A low soybean special-purpose reduced-loss harvester for field breeding

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a low-loss harvester capable of realizing whole-plant uprooting of low-height soybean varieties and real-time recovery of mature soybean pod-seed grains in a plot breeding scene. The present application, in view of the characteristics of mature soybean being prone to pod-shattering, realizes synchronous recovery of falling grains in the conveying process by setting a trapezoidal groove, a baffle and a flexible bellows, thereby minimizing the harvesting loss. Understandably, when the soybean plants are shaken by the machine, the grains fall downward to the trapezoidal groove, which is inclined, and the falling grains slide to the bottom under the action of gravity. In addition, the plot breeding low-height soybean special low-loss harvester of the present application has good adjustment flexibility and operation convenience, and the uprooting height, angle, belt gap and tension can be accurately adjusted, and it has strong adaptability; the movable baffle has the functions of protection and unloading slope, thereby reducing the labor force for field sampling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically relating to a loss-reducing harvester for small-plant breeding scenarios that can uproot the entire plant of low-growing soybean varieties and collect mature soybean pods and seeds in real time. Background Technology

[0002] In soybean plot breeding research, soybean varieties have diverse genetic characteristics. Some high-yielding or high-quality varieties exhibit extremely short plants with pods close to the ground. The header of traditional combine harvesters is often limited by its structure and the flatness of the ground, which often prevents it from being lowered to a sufficient height, resulting in the missed harvesting of bottom pods and affecting the accuracy of yield measurement.

[0003] Although existing technologies have developed pull-out harvesting equipment that can adjust the height off the ground, there are still significant technical bottlenecks when applied to mature plot breeding harvesting: due to the low moisture content of mature soybeans, they are easily damaged by mechanical vibration during the pulling, clamping and conveying process, resulting in pod breakage and loss. Existing equipment lacks a mechanism for real-time collection and recovery of fallen seeds, causing broken seeds to fall into the field during transportation, thus resulting in losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a loss-reducing harvester specifically for low-growing soybeans grown in small-area breeding, in order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] This invention provides a loss-reducing harvester specifically for low-growing soybeans grown in small-plot breeding, comprising a machine body, the machine body including: Main frame, running gear, and driving mechanism; The pulling device is movably tilted and installed at the front end of the main frame. The pulling device includes a conveying shell. The inner side of the conveying shell is provided with a conveying mechanism for conveying soybean plants, and the outer side of the conveying shell is provided with a baffle to prevent the seeds from scattering outwards. A threshing device is installed on the main frame and located behind the pulling device. The threshing device is used to receive soybean plants conveyed by the conveying mechanism and to thresh and perform preliminary cleaning. A grain recovery device includes a trapezoidal trough that abuts against the outer casing of the conveyor and is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism. The trapezoidal trough is used to catch grains that fall from broken pods when the conveying mechanism transports soybean plants. A flexible corrugated pipe is connected to the bottom opening of the trapezoidal trough. An air flotation fan is connected above the bottom opening of the trapezoidal trough. The blowing force generated by the air flotation fan blows the grains in the trapezoidal trough into the flexible corrugated pipe. The cleaning device includes a cyclone separator connected to the threshing outlet of the threshing device; a weeding fan is connected to the top of the cyclone separator; the outlet of the flexible corrugated pipe is located below the cyclone separator. The soybean grains produced by the conveying mechanism and processed by the threshing device are separated into impurities in the cyclone separator and then merged with the grains splashed during the transport of the soybean plants collected in the trapezoidal trough and fall onto the grain storage rack.

[0006] Preferably, the extraction device and the trapezoidal slot are mounted on the extraction bracket at the front end of the main frame; the extraction bracket is provided with a telescopic device connected to the trapezoidal slot. The upper part of the trapezoidal groove is hinged to the upper part of the extraction bracket. The tilt angle of the extraction device and the trapezoidal groove relative to the extraction bracket can be controlled by adjusting the extension length of the telescopic device.

