Mildewproof anti-diarrhea feed additive, its preparation method and feed

Abstract

The application discloses a feed additive with mildewproof and anti-diarrhea functions, a preparation method of the feed additive and feed, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: modified montmorillonite 48-70 parts, glucomannan 15-25 parts, epsilon-polylysine 12-20 parts, cinnamon extract 8-12 parts, garlicin 6-10 parts, portulaca oleracea extract 4-8 parts, grape seed extract 3-6 parts and chitosan 1.5-2.5 parts. The feed additive with mildewproof and anti-diarrhea functions has high efficient mildewproof and antibacterial effects on feed, can improve the anti-diarrhea effect of animals, and is green and safe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea, its preparation method, and the feed thereof, belonging to the field of feed technology. Background Technology

[0002] In livestock and poultry farming, feed quality and additive selection directly impact animal health, production performance, and food safety. With the rapid development of intensive farming, feed spoilage and animal diarrhea have become serious challenges to the healthy breeding of pigs, cattle, and other livestock and poultry. Nationwide, millions of tons of grain feed become moldy annually, causing severe economic losses. In practice, diarrhea is particularly harmful to young animals; the mortality rate of piglets due to diarrhea exceeds 15%, and the morbidity rate of diarrhea in calves can reach over 30%. Traditional feed additives mainly include antibiotics, zinc oxide, and chemical mold inhibitors. While these additives can improve animal production performance to some extent, they also have limitations such as limited functionality, controversial safety profiles, and heavy environmental burdens. For example, long-term use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance in animals, affecting animal health and food safety. Long-term use of zinc oxide can inhibit the absorption of copper and iron in animals, leading to nutritional antagonism, anemia, rough coat, and stunted growth, thus affecting animal growth. Chemical mold inhibitors may remain in livestock products, and long-term ingestion can cause harm to humans. The use of traditional feed additives may also pollute the environment and is difficult to meet the needs of modern animal husbandry for green, efficient, and comprehensive pest control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] At least to address one of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea, a method for preparing the additive, and the feed thereof. The additive has a highly efficient effect on preventing mold and inhibiting bacteria in feed, and can also improve the anti-diarrheal effect in animals. It is green and safe.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48-70 parts modified montmorillonite, 15-25 parts glucomannan, 12-20 parts ε-polylysine, 8-12 parts cinnamon extract, 6-10 parts allicin, 4-8 parts purslane extract, 3-6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5-2.5 parts chitosan.

[0005] Preferably, the modified montmorillonite is obtained by modifying montmorillonite with diatomaceous earth and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt.

[0006] Preferably, the glucomannan accounts for 32-36% of the mass of the modified montmorillonite.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of glucomannan to ε-polylysine is 1.25:1.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of ε-polylysine to cinnamon extract and allicin is 2:1.5:1.

[0009] Preferably, the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation process of the modified montmorillonite is as follows: montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth are added to an ethanol aqueous solution and stirred for 20-30 minutes to form a uniformly dispersed composite suspension by high-speed homogenization; then, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is dissolved in deionized water to form a 3-5% chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution, which is then added to the composite suspension and ultrasonically treated at 50-60°C. The mixture is then reacted in a high-pressure reactor at 180-200°C for 6-8 hours, cooled, centrifuged, washed, dried, ground, and passed through an 800-1000 mesh sieve to obtain a solid powder, i.e., modified montmorillonite.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 1:0.15~0.25:0.2~0.3.

[0012] Preferably, the high-speed homogenization conditions are: rotation speed 12000~15000rpm, time 10~15min.

