A traffic carbon emission actuarial matching method combined with a BIM model

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of carbon emission actuarial matching technology, specifically a method for matching carbon emission actuarial calculations in transportation systems using a BIM model. The method includes the following steps: receiving the BIM model file of a transportation project; performing lightweight processing and structured analysis on the model; extracting all component information and component association attributes from the model; and completing the standardized verification of the BIM model. Based on the analyzed BIM component information, the quantities of each component are automatically calculated according to the transportation engineering quantity calculation specifications, generating a standardized bill of quantities. This invention effectively solves the problem of the disconnect between the BIM model and actuarial work in existing technologies by constructing a full-process collaborative mechanism between the BIM model and the carbon emission accounting platform. It achieves fully automated and intelligent operation from model access and information analysis to actuarial report output, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of carbon emission actuarial calculations in transportation engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission actuarial matching technology, specifically to a method for actuarial matching of transportation carbon emissions combined with a BIM model. Background Technology

[0002] In current carbon emission actuarial work for transportation engineering, the application of BIM models is mostly limited to geometric visualization, failing to achieve deep collaboration with the entire carbon emission actuarial process, resulting in many pain points in the actuarial work.

[0003] In existing technologies, BIM models and carbon emission accounting platforms do not communicate well, and component information is not thoroughly parsed. This makes it impossible to directly provide standardized and structured basic data for actuarial calculations. Component information needs to be extracted manually and entered into the accounting platform, which is not only inefficient but also prone to data deviations.

[0004] Meanwhile, the matching of engineering quantities and carbon emission actuarial quotas relies heavily on manual operation. The matching accuracy is greatly affected by the operator's experience. The lack of scientific similarity calculation and intelligent matching mechanism makes it easy for quota mismatch and omission problems to occur.

[0005] Furthermore, the invocation and binding of carbon emission factors lack flexibility. The calculation process for custom factors for unconventional materials and specialized construction machinery is cumbersome, and the factors cannot be dynamically synchronized with the BIM model after being updated, resulting in lagging actuarial data. Existing actuarial methods have not formed a linkage accounting mechanism for all stages of the entire life cycle. The actuarial results lack visual verification methods, the deviation correction efficiency is low, and there is no dynamic iterative optimization strategy. It is impossible to continuously improve the actuarial accuracy based on actual actuarial data, making it difficult to meet the needs of accurate, efficient, and intelligent carbon emission actuarial calculation for transportation engineering, and also unable to adapt to the complex scenarios of full life cycle carbon emission actuarial calculation for large-scale transportation projects such as first-class highways.

[0006] In summary, a method for accurate matching of traffic carbon emissions based on BIM models is needed to address the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for accurate matching of traffic carbon emissions by combining BIM models, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention proposes a method for actuarial matching of traffic carbon emissions using a BIM model, comprising the following steps: S1. Receive the BIM model file of the traffic engineering project, perform lightweight processing and structured analysis on the model, extract the information of all components and the associated attributes of components in the model, and complete the standardization verification of the BIM model. S2. Based on the parsed BIM component information, the quantities of each component are automatically calculated according to the traffic engineering quantity calculation specifications, and a standardized bill of quantities is generated to achieve real-time data synchronization with the bill of quantities module of the traffic carbon emission accounting platform. S3. Based on the type, characteristics and engineering attributes of BIM components, perform intelligent matching of engineering quantities and carbon emission actuarial quotas, complete the initial screening and verification of matching results, and generate a component-quota matching relationship table; S4. Based on the component-quota matching relationship table and combined with the actual construction plan of the traffic engineering, call the regular factors in the carbon emission factor library, perform custom calculations and input for the unmatched factors, and achieve accurate binding of carbon emission factors with BIM components, construction machinery and transportation methods. S5. Based on the spatial information, component information and bound carbon emission factors of the BIM model, the carbon emission calculations of each stage of building material and component production, raw material and component transportation, assembly and construction, operation and maintenance, demolition and resource recycling are completed in sequence, and the BIM model of the calculation data of each stage is updated in a linked manner. S6. Map the carbon emission calculation results of each stage to the corresponding components and spatial locations in the BIM model, perform visualization verification and deviation analysis of the calculation results, and automatically correct and recalculate the deviations that exceed the threshold. S7. After completing the actuarial calculation, generate a carbon emission actuarial report for the entire life cycle of the transportation project, and realize the associated storage and synchronous output of the BIM model and the actuarial report; S8. Record key parameters and deviation data in the actuarial matching process, optimize BIM component-quota matching rules and factor binding strategies based on user feedback and actuarial results, and realize dynamic iteration of the actuarial matching method.

[0009] Preferably, the implementation process of step S1 is as follows: The received BIM model files are standardized and converted to retain the geometric spatial information and component attribute information of the model while removing redundant data, thus completing the lightweighting process of the model. BIM model components are categorized and extracted according to traffic engineering professional categories, with the categorization dimensions including roadbed, pavement, bridge, culvert, and traffic ancillary facilities; Verify the completeness and accuracy of the extracted component information, mark and remind missing component engineering attributes, identify and correct incorrect component association attributes, and generate a standardized BIM component information database after the verification is passed.

