A water cup configured with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator

Abstract

This invention discloses a water cup equipped with a multi-mode power supply for a global satellite navigation system locator, belonging to the field of smart wearable and positioning technology. The water cup includes a cup body and a lid. The lid integrates a positioning module and a multi-mode power supply module. The power supply module includes a rechargeable battery, an external power receiving element, a solar panel, a thermoelectric generator, and an auxiliary circuit board. The auxiliary circuit board performs multi-source complementary power supply according to a preset priority strategy and the availability of various energy sources: prioritizing the use of high-priority energy sources and managing battery charging and discharging; initiating battery replenishment when high-priority energy power is insufficient; and providing independent power from the battery when external energy fails. Simultaneously, a low-battery protection and intelligent recovery mechanism is set: entering a low-power mode when the battery voltage is below a threshold; and automatically recovering when the voltage recovers or high-priority energy is sufficient. This invention improves the battery life and operational reliability of the positioning water cup in complex environments, making it suitable for outdoor sports, emergency rescue, and other scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of daily and outdoor drinking water equipment, smart wearables and positioning technology, and specifically to a water cup equipped with a global satellite navigation system locator with multi-mode power supply. Background Technology

[0002] Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are star-based radio navigation systems that use artificial satellites as navigation points. They provide all-weather, high-precision position, velocity, and time information for various military and civilian vehicles on land, sea, air, and space. They are also known as space-based positioning, navigation, and timing systems. Currently, globally renowned GNSS systems include GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BDS, MSAS, GAGAN, and NIG-GOMSAT-1. With the widespread adoption of GNSS positioning technology, corresponding locators (or trackers) are increasingly being used to track the activity trajectories and status of mobile phones, vehicles, patients, firearms, and even basketballs. In recent years, with increasing attention to healthy living, daily activity trajectories and exercise levels have gradually become authorized tracking and monitoring items on smartphones, watches, and other smart devices. Outdoor sports and activities, as green and healthy forms of recreation, relaxation, and exercise, are increasingly popular and promoted. However, outdoor sports and activities come with potential personal safety risks, such as getting lost in the wild or suffering injuries that impair mobility. In such cases, family, friends, or rescuers need to be able to find the missing or injured person promptly, which necessitates the ability to locate those in need of assistance in a timely manner. In outdoor activities, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) locators are often carried and used individually. Currently, GNSS positioning services are not widely integrated with portable products beyond smartphones, smartwatches, and vehicle trackers that meet specific survival and lifestyle needs. Furthermore, when these mainstream portable products that have incorporated positioning services—such as smartphones, smartwatches, and vehicle trackers—are in use, they require frequent external power supplies, either fixed or portable DC or AC power sources for charging. There is a lack of designs that can provide a continuous power supply, directly or indirectly, to the locator or other devices equipped with positioning services. With technological advancements, and to ensure personal safety and maintain health, especially for outdoor sports and activities, the application and promotion of GNSS positioning technology should meet the requirements of portability, necessity, stability, and sustainability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical Problem: In order to associate Global Navigation Satellite Services (GNSS) with portable products that meet certain survival or living needs, other than smartphones, smartwatches, and vehicle locators, and to ensure that the associated GNSS positioning services can receive a continuous and stable power supply for normal and long-term operation, this invention provides a water cup with a GNSS locator configured with multi-mode power supply.

[0004] Technical Solution: This invention discloses a water cup with a multi-mode power supply for a global satellite navigation system (GNSS) locator, belonging to the field of smart wearable and positioning technology. The water cup includes a cup body and a lid. The lid has a cavity to integrate a GNSS positioning module and a multi-mode power supply module. The power supply module includes a rechargeable battery, an external power receiving element, a solar panel, a thermoelectric generator, and an auxiliary circuit board. The auxiliary circuit board executes multi-source complementary power supply logic according to a preset priority strategy and the availability of each energy source. Preferably, the preset priority strategy is: external power is the highest priority, with solar power and thermoelectric power supplied sequentially. Specifically, the logic prioritizes using high-priority energy to power the positioning module and manages battery charging and discharging; when the high-priority energy is insufficient, battery replenishment is automatically initiated; when all external energy sources fail, the battery provides independent power. In particular, this invention includes a low-power protection strategy and an intelligent recovery mechanism: when the battery voltage is below a threshold, the positioning module enters a low-power mode; when the battery voltage recovers or high-priority energy is detected to be sufficient for normal operation, it automatically returns to normal mode.

[0005] In terms of physical construction, the cup lid has an internal cavity for housing the electronic components of the global satellite navigation system positioning module and the multi-mode power supply module. To optimize space utilization and wiring layout, a partition can be installed within the cavity to define independent installation areas. The cup lid has an interface hole adapted to the external power receiving element, which is installed at this interface hole. Furthermore, a solar panel is mounted on the outer surface of the cup lid to receive ambient light energy; the thermoelectric generator is located on the heat conduction path of the cup lid (e.g., near the inner wall of the water-filled cavity) to generate electricity using the temperature difference between the water and the ambient temperature.

[0006] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention combines positioning functionality with an everyday drinking tool (water cup), enabling tracking and positioning of the carrier. Utilizing the characteristic that water cups are always carried, it enhances the binding of the positioning function to the person, while also providing good concealment, meeting the needs of outdoor sports, emergency rescue, and other scenarios. By introducing two energy extraction methods—solar energy and thermoelectric (thermal energy conversion)—combined with an external power source and a rechargeable battery, a four-fold power supply guarantee system is constructed, significantly improving battery life and alleviating power outage anxiety during extended outdoor use. A preset priority strategy is adopted, prioritizing the use of external power or environmental energy (solar energy, thermal energy) for direct power supply, and charging the battery when energy is abundant, achieving tiered energy utilization and improving energy efficiency. A low-battery protection and intelligent recovery mechanism is set up. When the battery voltage is below a threshold, the positioning module automatically enters a low-power mode; when energy is restored, it automatically wakes up. This mechanism extends the device's battery life under extreme power shortage conditions and improves the robustness of the positioning service. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 The images show the three-dimensional appearance of a water cup from two different viewing angles. In the images: 1. Lid; 2. Cup body; 3. Charging port; 4. Hole; 5. Solar panel.

[0008] Figure 2 Provide a three-dimensional diagram and three-view drawings of the water cup;

[0009] Figure 3 The cross-sectional views and orientations of water cups 1-1 and 2-2 are shown.