[0007] Preferably, the extraction device includes: The plant straightener is located at the very front of the bottom of the conveyor housing to straighten the soybean plants as the machine moves. A brush roller is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism and in front of the trapezoidal groove. The brush roller is used to remove soil clods from the roots of soybean plants that have been straightened by the straightener before entering the conveying mechanism. The cutter is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism and between the trapezoidal groove and the brush roller. The cutter is used to cut off the roots of soybean plants after they have been cleaned by the brush roller.

[0008] As a preferred option, it also includes: An auxiliary belt is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism. The auxiliary belt is connected to an auxiliary pulley, and the auxiliary pulley and the conveying pulley rotate coaxially. The auxiliary belt is used to cooperate with the auxiliary pulley to drive the cutter.

[0009] Preferably, the conveying mechanism includes: The conveyor frame is disposed within the conveyor housing; The extraction and conveying unit includes a motor 1 mounted on the top of the conveyor frame via a motor plate. The output end of the motor 1 is connected to a transmission gear 1, which meshes with a transmission gear 2. The transmission gear 1 and the transmission gear 2 are used to drive the clamping conveyor belts on both sides to rotate in opposite directions to extract the entire soybean plant and transport it backward and upward.

[0010] Preferably, the running path of the clamping conveyor belt is provided with: The auxiliary wheels are fixed to the conveyor frame by fixing plates; A conveyor belt pulley is mounted on an auxiliary frame at the lower end of the conveyor frame; the auxiliary frame is telescopic relative to the conveyor frame to adjust the tension of the conveyor belt by adjusting the height position of the conveyor belt pulley. The tensioning wheel is located on one side of the two clamping conveyor belts that are close to each other. The tensioning wheel is movably mounted on the conveyor frame and can rotate relative to its mounting position to adjust the gap between the clamping conveyor belts on both sides.

[0011] Preferably, the threshing device includes: Power system, A threshing drum is mounted on a threshing bracket on the main frame. The threshing drum is connected to the power system and is used to thresh soybean plants by rotating and striking them. A straw discharge port is also provided on the side of the threshing drum. A threshing cover is placed over the threshing drum to prevent grains from spilling out. A drum bottom cover is located below the threshing drum. A concave sieve is provided between the drum bottom cover and the threshing drum. The drum bottom cover includes a collection trough for collecting grains. The collection trough is connected to a cyclone separator barrel through a pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the power system includes: Motor 2 has an output end connected to an engine pulley, which is connected to a large pulley via a transmission belt; The threshing drum includes: The main shaft of the drum is connected to the large pulley for transmission. A disc is mounted on the main shaft of the drum; A toothed bar is mounted on the disc and parallel to the main shaft of the drum. The toothed bar is provided with multiple threshing teeth for threshing soybean plants by rotating and striking them. The screw conveyor head is installed on the main shaft of the drum and is used to discharge long straw impurities after threshing.

[0013] Preferably, the cleaning device is located inside the cleaning bracket of the main frame, and the weeding blower is connected to the cyclone separator via pipe two.

