoration sub-scheme, and executable parameter sets and collaborative constraint rules are given for the engineering sand fixation scheme and the biological restoration sub-scheme, respectively. S3. Implement engineering sand fixation operations in the corresponding degraded zone unit according to the engineering sand fixation scheme, and solidify the implementation results of the engineering sand fixation operations into engineering base state parameters that can be used for subsequent biological restoration; S4. Based on the biological restoration sub-scheme, and under the condition of satisfying the synergistic constraint rules, biological restoration operations are carried out in the corresponding degraded zoning unit according to the engineering base state parameters, so as to achieve synergistic construction of engineering sand fixation and biological restoration; S5. Monitor the repair effectiveness of each degraded partition unit within the preset monitoring period, obtain the effectiveness evaluation index corresponding to the repair prescription scheme, and compare the effectiveness evaluation index with the preset trigger threshold. When the trigger threshold is met, update the parameter group and the collaborative constraint rule according to the preset closed-loop adjustment rule, generate the updated repair prescription scheme, and return to execute S3 and S4 until each degraded partition unit reaches the preset repair target value.

[0006] Preferably, the gridding uses a square grid with a side length of 200m-300m.

[0007] Preferably, the vegetation indicators include vegetation cover, aboveground biomass, and average plant height. The vegetation cover is obtained by visual inspection of quadrats or image classification. The aboveground biomass is obtained by conversion through quadrat harvesting and weighing. The average plant height is obtained by averaging the values ​​measured at quadrat points. The soil indicators include soil moisture content in the 0cm-30cm depth range, soil pH, and soil electrical conductivity. The soil moisture content is a comprehensive characterization value obtained by weighting the values ​​according to the layer thickness after stratified measurement.

[0008] Preferably, the wind and sand process indicators include the average wind speed at a height of 2m and the sand transport rate. The sand transport rate is calculated by converting the amount of sand intercepted per unit time and per unit width obtained by the wind and sand sampling device within a preset sampling period, and is obtained synchronously with the average wind speed at a height of 2m during the same monitoring period.

[0009] Preferably, the classification and determination rules determine the degradation type based on a combination of thresholds. These rules include: when the vegetation cover is less than 15% and the sediment transport rate is not less than 0.05 kg / (m·s), it is classified as wind erosion and sandification degradation; when the soil moisture content index at depths of 0-30 cm is less than 6%, it is classified as water-limiting degradation; when the soil electrical conductivity is not less than 4 dS / m and the soil pH is not less than 8.5, it is classified as salinity-limiting degradation; when the vegetation cover is between 15% and 35% and the aboveground biomass is not greater than 150 g / m³, it is classified as degradation. 2 At that time, it was determined to be vegetation degradation type degradation.

[0010] Preferably, the spatial difference parameter is a set of parameters reflecting the difference between the division unit and the neighborhood range. The neighborhood range is determined with the division unit as the center and the radius is 1 to 3 times the side length of the grid. The spatial difference parameter includes vegetation cover difference level and sediment transport rate difference level. Each difference level is divided into three levels: higher than the neighborhood mean, close to the neighborhood mean, and lower than the neighborhood mean. The allowable deviation range corresponding to the close to the neighborhood mean is ±10% of the neighborhood mean.

[0011] Preferably, the prescription rule base includes multiple prescription rule entries. Each prescription rule entry includes a degradation type identifier and a corresponding spatial difference parameter range for limiting the scope of application, as well as a prescription output corresponding to the scope of application. The prescription output includes interrelated engineering sand fixation schemes and corresponding engineering sand fixation scheme parameter sets, biological restoration sub-schemes and corresponding biological restoration sub-scheme parameter sets, and preset collaborative constraint rules for limiting the collaborative relationship between the engineering sand fixation schemes and the biological restoration sub-schemes. The prescription rule entries are matched based on the degradation type and spatial difference parameter range of the degradation partition unit to generate a corresponding repair prescription scheme.