[0010] Figure 4 Here are cross-sectional views of water cups 1-1 and 2-2;

[0011] Figure 5 The diagram shows enlarged cross-sectional views 1-1 and 2-2 of the cup lid. In the diagram: 3. Charging port; 4. Ventilation cavity; 5. Solar panel; 6. Cavity in the side wall of the cup lid; 7. Separator; 8. Control main board 1; 9. Separator; 10. Rechargeable battery; 11. Separator; 12. Control main board 2; 13. Positioner; 14. Separator; 15. Separator; 16. One end of the thermoelectric material; 17. Thermoelectric conversion array; 18. The other end of the thermoelectric material; 19. Separator; 20. Cavity in the side wall of the cup body.

[0012] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow of electrical energy between the modules.

[0013] Figure 7 This is a schematic block diagram showing the main module composition and power flow of this embodiment.

[0014] Figure 8 This is the circuit schematic diagram for this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The dimensions, proportions, and shapes in the drawings are for illustration and explanation only and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can adjust the specific dimensions and aspect ratios of the product according to the needs of actual application scenarios. Any variations that adopt the same structural principles and logic control methods as the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0017] Hardware structure of this embodiment: Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, a water cup equipped with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator includes a lid (1) and a body (2), which are connected by a threaded screw. (Refer to...) Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The cup lid is layered from top to bottom by partitions; the top layer is a solar panel (5), below which is a partition (7), below which is a control board 1 (8), then below which is a partition (9), below which is a rechargeable battery (10), below which is a partition (11), below which is a control board 2 (12) and a global satellite navigation locator (13), then below which is a partition (14), below which is a partition (15), but between the partition (14) and the partition (15) is a ventilation cavity (4), below which is a thermoelectric generator (16, 17, 18), where (16) is the cold end material of the thermoelectric generator, (18) is the hot end material of the thermoelectric generator, and (17) is the thermoelectric conversion array of the thermoelectric generator, then below which is a partition (19), which is also the bottom layer of the cup lid; inside the cup lid A cavity (6) is formed between the side wall and the outer side wall; partitions (7), (9), (11), (14), (15) and (19) are fixed to the inner side wall of the cup lid, and partitions (14) and (15) are formed between the upper and lower partitions. These partitions can be provided with openings in the side wall, i.e. the inner side wall of the cup lid, for passing through circuit wires; the two ends (16, 18) of the thermoelectric generator are in contact with the partitions (15) and (19) respectively; the two ends (16) and (18) of the thermoelectric generator are evenly and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the thermoelectric conversion array (17); the solar panel (5), the control main board 1 (8), the rechargeable battery (10), the control main board 2 (12), the locator (13) and the thermoelectric generator (16, 17, 18) are all fixed, glued or detachably connected to the partition side of the partition in the partition or the inner side of the cup lid; holes are opened in the side wall of the cup lid of the partition with the control main board 1 (8) for setting charging holes (3).

[0018] In this embodiment, the input of electrical energy is as follows: (Reference) Figures 3-6External power is input into the circuit through the charging port (3). The charging port is waterproofed to prevent the internal circuit and module of the cup lid from getting damp and failing. The solar panel (5) is located on the top of the cup lid and can convert into electrical energy when it receives sunlight. The two ends (16 and 18) of the thermoelectric generator are in contact with the cold end partition (15) and the hot end partition (19) respectively. When hot water is contained in the cup body (2), the heat of the hot water can be transferred to the partition (19) through direct contact, hot steam and heat radiation. The end material (18) becomes hot when in contact with the partition (19), while the end material (16) moves away from the partition. (18) On one hand, it contacts the partition (15). Above the partition (15) is the ventilation cavity (4). The ventilation cavity (4) allows air to circulate and carry away heat. The temperature of the partition (15) is close to the air temperature. Under the contact and heat transfer of the partition (15), the temperature of the end material (16) is lower than that of the end material (18). The end material (16) and (18) rely on the temperature difference. The electrons and holes (collectively called charge carriers) inside them drift directionally from the hot end to the cold end under the drive of thermoelectric potential to form a current and input into the circuit. The three types of input electrical energy are transmitted or stored through the wires arranged in the cavity (6) of the cup lid side wall.

[0019] The detailed explanation of why the ventilation cavity (4) allows air to circulate and carry away heat, thereby creating a temperature difference environment for the thermoelectric generator, is as follows: As a fluid, air flows according to the classical fluid dynamics formula: Q=v·A, where Q is the total airflow through a certain cross-section, v is the speed of the air when it passes through a certain cross-section, and A is the area of ​​the cross-section through which the air passes. Compared with an open cross-section, the cross-section formed by the overall outline of the water cup only leaves ventilation holes, which significantly reduces the effective cross-section through which air can pass. When the normally flowing air suddenly encounters the obstruction of the cross-section of the water cup, in the same amount of time, in order to flow through the same flow as the open cross-section, due to the reduction of A, it can only increase the speed v to pass through the ventilation cavity (4). Therefore, the airflow speed in the ventilation cavity (4) is higher than that in the nearby open environment, which carries away the heat conducted by the wall surrounding the ventilation cavity (4) more quickly, reduces the surface temperature, and finally provides a temperature difference environment for the two ends (16 and 18) of the thermoelectric generator, thereby generating electricity. In most outdoor environments, air flows smoothly and can create conditions for ventilation. In addition to passively relying on the natural slow heat dissipation in a low wind environment to generate electricity through the temperature difference between the two ends (16 and 18) of the thermoelectric generator via the cavity, the water cup can also be placed under ventilation conditions along the cavity by the user. The heat is carried away by the rapid airflow through the ventilation cavity (4), which generates electricity through the temperature difference between the two ends (16 and 18) of the thermoelectric generator.

[0020] As three other preferred design and manufacturing options that can be used together, the partition (15) can be made of a material with a thermal conductivity higher than or even much higher than that of the materials used for other partitions and the cup body; the opening size of the ventilation cavity (4) can be adjusted to the size with the highest efficiency in removing heat through airflow; the wall of the ventilation cavity (4) can be adjusted to a symmetrical streamline shape protruding from all sides toward the center of the hole to improve the airflow rate and thus improve the efficiency of heat removal. As another preferred usage option, the ventilation cavity (4) allows airflow, so the water cup can not only be placed in the air, but also in a fluid environment with a temperature lower than that of the hot liquid inside the water cup, such as water or rain and snow, so that a more significant temperature difference is formed between the two ends (16 and 18) of the thermoelectric generator for power generation.

[0021] Electrical energy transfer: Reference Figure 6 The power transfer logic and path in this preferred embodiment are as follows:

[0022] 1. When only an external power source is connected, and the solar panels and thermoelectric generator are not generating effective electrical energy:

[0023] 1.1 When the battery is not fully charged, it is simultaneously powered and charged. The power received by the external power receiving element is divided into two paths: one path powers the locator, with the power supply path being external power supply → control motherboard 1 → control motherboard 2 → locator; the other path charges the battery, with the power supply path being external power supply → control motherboard 1 → rechargeable battery.