[0010] Preferably, the implementation process of step S2 is as follows: Based on the three-dimensional parameters and geometric features in the BIM component information database, the engineering quantity values ​​of each component are automatically calculated according to the traffic engineering quantity calculation specifications. Following the bill of quantities template of the transportation carbon emission accounting platform, the quantities of each component are formatted and organized to generate a standardized bill of quantities with unique component identifiers. The standardized bill of quantities is synchronized to the bill of quantities module of the transportation carbon emission accounting platform through the platform data interface, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between bill of quantities items and BIM components; Set a threshold for verifying engineering quantity values, mark engineering quantity values ​​that exceed the threshold range, and provide an entry point for manual verification and correction.

[0011] Preferably, the implementation process of step S3 is as follows: Extract the type features, engineering attributes, and technical parameters of BIM components as matching factors to construct a quota matching feature vector; The similarity between the feature vectors of BIM components and the feature vectors of quotas in the carbon emission actuarial quota library is calculated, as shown in equation (1): (1); In the formula, S is the matching similarity, ranging from 0 to 1; T is the component type matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1; A is the engineering attribute matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1; and P is the technical parameter matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1. The matching similarity threshold is set to 0.8. When S≥0.8, it is judged as an exact match and the binding of components and quotas is completed automatically. When 0.6≤S<0.8, a list of quota candidates is generated for manual selection. When S<0.6, it is marked as an unmatched component and prompts manual intervention. All matching results are batch-verified. After the verification is passed, a component-quota matching relationship table with matching similarity is generated and stored in the accounting platform.

[0012] Preferably, the implementation process of step S4 is as follows: Based on the component-quota matching relationship table, and categorized by BIM component type, construction machinery type, and transportation mode, the corresponding conventional factors are retrieved from the carbon emission factor library to achieve the initial binding of factors with BIM components; For BIM components, construction machinery, or transportation methods that do not match conventional factors, custom factor calculations are performed based on four dimensions: material consumption, transportation consumption, machinery consumption, and energy consumption. The calculation results are then entered into the carbon emission factor library. Regular factors and custom factors are precisely bound together using the unique identifier of BIM components, generating a factor-component binding relationship table; When the factor data in the carbon emission factor library is updated, an update reminder for the corresponding bound factor in the BIM model is automatically triggered, completing the synchronous update of the factor data.

[0013] Preferably, the implementation process of step S5 is as follows: During the building materials and component production stage, based on the material composition and consumption of BIM components, combined with the bound material carbon emission factor, the carbon emission of this stage is accurately calculated and written into the BIM component attributes. During the raw material and component transportation phase, the transportation distance and route are automatically calculated based on the spatial information of the BIM model. Combined with the bound transportation factors and transportation parameters in the construction plan, the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated and associated with the transportation route nodes of the BIM model. During the assembly and construction phases, based on the BIM model of the construction machinery operating space and number of shifts, combined with the bound machinery carbon emission factor, the carbon emissions generated by construction energy consumption are calculated and mapped to the construction area of ​​the BIM model. During the operation and maintenance phase, based on the spatial layout and equipment parameters of transportation facilities in the BIM model, the operating parameters of each energy consumption system are statistically analyzed, and the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated in conjunction with the energy carbon emission factor and associated with the corresponding facility components in the BIM model. During the demolition and recycling phase, based on the component dismantling sequence and recycling ratio of the BIM model, combined with the demolition mechanical factors and recycling material factors, the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated and marked on the components to be dismantled in the BIM model. After each stage of accounting is completed, the carbon emission data for that stage will be synchronized to the BIM model attribute library in real time, thus completing the BIM model linkage update of the actuarial data.

[0014] Preferably, the implementation process of step S6 is as follows: The carbon emission calculation results at each stage are classified according to their numerical values, and the corresponding components and spatial locations in the BIM model are rendered with different colors to achieve a visual display of the calculation results. The carbon emission actuarial deviation threshold is set at 5%, and the deviation rate between the theoretical value and the actual accounting value of the actuarial results is calculated separately according to the component dimension and the stage dimension. For the portion where the deviation rate exceeds the threshold, the cause of the deviation is analyzed from three dimensions: engineering quantity calculation, quota matching, and factor binding. The corresponding parameters are automatically adjusted based on the analysis results. Carbon emissions are recalculated based on the adjusted parameters until the deviation rate is below the threshold, thus completing the correction of the actuarial results.

[0015] Preferably, the implementation process of step S7 is as follows: According to the carbon emission accounting standard for the whole life cycle of transportation engineering, a carbon emission actuarial report is generated, which includes project information, actuarial data of each stage, and deviation analysis results. It supports export in WORD and PDF formats. Add a BIM model association entry to the actuarial report to enable bidirectional navigation between report data and BIM model visualization results; The BIM model files and actuarial reports are stored together by a unique project identifier, and a query system linking the project, BIM model, and actuarial report is established in the transportation carbon emission accounting platform.

[0016] Preferably, the implementation process of step S8 is as follows: Establish an actuarial matching data ledger in the transportation carbon emission accounting platform to record the component-quota matching similarity, factor binding information, and key parameters of deviation rate at each stage of each actuarial calculation; Based on actuarial correction suggestions from user feedback and deviation data in the ledger, data clustering analysis is performed to identify high-frequency problem points in actuarial matching; Adjust the factor weights of the BIM component-quota matching rules for frequently occurring issues, and optimize the binding strategy between carbon emission factors and BIM components, construction machinery, and transportation methods; Set iterative optimization trigger conditions. When the cumulative number of actuarial projects reaches 50 or the average deviation rate of 10 consecutive projects exceeds the threshold, the matching rules and binding strategies will be automatically optimized and updated.

