A drilling tool information intelligent sensing method and system based on RFID and visual identification cooperation

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and system for intelligent sensing of drilling tool information based on RFID and visual recognition collaboration. It includes: a data acquisition terminal, used to acquire identification information and coded graphic information on drilling tool tags based on RFID and visual recognition collaboration technology during the drilling tool tripping process, and transmit this information to a data processing terminal; and a data processing terminal, used to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identification information and coded graphic information using image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms, obtaining quantitative damage indicators for the drilling tool tags, and recording them to form a dataset of operating conditions and tag status throughout the entire lifecycle of the drilling tool. This invention can be widely applied in the field of intelligent monitoring and digital management technology for downhole drilling tools in oil and gas exploration and development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent monitoring and digital management technology of downhole drilling tools in oil and gas exploration and development, specifically involving a method and system for intelligent sensing of drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID (Radio-frequency identification) and visual recognition. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, domestic oilfields employ two basic management models for drilling tools: fixed-team management and graded management. Experience shows that the former fails to ensure efficient and rational utilization of drilling resources, leading to frequent accidents caused by tool failures, and has therefore been largely phased out. The graded management method has been widely adopted as a replacement, significantly improving tool utilization and reliability. However, it still cannot accurately track and analyze the usage of each individual tool. Therefore, innovative development of full lifecycle management for drilling tools is urgently needed.

[0003] Currently, researchers have conducted extensive studies on oilfield drilling tool management. For example, Zhou Lipeng et al. from the Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) invented an RFID-based oilfield drilling tool management method. When connected to the network, a handheld RFID reader can upload drilling tool information to a backend server via Wi-Fi; when offline, operators can copy the drilling tool information from a USB port and then input it. However, this method requires stamping each drilling tool, manual visual inspection, manual identification, and information recording, a cumbersome and time-consuming process with low efficiency and prone to errors due to manual inspection. Zhang Jian et al. from CNPC Sichuan-Chongqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd. invented a method for tag binding and data collection and input of inventory management information based on a handheld RFID reader. However, stamped markings are easily worn, deformed, or corroded in the harsh environment of oil wellheads, leading to unclear or completely lost information and making drilling tool information unrecognizable. Lu Chengshan et al. from Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Pipe Drilling Tool Manufacturing Co., Ltd. invented an intelligent monitoring and control management system for the entire lifecycle of oil drilling tools, using a combination of manual labor and an RFID information writing module to achieve data transmission. The aforementioned problems also exist, and information such as the usage history and lifespan status of drilling tools is difficult to track and analyze effectively, lacking traceability. Furthermore, the aforementioned patents all pertain to handheld RFID drilling tool management methods, which heavily rely on manual intervention and cannot achieve true automation and intelligence, exhibiting shortcomings in efficiency, accuracy, real-time performance, and data integrity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for intelligent sensing of drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition. By constructing a hardware architecture and data fusion algorithm that integrates RFID and visual recognition in parallel, intelligent health monitoring and management of downhole drilling tools throughout their entire lifecycle is achieved.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a drilling tool information intelligent sensing system based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition, comprising: The data acquisition terminal is used to acquire the identification information and coded graphic information on the drill string tag based on RFID and visual recognition collaborative technology during the drilling process, and transmit it to the data processing terminal. The data processing terminal is used to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identification information and coded graphic information using image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms, to obtain the quantitative damage index of the drill string tag, and to record the working conditions and tag status dataset of the entire life cycle of the drill string.

[0007] Furthermore, the drill tag adopts an RFID-coded graphic composite tag, which adopts an integrated multi-layer structure design, including an RFID functional layer, a coded graphic target layer and a wear-resistant transparent protective layer arranged sequentially from the inside out. The RFID functional layer includes an anti-metal antenna and a tag, which is made using flexible circuit technology and is used to transmit or receive radio frequency signals to achieve identification of the drilling tool. The coded graphic target layer is formed on a metal substrate using a printing process to create a numerical matrix coded graphic, which serves as a benchmark for visual recognition and deformation analysis. The wear-resistant transparent protective layer is made of a special engineering material with high hardness and high light transmittance, covering the outside of the coded graphic target layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the data acquisition terminal includes an RFID and visual recognition subsystem and a wireless transmission subsystem; The RFID and visual recognition subsystem is set at a preset location at the wellhead and is used to collect the identification information and coded graphic information of the drill string tag in real time when the drill string passes through the preset location at the wellhead during the "drilling down" or "drilling up" process. The wireless transmission subsystem is used to send the identification information and coded graphic information of the drill tag to the data processing terminal.