[0012] Preferably, the collaborative constraint rules include activation conditions for the biological restoration sub-scheme. The activation conditions include: after the completion of the engineering sand fixation operation, the near-ground wind speed reduction in the degraded zone unit reaches a preset condition, wherein the preset condition is that the near-ground wind speed after the implementation of the engineering sand fixation operation is not higher than 0.85 times the near-ground wind speed before implementation; after the completion of the engineering sand fixation operation, the surface deposition or burial depth in the degraded zone unit is within the range of 0cm-5cm; the biological restoration sub-scheme is executed only when both of the above activation conditions are met simultaneously.

[0013] Preferably, the engineering sand fixation operation includes setting up straw checkerboard sand barriers, wherein the side length of the checkerboard sand barriers is 0.5m-2.0m, and the angle between the direction of the straw checkerboard sand barriers and the prevailing wind direction is 70°-90°.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring period is 7-30 days, the effectiveness evaluation indicators include vegetation cover and sediment transport rate, and the trigger thresholds include: the increase in vegetation cover is less than 2% within two consecutive monitoring periods; the sediment transport rate is not less than 0.05 kg / (m·s) within one consecutive monitoring period; the update is executed when any trigger threshold is met, and the closed-loop adjustment rules include: increasing the seeding amount of the biological restoration sub-scheme by 10%-50% based on the original parameters, or decreasing the spacing of the grass checkerboard sand barrier in the engineering sand fixation scheme by 10%-40% based on the original parameters.

[0015] This invention provides a technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert grasslands. It has the following beneficial effects: This technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe involves dividing degraded desert steppe areas into grids and combining multiple indicators such as vegetation, soil, and wind erosion to determine the degradation type and analyze spatial differences in each division unit, generating degraded zoning units. Pre-set classification rules and spatial difference parameters accurately identify degradation types and their spatial distribution differences, and formulate specific restoration prescriptions for each region.

[0016] By invoking a prescription rule base, a restoration plan combining engineering sand fixation and biological restoration is generated for each degraded zone unit. Based on collaborative constraint rules, the effective coordination of the two is ensured. After the implementation of engineering sand fixation operations, such as straw checkerboard sand barriers, the synergistic effect of sand fixation and biological restoration is achieved through the control of the activation conditions of the biological restoration plan, thereby improving the overall ecological restoration effectiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gridding and data acquisition process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the degradation type determination process of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the prescription generation and execution process of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic effect of sand fixation and biological restoration in the engineering process of this invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the monitoring and adjustment closed-loop process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert grasslands, including: S1. The degraded desert steppe area to be restored is gridded to obtain vegetation, soil, and wind erosion process indicators for each subdivision unit. Based on preset classification rules, the degradation type and spatial difference parameters corresponding to each subdivision unit are determined. Each subdivision unit is then associated with its corresponding degradation type and spatial difference parameters to obtain the corresponding degradation zoning unit. Square grids are used for gridding, with side lengths of 200m-300m. Vegetation indicators include vegetation cover, aboveground biomass, and average plant height. Vegetation cover is obtained through visual inspection of quadrats or image classification. Aboveground biomass is obtained through quadrat harvesting and weighing conversion. Average plant height is obtained by averaging measurements from quadrat points. Soil indicators include soil moisture content (0cm-30cm), soil pH, and soil electrical conductivity. Soil moisture content is a comprehensive characteristic value obtained by weighting by layer thickness after stratified measurement. The wind and sand process indicators include the average wind speed at a height of 2m and the sand transport rate. The sand transport rate is calculated by converting the amount of sand intercepted per unit time and per unit width obtained by the wind and sand sampling device within a preset sampling period, and is obtained synchronously with the average wind speed at a height of 2m during the same monitoring period. The classification and judgment rules determine the degradation type based on a combination of thresholds. The classification and judgment rules include: when the vegetation cover is less than 15% and the sand transport rate is not less than 0.05 kg / (m·s), it is judged as wind erosion and sandification type degradation; when the soil moisture content index of 0cm-30cm is less than 6%, it is judged as water-limiting type degradation; when the soil electrical conductivity is not less than 4 dS / m and the soil pH is not less than 8.5, it is judged as salinity-limiting type degradation; when the vegetation cover is between 15% and 35% and the aboveground biomass is not greater than 150 g / m², it is judged as water-limiting type degradation. 2 When the vegetation is deemed to be in a degraded state, it is classified as a vegetation degradation type. Spatial difference parameters are a set of parameters reflecting the differences between the division unit and its neighboring area. The neighboring area is determined with the division unit as the center and a radius of 1 to 3 times the side length of the grid. Spatial difference parameters include vegetation cover difference level and sediment transport rate difference level. Each difference level is divided into three categories: higher than the neighboring area mean, close to the neighboring area mean, and lower than the neighboring area mean. The allowable deviation range corresponding to being close to the neighboring area mean is ±10% of the neighboring area mean.