[0014] Preferably, a movable baffle is installed on the side of the cleaning bracket by means of a snap fastener; When the grain storage rack collects the grains output from the cyclone separator and the grains collected by the trapezoidal trough, the buckle locks the movable baffle. When it is necessary to release the grains from the grain storage rack, the buckle opens, and the movable baffle opens downward to form a ramp for guiding the unloading of grain.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a loss-reducing harvester specifically for low-growing soybeans in small-plot breeding, comprising a machine body, which includes a main frame, a walking device, a driving device, a pulling device, a threshing device, a grain recovery device, and a cleaning device; the pulling device is movably and inclinedly disposed at the front end of the main frame, the pulling device including a conveying shell, the inner side of the conveying shell being provided with a conveying mechanism for conveying soybean plants, and the outer side of the conveying shell being provided with a baffle for preventing pods from exploding and grains from splashing outwards; the threshing device is disposed on the main frame and located behind the pulling device, the threshing device being used to receive soybean plants conveyed by the conveying mechanism and to perform threshing and preliminary cleaning; the grain recovery device includes a mechanism attached to the conveying shell and located behind the conveying device. A trapezoidal trough is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism. This trough collects seeds that fall from the pods during soybean plant transport. A flexible corrugated pipe is connected to the bottom opening of the trough. An air flotation fan is connected above the bottom opening of the trough. The blowing force generated by the air flotation fan blows the seeds in the trapezoidal trough into the flexible corrugated pipe. The cleaning device includes a cyclone separator connected to the threshing outlet of the threshing device. A weeding fan is connected to the top of the cyclone separator. The outlet of the flexible corrugated pipe is located below the cyclone separator. The seeds from the soybean plants output by the conveying mechanism, after being processed by the threshing device, are separated for impurities in the cyclone separator and then merge with the seeds splashed during soybean plant transport collected in the trapezoidal trough, falling onto the grain storage rack. This invention addresses the characteristic of mature soybeans being prone to pod breakage by using a trapezoidal trough, baffles, and a flexible corrugated pipe to achieve simultaneous recovery of seeds falling during transport, minimizing harvest losses. Understandably, when soybean plants are subjected to mechanical vibration that causes the pods to burst, the seeds fall downwards into a trapezoidal groove, which is inclined, and the falling seeds slide to the bottom due to gravity.

[0016] In addition, the low-growing soybean harvester for small-area breeding of the present invention has better adjustment flexibility and operation convenience. The picking height, angle, belt gap and tension can be precisely adjusted, and it has strong adaptability. The movable baffle has the functions of protection and unloading slope, which reduces the labor force for manual sampling in the field. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a loss-reducing harvester specifically designed for low-growing soybeans used in small-plot breeding, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the extraction device; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the extraction device and the flexible bellows. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 7 for Figure 1 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure when the movable baffle is closed; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure where the movable baffle opens downwards.

[0018] Numbering on the map: 1. Extraction device; 2. Threshing device; 3. Cleaning device; 4. Main frame; 5. Traveling device; 6. Driving device; 7. Grain recovery device; 11. Telescopic device; 12. Conveyor housing; 13. Pull-out conveyor unit; 120. Trapezoidal groove; 121. Baffle; 130. Loading device; 131. Conveyor belt pulley; 132. Auxiliary frame; 133. Conveyor frame; 134. Auxiliary wheel; 135. Fixing plate; 136. Tensioner wheel; 137. Motor plate; 138. Motor 1; 139. Transmission gear; 140. Clamping conveyor belt; 141. Auxiliary pulley; 142. Auxiliary belt; 143. Brush roller; 144. Cutter; 21. Power system; 22. Concave sieve; 23. Straw discharge port; 24. Threshing drum; 25. Threshing cover; 26. Drum bottom cover; 210. Motor II; 211. Engine pulley; 212. Drive belt; 213. Large pulley; 240. Main shaft of the drum; 241. Screw conveyor head; 242. Threshing teeth; 243. Tooth rack; 244. Spread disc; 30. Pipeline 1; 31. Cyclone separator; 32. Pipeline 2; 33. Weeding fan; 34. Clip; 35. Movable baffle; 36. Grain storage rack; 40. Remove the support; 41. Threshing support; 42. Clean the support; 70. Air flotation fan; 71. Flexible corrugated pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment provides a loss-reducing harvester for low-growing soybeans in small-area breeding, including a machine body, which includes: a main frame 4, a walking device 5, a driving device 6, a pulling device 1, a threshing device 2, a grain recovery device 7, and a cleaning device 3; the main frame 4 is formed by a pulling bracket 40, a threshing bracket 41, and a cleaning bracket 42 fixedly connected together, providing support for the whole machine.