[0013] Preferably, the ultrasonic treatment conditions are: power 400~500W, time 2~3h.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for preparing a feed additive that prevents mold and diarrhea, the process of which is as follows: (1) Modified montmorillonite is mixed with glucomannan and granulated to form core particles; (2) Mix ε-polylysine, allicin and cinnamon extract, and spray to form microcapsules; (3) First, microcapsules are coated on the surface of the core particles, then purslane extract and grape seed extract are coated, and finally chitosan is coated to obtain a feed additive that is anti-mold and anti-diarrheal.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for preparing a feed additive that is anti-mold and anti-diarrheal, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix modified montmorillonite with glucomannan, add 10% ethanol solution to wet, and granulate to form core particles; (2) Dissolve ε-polylysine, allicin, and cinnamon extract in 70% ethanol solution to form a mixture, spray dry to form microcapsules; (3) Mix the microcapsules with deionized water and ultrasonically disperse them evenly at a power of 100~150W to form a microcapsule suspension with a concentration of 10~20%; mix the purslane extract and grape seed extract, add a 50% ethanol solution containing surfactant to form an extract emulsion with a concentration of 8~10%; dissolve chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to form a chitosan solution with a concentration of 1~2%; place the core particles in a fluidized bed, vibrate, first introduce hot air at a temperature of 50~60℃, spray the microcapsule suspension onto the surface of the core particles, maintain for 15~20min after spraying, then introduce hot air at a temperature of 30~40℃, spray the extract emulsion, after spraying, evacuate to -0.07~-0.08MPa and maintain for 20~30min, then continue to introduce hot air at a temperature of 30~40℃, spray the chitosan solution, after spraying, introduce hot air at a temperature of 35~45℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive that is anti-mold and anti-diarrheal.

[0016] Preferably, the surfactant is Tween-80.

[0017] Preferably, the surfactant accounts for 0.08~0.12% of the mass of the purslane extract.

[0018] Preferably, the spraying rate of the microcapsule suspension is 0.5~1 ml / min; the spraying rate of the extract emulsion is 0.3~0.5 ml / min; and the spraying rate of the chitosan solution is 0.2~0.4 ml / min.

[0019] Finally, the present invention also discloses a feed for treating diarrheal diseases, prepared by the following method: Mix feed additives containing any of the above-mentioned anti-mold and anti-diarrheal agents with the feed, adding 2-20 kg of feed additives per ton of feed.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive of this invention, with modified montmorillonite and glucomannan forming a physical adsorption layer, ε-polylysine and allicin forming a biological defense layer, and cinnamaldehyde extract and purslane extract providing auxiliary protection, not only enhances the anti-mold and antibacterial effects on feed, but also enhances the anti-diarrheal effect on animals; 2. Through the synergistic combination of glucomannan and ε-polylysine, this invention can enhance the intestinal barrier function, with synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, promoting intestinal repair, reducing growth retardation caused by intestinal diseases, and improving feed conversion rate; 3. Through the synergistic combination of ε-polylysine, cinnamon extract, allicin, purslane extract, and grape seed extract with modified montmorillonite and glucomannan, this invention not only enhances the anti-mold effect of the feed additive on feed, but also increases the feed intake and body size of piglets, and reduces the diarrhea rate of piglets; 4. Through allicin and purslane extract, this invention can improve feed palatability, enhance feed utilization and animal growth performance. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the implementation of this invention. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply.