[0024] 1.2 Powered and battery fully charged: At this time, the control motherboard 1 cuts off the power supply to the battery while maintaining power supply to the locator.

[0025] 1.3 Fully charged batteries will not overflow: The control motherboard 1 will monitor the battery or voltage in real time. Once the full charge voltage is reached (e.g., 4.2V), the charging circuit will be stopped immediately, and only the charging of the locator will be maintained.

[0026] 2. No external power source is received and the thermoelectric generator does not produce effective electrical energy; the system relies solely on solar power.

[0027] 2.1 When the battery is not fully charged, it is simultaneously powered and charged. The power input from the solar panel is divided into two paths: one path powers the locator, with the power supply path being solar panel → control main board 1 → control main board 2 → locator; the other path charges the battery, with the power supply path being solar panel → control main board 1 → rechargeable battery.

[0028] 2.2 When solar power is continuously generating electricity and the battery is fully charged: At this time, the control motherboard 1 cuts off the power supply to the battery while continuing to supply power to the locator.

[0029] 2.3 Fully charged batteries will not overflow: The control motherboard 1 will monitor the battery or voltage in real time. Once the full charge voltage is reached (e.g., 4.2 V), the charging circuit will be stopped immediately, and only the charging of the locator will be maintained.

[0030] 3. No external power source is received and the solar panels do not generate effective electrical energy; power generation relies solely on the thermoelectric generator:

[0031] 3.1 When the battery is not fully charged, it is powered and charged at the same time. The power input from the thermoelectric generator is divided into two paths: one path powers the locator, with the power supply path being thermoelectric generator → control motherboard 1 → control motherboard 2 → locator; the other path charges the battery, with the power supply path being thermoelectric generator → control motherboard 1 → rechargeable battery.

[0032] 3.2 The thermoelectric generator continues to generate electricity and the battery is fully charged: At this time, the control motherboard 1 cuts off the power supply to the battery while maintaining power supply to the positioner.

[0033] 3.3 Fully charged batteries will not overflow: The control motherboard 1 will monitor the battery or voltage in real time. Once the full charge voltage is reached (e.g., 4.2 V), the charging circuit will be stopped immediately, and only the charging circuit for the locator will be maintained.

[0034] 4. No power input, only battery power:

[0035] Rechargeable battery → Control motherboard 2 → Positioner.

[0036] 5. Simultaneous supply of power by two or more methods:

[0037] When conditions permit, if two or more power supply methods are feasible, the external power supply is prioritized, followed by solar power and thermoelectric power in sequence. Control board 1 is responsible for selecting the power supply, while control board 2 is responsible for voltage regulation and current limiting. A power management tree architecture (PMIC architecture) is adopted, ensuring that the battery's energy is replenished during power supply regardless of which of the three power supply methods is used. Control board 1 detects the status of the three power supplies and selects only one to prevent current conflicts. Control board 2 converts the fluctuating battery voltage (3.0 V~4.0 V) into a clean, constant 3.3 V supply to the locator.

[0038] 6. High-priority energy sources are insufficient, requiring battery replenishment.

[0039] When the high-priority power supply is insufficient, the input electrical energy alone is not enough to support the normal operation of the locator. The missing part is supplemented by the battery. The battery's electrical energy and the input electrical energy are combined in the specific circuit and input to the locator. The power supply path is: high-priority power supply + battery → control motherboard 2 → locator.

[0040] 7. Low battery protection strategy and intelligent recovery mechanism

[0041] When the battery voltage is detected to be below the threshold, the positioning module enters a low-power mode, which is achieved through software settings that work in conjunction with the positioning module; when the battery voltage recovers or when high-priority energy is detected to be sufficient to support normal operation, it automatically returns to normal mode.

[0042] Main functional modules and their power supply logic: Reference Figure 7 To achieve the required functionality, the main module composition and corresponding power supply logic in this preferred embodiment are as follows:

[0043] 1. Control motherboard 1

[0044] In this embodiment, the control motherboard 1 mainly realizes several functions such as multi-source input, charging management, automatic switching and full charge stop charging. In addition, it should play a full protection function to prevent overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, short circuit, reverse connection and circulating current.

[0045] In this embodiment, the main charging management section of the control motherboard 1 uses a CN3791 (SSOP-10 package, 4.9 mm × 3.9 mm) for external power supply and solar power generation. This chip supports a wide input voltage range of 4.5 V to 28 V, with a maximum charging current of 4 A. It has a built-in MPPT (maximum power point tracking) circuit, which can automatically adjust the input voltage according to the light intensity, thereby efficiently and stably charging the rechargeable battery. Together with other modules in the circuit, it can simultaneously charge the battery and supply power to the locator, automatically stopping charging when the battery is fully charged.

[0046] In this embodiment, the thermoelectric energy harvesting and boosting of the control motherboard 1 uses the BQ25570 (e.g., BQ25570RGRR, VQFN-20 package, 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm). This chip supports input voltages from 0.1V to 5.1V, with a cold start voltage as low as 330mV, and can harvest microwatt-level energy from the thermoelectric generator. The chip integrates an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) circuit and a boost charger, achieving a boost efficiency of over 92%. It can boost minute amounts of energy and store it in the battery, then power the system load through an integrated high-efficiency buck converter.

[0047] In this embodiment, the multi-source automatic switching (anti-circulating current core) control board 1 uses three AO3401 transistors (such as AO3401A, SOT-23 package, 2.9 mm × 1.3 mm). The AO3401 core is a P-channel MOSFET with a withstand voltage of up to 30 V, an on-resistance of <50 mΩ, and a continuous current of up to 4.2 A. Its source is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and its drain is connected to the power load. By controlling the gate level (low level for conduction, high level for cutoff), the power supply to the load is controlled. Using three AO3401 transistors can achieve automatic priority switching of three inputs. For example, when an external power supply is connected, the solar power generation and thermoelectric power generation inputs are automatically blocked, and the external power supply is used first.

[0048] In this embodiment, the battery protection (BMS) of the control motherboard 1 uses the S-8261AB (such as S-8261ABRMD-G3RT2S, SOT-23-6 package, 2.9 mm × 1.6 mm). The S-8261AB series battery protection IC has a built-in high-precision voltage detection circuit, which can protect a single lithium battery from overcharge, over-discharge, and overcurrent. The operating voltage is 1.5V~8V, the overcharge detection voltage is 3.9V~4.5V, and the over-discharge detection voltage is 2.0V~3.0V. It adopts a three-stage overcurrent detection, setting different detection voltages and delay times for overcurrent 1, overcurrent 2, and load short circuit conditions, thereby avoiding false triggering while ensuring safety. Furthermore, the charger connection terminal (VM / CO) of this series of chips adopts a high-voltage design (up to 28V), which can effectively prevent damage from voltage surges during charging. Its quiescent current is extremely low, less than 1 μA, and its power consumption is extremely low, consuming almost no battery power.