[0022] Combination Figures 1 to 6 The extraction device 1 is movably and tiltably mounted at the front end of the main frame 4. The extraction device 1 includes a conveying housing 12, with a conveying mechanism for conveying soybean plants on the inner side of the housing 12, and a baffle 121 on the outer side of the housing 12 to prevent the seeds from scattering outwards. Figure 2The threshing device 2 is mounted on the main frame 4 and located behind the extraction device 1. The threshing device 2 is used to receive soybean plants transported by the conveying mechanism and to thresh and preliminarily clean them. The grain recovery device 7 includes a trapezoidal trough 120 that is attached to the conveying shell 12 and located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism. The trapezoidal trough 120 is used to catch the grains that fall off the pods when the conveying mechanism transports soybean plants. A flexible corrugated pipe 71 is connected to the bottom opening of the trapezoidal trough 120. An air flotation fan 70 is connected above the bottom opening of the trapezoidal trough 120. The blowing force generated by the air flotation fan 70 blows the grains in the trapezoidal trough 120 into the flexible corrugated pipe 71.

[0023] This invention addresses the issue of mature soybeans' tendency for pods to burst. By incorporating a trapezoidal trough 120, a baffle 121, and a flexible corrugated pipe 71, it achieves simultaneous recovery of fallen seeds during transport, minimizing harvest losses. Understandably, when soybean plants experience mechanical vibration that causes pods to burst, the seeds fall downwards into the trapezoidal trough 120, which is inclined, allowing the fallen seeds to slide to the bottom under gravity.

[0024] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The cleaning device 3 includes a cyclone separator 31 connected to the threshing outlet of the threshing device 2; a weeding fan 33 is connected to the top of the cyclone separator 31; the outlet of the flexible corrugated pipe 71 is located below the cyclone separator 31; the cyclone separator 31 uses centrifugal force to settle the seeds; the soybean seeds obtained from the soybean plants output by the conveying mechanism after being processed by the threshing device 2 are separated for impurities in the cyclone separator 31 and then merge with the seeds splashed during the transport of the soybean plants collected by the trapezoidal trough 120 and fall onto the grain storage rack 36. The grain storage rack 36 is used to place the collection bags for collecting the seeds.

[0025] Because the top of the cyclone separator 31 is connected to a weeding fan 33, the negative pressure generated creates a suction pull on the end of the flexible corrugated pipe 71. Through the combined action of the "push" of the air flotation fan 70 and the "pull" of the weeding fan 33, the falling grains are ensured to be transported stably. In particular, the shattered pods transported by the flexible corrugated pipe 71 merge with the cleaned grains at the bottom of the cyclone separator 31 and fall together into the grain collection area below.

[0026] Combination Figure 5The extraction device 1 and the trapezoidal groove 120 are mounted on the extraction bracket 40 at the front end of the main frame 4. The extraction bracket 40 is provided with a telescopic device 11 connected to the trapezoidal groove 120. The upper part of the trapezoidal groove 120 is hinged to the upper part of the extraction bracket 40. By adjusting the telescopic length of the telescopic device 11, the tilt angle of the extraction device 1 and the trapezoidal groove 120 relative to the extraction bracket 40 can be controlled. The telescopic device 11 is used to adjust the height and tilt angle of the extraction device 1 relative to the ground to accommodate low-growing soybean varieties of different heights. The flexible corrugated pipe 71 can extend and retract with the displacement of the extraction device 1.

[0027] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The pulling device 1 includes a plant lifter 130, a brush roller 143, and a cutter 144. The plant lifter 130 is located at the front end of the bottom of the conveyor housing 12 to straighten the soybean plants during the machine's movement. The brush roller 143 is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism and in front of the trapezoidal groove 120. The brush roller 143 is used to remove soil clods from the roots of the soybean plants after they have been straightened by the plant lifter 130 and enter the conveying mechanism. The cutter 144 is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism and between the trapezoidal groove 120 and the brush roller 143. The cutter 144 is used to cut the roots of the soybean plants after they have been cleaned by the brush roller 143. This invention, through the cooperation of the plant lifter 130 and the pulling device 1, can pull up the entire soybean plant before cutting the roots, allowing even very short soybean pods to enter the machine intact, thus ensuring the integrity of yield data for low-growing varieties in plot breeding.