[0022] Example 1 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts modified montmorillonite, 20 parts glucomannan, 20 parts ε-polylysine, 10 parts cinnamon extract, 8 parts allicin, 4 parts purslane extract, 5 parts grape seed extract, and 2 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is as follows: Step 1, Preparation of modified montmorillonite: Add 50 parts by weight of montmorillonite and 10 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth to 835 parts by weight of 30% ethanol aqueous solution, stir and mix for 20 minutes, and homogenize at high speed at 12000 rpm for 15 minutes to form a uniformly dispersed composite suspension; then dissolve 12.5 parts by weight of hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan in deionized water to form a 4% hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan solution, then add the hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan solution to the composite suspension, sonicate at 55℃ and 400W for 3 hours, then react in a high-pressure reactor at 180℃ for 8 hours, cool, centrifuge, wash, dry, grind, and pass through an 800~1000 mesh sieve to obtain solid powder, i.e., modified montmorillonite; Step 2: Dissolve the above-mentioned parts by weight of ε-polylysine, allicin, and cinnamon extract in 570 parts by weight of 70% ethanol solution to form a mixture, spray dry, and form microcapsules; Step 3: Mix the above microcapsules with deionized water and ultrasonically disperse them evenly at 100W to form a 10% microcapsule suspension; mix purslane extract and grape seed extract, add a 50% ethanol solution containing Tween-80 (Tween-80 mass is 0.1% of the purslane extract mass) to form a 9% extract emulsion; dissolve chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to form a 1% chitosan solution. Step 4: Mix the modified montmorillonite and glucomannan in the above-mentioned weight parts, add 8 parts by weight of 10% ethanol solution to wet, granulate to form core particles, place the core particles in a fluidized bed, vibrate, first introduce hot air at 55℃, spray the microcapsule suspension onto the surface of the core particles at a rate of 0.8 ml / min, maintain for 15 min after spraying, then introduce hot air at 40℃, spray the extract emulsion at a rate of 0.4 ml / min, after spraying, evacuate to -0.08 MPa and maintain for 30 min, then continue to introduce hot air at 40℃, spray chitosan solution at a rate of 0.2 ml / min, after spraying, introduce hot air at 35℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-diarrheal properties.

[0023] Example 2 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62 parts modified montmorillonite, 25 parts glucomannan, 12 parts ε-polylysine, 8 parts cinnamon extract, 10 parts allicin, 6 parts purslane extract, 5 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is as follows: Step 1, the preparation process of modified montmorillonite is the same as in Example 1; Step 2: Dissolve the above-mentioned parts by weight of ε-polylysine, allicin, and cinnamon extract in 450 parts by weight of 70% ethanol solution to form a mixture, spray dry, and form microcapsules; Step 3: Mix the above microcapsules with deionized water and ultrasonically disperse them evenly at a power of 120W to form a 15% microcapsule suspension; mix purslane extract and grape seed extract, add a 50% ethanol solution containing Tween-80 (Tween-80 mass is 0.08% of the purslane extract mass) to form a 10% extract emulsion; dissolve chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to form a 1.5% chitosan solution; Step 4: Mix the modified montmorillonite and glucomannan in the above-mentioned weight parts, add 9.5 parts by weight of 10% ethanol solution to wet, granulate to form core particles, place the core particles in a fluidized bed, vibrate, first introduce hot air at 50℃, spray the microcapsule suspension onto the surface of the core particles at a rate of 0.5 ml / min, maintain for 18 min after spraying, then introduce hot air at 35℃, spray the extract emulsion at a rate of 0.5 ml / min, after spraying, evacuate to -0.075 MPa and maintain for 20 min, then continue to introduce hot air at 35℃, spray chitosan solution at a rate of 0.3 ml / min, after spraying, introduce hot air at 40℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-diarrheal properties.

[0024] Example 3 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts modified montmorillonite, 15 parts glucomannan, 16 parts ε-polylysine, 12 parts cinnamon extract, 6 parts allicin, 8 parts purslane extract, 3 parts grape seed extract, and 2.5 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is as follows: Step 1, the preparation process of modified montmorillonite is the same as in Example 1; Step 2: Dissolve the above-mentioned parts by weight of ε-polylysine, allicin, and cinnamon extract in 450 parts by weight of 70% ethanol solution to form a mixture, spray dry, and form microcapsules; Step 3: Mix the above microcapsules with deionized water and ultrasonically disperse them evenly at 150W to form a 20% microcapsule suspension; mix purslane extract and grape seed extract, add a 50% ethanol solution containing Tween-80 (Tween-80 mass is 0.12% of the purslane extract mass) to form an 8% extract emulsion; dissolve chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to form a 2% chitosan solution; Step 4: Mix the modified montmorillonite and glucomannan in the above-mentioned weight parts, add 14 parts by weight of 10% ethanol solution to wet, granulate to form core particles, place the core particles in a fluidized bed, vibrate, first introduce hot air at 60℃, spray the microcapsule suspension onto the surface of the core particles at a rate of 1ml / min, maintain for 20min after spraying, then introduce hot air at 30℃, spray the extract emulsion at a rate of 0.3ml / min, after spraying, evacuate to -0.07MPa and maintain for 25min, then continue to introduce hot air at 30℃, spray chitosan solution at a rate of 0.4ml / min, after spraying, introduce hot air at 45℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-diarrheal properties.