[0017] Preferably, the transportation carbon emission accounting platform is equipped with a BIM model interface module to support the uploading and parsing of mainstream BIM model formats, enabling full-dimensional data interoperability with the platform's project management, bill of quantities, quantity quota matching, and carbon emission accounting modules. Operational data and calculation results are fed back to the BIM model interface module in real time, and the BIM model interface completes the mapping and updating of data to the BIM model, realizing full-process collaboration between the transportation carbon emission accounting platform and the BIM model.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By constructing a full-process collaborative mechanism between the BIM model and the carbon emission accounting platform, this invention effectively solves the problem of the disconnect between the BIM model and the actuarial work in existing technologies. It achieves fully automated and intelligent operation from model access and information parsing to actuarial report output, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of carbon emission actuarial calculations in transportation engineering. Through structured parsing and standardized verification of the BIM model, a standardized component information database and bill of quantities are generated. Basic data extraction and synchronization can be completed without manual intervention, reducing human error and the workload of operators. With the help of a quota intelligent matching mechanism and similarity calculation algorithm, accurate matching of BIM components and carbon emission actuarial quotas is achieved, avoiding mismatches and omissions caused by manual matching, and improving the scientific nature and accuracy of quota matching. Through automatic adjustment of conventional factors… By combining flexible calculation with custom factors, this approach achieves precise binding of carbon emission factors with BIM components, construction machinery, and transportation methods. Furthermore, updated factors can be dynamically synchronized with the BIM model, ensuring the timeliness and completeness of actuarial data. A mechanism for linked accounting across all stages of the entire lifecycle and a visualized verification mechanism for actuarial results enables bidirectional correlation between actuarial data and the BIM model. This facilitates operators in quickly identifying deviations, analyzing causes, and making corrections, further enhancing the reliability of actuarial results. The dynamic iterative optimization strategy continuously optimizes matching rules and factor binding strategies based on actual actuarial data and high-frequency issues, enabling self-upgrading of the actuarial method and long-term improvement in actuarial accuracy. It adapts to the carbon emission actuarial needs of different types and scales of transportation engineering projects, and is particularly suitable for precise actuarial calculations throughout the entire lifecycle of large-scale projects such as first-class highways, providing scientific and reliable data support for carbon emission control in transportation engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 The flowchart of the traffic carbon emission actuarial matching method combining BIM model of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 This invention proposes a method for actuarial matching of traffic carbon emissions using a BIM model, comprising the following steps: S1. Receive the BIM model file of the traffic engineering project, perform lightweight processing and structured analysis on the model, extract the information of all components and the associated attributes of components in the model, and complete the standardization verification of the BIM model. In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S1 is as follows: The received BIM model files are standardized and converted to retain the geometric spatial information and component attribute information of the model while removing redundant data, thus completing the lightweighting process of the model. BIM model components are categorized and extracted according to traffic engineering professional categories, with the categorization dimensions including roadbed, pavement, bridge, culvert, and traffic ancillary facilities; Verify the completeness and accuracy of the extracted component information, mark and remind missing component engineering attributes, identify and correct incorrect component association attributes, and generate a standardized BIM component information database after the verification is passed.

[0022] S2. Based on the parsed BIM component information, the quantities of each component are automatically calculated according to the traffic engineering quantity calculation specifications, and a standardized bill of quantities is generated to achieve real-time data synchronization with the bill of quantities module of the traffic carbon emission accounting platform. In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S2 is as follows: Based on the three-dimensional parameters and geometric features in the BIM component information database, the engineering quantity values ​​of each component are automatically calculated according to the traffic engineering quantity calculation specifications. Following the bill of quantities template of the transportation carbon emission accounting platform, the quantities of each component are formatted and organized to generate a standardized bill of quantities with unique component identifiers. The standardized bill of quantities is synchronized to the bill of quantities module of the transportation carbon emission accounting platform through the platform data interface, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between bill of quantities items and BIM components; Set a threshold for verifying engineering quantity values, mark engineering quantity values ​​that exceed the threshold range, and provide an entry point for manual verification and correction.

[0023] S3. Based on the type, characteristics and engineering attributes of BIM components, perform intelligent matching of engineering quantities and carbon emission actuarial quotas, complete the initial screening and verification of matching results, and generate a component-quota matching relationship table; In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S3 is as follows: Extract the type features, engineering attributes, and technical parameters of BIM components as matching factors to construct a quota matching feature vector; The similarity between the feature vectors of BIM components and the feature vectors of quotas in the carbon emission actuarial quota library is calculated, as shown in equation (1): (1); In the formula, S is the matching similarity, ranging from 0 to 1; T is the component type matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1; A is the engineering attribute matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1; and P is the technical parameter matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1. The matching similarity threshold is set to 0.8. When S≥0.8, it is judged as an exact match and the binding of components and quotas is completed automatically. When 0.6≤S<0.8, a list of quota candidates is generated for manual selection. When S<0.6, it is marked as an unmatched component and prompts manual intervention. All matching results are batch-verified. After the verification is passed, a component-quota matching relationship table with matching similarity is generated and stored in the accounting platform.