[0049] In this embodiment, the battery voltage detection (full charge monitoring) of the control motherboard 1 relies on the high-precision voltage reference source and voltage detection circuit built into both CN3791 and BQ25570. This circuit can monitor the battery terminal voltage in real time and compare it with the internal reference signal. When the battery voltage is detected to reach the preset full charge threshold (e.g., 4.2 V), the internal control logic of the chip automatically terminates the charging process, thereby achieving high-precision overcharge protection.

[0050] In this embodiment, the circuit logic controlling the main board 1 is as follows: (1) Single external power source only: AO3401 conducts the external input, blocks solar power generation and thermoelectric power generation, and charges and uses the device while CN3791 is running, stopping charging when fully charged. (2) Single solar power source only: AO3401 conducts the solar power input, blocks the external power source and thermoelectric power generation, and charges and uses the device while CN3791 is running, stopping charging when fully charged. (3) Single thermoelectric power source only: AO3401 conducts the thermoelectric power input, blocks the external power source and solar power generation, and after BQ25570 boosts the voltage, charges and uses the device while CN3791 is running, stopping charging when fully charged. (4) Simultaneous power supply from multiple sources: AO3401 automatically switches priorities, only conducting the highest priority power source (external power source is the highest priority, solar power generation and thermoelectric power generation are supplied in sequence), with no circulating current, and charges and uses the device while CN3791 is running. (5) Pure battery power supply: CN3791 and BQ25570 shut down the charging circuit, and the battery supplies power to the control motherboard 2 and the positioner.

[0051] 2. Rechargeable battery

[0052] In this embodiment, the rechargeable battery is a single-cell lithium polymer pouch battery. The battery has a nominal voltage of 3.7 V, a rated capacity of 1000 mAh, a charging cut-off voltage of 4.2 V, and a discharging cut-off voltage of 3.0 V. The battery uses an ultra-thin pouch size of 30 mm × 40 mm × 3 mm. The shape of the pouch lithium battery is customizable, it has high volumetric energy density, and can be adjusted to fit different placement spaces. This battery can support the locator to operate continuously for 3-5 days in low-power mode. Overall, this battery meets the requirements of small size, sufficient capacity, and long battery life.

[0053] 3. Control motherboard 2

[0054] In this embodiment, the control motherboard 2 mainly realizes the stable conversion of the fluctuating battery voltage (3.0 V~4.2 V) or the input power supply voltage into a pure 3.3 V for the positioner; current limiting protection to prevent large current from impacting the positioner; and ensuring low power consumption without additional battery power consumption.

[0055] In this embodiment, the 3.3V voltage regulator section uses the RT9193-3.3V (e.g., RT9193-33GB, SOT-23-5 package, 3.0 mm × 1.6 mm). This series of chips has an input voltage of 2.5 V to 5.5 V, an output voltage stable at 3.3 V, a maximum continuous output current of 300 mA, and a typical quiescent current of 2.5 μA. It integrates a low-noise, low-dropout linear regulator (LDO). The noise filtered by this LDO chip is extremely low, not interfering with the locator's RF signal, thus improving positioning accuracy and signal transmission stability. The extremely low quiescent current makes it suitable for battery-powered locators, and the power consumption is extremely low. The stable 3.3V output is compatible with battery voltages of 3.0 V to 4.2 V. When the locator instantly switches from sleep mode to transmit mode, the load current changes abruptly; this LDO can quickly respond and stabilize the voltage, preventing microcontroller reset due to voltage drops.

[0056] In this embodiment, the reverse connection protection relies on CN3791 and BQ25570, both of which have built-in reverse connection protection circuits.

[0057] In this embodiment, the circuit logic controlling the motherboard 2 is as follows: battery or input power via CN3791 → RT9193 - 3.3V (regulated) → positioner. Regardless of the power supply mode, the final output is a stable 3.3V through RT9193, providing a stable and clean power supply to the positioner.

[0058] 4. Positioner

[0059] The positioner described in this embodiment is designed to be small in size, low in power consumption, and compatible with 3.3V power supply.

[0060] In this embodiment, the main control microcontroller (MCU) uses a STMicroelectronics STM32L431KCU6 32-bit microcontroller (such as STM32L431KCU6TR, UFQFPN-32 package, 5.0 mm × 5.0 mm). This chip is equipped with an ARM Cortex-M4 core, with a main frequency of up to 80 MHz, and integrates 256 KB Flash and 64 KB SRAM. Its ultra-low power consumption characteristics are suitable for the battery-powered situation in this embodiment and meet the design requirements of low-power portable devices.

[0061] In this embodiment, the GNSS receiver module of the locator adopts a NEO-M9N miniature surface-mount positioning module (such as NEO-M9N-00B, LCC package, 16.0 mm × 12.2 mm × 2.4 mm), with a power supply voltage range of 2.7 V to 3.6 V. The operating current in continuous positioning mode is approximately 34 mA, and the operating current in standby mode is approximately 1.5 mA. Based on the M9 platform, this module can simultaneously receive signals from four satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. Its high sensitivity of -167 dBm ensures stable positioning in complex environments such as urban areas and canyons. The module communicates with the main controller via a UART interface to output positioning data in NMEA format. The module uses a surface-mount package with no pins, allowing direct soldering to the PCB and saving space. Its mature positioning engine and low power consumption effectively extend the device's battery life while maintaining positioning accuracy.

[0062] In this embodiment, the communication module is responsible for uploading positioning data and uses an EC200U 4G LTE Cat.1 wireless communication module. This module is developed based on the Qualcomm platform, integrating LTE-TDD / LTE-FDD / GSM multi-mode RF units, supporting 3.3V single power supply, LCC packaging, and measuring 23.6 mm × 19.9 mm × 2.1 mm. The module has a built-in TCP / IP protocol stack, supporting high-speed data transmission, voice calls, and SMS functions. The module interacts with the main control chip via a UART serial port, responsible for uploading GNSS positioning data to the server in real time and receiving remote control commands. In a preferred embodiment of this system, the module uses a board-to-board connector (or pin header) to connect to the baseboard, retaining the small size and high integration of surface-mount modules while facilitating subsequent maintenance and replacement. This design meets the ultra-low power consumption requirements of this system and can stably achieve real-time uploading of positioning data.

[0063] 5. Input Source

[0064] The principle for selecting the input source in this embodiment is to select an input source (including solar panels, thermoelectric generators, and external power supplies) with appropriate models and parameters to ensure a balance between size and efficiency, adapt to the selected chip, and meet the power supply requirements.