[0025] Example 4 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 56 parts modified montmorillonite, 18 parts glucomannan, 15 parts ε-polylysine, 8 parts cinnamon extract, 7 parts allicin, 7 parts purslane extract, 4 parts grape seed extract, and 2 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is as follows: Step 1, Preparation of modified montmorillonite: Add 50 parts by weight of montmorillonite and 7.5 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth to 895 parts by weight of 30% ethanol aqueous solution, stir and mix for 20 minutes, and homogenize at high speed at 12000 rpm for 15 minutes to form a uniformly dispersed composite suspension; then dissolve 15 parts by weight of hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan in deionized water to form a 4% hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan solution, then add the hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan solution to the composite suspension, sonicate at 60℃ and 500W for 4 hours, then react in a high-pressure reactor at 200℃ for 6 hours, cool, centrifuge, wash, dry, grind, and pass through an 800~1000 mesh sieve to obtain solid powder, i.e., modified montmorillonite; Step 2: Dissolve the above-mentioned parts by weight of ε-polylysine, allicin, and cinnamon extract in 570 parts by weight of 70% ethanol solution to form a mixture, spray dry, and form microcapsules; Step 3: Mix the above microcapsules with deionized water and ultrasonically disperse them evenly at a power of 150W to form a 15% microcapsule suspension; mix purslane extract and grape seed extract, add a 50% ethanol solution containing Tween-80, where the mass of Tween-80 is 0.1% of the mass of purslane extract, to form an 8% extract emulsion; dissolve chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to form a 1.5% chitosan solution; Step 4: Mix the modified montmorillonite and glucomannan in the above-mentioned weight parts, add 12 parts by weight of 10% ethanol solution to wet, granulate to form core particles, place the core particles in a fluidized bed, vibrate, first introduce hot air at 60℃, spray the microcapsule suspension onto the surface of the core particles at a rate of 0.8 ml / min, maintain for 15 min after spraying, then introduce hot air at 35℃, spray the extract emulsion at a rate of 0.3 ml / min, after spraying, evacuate to -0.08 MPa and maintain for 30 min, then continue to introduce hot air at 35℃, spray chitosan solution at a rate of 0.4 ml / min, after spraying, introduce hot air at 45℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-diarrheal properties.