[0024] S4. Based on the component-quota matching relationship table and combined with the actual construction plan of the traffic engineering, call the regular factors in the carbon emission factor library, perform custom calculations and input for the unmatched factors, and achieve accurate binding of carbon emission factors with BIM components, construction machinery and transportation methods. In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S4 is as follows: Based on the component-quota matching relationship table, and categorized by BIM component type, construction machinery type, and transportation mode, the corresponding conventional factors are retrieved from the carbon emission factor library to achieve the initial binding of factors with BIM components; For BIM components, construction machinery, or transportation methods that do not match conventional factors, custom factor calculations are performed based on four dimensions: material consumption, transportation consumption, machinery consumption, and energy consumption. The calculation results are then entered into the carbon emission factor library. Regular factors and custom factors are precisely bound together using the unique identifier of BIM components, generating a factor-component binding relationship table; When the factor data in the carbon emission factor library is updated, an update reminder for the corresponding bound factor in the BIM model is automatically triggered, completing the synchronous update of the factor data.

[0025] S5. Based on the spatial information, component information and bound carbon emission factors of the BIM model, the carbon emission calculations of each stage of building material and component production, raw material and component transportation, assembly and construction, operation and maintenance, demolition and resource recycling are completed in sequence, and the BIM model of the calculation data of each stage is updated in a linked manner. In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S5 is as follows: During the building materials and component production stage, based on the material composition and consumption of BIM components, combined with the bound material carbon emission factor, the carbon emission of this stage is accurately calculated and written into the BIM component attributes. During the raw material and component transportation phase, the transportation distance and route are automatically calculated based on the spatial information of the BIM model. Combined with the bound transportation factors and transportation parameters in the construction plan, the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated and associated with the transportation route nodes of the BIM model. During the assembly and construction phases, based on the BIM model of the construction machinery operating space and number of shifts, combined with the bound machinery carbon emission factor, the carbon emissions generated by construction energy consumption are calculated and mapped to the construction area of ​​the BIM model. During the operation and maintenance phase, based on the spatial layout and equipment parameters of transportation facilities in the BIM model, the operating parameters of each energy consumption system are statistically analyzed, and the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated in conjunction with the energy carbon emission factor and associated with the corresponding facility components in the BIM model. During the demolition and recycling phase, based on the component dismantling sequence and recycling ratio of the BIM model, combined with the demolition mechanical factors and recycling material factors, the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated and marked on the components to be dismantled in the BIM model. After each stage of accounting is completed, the carbon emission data for that stage will be synchronized to the BIM model attribute library in real time, thus completing the BIM model linkage update of the actuarial data.

[0026] S6. Map the carbon emission calculation results of each stage to the corresponding components and spatial locations in the BIM model, perform visualization verification and deviation analysis of the calculation results, and automatically correct and recalculate the deviations that exceed the threshold. In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S6 is as follows: The carbon emission calculation results at each stage are classified according to their numerical values, and the corresponding components and spatial locations in the BIM model are rendered with different colors to achieve a visual display of the calculation results. The carbon emission actuarial deviation threshold is set at 5%, and the deviation rate between the theoretical value and the actual accounting value of the actuarial results is calculated separately according to the component dimension and the stage dimension. For the portion where the deviation rate exceeds the threshold, the cause of the deviation is analyzed from three dimensions: engineering quantity calculation, quota matching, and factor binding. The corresponding parameters are automatically adjusted based on the analysis results. Carbon emissions are recalculated based on the adjusted parameters until the deviation rate is below the threshold, thus completing the correction of the actuarial results.

[0027] S7. After completing the actuarial calculation, generate a carbon emission actuarial report for the entire life cycle of the transportation project, and realize the associated storage and synchronous output of the BIM model and the actuarial report; In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S7 is as follows: According to the carbon emission accounting standard for the whole life cycle of transportation engineering, a carbon emission actuarial report is generated, which includes project information, actuarial data of each stage, and deviation analysis results. It supports export in WORD and PDF formats. Add a BIM model association entry to the actuarial report to enable bidirectional navigation between report data and BIM model visualization results; The BIM model files and actuarial reports are stored together by a unique project identifier, and a query system linking the project, BIM model, and actuarial report is established in the transportation carbon emission accounting platform.

[0028] S8. Record key parameters and deviation data in the actuarial matching process, optimize BIM component-quota matching rules and factor binding strategies based on user feedback and actuarial results, and realize dynamic iteration of the actuarial matching method.

[0029] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the implementation process of step S8 is as follows: Establish an actuarial matching data ledger in the transportation carbon emission accounting platform to record the component-quota matching similarity, factor binding information, and key parameters of deviation rate at each stage of each actuarial calculation; Based on actuarial correction suggestions from user feedback and deviation data in the ledger, data clustering analysis is performed to identify high-frequency problem points in actuarial matching; Adjust the factor weights of the BIM component-quota matching rules for frequently occurring issues, and optimize the binding strategy between carbon emission factors and BIM components, construction machinery, and transportation methods; Set iterative optimization trigger conditions. When the cumulative number of actuarial projects reaches 50 or the average deviation rate of 10 consecutive projects exceeds the threshold, the matching rules and binding strategies will be automatically optimized and updated.

[0030] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the transportation carbon emission accounting platform is equipped with a BIM model interface module to support the uploading and parsing of mainstream BIM model formats, enabling full-dimensional data interoperability with the platform's project management, bill of quantities, quantity quota matching, and carbon emission accounting modules. Operational data and calculation results are fed back to the BIM model interface module in real time, and the BIM model interface completes the mapping and updating of data to the BIM model, realizing full-process collaboration between the transportation carbon emission accounting platform and the BIM model.