[0020] S2. Based on the degradation type and spatial difference parameters, a pre-defined prescription rule base is invoked to generate a corresponding repair prescription scheme for each degradation partition unit. The repair prescription scheme includes interrelated engineering sand fixation schemes and biological restoration sub-schemes, and provides executable parameter sets and collaborative constraint rules for the engineering sand fixation schemes and biological restoration sub-schemes respectively. The prescription rule base includes multiple prescription rule entries. Each prescription rule entry includes a degradation type identifier and a corresponding spatial difference parameter range to limit the scope of application, as well as a prescription output corresponding to the scope of application. The prescription output includes interrelated engineering sand fixation schemes and their corresponding engineering sand fixation scheme parameter sets, biological restoration sub-schemes and their corresponding biological restoration sub-scheme parameter sets, and pre-defined collaborative constraint rules to limit the collaborative relationship between the engineering sand fixation schemes and biological restoration sub-schemes. Based on the degradation type and spatial difference parameter range of the degradation partition unit, the prescription rule entries are matched to generate the corresponding repair prescription scheme. The collaborative constraint rules include the activation conditions for the bioremediation sub-scheme. These conditions include: after the completion of engineering sand fixation operations, the near-surface wind speed reduction within the degraded zoning unit reaches a preset condition, which is that the near-surface wind speed after the engineering sand fixation operations is no higher than 0.85 times the near-surface wind speed before implementation. After the completion of engineering sand fixation operations, the surface sedimentation or burial depth within the degraded zoning unit is within the range of 0cm-5cm. The bioremediation sub-scheme is executed only when both of the above activation conditions are met simultaneously.

[0021] S3. Implement engineering sand fixation operations within the corresponding degraded zone unit according to the engineering sand fixation plan, and solidify the results of the engineering sand fixation operations into engineering base state parameters that can be used for subsequent biological restoration. The engineering sand fixation operations include setting up straw checkerboard sand barriers, with the side length of the checkerboard sand barriers ranging from 0.5m to 2.0m, and the angle between the row direction of the straw checkerboard sand barriers and the prevailing wind direction ranging from 70° to 90°.

[0022] S4. Based on the biological restoration sub-scheme, and under the condition of satisfying the synergistic constraint rules, biological restoration operations are carried out in the corresponding degraded zoning units according to the engineering base state parameters, so as to achieve synergistic construction of engineering sand fixation and biological restoration.

[0023] S5. Monitor the restoration effectiveness of each degraded zone unit within the preset monitoring period, obtain the effectiveness evaluation index corresponding to the restoration prescription scheme, and compare the effectiveness evaluation index with the preset trigger threshold. When the trigger threshold is met, update the parameter group and collaborative constraint rules according to the preset closed-loop adjustment rules, generate the updated restoration prescription scheme, and return to execute S3 and S4 until each degraded zone unit reaches the preset restoration target value. The monitoring period is 7-30 days. The effectiveness evaluation index includes vegetation cover and sediment transport rate. The trigger thresholds include: the increase in vegetation cover is less than 2% within two consecutive monitoring periods. The sediment transport rate is not less than 0.05 kg / (m·s) within one consecutive monitoring period. When any trigger threshold is met, an update is executed. The closed-loop adjustment rules include: increasing the seeding amount of the biological restoration sub-scheme by 10%-50% based on the original parameters, or decreasing the spacing of the grass checkerboard sand barrier in the engineering sand fixation scheme by 10%-40% based on the original parameters.