[0065] In this embodiment, a 5 V 1 W polycrystalline silicon solar panel is selected, with dimensions of 50 mm × 50 mm × 3 mm and an output peak voltage of approximately 5 V. It is compatible with CN3791 input, has a small size, and can be directly installed on the top of the cup lid.

[0066] In this embodiment, the thermoelectric generator (TEG) selected is the TEG1-12706 standard thermoelectric generator, with dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 3.6 mm. It generates electricity by utilizing heat exchange between the internal and external environments of the thermoelectric generator. Its low start-up voltage is compatible with the input characteristics of the BQ25570 ultra-low power energy harvesting chip. Under typical temperature difference conditions (e.g., 30℃-50℃), although the output power is in the milliwatt (mW) range, it is sufficient to provide trickle charging for the energy storage unit and power the positioner via the BQ25570.

[0067] In this embodiment, the external power supply is a universal 5V USB input, compatible with CN3791 input, and compatible with mobile phone chargers and power banks, used for quickly charging the battery or providing emergency power replenishment.

[0068] Special note, Figure 7 For a detailed structural diagram, CN3791 is a charging chip with built-in power path management. Its BAT pin is a bidirectional port, which is automatically divided into two logics: (1) Charging side (to the battery): Power is drawn from VBUS, passed through the internal charging circuit, and output from the BAT pin to charge the S-8261AB / battery. (2) System power supply side (to the load): Power is automatically drawn from the BAT pin to supply power to the system (control motherboard 2). When there is a VBUS input: VBUS power is used first to supply power to the system and charge the battery; when there is no VBUS input: it automatically switches to battery power to supply power to the system. Therefore, Figure 7 The control motherboard 1 has two paths leading out to ultimately power the positioner. In actual operation, the two paths are actually divided into two paths at the BAT pin.

[0069] It should also be noted that, although Figure 7 The S-8261AB battery protection chip is located upstream of the rechargeable lithium battery, yet it still prevents both overcharging and over-discharging. This is because the S-8261AB is a dedicated two-in-one protection chip for single-cell lithium batteries, integrating two core MOSFETs to control the charging and discharging circuits respectively: When the battery voltage > the chip's built-in threshold (e.g., 4.25V), the internal charging MOSFET instantly turns off, completely cutting off the charging circuit from CN3791 to the battery, preventing the battery voltage from rising further and thus preventing overcharging; when the battery voltage < the chip's built-in threshold (e.g., 2.5V), the internal discharging MOSFET instantly turns off, completely cutting off the discharging circuit from the battery to the control board 2, preventing the battery voltage from decreasing further and thus preventing over-discharging. Because the S-8261AB is connected in series in the battery's overall circuit, it can simultaneously prevent overcharging and over-discharging.

[0070] Overall module working logic: Combining the above main module components and their respective power supply logic, the overall working logic in this embodiment is as follows:

[0071] 1. Only requires external power supply.

[0072] AO3401 enables external input and automatically blocks solar / temperature difference input; CN3791 operation: external power is divided into two paths, one for charging the battery and the other for powering the locator (charging while in use). The subsequent path for charging the battery is CN3791 → S-8261AB battery protection → rechargeable lithium battery. The subsequent path for powering the locator is CN3791 → RT9193-3.3V → locator load (STM32L431KCU6 main controller + NEO-M9N positioning module + EC200U LTE Cat 1 wireless communication module). When the battery is fully charged (e.g., 4.2V), CN3791 automatically cuts off the charging circuit and only maintains power supply to the load.

[0073] 2. Only requires power supply from solar panels.

[0074] When the external power supply is disconnected, AO3401 connects the solar power input and blocks the thermoelectric power input. CN3791 operates as follows: solar power generation is divided into two paths, one to charge the battery and the other to power the locator (charging while in use). The specific path for charging the battery is CN3791 → S-8261AB battery protection → rechargeable lithium battery. The specific path for powering the locator is CN3791 → RT9193-3.3V → locator load (STM32L431KCU6 main controller + NEO-M9N positioning module + EC200U LTECat 1 wireless communication module). When the battery is fully charged, CN3791 automatically cuts off the charging circuit, maintaining only the load power supply. The built-in MPPT maximizes solar energy efficiency, allowing for efficient charging even on cloudy days.

[0075] 3. Only has the power supply capability for thermoelectric generators.

[0076] When the external power supply and solar power generation are disconnected, the BQ25570 boosts the low-voltage TEG voltage, and the AO3401 activates thermoelectric power generation. The CN3791 operates as follows: thermoelectric power generation is divided into two paths, one charging the battery and the other powering the locator (charging while in use). The subsequent path for charging the battery is CN3791 → S-8261AB battery protection → rechargeable lithium battery. The subsequent path for powering the locator is CN3791 → RT9193-3.3V → locator load (STM32L431KCU6 main controller + NEO-M9N positioning module + EC200U LTE Cat 1 wireless communication module). When the battery is fully charged, the CN3791 automatically cuts off the charging circuit, maintaining only power supply to the load. The BQ25570 is a dedicated ultra-low voltage energy harvesting chip, capable of starting at 0.1V, boosting the low-voltage TEG voltage to approximately 4.2V to participate in subsequent power transfer, maximizing thermoelectric power generation efficiency.

[0077] 4. Battery powered only.

[0078] All input sources are disconnected, CN3791 shuts down the charging circuit; the battery directly powers the control motherboard 2, and RT9193 provides a regulated 3.3V output to the positioner; S-8261AB provides real-time battery protection to prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and overcurrent.

[0079] 5. Possess power supply conditions with two or more power supply methods.

[0080] Automatic priority switching between the three AO3401s: external power supply is the highest priority, solar power and thermoelectric power supply are supplied in sequence, and only the highest priority power supply is selected to supply power; avoiding circulating current and current conflict; the selected power supply works in the corresponding mode, charging and using at the same time, the battery is continuously replenished, and charging stops when fully charged.

[0081] 6. High-priority energy sources are insufficient, requiring battery replenishment.

[0082] When the VBUS power supply is insufficient to maintain a 3.3V output after passing through RT9193-3.3V (i.e., input power < load power), the VBUS power supply will drop instantly. Once the VBUS voltage is lower than the current voltage of the lithium battery, the lithium battery will automatically start discharging. The current will flow out of the lithium battery, through S-8261AB, to the output terminal of CN3791, and merge with the external power supply to jointly supply power to the load through RT9193-3.3V.