[0031] Example 2: In practical application, based on the method, this invention is applied to a first-class highway construction project. Relying on a transportation carbon emission accounting and optimization platform, and combining the project's full-professional BIM model (format IFC4.0+RVT2024), it conducts full life-cycle transportation carbon emission actuarial calculations. Real-time data exchange and process linkage between the BIM model and the accounting platform are achieved throughout the entire process, accurately completing the entire operation from model access to actuarial report output. It should be noted that in this example, the matching similarity threshold is set to 0.8, and the carbon emission actuarial calculation deviation threshold is set to 5%. The specific application process includes the following steps: Step 1: Project Initialization and BIM Model Integration Configuration: Platform-side project creation: Operators log in to the Transportation Carbon Emission Accounting and Optimization Platform, enter the Project Management module, click "Add" to create a new highway project, and fill in the required fields as follows: Project name is "Class I Highway Construction Project", quota standard is "Highway Engineering Carbon Emission Accounting Quota Standard 2024", demolition and recycling are "Demolished Buildings (Old Road Reconstruction Section) + Undemolished Buildings (New Construction Section)", sort code is generated by the platform by default as 8, building area is filled in as 120,000㎡ according to the highway red line area, and service life is filled in as 30 years according to the highway design standard; Optional fields allow you to fill in information such as the construction unit, design unit, construction unit, and project address. After completing the form, click "Confirm" to complete the project creation. BIM Model Interface Configuration: The platform has added a BIM model interface module. Operators can select the existing Class I highway project in this module, click "Model Import", and upload the project's BIM full-discipline model files (IFC4.0 format as the main format and RVT2024 format as the secondary format). The platform will automatically perform format standardization verification on the model files. After the verification is passed, the "Model-Platform Data Synchronization" function will be enabled to establish a unique association between the project and the BIM model. Model permissions and parameter settings: Set model operation permissions in the BIM model interface module, and configure model lightweight processing parameters (preserve geometric space information and component attribute information, and remove redundant rendering data). Click "Confirm" to complete the BIM model access. Step 2: Structured analysis of the BIM model and automatic generation of the bill of quantities: BIM Model Classification and Analysis: After automatically and lightweighting the accessed BIM models, the platform automatically splits and analyzes them according to highway engineering professional categories, extracting information on five major categories of components: roadbed, pavement, bridges, culverts, and traffic ancillary facilities (toll stations, service areas, streetlights). A unique code is generated for each component (coding rule: professional category + component type + 3D coordinates). At the same time, the platform verifies the completeness of the component's engineering attributes (such as material specifications, geometric parameters, and installation location), marks components with missing attributes in red, and generates a list of missing component attributes. Automatic quantity calculation: Based on the three-dimensional parameters and geometric features of BIM components, the platform strictly follows the specifications for calculating quantities of highway engineering components and automatically calculates the quantity values ​​of each component. For example, roadbed excavation is calculated based on the excavation volume of the BIM model, pavement is calculated based on area × thickness, and bridge beams and slabs are calculated based on concrete volume. All quantity values ​​are associated with the unique code of the corresponding BIM component. Standardized Bill of Quantities Generation and Synchronization: The platform formats and organizes the automatically calculated quantities according to the standard template of its own bill of quantities module, generates a standardized bill of quantities for Class I highways with unique BIM component codes, and synchronizes the bill of quantities to the bill of quantities module in real time through the data interface, replacing the traditional manual import of Excel templates. Manual verification of quantities: Operators view the synchronized bill of quantities in the bill of quantities module. The platform marks items whose quantities exceed the preset verification threshold (±10%) in yellow. Operators manually verify and correct the marked items in conjunction with the BIM model. After correction, click "Confirm and Save" to complete the final confirmation of the bill of quantities. Step 3: Intelligent matching of BIM components and carbon emission calculation quotas: Feature vector matching construction: The platform enters the engineering quantity quota matching module and selects the "carbon emission calculation" mode. It automatically extracts the type features, engineering attributes, and technical parameters of each BIM component (such as soil type and excavation depth for roadbed excavation, and material type and thickness for pavement paving), and constructs quota matching feature vectors according to weights (type feature weight 0.5, engineering attribute weight 0.3, and technical parameter weight 0.2). Similarity Calculation and Automatic Matching: The platform calculates the similarity between the matching feature vector of BIM components and the quota feature vector in the platform's carbon emission actuarial quota library (calculation formula: S=T×0.5+A×0.3+P×0.2, where S is the matching similarity, T is the type matching degree, A is the engineering attribute matching degree, and P is the technical parameter matching degree). If S≥0.8, it is determined to be an exact match, and the platform will automatically bind the BIM component with the corresponding quota. The binding status is marked in blue. If 0.6≤S<0.8, the platform generates a list of candidate quotas (displaying the top 3 quotas with the highest similarity), which is then manually selected and bound by the operator based on the actual construction plan of the project. If S < 0.6, the platform marks the component as an "unmatched component", generates a list of unmatched components, and the operator manually searches for the quota and completes the matching intervention. Matching result verification and storage: After all BIM components have completed the quota matching, the platform automatically performs batch verification of the matching results (verifying the professional matching of components and quotas and