[0028] An auxiliary belt 142 is provided below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism. The auxiliary belt 142 is used to drive the cutter 144 in conjunction with the auxiliary pulley 141. The auxiliary belt 142 is connected to the auxiliary pulley 141 for transmission. The auxiliary pulley 141 and the conveying pulley 131 rotate coaxially. The power source is a motor 138. The auxiliary belt 142 is used to drive the cutter in conjunction with the auxiliary pulley 141. The brush roller 143 does not need to be driven. It rotates to clean the soil clods as the plant is transported upward.

[0029] Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6The conveying mechanism includes a pulling and conveying unit 13; the conveyor frame 133 of the pulling and conveying unit 13 is disposed on the conveying housing 12; the pulling and conveying unit 13 includes a motor 138 disposed on the top of the conveyor frame 133 via a motor plate 137, the output end of the motor 138 is connected to a transmission gear 139, the transmission gear 139 meshes with a transmission gear 2, the transmission gear 139 and the transmission gear 2 rotate coaxially with the conveyor pulley 131 below them, the conveyor pulley 131 drives the clamping conveyor belts 140 on both sides to rotate in opposite directions to pull up the whole soybean plant and transport it backward and upward.

[0030] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 The running path of the clamping conveyor belt 140 is provided with an auxiliary wheel 134, a conveyor belt pulley 131, and a tensioning wheel 136. The auxiliary wheel 134 is fixed to the conveyor frame 133 by a fixing piece 135. The conveyor belt pulley 131 is located on the auxiliary frame 132 at the lower end of the conveyor frame 133. The auxiliary frame 132 can extend and retract relative to the conveyor frame 133 to adjust the tension of the clamping conveyor belt 140 by adjusting the height position of the conveyor belt pulley 131. The tensioning wheel 136 is located on the side where the two clamping conveyor belts 140 are close to each other. The tensioning wheel 136 is movably mounted on the conveyor frame 133 and can rotate relative to its mounting position to adjust the gap between the clamping conveyor belts 140 on both sides.

[0031] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The threshing device 2 includes a power system 21, a threshing drum 24, a threshing cover 25, and a drum bottom cover 26. The threshing drum 24 is mounted on a threshing bracket 41 on the main frame 4 and is connected to the power system 21. The threshing drum 24 is used to thresh soybean plants by rotating and striking them. A straw discharge port 23 is also provided on the side of the threshing drum 24. The threshing cover 25 is placed above the threshing drum 24 to prevent the grains from overflowing. The drum bottom cover 26 is located below the threshing drum 24, and a concave sieve 22 is provided between the drum bottom cover 26 and the threshing drum 24. The drum bottom cover 26 includes a collection trough for collecting the grains. The collection trough is connected to a cyclone separator 31 through a pipe 30. After threshing, the grains fall through the concave sieve 22 to the drum bottom cover 26 and slide to the tail end, where they are sucked into the cyclone separator 31 by negative pressure.

[0032] Combination Figure 2The power system 21 includes a second motor 210, the output end of which is connected to an engine pulley 211. The engine pulley 211 is connected to a large pulley 213 via a transmission belt 212. The threshing drum 24 includes a drum main shaft 240, a flange 244, a rack 243, and a screw conveyor head 241. The drum main shaft 240 is connected to the large pulley 213. The flange 244 is mounted on the drum main shaft 240. The rack 243 is mounted on the flange 244 and is parallel to the drum main shaft 240. The rack 243 is provided with multiple threshing teeth 242 for threshing soybean plants by rotating and striking them. The screw conveyor head 241 is mounted on the drum main shaft 240 and is used to discharge long straw impurities after threshing.