[0026] Example 5 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts modified montmorillonite, 22 parts glucomannan, 18 parts ε-polylysine, 11 parts cinnamon extract, 9 parts allicin, 5 parts purslane extract, 6 parts grape seed extract, and 2 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is as follows: Step 1, Preparation of modified montmorillonite: Add 50 parts by weight of montmorillonite and 12.5 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth to 690 parts by weight of 30% ethanol aqueous solution, stir and mix for 20 minutes, and homogenize at high speed at 12000 rpm for 15 minutes to form a uniformly dispersed composite suspension; then dissolve 10 parts by weight of hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan in deionized water to form a 4% hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan solution, then add the hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan solution to the composite suspension, sonicate at 50℃ and 450W for 3.5 hours, then react in a high-pressure reactor at 190℃ for 7 hours, cool, centrifuge, wash, dry, grind, and pass through an 800~1000 mesh sieve to obtain solid powder, i.e., modified montmorillonite; Step 2: Dissolve the above-mentioned parts by weight of ε-polylysine, allicin, and cinnamon extract in 570 parts by weight of 70% ethanol solution to form a mixture, spray dry, and form microcapsules; Step 3: Mix the above microcapsules with deionized water and ultrasonically disperse them evenly at a power of 150W to form a 15% microcapsule suspension; mix purslane extract and grape seed extract, add a 50% ethanol solution containing Tween-80, where the mass of Tween-80 is 0.1% of the mass of purslane extract, to form an 8% extract emulsion; dissolve chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to form a 1.5% chitosan solution; Step 4: Mix the modified montmorillonite and glucomannan in the above-mentioned weight parts, add 12 parts by weight of 10% ethanol solution to wet, granulate to form core particles, place the core particles in a fluidized bed, vibrate, first introduce hot air at 60℃, spray the microcapsule suspension onto the surface of the core particles at a rate of 0.8 ml / min, maintain for 15 min after spraying, then introduce hot air at 35℃, spray the extract emulsion at a rate of 0.3 ml / min, after spraying, evacuate to -0.08 MPa and maintain for 30 min, then continue to introduce hot air at 35℃, spray chitosan solution at a rate of 0.4 ml / min, after spraying, introduce hot air at 45℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-diarrheal properties.

[0027] Example 6 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts modified montmorillonite, 21.5 parts glucomannan, 16 parts ε-polylysine, 12 parts cinnamon extract, 8 parts allicin, 6 parts purslane extract, 6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is the same as that in Example 2.

[0028] Example 7 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts modified montmorillonite, 21.5 parts glucomannan, 17.2 parts ε-polylysine, 8 parts cinnamon extract, 8 parts allicin, 6 parts purslane extract, 6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is the same as that in Example 2.

[0029] Example 8 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 61 parts modified montmorillonite, 21.5 parts glucomannan, 17.2 parts ε-polylysine, 12.9 parts cinnamon extract, 8.6 parts allicin, 6 parts purslane extract, 6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is the same as that in Example 2.

[0030] Example 9 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68 parts modified montmorillonite, 26.5 parts glucomannan, 17.2 parts ε-polylysine, 12.9 parts cinnamon extract, 8.6 parts allicin, 6 parts purslane extract, 6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5 parts chitosan; The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is the same as that in Example 2.

[0031] Example 10 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts modified montmorillonite, 26.5 parts glucomannan, 17.2 parts ε-polylysine, 12.9 parts cinnamon extract, 8.6 parts allicin, 6 parts purslane extract, 6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5 parts chitosan. The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is the same as that in Example 2.

[0032] Example 11 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68 parts modified montmorillonite, 26.5 parts glucomannan, 17.2 parts ε-polylysine, 12.9 parts cinnamon extract, 8.6 parts allicin, 6 parts purslane extract, 6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5 parts chitosan; The preparation process of this anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive is the same as that in Example 2.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that 100~150nm montmorillonite is used instead of modified montmorillonite.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that: bentonite is used instead of diatomaceous earth in the modified montmorillonite.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that the modified montmorillonite does not contain hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan.

[0036] Comparative Example 4 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that it does not contain glucomannan.

[0037] Comparative Example 5 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that it does not contain ε-polylysine.

[0038] Comparative Example 6 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that it does not contain cinnamon extract.

[0039] Comparative Example 7 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that it does not contain allicin.

[0040] Comparative Example 8 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that it does not contain purslane extract.

[0041] Comparative Example 9 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that it does not contain grape seed extract.

[0042] Comparative Example 10 A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea, and its preparation method, differs from Example 1 in that: Step 1: Mix the modified montmorillonite, glucomannan, ε-polylysine, cinnamon extract, allicin, purslane extract, and grape seed extract evenly to form a mixture; Step 2: Dissolve chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution to form a 1-2% chitosan solution; the surfactant Tween-80 is 0.08-0.12% of the purslane extract; place the mixture in a fluidized bed, vibrate, and spray the chitosan solution at a rate of 0.2-0.4 ml / min. After spraying, introduce hot air at 35-45℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive that is anti-mold and anti-diarrheal.