the consistency of engineering quantity units). After the verification is passed, a matching relationship table of BIM components and carbon emission actuarial quotas for first-class highways is generated and stored in the platform database. At the same time, it is synchronized to the BIM model interface module to add quota matching attributes to each BIM component. Step 4: Precise binding and custom calculation of carbon emission factors: Automatic Recall of Conventional Factors: When operators enter the "Conventional Factors" page of the carbon emission factor module on the platform, the platform automatically classifies the components according to BIM component type, construction machinery type, and transportation mode based on the BIM component-quota matching relationship table, and calls the corresponding carbon emission factors (such as material factors of cement, transportation factors of heavy-duty diesel trucks, and mechanical factors of excavators) from the conventional factor library, and achieves preliminary binding of factors and components through the unique code of BIM components. Custom factor calculation and input: For unconventional new materials (such as new pavement modified asphalt) and special construction machinery (such as bridge erecting machines) in the project, if the platform does not match the conventional factors, the operator can select the "Carbon emission factor calculation" function in "Custom Factors" to analyze the energy consumption composition of such objects according to four dimensions: material consumption, transportation consumption, machinery consumption, and energy consumption. The operator can input basic data such as energy / material consumption, and the platform will perform combined calculations based on the basic factors in the conventional factor library to generate custom carbon emission factors. After the calculation is completed, the operator enters the custom factor into the regular factor library through the "Carbon Emission Factor Entry" function, and adds information such as name, classification, and unit of measurement. After completion, the platform automatically binds the custom factor to the corresponding BIM component. Dynamic Synchronization and Maintenance of Factors: The platform establishes a carbon emission factor update reminder mechanism. If the factor data in the regular factor library is updated (such as the national standard factor adjustment), the platform will automatically send a reminder to the BIM model interface module. After the operator confirms, the platform will synchronize the updated factors to the corresponding BIM component attributes to realize the dynamic linkage between factors and BIM model. Step 5: Actuarial calculation of carbon emissions at each stage of the entire life cycle: The platform enters the carbon emission accounting module's actuarial page, and performs carbon emission actuarial calculations in five stages: building material and component production, raw material and component transportation, assembly and construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition and resource recycling. All calculation results are synchronized in real time to the corresponding component / spatial location attributes of the BIM model, realizing a two-way association between "actuarial data and BIM model". Building materials and component production stage: Based on the material composition and consumption of BIM components, combined with the bound material carbon emission factors, the platform accurately calculates the carbon emissions of building materials such as concrete, steel bars, and asphalt during the production process, and writes the calculation results into the "production stage carbon emission" attribute of the corresponding BIM component. Raw material and component transportation stage: Based on the spatial information of the BIM model, the platform automatically calculates the transportation distance and optimal transportation route of building materials from the manufacturer to the project construction site. Operators supplement the transportation parameters (transport vehicle type, load, number of transportations) in the construction plan. The platform combines the bound transportation factors and calculates the carbon emissions of the transportation stage according to the "transport vehicle dimension". The results are associated with the transportation path nodes of the BIM model and the corresponding building material component attributes. Assembly and construction phase: Based on the BIM model of the construction machinery operation space and construction process planning, the platform automatically counts the number of shifts of construction machinery such as excavators, road rollers, and bridge erecting machines. Combined with the bound machinery carbon emission factors and construction energy consumption data, it calculates the carbon emissions during the construction phase and maps the results to each construction area and construction machinery operation node of the BIM model. Operation and maintenance phase: Based on the spatial layout of transportation facilities (toll stations, service areas, streetlights, HVAC systems) in the BIM model, the platform automatically calculates the operating parameters of each energy consumption system. Operators supplement information such as annual operating time and energy type. The platform combines energy carbon emission factors to calculate the carbon emissions of HVAC, domestic hot water, lighting and elevators, and renewable energy (photovoltaic system in the project service area). Among them, the renewable energy system is converted into "carbon emission reduction" according to the grid carbon emission factor. All results are associated with the corresponding facility component attributes in the BIM model. Demolition and Resource Recycling Phase: The platform automatically calculates and separates the data based on the "Demolished Buildings + Undemolished Buildings" settings in the project management module. Old road renovation section (demolished buildings): The operator imports the demolition work quantity list, and the platform completes the demolition quota matching and factor binding according to the actuarial mode. Combined with the component dismantling sequence and resource recycling ratio of the BIM model, the carbon emissions of the demolition and recycling stages are calculated. New construction phase (buildings not yet demolished): The platform automatically calculates the estimated carbon emissions for the demolition phase based on 10% of the total carbon emissions from other phases; The calculation results are all marked to the properties of the components to be disassembled / newly created in the BIM model; Step 6: Visual verification and deviation correction of actuarial results: Actuarial results BIM visualization: The platform divides the carbon emission actuarial results of each stage into 5 levels according to the numerical value, and performs hierarchical color rendering of the corresponding components, construction areas and