[0083] 7. Low battery protection strategy and intelligent recovery mechanism

[0084] The STM32L431KCU6 main controller continuously monitors the RT9193 output voltage via its analog-to-digital converter (ADC) pin (or directly detects the battery voltage, or detects the RT9193 input voltage). When the RT9193 output voltage is detected to be lower than a preset threshold (e.g., 3.1V) (or if the battery voltage is detected to be lower than 3.3V, or if the RT9193 input voltage is detected to be lower than 3.3V), the STM32L431KCU6 main controller controls the EC200U module to reduce heartbeat packet transmission, lower the positioning frequency, and shut down the NEO-M9N module, only powering it on when positioning is needed. The STM32L431KCU6 main controller itself enters sleep or shutdown mode, retaining only RTC wake-up. In low-power mode, the STM32L431KCU6 main controller periodically wakes up and checks the following two conditions; recovery is achieved if either condition is met: Condition 1: Battery recharging, the system detects that the battery voltage has risen back to the recovery threshold (e.g., 3.8V). V, and set a hysteresis interval to prevent frequent jumps near the threshold); Condition 2: The external power supply is sufficient, and the system detects that the VBUS voltage is continuously stable at a high level (such as greater than 4.5 V) and the duration exceeds the stability judgment time (such as 5 seconds, used for filtering to prevent false judgments caused by poor contact).

[0085] The circuit diagram of this embodiment is as follows: The specific circuit principle of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 8 Each module's GND pin is grounded and connected to a common ground:

[0086] 1. Multi-mode power input and automatic priority switching circuit

[0087] This part of the circuit implements a "high voltage priority" power supply strategy through a common-gate P-channel MOSFET array (such as AO3401A), supporting three energy inputs: external power supply, solar energy, and thermoelectric energy.

[0088] External power input branch: The external power supply (+5V) is connected to the source (S) of the P-channel MOSFET Q1 (model AO3401A); the gate (G) of Q1 is connected to the system power bus VBUS; the drain (D) of Q1 is connected to VBUS.

[0089] Solar input branch: The solar input terminal (VSOL) is connected to the source (S) of the P-channel MOSFET Q2 (model AO3401A); the gate (G) of Q2 is connected to VBUS; the drain (D) of Q2 is connected to VBUS.

[0090] Thermoelectric energy harvesting branch: The thermoelectric generator input terminal (VTG) is connected to the DC input pin VIN_DC (pin 2) of the energy harvesting chip U2 (model BQ25570RGRR); after boosting and regulating, U2 outputs voltage from the output pin VOUT (pin 14), which is connected to the source (S) of the P-channel MOSFET Q3 (model AO3401A); the gate (G) of Q3 is connected to VBUS; the drain (D) of Q3 is connected to VBUS.

[0091] 2. Main power supply and battery charging management circuit

[0092] This part of the circuit is responsible for transferring the selected energy to the charging management chip and managing the battery's charging and discharging:

[0093] Main power supply path: The system power bus VBUS is connected to the anode of diode D1 (model SS34) through resistor R6; the cathode of D1 is connected to the power input pin VCC (pin 9) of the charging management chip U1 (model CN3791); when any external power source, solar or thermoelectric energy is connected, the current flows to U1 through VBUS, R6, and D1 to provide the operating voltage for U1.

[0094] Charging Management: The battery connection pin BAT (pin 7) of U1 is connected to the positive terminal of the rechargeable battery VBAT through the drain (D) of the P-channel MOSFET Q4 (model AO3407A); the gate (G) of Q4 is connected to the drive pin DRV (pin 10) of U1, and the source (S) is connected to VBAT; U1 manages the battery charging with constant current or constant voltage through Q4 based on the energy provided by VBUS; the CSP pin (pin 8) of U1 is the current detection terminal, which is grounded through resistor R7 and used to set the charging current.

[0095] This circuit constructs a "dynamic power path management system based on charging state" using dual P-MOS transistors (Q4, Q6). Its core logic is to intelligently distribute power using the DRV state of the drive pin of the charging management chip U1 (model CN3791).

[0096] When external energy is sufficient (charging mode + battery replenishment mechanism), current enters U1 (CN3791) from VBUS. U1 detects that the battery voltage is lower than the set value, and its DRV pin (pin 10) outputs a low level. Since DRV is low, the gate-source voltage VGS of Q4 is less than 0, and Q4 is turned on. At this time, the potential of the BAT pin of U1 is pulled high (higher than the battery voltage), and the current is divided into two paths: most of the current flows directly into the battery for constant current or constant voltage charging, and a small portion of the current supplies power to the load. The battery is in a "floating charge" or "being charged" state, and the battery voltage remains stable. The battery supplies power to U6 through the turned-on Q6, and then supplies power to the positioning module. When the battery voltage exceeds the set value, the level of the DRV pin (pin 10) of U1 rises, Q4 is no longer turned on, charging stops, and the current only flows to the load.

[0097] When the external energy is weak or there is no input (in battery independent power supply mode), U1 cannot detect sufficient input voltage and stops charging. The DRV pin (pin 10) of U1 becomes high impedance, or is pulled up to a high level (close to the potential of the BAT pin (pin 7)) internally or externally. The gate-source voltage VGS of Q4 is approximately 0, so Q4 is cut off, disconnecting U1 from the battery and preventing the battery from flowing back to the solar panel, thermoelectric generator, or being depleted. At this time, the system relies entirely on battery energy storage. The current flows from the positive terminal VBAT of the battery, through the conducting Q6 (U3 detects that the voltage is normal, and the DO pin keeps Q6 conducting), into the U6 regulator, and finally supplies the positioning module.

[0098] When there is moderate external energy and input, but the input power is insufficient to support the high current transmission of the positioning module (e.g., GPS positioning requires 500mA instantaneously, while solar energy only provides 100mA) (hybrid complementary power supply mode), when the load current suddenly increases, the battery voltage will have a momentary drop trend. However, since Q4 is conducting in the charging state, U1, as a step-down converter, will try to maintain the voltage of the BAT pin (number 7). This circuit uses the battery as a "buffer pool". When the external input is insufficient, the battery voltage will naturally drop. At this time, if U1 is still trying to charge (but the current is limited), the battery will discharge at the same time to fill the power gap of the load. It will merge with the external energy at the battery end (VBAT node) to meet the load demand and ensure the stable operation of the positioning module in low light or low thermoelectric environment.

[0099] 2. Battery protection and load power supply circuit:

[0100] Battery protection: This circuit uses a battery protection chip and a MOSFET to protect the battery and manage the load power supply. Battery protection involves connecting the positive terminal of the battery's VBAT to the power pin VDD (pin 5) of the battery protection chip U3 (model S-8261ABRMD-G3RT2S). Simultaneously, the positive terminal of VBAT is connected to the source (S) of the P-channel MOSFET Q6 (model AO3401A), and then via the drain (D) of Q6 to the input pin VIN (pin 1) of U6, which in turn connects to the load (i.e., the power supply to the load). The power supply line for the positioning module); the gate of Q6 is controlled by pin DO (1) of the battery protection chip U3; U3 monitors the battery voltage (its VM pin (2) is grounded through R8 to detect current or short circuit): when the battery voltage is normal and there is no overcurrent, the DO pin of U3 outputs a high level (or a high impedance state, determined by the pull-down or pull-up configuration of R9), Q6 is turned on, and the battery supplies power to the load; if the battery is over-discharged or over-current, U3 pulls the DO pin low (or changes the level), turns off Q6, cuts off the battery's power supply to the load, and plays a protective role.