[0033] Combination Figure 9 and Figure 10 The cleaning device 3 is located within the cleaning bracket 42 of the main frame 4, and the weeding blower 33 is connected to the cyclone separator 31 via pipe 32. The cyclone separator 31 can separate seeds from fine impurities through centrifugal force. The seeds are discharged from the bottom of the cyclone separator 31 into a collection bag, while light weeds and dust are discharged from the top of the cyclone separator 31 towards the weeding blower 33. This invention uses the cyclone separator 31 and the weeding blower 33 in conjunction with a pneumatic conveying pipeline, resulting in a smooth internal surface without dead corners, effectively preventing seed mixing between different breeding plots.

[0034] The side of the washing bracket 42 is fitted with a movable baffle 35 via a buckle 34; when the grain storage bracket 36 collects the grains output from the cyclone separator and the grains collected by the trapezoidal trough 120, the buckle 34 locks the movable baffle 35; when it is necessary to release the grains in the grain storage bracket 36, the buckle 34 opens, and the movable baffle 35 opens downward to form a ramp for guiding the unloading of grain.

[0035] In particular, in order to facilitate efficient sampling in the breeding of small plots, the outer side of the cyclone grain collection bucket 31 is provided with an openable and closable movable baffle 35. The movable baffle 35 serves as a protective function when closed, and flips down to form a ramp when open, which is used to assist in unloading the collection bag containing the grains.

[0036] The low-growing soybean harvester for small-area breeding of this invention has better adjustment flexibility and operation convenience. The picking height, angle, belt gap and tension can be precisely adjusted, and it has strong adaptability. The movable baffle 35 has the functions of protection and unloading slope, which reduces the labor force for manual sampling in the field.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loss-reducing harvester specifically for low-growing soybeans grown in small-area breeding, comprising a machine body, characterized in that: The body includes: Main frame, running gear, and driving mechanism; The pulling device is movably tilted and installed at the front end of the main frame. The pulling device includes a conveying shell. The inner side of the conveying shell is provided with a conveying mechanism for conveying soybean plants, and the outer side of the conveying shell is provided with a baffle to prevent the seeds from scattering outwards. A threshing device is installed on the main frame and located behind the pulling device. The threshing device is used to receive soybean plants conveyed by the conveying mechanism and to thresh and perform preliminary cleaning. A grain recovery device includes a trapezoidal trough that abuts against the outer casing of the conveyor and is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism. The trapezoidal trough is used to catch grains that fall from broken pods when the conveying mechanism transports soybean plants. A flexible corrugated pipe is connected to the bottom opening of the trapezoidal trough. An air flotation fan is connected above the bottom opening of the trapezoidal trough. The blowing force generated by the air flotation fan blows the grains in the trapezoidal trough into the flexible corrugated pipe. The cleaning device includes a cyclone separator connected to the threshing outlet of the threshing device; a weeding fan is connected to the top of the cyclone separator; the outlet of the flexible corrugated pipe is located below the cyclone separator. The soybean grains produced by the conveying mechanism and processed by the threshing device are separated into impurities in the cyclone separator and then merged with the grains splashed during the transport of the soybean plants collected in the trapezoidal trough and fall onto the grain storage rack.

2. The loss-reducing harvester for low-growing soybeans in plot breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction device and the trapezoidal slot are mounted on the extraction bracket at the front end of the main frame; the extraction bracket is provided with a telescopic device connected to the trapezoidal slot. The upper part of the trapezoidal groove is hinged to the upper part of the extraction bracket. The tilt angle of the extraction device and the trapezoidal groove relative to the extraction bracket can be controlled by adjusting the extension length of the telescopic device.