[0009] Furthermore, the RFID and visual recognition subsystem includes several integrated modules and driving modules; Each of the integrated modules is set at a preset position at the wellhead and is distributed in a circular array with the drill string as the center, in order to form an RF identification zone within a preset space at the wellhead; The drive module is connected to each of the integrated modules via coaxial cables and is powered by an explosion-proof distribution box. It is used to control each of the integrated modules and collects the identification information and coded graphic information of the drill bit in real time through RFID-coded graphic composite tags set on the drill bit, and transmits them to the wireless transmission subsystem.

[0010] Furthermore, all the integrated modules described have the same structure, including an RFID reader / writer, an industrial camera, and a lighting unit; The RFID reader / writer within each integrated module is used to radiate electromagnetic waves under the control of the drive module using a time-division polling strategy to form an RF identification zone within a preset space at the wellhead. The industrial camera and lighting unit are activated simultaneously with the RFID reader and operate within the same time frame to acquire high-definition images of the encoded graphics on the encoded graphic target layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the antenna in the RFID reader includes a metal ground plane, a first radiating antenna assembly, a second radiating antenna assembly, a feed port, and a microstrip power divider; The first and second radiating antenna assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the metal ground plane, each including a radiating substrate, a radiating patch, a parasitic substrate, a parasitic patch, an annular slot unit, and a stud support structure; The radiating substrate and the parasitic substrate are fixedly mounted on the metal grounding plate by a stud support structure; The radiating patch is disposed between the radiating substrate and the parasitic substrate, and the radiating patch is also provided with the annular slit unit. The parasitic patch is disposed above the parasitic substrate; The feed port and microstrip power divider are disposed on the metal ground plane and connected to the two radiating antenna assemblies. The feed port is connected to the drive module via a coaxial cable, and the microstrip power divider is used to transmit the signal received by the feed port to the two radiating antenna assemblies.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for intelligent sensing of drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition, comprising: Install data acquisition terminals at preset locations on the drilling tools and wellhead, and connect them to the data processing terminal; When the driller on the drilling rig issues the "tap up" or "drill down" command, the drilling tool tripping begins. At the same time, the data acquisition terminal starts collecting the identification information and coded graphic information of the drilling tool tag and sends it to the data processing terminal. The data processing terminal uses image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identity information and coded graphic information, obtain quantitative damage indicators of drill string tags, and record to form a dataset of working conditions and tag status throughout the entire life cycle of the drill string.

[0013] Furthermore, the installation of a data acquisition terminal at a predetermined location on the drilling tool and wellhead, and its connection to a data processing terminal, includes: Set up a data acquisition terminal, which includes an RFID and visual recognition subsystem and a wireless transmission subsystem; A label mounting area is machined on the surface of the drill bit, and the drill bit label is fixed to the label mounting area of ​​the drill bit using a mechanical thread connection or interference fit. The design and layout parameters of the antenna in the RFID and visual recognition subsystem are optimized based on the drilling tool movement characteristics, and the antenna is set at a preset position at the wellhead based on the optimization results.

[0014] Furthermore, the data processing terminal employs an image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithm to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identification information and coded graphic information, obtaining quantitative damage indicators for the drill string tags, and recording them to form a dataset of operating conditions and tag status throughout the entire lifecycle of the drill string, including: The collected coded graphic information is processed, and the comprehensive feature vector of the drill tag is extracted. The extracted comprehensive feature vector is input into a pre-built inversion model to obtain the quantitative damage index of the drill string label; The crack length, wear area, damage degree score, deformation index, and overall damage severity of the coded graphics on the surface of the drill string label are stored and managed to form a dataset of working conditions and label status throughout the entire life cycle of the drill string.

[0015] Furthermore, the process of processing the collected coded graphic information and extracting the comprehensive feature vector of the drill string tag includes: Image preprocessing is performed on the acquired coded graphic information, including filtering, highlighting, and equalization. Based on the preprocessed coded graphic data, the drill string area is detected and geometrically corrected. Based on the corrected drill string area image, the coded region is located and identified to obtain candidate coded regions; The candidate coding regions are binarized and normalized, and the comprehensive feature vector of the drill string label is extracted.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: 1. Achieve fully automated operation and reduce manual intervention: Existing technologies (such as handheld RFID readers) heavily rely on manual operation, resulting in cumbersome processes and a high risk of errors. This invention utilizes a pre-installed integrated module at the wellhead (including an RFID reader, industrial camera, and lighting unit) to automatically collect data during the drilling process, eliminating the need for manual intervention. The RFID reader employs a time-division polling strategy, with the industrial camera working synchronously, enabling batch and rapid identification of drilling equipment. This significantly improves efficiency, avoids human error, and reduces labor costs.