[0024] This invention combines gridding with degradation type and spatial difference parameters to ensure that the restoration plan for each degradation unit is highly targeted, thereby improving restoration efficiency. Based on effectiveness evaluation and trigger thresholds, closed-loop adjustments are implemented to allow the restoration plan to adapt to environmental changes in real time, ensuring that the desired results are achieved. The synergistic constraints between engineering sand fixation and biological restoration operations ensure that both are carried out in an orderly manner, improving the stability of the restoration effect. Monitoring key indicators such as vegetation cover and sediment transport rate, and adjusting the plan according to trigger thresholds, guarantees the restoration effect. Specific restoration plans are designed for different degradation types to improve the success rate of restoration and reduce the uncertainty of the effect.

[0025] Example 2 This embodiment is a technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe. Through precise grid division and data collection, combined with engineering sand fixation and biological restoration sub-schemes, it effectively restores degraded desert steppe, increases vegetation coverage, and reduces wind and sand erosion. The specific implementation method is as follows: 1. Mesh Generation This embodiment uses the degraded desert steppe area of ​​Yanchi County in the Ningxia desert steppe region as an example. The 10 square kilometer restoration area is divided into square grids, with each grid having a side length of 200 meters. Therefore, the entire area is divided into multiple grid units, each grid being 40,000 meters in size. 2 Data on vegetation, soil, and wind erosion within each grid cell were collected and recorded, and then comprehensively analyzed in conjunction with spatial information from adjacent grid cells to ensure that the restoration effect of each grid cell was based on verifiable data.

[0026] For each grid cell, a neighborhood range is further determined. The neighborhood range is centered on the grid cell and the radius is set to 1 to 3 times the side length of the grid. This range is used to characterize the influence of surrounding spatial cells on the grid degradation state and repair process.

[0027] Data collection and recording for each grid were completed by a combination of ground surveyors and remote sensing technology, with relevant spatial data being acquired synchronously within the surrounding area. A combination of automated equipment and manual sampling was used to ensure that the restoration effect of each grid was accurately evaluated.

[0028] Specifically, data such as vegetation cover, aboveground biomass, and soil moisture content for each grid cell and its corresponding neighborhood will be gradually displayed in subsequent monitoring to ensure the operability and traceability of the data.

[0029] 2. Data Collection Vegetation index collection: Vegetation cover data collection is based on a random selection quadrat method to ensure coverage of various vegetation types and terrain features. The sampling location for each quadrat is automatically selected by the system and then verified.

[0030] Vegetation cover: Vegetation cover data were obtained through remote sensing image classification technology. In one implementation grid in the Ningxia desert-steppe area, the monitored vegetation cover was 12%.

[0031] Vegetation cover data for each grid consists of at least 5 quadrats, each 1m in size. 2 Measurements were taken to ensure the representativeness of the data.

[0032] Aboveground biomass: Sampling was performed using the quadrat mowing method. In one grid cell selected in this embodiment, the aboveground biomass was measured to be 120 g / m². 2 .

[0033] Average plant height: In the quadrat survey conducted in the Ningxia desert grassland area, the average plant height of the grid was measured to be 22 cm.

[0034] Soil index collection: Soil sampling is conducted in conjunction with seasonal changes, with sampling times in spring and autumn to ensure that indicators such as soil moisture content and electrical conductivity are highly representative.

[0035] Soil moisture content: The soil moisture content in the 0-30cm soil layer of the Ningxia desert grassland area is 5.5%.

[0036] Soil pH: The soil pH value was measured to be 7.8 in soil samples collected from the desert steppe area of ​​Ningxia using a standard pH meter.

[0037] All soil data were collected in the Ningxia desert-steppe region, with sampling depths ranging from 0 to 30 cm. Stratified sampling was employed to ensure accurate assessment of soil quality within each grid. The data collection period was set from the early spring growth stage to the stationary phase, with four sampling points set up for each grid.

[0038] Soil electrical conductivity: According to monitoring conducted in the Ningxia desert-steppe region, the soil electrical conductivity was measured to be 3.2 dS / m.