[0043] Experimental Example 1 0.005 g of the feed additives prepared in Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were added to 1 g of feed containing mold. After mixing evenly, 100 mL of distilled water was added. The mixture was then shaken at 30°C and 250 r / min for 1 h, followed by centrifugation at 3500 r / min. The supernatant was collected to determine the mycotoxin content. The molds in each kg of feed included 50 μg of aflatoxin, 5 mg of vomitoxin, 0.5 mg of zearalenone, 0.5 mg of T-2 toxin, and 20 mg of fumonisin. The removal rates of each toxin in the mycotoxins are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1

[0045] Table 1 shows that, compared with Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4, the feed additives prepared in Examples 1-11, which use diatomaceous earth to modify montmorillonite and are combined with glucomannan, achieve a removal rate of over 97% for aflatoxin, over 85% for vomitoxin, over 90% for zearalenone, over 77% for T-2 toxin, and over 70% for fumonisin. Compared with Comparative Example 10, the feed additives prepared in Examples 1-11, using modified montmorillonite and glucomannan as the core and their encapsulation, have improved the removal effect on mold. Therefore, the feed additives of the present invention have a high removal rate for aflatoxin, vomitoxin, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, fumonisin, and other toxins, and the feed additives of the present invention as a whole have a very good removal effect on mold.

[0046] Experimental Example 2 The feed additives prepared in Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were added directly to the self-made finished feed at a ratio of 1.5%, and then sealed in feed bags for storage. Samples were taken at regular intervals, and mold and bacteria were tested according to GB13078-2017 "Feed Hygiene Standard". The mold and bacteria content in the feed at each time period is shown in Tables 2 and 3. The acceptable mold and bacteria content is less than 4 × 10⁻⁶. 4 CUF / g and bacteria 2×10 6 CUF / g.

[0047] Table 2

[0048] Table 3

[0049] As shown in Tables 2 and 3 above, the feed additives prepared in Examples 1 to 11 use diatomaceous earth to modify montmorillonite, and work synergistically with glucomannan, ε-polylysine, cinnamon extract, allicin, purslane extract and grape seed extract. The feed additives of the present invention have a good inhibitory effect on molds and bacteria, and extend the shelf life of feed.

[0050] Experimental Example 3 The experimental animals were 350 healthy piglets aged 28±1 days with an average weight of 5.5-6.5 kg, raised under the same feeding conditions. These piglets were randomly divided into 14 groups of 25 piglets each, with no significant differences between groups. The diet consisted of 1% of the feed additives prepared in Examples 2, 6, 8 and Comparative Examples 1-10, plus regular feed, and a control group (regular feed + 1% antibiotics (colistin sulfate and lincomycin mass ratio = 1:2.5)). The regular feed was purchased from Anhui Yiyuan Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., and was a 4% compound premixed feed for growing piglets. All piglets were housed in raised, slatted floors, and the pigsties were disinfected using standard methods. They had free access to food and water. During the experiment, the diarrhea rate of each group of piglets was recorded daily. On the morning of day 14 of the experiment, the piglets were weighed on an empty stomach to calculate weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0051] Table 4

[0052] Table 4 above shows that the feed additives prepared in Examples 1-11, through the synergistic combination of ε-polylysine, cinnamon extract, allicin, purslane extract, and grape seed extract with modified montmorillonite and glucomannan, effectively enhance the feed additive's anti-mold effect on feed, improve the inhibition of intestinal pathogens and inflammatory factors, promote intestinal mucosal repair, improve animal intestinal health, effectively increase piglet feed intake and body size, and enable immune cells and antioxidant capacity to work synergistically to enhance piglets' immunity and disease resistance, reduce the rate of diarrhea in piglets, and the synergistic effect of allicin and purslane extract can also improve feed palatability, improve feed utilization and animal growth performance.