3. The loss-reducing harvester for low-growing soybeans in plot breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction device includes: The plant straightener is located at the very front of the bottom of the conveyor housing to straighten the soybean plants as the machine moves. A brush roller is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism and in front of the trapezoidal groove. The brush roller is used to remove soil clods from the roots of soybean plants that have been straightened by the straightener before entering the conveying mechanism. The cutter is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism and between the trapezoidal groove and the brush roller. The cutter is used to cut off the roots of soybean plants after they have been cleaned by the brush roller.

4. The loss-reducing harvester for low-growing soybeans in plot breeding according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: An auxiliary belt is located below the conveying path of the conveying mechanism. The auxiliary belt is connected to an auxiliary pulley, and the auxiliary pulley and the conveying pulley rotate coaxially. The auxiliary belt is used to cooperate with the auxiliary pulley to drive the cutter.

5. The loss-reducing harvester for low-growing soybeans in plot breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism includes: The conveyor frame is disposed within the conveyor housing; The extraction and conveying unit includes a motor 1 mounted on the top of the conveyor frame via a motor plate. The output end of the motor 1 is connected to a transmission gear 1, which meshes with a transmission gear 2. The transmission gear 1 and the transmission gear 2 are used to drive the clamping conveyor belts on both sides to rotate in opposite directions to extract the entire soybean plant and transport it backward and upward.

6. The loss-reducing harvester for low-growing soybeans in plot breeding according to claim 5, characterized in that: The running path of the clamping conveyor belt is equipped with: The auxiliary wheels are fixed to the conveyor frame by fixing plates. A conveyor belt pulley is mounted on an auxiliary frame at the lower end of the conveyor frame; the auxiliary frame is telescopic relative to the conveyor frame to adjust the tension of the conveyor belt by adjusting the height position of the conveyor belt pulley. The tensioning wheel is located on one side of the two clamping conveyor belts that are close to each other. The tensioning wheel is movably mounted on the conveyor frame and can rotate relative to its mounting position to adjust the gap between the clamping conveyor belts on both sides.

7. A loss-reducing harvester specifically designed for low-growing soybeans in small-plot breeding, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The threshing device includes: Power system A threshing drum is mounted on a threshing bracket on the main frame. The threshing drum is connected to the power system and is used to thresh soybean plants by rotating and striking them. A straw discharge port is also provided on the side of the threshing drum. A threshing cover is placed over the threshing drum to prevent grains from spilling out. A drum bottom cover is located below the threshing drum. A concave sieve is provided between the drum bottom cover and the threshing drum. The drum bottom cover includes a collection trough for collecting grains. The collection trough is connected to a cyclone separator barrel through a pipe.

8. A loss-reducing harvester specifically designed for low-growing soybeans in small-plot breeding, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The power system includes: Motor 2 has an output end connected to an engine pulley, which is connected to a large pulley via a transmission belt; The threshing drum includes: The main shaft of the drum is connected to the large pulley for transmission. A disc is mounted on the main shaft of the drum; A toothed bar is mounted on the disc and parallel to the main shaft of the drum. The toothed bar is provided with multiple threshing teeth for threshing soybean plants by rotating and striking them. The screw conveyor head is installed on the main shaft of the drum and is used to discharge long straw impurities after threshing.

9. A loss-reducing harvester specifically designed for low-growing soybeans in small-plot breeding, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The cleaning device is located inside the cleaning bracket of the main frame, and the weeding blower is connected to the cyclone separator barrel through pipe two.

10. A loss-reducing harvester specifically for low-growing soybeans in plot breeding, as described in claim 9, is characterized in that: A movable baffle is installed on the side of the cleaning bracket by means of a snap fastener; When the grain storage rack collects the grains output from the cyclone separator and the grains collected by the trapezoidal trough, the buckle locks the movable baffle. When it is necessary to release the grains from the grain storage rack, the buckle opens, and the movable baffle opens downward to form a ramp for guiding the unloading of grain.

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