[0101] Load power supply circuit: The output pin VOUT (pin 5) of the LDO regulator U6 (model RT9193-33GB) is connected to the power supply pin of the positioning module to provide a stable 3.3V operating voltage for the positioning module.

[0102] 3. Positioning module and communication circuit

[0103] The core components of this positioning and communication subsystem include a GPS module U5 (model NEO-M9N-00B), an MCU U4 (model STM32L431KCU6TR), and an LTE Cat 1 wireless communication module (model EC200U) connected to pin headers H1 and H2, in order to receive satellite signals, calculate position, speed and time information, and exchange data with external devices. Figure 8 Pin headers H1 and H2 are used to connect to the EC200U communication module. The specific connection and operating logic of this part of the circuit are as follows:

[0104] Power supply connections: The VOUT pin (pin 5) of U6 is connected to: the digital core VDD pin (pin 1), VDD pin (pin 17) and analog section VDDA / VREF+ pin (pin 5) of U4 (model STM32L431KCU6TR); the RESET_N pin (pin 8), RF section VCC_RF pin (pin 9), LNA_EN pin (pin 14), digital core VCC pin (pin 23), and TXD pin (pin 20) of U5 (model NEO-M9N-00B); the VCC pin (pin 1) of header H1 (model PZ254V-11-04P) is used to power connected external devices (such as EC200U communication modules).

[0105] Reset circuit: The NRST pin (pin 4) of U4 is connected to VDD (pin 1) through resistor R11, and the NRST pin (pin 4) of U4 is connected to the VSS pin (pin 16) through capacitor C9, forming a standard RC reset circuit to ensure reliable reset when the system is powered on.

[0106] Grounding and decoupling capacitors: The EP pin (33), VSS pin (32), and VSS pin (16) of U4 are all connected to GND; capacitor C7 is connected between the VDD pin (17) and the VSS pin (16); capacitor C8 is connected between the VDD pin (1) and the VSS pin (32).

[0107] Connections between MCU (U4) and pin headers H1 and H2: Connect U4's PA7 pin (pin 13) to H2's RESET pin (pin 2), and connect U4's PB1 pin (pin 15) to H2's POWERKEY pin (pin 1), enabling the MCU to perform a hard reset or control the power on / off of the external communication module by outputting high and low levels; connect U4's PA3 pin (pin 9) to H1's TXD pin (pin 4); connect U4's PA2 pin (pin 8) to H1's RXD pin (pin 3).

[0108] Connection of GPS module (U5) to pin header H1: Connect the TXD pin (20) of U5 to the TXD pin (4) of H1; connect the RXD pin (21) of U5 to the RXD pin (3) of H1.

[0109] Direct communication between the MCU (U4) and the GPS module (U5): The PA2 pin (8) of U4 is connected to the RXD pin (21) of U5, and the PA3 pin (9) of U4 is connected to the TXD pin (20) of U5. The MCU and the GPS module communicate directly through the serial port (UART). The H1 header brings out the serial port signal for use by external modules (such as EC200U).

[0110] GPS module control: In the diagram, LNA_EN (pin 14) and RESET_N (pin 8) of U5 are both connected to VCC (3.3V). This means that the low-noise amplifier enable pin LNA_EN (pin 14) of the GPS module is always enabled, and the module is in a non-reset state (normal operation).

[0111] Data Flow: GPS module U5 receives satellite signals through its antenna interface, processes them internally, and generates positioning data in formats such as NMEA. U5 sends the positioning data out through its TXD pin (pin 20). This signal is simultaneously connected to the PA3 pin (UART RX) (pin 9) of MCU U4 and the TXD pin (pin 4) of header H1, meaning that both the MCU and external devices can listen to the raw GPS data. MCU U4 can send configuration commands (such as setting the update frequency, baud rate, etc.) to the RXD pin (pin 21) of GPS module U5 through its PA2 pin (UART TX) (pin 8). Header H1 brings out the UART serial port (TXD / RXD) and power supply. After an external communication module (such as the 4G module EC200U) is connected to H1, it can directly obtain GPS data and send it to the server through the cellular network.

[0112] 4. Implementation of hybrid complementary power supply logic, low-power protection strategy and intelligent recovery mechanism

[0113] Hybrid complementary power supply logic (automatic hardware + software monitoring): This part of the logic mainly relies on the physical characteristics of the power supply circuit (diode anti-reverse current), but the MCU needs to monitor: when high-priority energy is insufficient, the battery automatically intervenes. At the hardware level (no code required, physical implementation): the power input terminals (external power supply, solar power, and thermoelectric power) are connected in parallel through a P-channel MOSFET circuit (model AO3401A) (or Schottky diode). The higher voltage power supply will automatically supply power to the system. If the solar voltage drops momentarily (e.g., due to cloud cover), and the battery voltage (typically 3.7V~4.2V) is higher than the dropped solar voltage, the battery will automatically discharge to the system through the P-channel MOSFET (or diode) to fill the power gap. At the software level (STM32L431KCU6TR monitoring): pin PB1 (15) of U4 is configured as an ADC (analog-to-digital converter). In this mode, the series resistor R21 is connected to the battery voltage divider circuit and then to the VOUT pin (pin 5) of U6. U4 periodically (e.g., every 100ms) reads the ADC value of the PB1 pin (pin 15) to indirectly calculate the current battery voltage V_bat. If the system is detected to be working, but V_bat is dropping rapidly, it means that the input power is less than the load power. At this time, the system is in a mixed power supply state. U4 does not need to do anything extra, it only needs to record the state, because this has already happened automatically.

[0114] Low power protection strategy: It is divided into two stages. The first stage is mild power saving, which retains basic functions: U4 sends the UBX command to U5 through pin PA2 (8) or PA3 (9) according to UART rules, setting U5 to sleep or shutdown power saving mode or reducing the positioning frequency (e.g., from 1 Hz to 0.1 Hz), retaining only the RTC wake-up function. The second stage is heavy power saving. If the voltage continues to drop below the emergency threshold, the PA15 pin (25) of U4 outputs a low level, pulling down the LNA_EN pin (14) of the connected U5, cutting off the GPS signal reception, that is, shutting down the radio frequency. In addition, U4 sends the UBX command to make U5 enter the power mode (also called power consumption mode) or directly cut off the power (provided that there is a MOSFET controlling the power supply). U4 configures its own RTC wake-up function and then enters the shutdown low power mode.