[0039] Data collection of wind and sand process indicators: Wind speed: According to the meteorological monitoring equipment deployed in the Ningxia desert grassland area, the wind speed at a height of 2m was measured to be 3.5m / s.

[0040] Sand transport rate: A wind and sand sampling device is used, positioned at the center of each grid, to perform hourly sampling to ensure the real-time accuracy of wind speed and sand transport rate data. The accuracy of the wind and sand sampling device has been calibrated annually to ensure accurate and reliable sampling results under different climatic conditions.

[0041] The wind and sand data are updated monthly to ensure that the data within the monitoring period fully reflects the actual situation during the restoration process. The sand transport rate within 1 hour is 0.06 kg / (m·s), and the sand transport rate data is the result obtained during wind and sand monitoring in the Ningxia desert-steppe area.

[0042] Degradation type determination: Based on a vegetation cover of 12% and a sediment transport rate of 0.06 kg / (m·s), the grid cells are determined to be degraded by wind erosion and desertification according to the preset threshold. The threshold includes at least a vegetation cover of less than 20% and a sediment transport rate of more than 0.05 kg / (m·s).

[0043] 3. Prescription matching rules Based on the parameters of wind erosion and desertification degradation and spatial differences, the corresponding restoration scheme is matched from the prescription rule base.

[0044] Repair prescription generation: The matched repair prescriptions include: Engineering sand stabilization solution: Based on engineering experience in controlling wind erosion and desertification in desert steppe areas, grass checkerboard sand barriers were set up. The side length of the grass checkerboard was set to 1.5m, and the row direction formed an angle of about 80° with the prevailing wind direction.

[0045] The specific design of the straw checkerboard sand barrier is based on engineering application practices in wind and sand control in desert steppe areas, and has been verified to be able to mitigate wind and sand erosion through its size and design angle.

[0046] The spacing between the grass checkerboard sand barriers in each grid is 2 meters to ensure optimal sand fixation effect.

[0047] Biological recovery sub-scheme: Select wind-resistant and sand-resistant grassland restoration grass species, such as *Symplocos salsa*, *Isodon japonicus*, *Caragana korshinskii*, and *Pterocarya stenoptera*. Based on their growth characteristics in desert grassland areas, set the sowing rate at 2.5 kg / mu.

[0048] The selection of grass species and the sowing rate were determined based on the ecological adaptability of wind-resistant vegetation in desert steppe areas and combined with previous verification results. Among them, *Salix salsa*, *Isodon mongolica*, *Caragana korshinskii*, and *Cycas revoluta* have strong survival ability and sand-fixing and growth-promoting effects in degraded desert steppe areas. The sowing rate was 2.5 kg / mu, which met the needs of vegetation restoration.

[0049] The seeding rate of grass and the structural parameters of grass checkerboard sand barriers were verified and determined. The spacing and size of the grass checkerboard sand barriers can reduce the intensity of wind and sand transport and provide stable surface conditions for the germination and growth of restoration grass species such as Salix matsudana, Crataegus pinnatifida, Caragana korshinskii, and Echinochloa chinensis.

[0050] 4. Collaborative Constraint Rules Bioremediation initiation conditions: Near-surface wind speed must be reduced to below 85% of pre-implementation levels, i.e., wind speed must be reduced to 2.98 m / s. Surface sediment depth must be within the range of 0-5 cm, set based on empirical data.

[0051] Monitoring of all activation conditions is conducted through the installation of automated meteorological and ground sampling equipment. Wind speed is monitored by data provided from a meteorological monitoring tower, and deposition depth is measured by a dedicated deposition depth sounder to ensure accurate monitoring of the achievement of activation conditions.

[0052] The technical specifications of the wind speed monitoring tower include a high-precision wind speed sensor with a sampling frequency of once per second to ensure real-time data updates. The sedimentation depth measuring instrument is an automated device with a depth accuracy of 0.1 cm, guaranteeing the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring.

[0053] The data will be uploaded to the central database periodically after each repair operation to facilitate timely adjustments to the repair strategy.

[0054] 5. Implementation Results Under the same quadrat layout and monitoring methods as described above, 7 days after the first phase of remediation was implemented: Vegetation coverage increased to 18%, and aboveground biomass reached 160 g / m³. 2 The data comes from the monitoring results of each grid quadrat.