[0053] In summary, the anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive used in this invention can improve the anti-mold and antibacterial effects of feed, while also enhancing the anti-diarrheal effect of animals, and is green and safe.

[0054] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit and essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0055] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 48-70 parts modified montmorillonite, 15-25 parts glucomannan, 12-20 parts ε-polylysine, 8-12 parts cinnamon extract, 6-10 parts allicin, 4-8 parts purslane extract, 3-6 parts grape seed extract, and 1.5-2.5 parts chitosan. Modified montmorillonite was obtained by modifying montmorillonite with diatomaceous earth and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt.

2. The feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glucomannan accounts for 32-36% of the mass of the modified montmorillonite.

3. The feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of glucomannan to ε-polylysine is 1.25:

1.

4. The feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of ε-polylysine to cinnamon extract and allicin is 2:1.5:

1.

5. The feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process of the modified montmorillonite is as follows: Montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth are added to an ethanol aqueous solution and stirred for 20-30 minutes to form a homogeneous and uniformly dispersed composite suspension; then chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is dissolved in deionized water to form a 3-5% chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution, which is then added to the composite suspension and ultrasonically treated at 50-60℃. The mixture is then reacted in a high-pressure reactor at 180-200℃ for 6-8 hours, cooled, centrifuged, washed, dried, ground, and passed through an 800-1000 mesh sieve to obtain the modified montmorillonite. The mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 1:0.15~0.25:0.2~0.

3.

6. A feed additive for preventing mold and diarrhea according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan.

7. A method for preparing the anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method is as follows: (1) Modified montmorillonite is mixed with glucomannan and granulated to form core particles; (2) Mix ε-polylysine, allicin and cinnamon extract, and spray to form microcapsules; (3) First, microcapsules are coated on the surface of the core particles, then purslane extract and grape seed extract are coated, and finally chitosan is coated to obtain a feed additive that is anti-mold and anti-diarrheal.

8. The method for preparing a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-diarrheal properties according to claim 7, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: (1) Mix modified montmorillonite with glucomannan, add 10% ethanol solution to wet, and granulate to form core particles; (2) Dissolve ε-polylysine, allicin, and cinnamon extract in 70% ethanol solution to form a mixture, spray dry to form microcapsules; (3) Mix the microcapsules with deionized water and ultrasonically disperse them evenly at a power of 100~150W to form a microcapsule suspension with a concentration of 10~20%; mix the purslane extract and grape seed extract, add a 50% ethanol solution containing surfactant to form an extract emulsion with a concentration of 8~10%; dissolve chitosan in a 1% acetic acid solution to form a chitosan solution with a concentration of 1~2%; place the core particles in a fluidized bed, vibrate, first introduce hot air at a temperature of 50~60℃, spray the microcapsule suspension onto the surface of the core particles, maintain for 15~20min after spraying, then introduce hot air at a temperature of 30~40℃, spray the extract emulsion, after spraying, evacuate to -0.07~-0.08MPa and maintain for 20~30min, then continue to introduce hot air at a temperature of 30~40℃, spray the chitosan solution, after spraying, introduce hot air at a temperature of 35~45℃ into the fluidized bed for vacuum drying to obtain a feed additive that is anti-mold and anti-diarrheal.

9. The method for preparing a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-diarrheal properties according to claim 8, characterized in that, The surfactant is Tween-80; the surfactant accounts for 0.08~0.12% of the mass of the purslane extract. The spraying rate of the microcapsule suspension is 0.5~1 ml / min; the spraying rate of the extract emulsion is 0.3~0.5 ml / min; and the spraying rate of the chitosan solution is 0.2~0.4 ml / min.

10. A feed for preventing mold and diarrhea, characterized in that, Mix the anti-mold and anti-diarrheal feed additive as described in claim 1 with the feed, adding 2-20 kg of feed additive per ton of feed.

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