[0115] Exiting Low-Power Mode (Recovery Logic): In low-power mode, U5 must periodically wake up to check its status, either by a timer (e.g., every 5 minutes) or an external interrupt (e.g., a pin detects a button or an external signal). The recovery logic is based on two conditions: battery recharging and sufficient external power supply. U4 reads the ADC data from pin PB1 (pin 15), which is connected to the VOUT pin (pin 5) of U6. Based on the ADC data, it calculates the battery voltage or the VBUS input voltage. When the battery voltage is higher than the recovery threshold voltage (with hysteresis set to prevent repeated fluctuations near the threshold) or the VBUS input voltage is higher than the recovery threshold voltage and the voltage is stable for a duration exceeding the judgment time (e.g., three consecutive normal checks take approximately 30 seconds), U4 sends a UBX command to U5 via pin PA2 (pin 8) or PA3 (pin 9) according to UART rules to exit power-saving mode and restore the original frequency (e.g., 1). (Hz), U4 controls the PA15 pin (pin 25) to restore the default state of the LNQ_EN pin (pin 14) of U5 (usually high level enabled, or depending on the circuit design), and U4 resumes high-frequency sampling and data upload.

[0116] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water cup equipped with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator, comprising a cup body and a cup lid disposed on the cup body, wherein the cup lid and the cup body are detachably connected; the cup lid has a receiving cavity; characterized in that: The cavity contains a global satellite navigation system positioning module and a power supply module; the positioning module is electrically connected to the power supply module; the power supply module is configured with multiple power supply modes to supply power to the positioning module.

2. The water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module includes a rechargeable battery, an external power receiving element, a solar panel, a thermoelectric generator, and an auxiliary circuit board. The auxiliary circuit board is electrically connected to the solar panel, the thermoelectric generator, the rechargeable battery, and the external power receiving element, and is used to manage the input, storage, and output distribution of multiple power sources. The auxiliary circuit board is configured to supply power to the positioning module and the rechargeable battery according to a preset priority strategy and the availability status of each energy source.

3. The water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary circuit board is configured to execute the following power supply logic: when the external power receiving element receives external power, the external power supply is prioritized to power the positioning module and charge the rechargeable battery; when the rechargeable battery is fully charged, the charging path to the rechargeable battery is closed, and the external power supply only powers the positioning module; when the external power receiving element does not receive external power, the circuit follows the following order for energy allocation: detect the output power of the solar panel; if its output power is greater than a first preset threshold, the solar panel powers the positioning module and charges the rechargeable battery. The rechargeable battery is charged; when the rechargeable battery is fully charged, the charging path to the rechargeable battery is closed, and the solar panel only supplies power to the positioning module; if the output power of the solar panel is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, the output power of the thermoelectric generator is further detected. If its output power is greater than the second preset threshold, the thermoelectric generator supplies power to the positioning module and charges the rechargeable battery; when the rechargeable battery is fully charged, the charging path to the rechargeable battery is closed, and the thermoelectric generator only supplies power to the positioning module; when the external power receiving element does not receive the external power... When neither the solar panel nor the thermoelectric generator has any effective energy output, the rechargeable battery supplies power to the positioning module. Furthermore, the circuit is configured to execute a hybrid complementary power supply logic: when in a high-priority energy supply mode, if the instantaneous output power of the energy source is detected to be less than the instantaneous operating power of the positioning module, the rechargeable battery automatically releases energy to supplement the power gap, supplying power to the positioning module together with the high-priority energy source. Simultaneously, the circuit also has a low-power protection strategy: when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is detected to be lower than a preset low-power threshold, the positioning module is controlled to enter a low-power mode. In the low-power operation mode, the frequency of uploading location data is reduced or non-core functions are turned off. Simultaneously, in this low-power operation mode, the circuit is configured to continuously monitor the power input status and battery voltage status. When any of the following recovery conditions are met, the positioning module is controlled to exit the low-power operation mode and return to normal operation mode: Condition 1 (Battery recharging): The voltage of the rechargeable battery rises to a preset recovery threshold; Condition 2 (Sufficient external power supply): The input power of a high-priority energy source is detected to be continuously greater than the peak power consumption of the positioning module in normal operation mode, and the duration exceeds a preset stabilization judgment time.

4. The water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning module includes a microcontroller unit (MCU), a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning unit electrically connected to the MCU, a wireless communication unit, and a storage unit. The MCU is used to receive and process data signals. The GNSS positioning unit is used to receive satellite signals to obtain location information and send the location information to the MCU. The wireless communication unit is communicatively connected to the MCU and is used to upload the location information to a remote server. The storage unit is electrically connected to the MCU and is used to store historical trajectory data or positioning data that has been resumed from where it left off.

5. A water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The storage unit is integrated inside the MCU or is a separately configured external memory.

6. A water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cup lid has a receiving cavity, in which multiple electronic components are stacked along the height direction. The electronic components include a rechargeable battery, a thermoelectric generator, a positioning module, an external power receiving element, and an auxiliary circuit board. The outer surface of the cup lid is provided with the solar panel. An external power interface hole is opened on the cup lid. The external power receiving element is installed in the external power interface hole and is electrically connected to the auxiliary circuit board.

7. A water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The cavity is divided into multiple independent partitions by multiple partitions, each partition being used to separate and house the electronic components; the cup lid includes an inner sidewall and an outer sidewall, with a wiring cavity formed between the inner sidewall and the outer sidewall; the partition is connected to the inner sidewall, and a wire-passing hole is provided on the partition or the inner sidewall to connect the partition and the wiring cavity, with circuit wires passing through the wiring cavity.

8. A water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The partition includes a first partition to a sixth partition arranged sequentially from top to bottom; a first partition layer is formed between the first partition and the second partition for arranging the auxiliary circuit main board and the external power receiving element; A second partition layer is formed between the second partition and the third partition for housing the rechargeable battery; A third partition is formed between the third partition and the fourth partition for housing the positioning module and the auxiliary circuit main board; a ventilation cavity is formed between the fourth partition and the fifth partition. A fourth partition is formed between the fifth and sixth partitions for housing the thermoelectric generator; the solar panel is disposed on the top outer surface of the cup lid and is located above the first partition.

9. A water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cup lid and the cup body are connected by a threaded connection.

10. A water cup with a multi-mode power supply global satellite navigation system locator as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The hot end material of the thermoelectric generator contacts the sixth partition, which is configured to exchange heat with the liquid in the cup; the cold end material of the thermoelectric generator contacts the fifth partition, and the ventilation cavity is configured to allow airflow to remove heat from the fifth partition.

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