[0055] Monitoring data were measured in five quadrats within each grid and recorded and compiled by ecological monitoring personnel within the implementation area. The vegetation cover and aboveground biomass increases in each grid met restoration expectations. Specific monitoring results will be detailed in periodic reports to ensure gradual tracking and evaluation of effectiveness.

[0056] The sand transport rate was reduced to 0.04 kg / (m·s), and the wind speed was reduced to 3.1 m / s. Based on the comparison with meteorological and sandstorm monitoring data, the initial restoration target was achieved.

[0057] The biological restoration effect is significant, the grass seeds are growing well, and the vegetation cover is gradually recovering.

[0058] The results of the first phase of monitoring showed that the vegetation cover increased by 6%, exceeding the minimum requirement of 5% for restoration, and the aboveground biomass increased by 33%, which met the expected restoration effect.

[0059] Through the above steps, the monitoring data of the first phase showed that vegetation cover, aboveground biomass, sediment transport rate and wind speed all reached or exceeded the expected restoration targets, proving the effectiveness of the restoration plan and providing reliable data support and improvement directions for subsequent restoration work.

[0060] Example 3 This embodiment is based on technical methods to improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert steppes. By implementing engineering sand fixation and biological restoration measures, it enhances the ecological restoration effect of degraded desert steppes, reduces wind erosion, and increases vegetation cover. The specific implementation method is as follows: 1. Implementation of engineering sand fixation operations Implementation area: A typical degraded area located in the Ningxia desert grassland region was selected as the implementation area. The area contains one or more grid units that are identified as wind erosion and sandification type degraded. The overall characteristics are high wind speed, low soil moisture content and low vegetation coverage.

[0061] Assignment content: According to the restoration prescription plan, grass checkerboard sand barriers were set up in the grid units that were determined to be degraded by wind erosion and sandification. The side length of the grass checkerboard sand barriers was set to 1.5m, and the row direction formed an angle of about 85° with the prevailing wind direction.

[0062]

[0063] Data sources and support: Wind speed monitoring: The near-ground wind speed before and after the implementation was monitored by wind speed monitoring equipment. The near-ground wind speed before the implementation was 4.5 m / s, and the wind speed dropped to 3.8 m / s after the sand fixation operation was implemented.

[0064] The wind speed changes met the preset conditions for initiating biorecovery, namely, the near-ground wind speed decreased to below 85% of its pre-implementation level. The above monitoring data were obtained through on-site monitoring.

[0065] Surface sediment depth: After the engineering sand fixation operation was completed, the surface sediment depth was measured using a surface sediment depth measuring device. The surface sediment depth was 3cm, which meets the set requirement of a sediment depth range of 0-5cm. The data was obtained through on-site testing.

[0066] Results: After the sand fixation operation was completed, wind and sand erosion was effectively suppressed, creating favorable surface environmental conditions for subsequent biological restoration operations.

[0067] 2. Implementation of bioremediation operations Implementation Area: Bioremediation operations will be carried out within grid units that meet the conditions for initiating bioremediation. These grid units have low soil moisture content and low vegetation coverage, making them suitable for bioremediation measures.

[0068] Assignment content: According to the biological restoration sub-scheme, drought-resistant and wind-resistant grass species suitable for the restoration of desert steppe wind erosion and desertification areas are selected for sowing. In this embodiment, the restoration grass species are selected from one or more of the following: Salt Lake Sand Grass, Mongolian Ice Grass, Flower Caragana, and Yangchai, with a sowing rate of 2.5 kg / mu.

[0069] Data sources and support: Soil moisture monitoring: Soil moisture was monitored on-site before and after sowing using a handheld soil moisture meter. 14 days after sowing, the surface soil moisture increased from 20% to 35%.

[0070] Grass seed growth: Within two months of sowing, vegetation cover will be surveyed at regional monitoring points, with the expectation that vegetation cover will increase from the original 10% to 20%. Grass seed growth will be assessed through on-site monitoring.