facility nodes in the BIM model (e.g., green for low emissions and red for high emissions). Operators can click on any component in the BIM model to view detailed information such as carbon emissions, factor binding, and quota matching at each stage in real time. Deviation rate calculation and analysis: The platform automatically calculates the deviation rate between the theoretical value (calculated value based on quota and factor) and the actual accounting value of the actuarial results according to the component dimension and the stage dimension respectively. If the deviation rate is ≤5%, the actuarial results are judged to be qualified. If the deviation rate is >5%, the platform will automatically conduct deviation cause analysis from three dimensions: engineering quantity calculation, quota matching, and factor binding, and generate a carbon emission actuarial deviation analysis report to clarify the specific links and causes of the deviation. Parameter adjustment and recalculation: Based on the deviation analysis report, the operator automatically or manually adjusts the parameters of the deviation-causing link (such as correcting the engineering quantity value, rematching the quota, and calibrating the factor value). After the adjustment is completed, the platform re-performs the carbon emission actuarial calculation for that component / stage until the deviation rate is ≤5%, and completes the final correction of the actuarial calculation result. Step 7: Generating and storing carbon emission actuarial reports: Automatic generation of actuarial reports: Operators enter the carbon emission report module of the platform, select the Class I highway project, and the platform automatically generates a carbon emission actuarial report for the Class I highway construction project according to the carbon emission accounting standard for the entire life cycle of transportation engineering. The report includes basic project information, BIM model access information, carbon emission actuarial data for each stage, deviation analysis results, carbon emission reduction from renewable energy, etc., and supports export in both WORD and PDF formats. Two-way link between report and BIM model: The platform adds BIM model linking entry to the carbon emission data of each stage and component in the generated actuarial report. Operators can click the entry to directly jump to the corresponding component / space location in the BIM model. At the same time, an entry point for viewing actuarial reports was added to the BIM model interface module, enabling bidirectional jump between report data and BIM model visualization results; Linked storage and query: The platform links and stores the project information, BIM model files, actuarial matching relationship table, carbon emission actuarial data, and actuarial reports of the first-class highway project according to the unique identifier of the project. An integrated query system of "project-BIM model-actuarial report" is established on the platform. Operators can quickly retrieve relevant data and files through keyword search. Step 8: Dynamically iteratively optimize matching rules and strategies: Establishment of actuarial data ledger: The platform automatically establishes a carbon emission actuarial matching data ledger, recording key parameters in the actuarial process of this project: BIM component-quota matching similarity, factor binding information, deviation rate at each stage, manual intervention items, custom factor calculation parameters, etc., to achieve full data traceability of the actuarial process; High-frequency problem analysis: Based on the ledger data, the platform identifies high-frequency problem points in carbon emission actuarial matching through cluster analysis (such as low similarity of quota matching for a certain type of BIM component, or high binding deviation rate for a certain type of transportation factor), and generates a high-frequency problem analysis report for actuarial matching. Rule and strategy optimization: The platform automatically adjusts the factor weights of the BIM component-quota matching rules for high-frequency problem points (such as increasing the matching weight of technical parameters of a certain type of component), and optimizes the binding strategy of carbon emission factors with BIM components, construction machinery, and transportation methods. When the platform has accumulated 50 actuarial projects or the average deviation rate of 10 consecutive projects exceeds 5%, the platform automatically performs a global optimization update of the matching rules and binding strategies, and applies the optimized rules and strategies to the actuarial calculation of all subsequent projects, thereby realizing the dynamic iterative upgrade of this method.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A traffic carbon emission actuarial matching method combined with a BIM model, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Receive the BIM model file of the traffic engineering project, perform lightweight processing and structured analysis on the model, extract the information of all components and the associated attributes of components in the model, and complete the standardization verification of the BIM model. S2. Based on the parsed BIM component information, automatically calculate the quantity of each component according to the traffic engineering quantity calculation standard, and generate a standardized bill of quantities; S3. Based on the type, characteristics and engineering attributes of BIM components, perform intelligent matching of engineering quantities and carbon emission actuarial quotas, complete the initial screening and verification of matching results, and generate a component-quota matching relationship table; S4. Based on the component-quota matching relationship table and combined with the actual construction plan of the traffic engineering, call the conventional factors in the carbon emission factor library and perform custom calculations and input for the unmatched factors; S5. Based on the spatial information, component information and bound carbon emission factors of the BIM model, the carbon emission calculations for each stage of building material and component production, raw material and component transportation, assembly and construction, operation and maintenance, demolition and resource recycling are completed sequentially. S6. Map the carbon emission calculation results of each stage to the corresponding components and spatial locations in the BIM model, perform visualization verification and deviation analysis of the calculation results, and automatically correct and recalculate the deviations that exceed the threshold. S7. After completing the actuarial calculation, generate a carbon emission actuarial report for the entire life cycle of the transportation project; S8. Record key parameters and deviation data during the actuarial matching process, and optimize the BIM component-quota matching rules and factor binding strategies based on user feedback and actuarial results.

2. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with the BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S1 is as follows: The received BIM model files are standardized and converted to retain the geometric spatial information and component attribute information of the model while removing redundant data, thus completing the lightweighting process of the model. BIM model components are categorized and extracted according to traffic engineering professional categories, with the categorization dimensions including roadbed, pavement, bridge, culvert, and traffic ancillary facilities; Verify the completeness and accuracy of the extracted component information, mark and remind missing component engineering attributes, identify and correct incorrect component association attributes, and generate a standardized BIM component information database after the verification is passed.

3. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with the BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S2 is as follows: Based on the three-dimensional parameters and geometric features in the BIM component information database, the engineering quantity values ​​of each component are automatically calculated according to the traffic engineering quantity calculation specifications. Following the bill of quantities template of the transportation carbon emission accounting platform, the quantities of each component are formatted and organized to generate a standardized bill of quantities with unique component identifiers. The standardized bill of quantities is synchronized to the bill of quantities module of the transportation carbon emission accounting platform through the platform data interface, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between bill of quantities items and BIM components; Set a threshold for verifying engineering quantity values, mark engineering quantity values ​​that exceed the threshold range, and provide an entry point for manual verification and correction.

4. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with the BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S3 is as follows: Extract the type features, engineering attributes, and technical parameters of BIM components as matching factors to construct a quota matching feature vector; The similarity between the feature vectors of BIM components and the feature vectors of quotas in the carbon emission actuarial quota library is calculated, as shown in equation (1): （1）； In the formula, S is the matching similarity, ranging from 0 to 1; T is the component type matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1; A is the engineering attribute matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1; and P is the technical parameter matching degree, ranging from 0 to 1. The matching similarity threshold is set to 0.

8. When S≥0.8, it is judged as an exact match and the binding of components and quotas is completed automatically. When 0.6≤S<0.8, a list of quota candidates is generated for manual selection. When S<0.6, it is marked as an unmatched component and prompts manual intervention. All matching results are batch-verified. After the verification is passed, a component-quota matching relationship table with matching similarity is generated and stored in the accounting platform.

5. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with the BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S4 is as follows: Based on the component-quota matching table, the corresponding conventional factors are retrieved from the carbon emission factor library according to BIM component type, construction machinery type, and transportation mode. For BIM components, construction machinery, or transportation methods that do not match conventional factors, custom factor calculations are performed based on four dimensions: material consumption, transportation consumption, machinery consumption, and energy consumption. The calculation results are then entered into the carbon emission factor library. Regular factors and custom factors are precisely bound together using the unique identifier of BIM components, generating a factor-component binding relationship table; When the factor data in the carbon emission factor library is updated, an update reminder for the corresponding bound factor in the BIM model is automatically triggered, completing the synchronous update of the factor data.

6. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with a BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S5 is as follows: During the building materials and component production stage, based on the material composition and consumption of BIM components, combined with the bound material carbon emission factor, the carbon emission of this stage is accurately calculated and written into the BIM component attributes. During the raw material and component transportation phase, the transportation distance and route are automatically calculated based on the spatial information of the BIM model. Combined with the bound transportation factors and transportation parameters in the construction plan, the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated and associated with the transportation route nodes of the BIM model. During the assembly and construction phases, based on the BIM model of the construction machinery operating space and number of shifts, combined with the bound machinery carbon emission factor, the carbon emissions generated by construction energy consumption are calculated and mapped to the construction area of ​​the BIM model. During the operation and maintenance phase, based on the spatial layout and equipment parameters of transportation facilities in the BIM model, the operating parameters of each energy consumption system are statistically analyzed, and the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated in conjunction with the energy carbon emission factor and associated with the corresponding facility components in the BIM model. During the demolition and recycling phase, based on the component dismantling sequence and recycling ratio of the BIM model, combined with the demolition mechanical factors and recycling material factors, the carbon emissions of this phase are calculated and marked on the components to be dismantled in the BIM model. After each stage of accounting is completed, the carbon emission data for that stage will be synchronized to the BIM model attribute library in real time, thus completing the BIM model linkage update of the actuarial data.

7. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with a BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S6 is as follows: The carbon emission calculation results at each stage are classified according to their numerical values, and the corresponding components and spatial locations in the BIM model are rendered with graded colors. The carbon emission actuarial deviation threshold is set at 5%, and the deviation rate between the theoretical value and the actual accounting value of the actuarial results is calculated separately according to the component dimension and the stage dimension. For the portion where the deviation rate exceeds the threshold, the cause of the deviation is analyzed from three dimensions: engineering quantity calculation, quota matching, and factor binding. The corresponding parameters are automatically adjusted based on the analysis results. Carbon emissions are recalculated based on the adjusted parameters until the deviation rate is below the threshold, thus completing the correction of the actuarial results.

8. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with a BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S7 is as follows: According to the carbon emission accounting standard for the whole life cycle of transportation engineering, a carbon emission actuarial report is generated, which includes project information, actuarial data of each stage, and deviation analysis results. It supports export in WORD and PDF formats. Add a BIM model association entry to the actuarial report to enable bidirectional navigation between report data and BIM model visualization results; The BIM model files and actuarial reports are stored together by a unique project identifier, and a query system linking the project, BIM model, and actuarial report is established in the transportation carbon emission accounting platform.

9. The traffic carbon emission accounting matching method combined with a BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation process of step S8 is as follows: Establish an actuarial matching data ledger in the transportation carbon emission accounting platform to record the component-quota matching similarity, factor binding information, and key parameters of deviation rate at each stage of each actuarial calculation; Based on actuarial correction suggestions from user feedback and deviation data in the ledger, data clustering analysis is performed to identify high-frequency problem points in actuarial matching; Adjust the factor weights of the BIM component-quota matching rules for frequently occurring issues, and optimize the binding strategy between carbon emission factors and BIM components, construction machinery, and transportation methods; Set iterative optimization trigger conditions. When the cumulative number of actuarial projects reaches 50 or the average deviation rate of 10 consecutive projects exceeds the threshold, the matching rules and binding strategies will be automatically optimized and updated.

10. The method of claim 1 to 9, wherein, The transportation carbon emission accounting platform is equipped with a BIM model interface module to support the uploading and parsing of mainstream BIM model formats. It enables full-dimensional data exchange with the platform's project management, bill of quantities, quantity quota matching, and carbon emission accounting modules. Operational data and calculation results are fed back to the BIM model interface module in real time, and the BIM model interface completes the mapping and updating of data to the BIM model.

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