[0071] Execution conditions: After the sand fixation operation was completed, the near-ground wind speed was monitored and found to have decreased to 3.8 m / s, meeting the initiation conditions for bioremediation. The surface sedimentation depth was 3 cm, and the surface soil moisture was suitable for grass seed germination and growth, making it suitable for grass seed sowing. The above monitoring results indicate that the environmental conditions met the initiation criteria for bioremediation operations.

[0072] 3. Monitoring and Closed-Loop Adjustment of Repair Effectiveness Monitoring period: set at 14 days to conduct phased assessments of the repair effectiveness.

[0073] Monitoring data: Vegetation cover: Through a combination of quadratic sampling and remote sensing monitoring, vegetation cover increased from 10% to 12.5% ​​after the first cycle, an increase of 2.5%.

[0074] Sand transport rate: Monitoring was conducted using a wind and sand sampling device. The monitoring results showed that the sand transport rate decreased from 0.06 kg / (m·s) to 0.03 kg / (m·s).

[0075] Closed-loop adjustment: According to the closed-loop adjustment rules of the restoration plan, when the increase in vegetation cover approaches the preset threshold, the biological restoration parameters are optimized and adjusted.

[0076] Vegetation cover is expected to increase further in the next cycle.

[0077] Second phase monitoring: The results of the second phase of monitoring showed that vegetation cover increased from 12.5% ​​to 15%, and the sediment transport rate decreased to 0.02 kg / (m·s).

[0078] According to the restoration goals, the vegetation coverage increased to 15%, a 50% increase from the initial 10%, and wind and sand erosion in the area was significantly reduced, with the sand transport rate decreasing from 0.06 kg / (m·s) to 0.02 kg / (m·s), and the vegetation grew well.

[0079] Monitoring data shows that the effect of wind and sand control has been continuously optimized, and the vegetation coverage rate has reached the expected target.

[0080] In summary, this embodiment improved the ecological environment of degraded desert steppe through the installation of straw checkerboard sand barriers and bioremediation operations. Monitoring data showed that wind speed decreased to the expected target, surface deposition depth met standards, and soil moisture and vegetation cover significantly increased. By adjusting the closed-loop system and increasing the seeding rate for bioremediation operations, vegetation restoration was promoted, ultimately achieving effective control of wind and sand erosion and increased vegetation coverage, thus meeting the predetermined restoration goals.

[0081] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert grassland, characterized in that, include: S1. Grid the degraded desert steppe area to be restored, obtain the vegetation index, soil index and wind and sand process index of each division unit, and determine the degradation type and spatial difference parameters corresponding to each division unit according to the preset classification judgment rules. Associate each division unit with the corresponding degradation type and spatial difference parameters to obtain the corresponding degradation partition unit. S2. Based on the degradation type and the spatial difference parameters, a preset prescription rule base is called to generate a corresponding repair prescription scheme for each degradation partition unit. The repair prescription scheme includes an interrelated engineering sand fixation scheme and a biological restoration sub-scheme, and executable parameter sets and collaborative constraint rules are given for the engineering sand fixation scheme and the biological restoration sub-scheme, respectively. S3. Implement engineering sand fixation operations in the corresponding degraded zone unit according to the engineering sand fixation scheme, and solidify the implementation results of the engineering sand fixation operations into engineering base state parameters that can be used for subsequent biological restoration; S4. Based on the biological restoration sub-scheme, and under the condition of satisfying the collaborative constraint rules, biological restoration operations are carried out in the corresponding degradation zone unit according to the engineering substrate state parameters; S5. Monitor the repair effectiveness of each degraded partition unit within the preset monitoring period, obtain the effectiveness evaluation index corresponding to the repair prescription scheme, and compare the effectiveness evaluation index with the preset trigger threshold. When the trigger threshold is met, update the parameter group and the collaborative constraint rule according to the preset closed-loop adjustment rule, generate the updated repair prescription scheme and return to S3 and S4 until each degraded partition unit reaches the preset repair target value.

2. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gridding uses square grids with side lengths of 200m-300m.

3. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation indicators include vegetation cover, aboveground biomass, and average plant height. The vegetation cover is obtained through visual inspection or image classification of quadrats. The aboveground biomass is obtained by conversion through quadrat harvesting and weighing. The average plant height is obtained by averaging the values ​​measured at quadrat points. The soil indicators include soil moisture content in the 0cm-30cm depth range, soil pH, and soil electrical conductivity. The soil moisture content is a comprehensive characterization value obtained by weighting the values ​​according to the layer thickness after stratified measurement.

4. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind and sand process indicators include the average wind speed at a height of 2m and the sand transport rate. The sand transport rate is calculated by converting the amount of sand intercepted per unit time and per unit width obtained by the wind and sand sampling device within a preset sampling period, and is obtained synchronously with the average wind speed at a height of 2m during the same monitoring period.

5. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 3, characterized in that: The classification and determination rules determine the degradation type based on a combination of thresholds. These rules include: when vegetation cover is less than 15% and sediment transport rate is not less than 0.05 kg / (m·s), it is classified as wind erosion and sandification degradation; when the soil moisture content in the 0cm-30cm depth is less than 6%, it is classified as water-limiting degradation; when soil electrical conductivity is not less than 4 dS / m and soil pH is not less than 8.5, it is classified as salinity-limiting degradation; when vegetation cover is between 15% and 35% and aboveground biomass is not greater than 150 g / m³, it is classified as degradation. 2 At that time, it was determined to be vegetation degradation type degradation.

6. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spatial difference parameters are a set of parameters reflecting the difference between the division unit and the neighborhood range. The neighborhood range is determined with the division unit as the center and the radius is 1 to 3 times the side length of the grid. The spatial difference parameters include vegetation cover difference level and sediment transport rate difference level. Each difference level is divided into three levels: higher than the neighborhood mean, close to the neighborhood mean, and lower than the neighborhood mean. The allowable deviation range corresponding to the close to the neighborhood mean is ±10% of the neighborhood mean.

7. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prescription rule base includes multiple prescription rule entries. Each prescription rule entry includes a degradation type identifier and a corresponding spatial difference parameter range for limiting the scope of application, as well as a prescription output corresponding to the scope of application. The prescription output includes interrelated engineering sand fixation schemes and corresponding engineering sand fixation scheme parameter sets, biological restoration sub-schemes and corresponding biological restoration sub-scheme parameter sets, and preset collaborative constraint rules for limiting the collaborative relationship between the engineering sand fixation schemes and the biological restoration sub-schemes. Based on the degradation type and spatial difference parameter range of the degradation partition unit, the prescription rule entries are matched to generate corresponding repair prescription schemes.

8. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collaborative constraint rules include activation conditions for the biological restoration sub-scheme. The activation conditions include: after the completion of the engineering sand fixation operation, the near-ground wind speed reduction in the degraded zone unit reaches a preset condition, whereby the near-ground wind speed after the engineering sand fixation operation is no higher than 0.85 times the near-ground wind speed before the operation; and after the completion of the engineering sand fixation operation, the surface deposition or burial depth in the degraded zone unit is within the range of 0cm-5cm. The biological restoration sub-scheme is executed only when both of the above activation conditions are met simultaneously.

9. The technical method for improving the ecological restoration effectiveness of degraded desert grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engineering sand fixation operation includes setting up straw checkerboard sand barriers, wherein the side length of the checkerboard sand barriers is 0.5m-2.0m, and the angle between the direction of the straw checkerboard sand barriers and the prevailing wind direction is 70°-90°.

10. A technical method for improving the effectiveness of ecological restoration of degraded desert grassland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring period is 7-30 days. The effectiveness evaluation indicators include vegetation cover and sediment transport rate. The trigger thresholds include: the increase in vegetation cover is less than 2% within two consecutive monitoring periods; the sediment transport rate is not less than 0.05 kg / (m·s) within one consecutive monitoring period. When any trigger threshold is met, the update is executed. The closed-loop adjustment rules include: increasing the seeding amount of the biological restoration sub-scheme by 10%-50% based on the original parameters, or decreasing the spacing of the grass checkerboard sand barrier in the engineering sand fixation scheme by 10%-40% based on the original parameters.

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