[0017] 2. Improved Data Accuracy and Reliability: In existing technologies, stamped markings are easily worn, leading to information loss, while single RFID technology is highly susceptible to environmental interference. This invention employs an RFID-coded graphic composite tag, combining RFID identification with visual deformation analysis. The tag structure includes an RFID functional layer, a coded graphic target layer, and a wear-resistant protective layer. Visual recognition can invert the geometric distortion of the coded graphic, quantitatively assessing tag damage (such as cracks and wear). This collaborative verification and complementary mechanism overcomes interference from mud, oil, and other contaminants, ensuring data accuracy.

[0018] 3. Supports full lifecycle tracking and management of drilling tools: Existing technologies struggle to effectively track the usage history and lifespan of drilling tools. This invention uses a data processing terminal (including an image processing module, an inversion model module, and a data fusion module) to record the drilling tool's identification and quantify damage indicators (such as crack length and wear area) on the drilling tool tag, forming full lifecycle data. The system automatically updates information during "tripping in" and "running out," enabling traceable analysis of the drilling tool's condition and providing data support for preventative maintenance. Existing technologies lack this level of in-depth data analysis capability.

[0019] 4. Enhanced Real-Time Performance and Response Speed: This invention employs a time-division polling strategy to control multi-channel RFID readers, with the antenna array operating in turn according to a time sequence to avoid interference. Simultaneously, the wireless transmission subsystem utilizes LoRa wireless communication technology to transmit data in real time. After image processing algorithm optimization, the total time is ≤20ms, meeting the real-time requirements of the well site. Compared to existing manual data entry or delayed upload methods, this invention can respond instantly to changes in drill string movement, improving monitoring efficiency.

[0020] 5. Adaptable to harsh wellhead environments, ensuring long-term stability: Existing technologies often result in tags that are prone to corrosion and signal attenuation. The composite tag of this invention employs a wear-resistant transparent protective layer (such as epoxy resin), and the antenna is designed with a high-gain circular polarization structure, optimized through simulation to resist mud attenuation. The subsystem integrates an explosion-proof design, enabling stable operation under high temperature and high humidity conditions. This hardware optimization solves the problem of tag failure in existing technologies, extending system lifespan.

[0021] 6. Data Fusion and Damage Inversion through Intelligent Algorithms: This invention employs image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms (such as Wiener filtering deblurring, HSV mud segmentation, CLAHE enhancement, etc.) to fuse RFID and visual data, inverting the physical damage state of the drilling tool. The algorithm features viewpoint invariance processing, adapts to image changes caused by drilling tool movement, and outputs quantitative indicators (such as damage severity scores). This provides intelligent decision support that cannot be achieved with existing technologies.

[0022] Therefore, this invention can be widely applied in the field of intelligent monitoring and digital management technology for oil and gas drilling equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an RFID-encoded graphic composite tag provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the RFID and visual recognition subsystem structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an antenna design scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna disassembly structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A flowchart of a drilling tool information intelligent sensing method based on RFID and visual collaborative identification provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a theoretical calculation diagram of the antenna layout scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 The antenna finite element simulation radiation pattern provided for embodiments of the present invention; Figure 9 The measured antenna radiation pattern provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 A timing diagram illustrating the time-sharing polling strategy provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the core image processing algorithm provided in an embodiment of the present invention; The labels for the attached figures are as follows: 1. Data acquisition terminal; 2. Data processing terminal; 3. Remote base station; 4. RFID-coded graphic composite tag; 5. RFID and visual recognition subsystem; 6. Wireless transmission subsystem; 7. RFID functional layer; 8. Coded image target layer; 9. First integrated module; 10. Second integrated module; 11. Third integrated module; 12. Drive module; 13. Drill tool; 14. Explosion-proof distribution box; 15. Metal grounding plate; 16. Radiation substrate; 17. Radiation patch; 18. Parasitic substrate; 19. Parasitic patch; 20. Annular slot unit; 21. Stud support structure; 22. Power supply port; 23. Microstrip power divider. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, a drilling tool information intelligent sensing system based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition is provided. The core of this system is to construct a hardware architecture and data fusion algorithm that integrates RFID and visual recognition in parallel to achieve intelligent health monitoring and management of the entire life cycle of oil drilling tools.

[0027] Correspondingly, in other embodiments of the present invention, a method for intelligent sensing of drill string information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition is provided.

[0028] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition, including: Data acquisition terminal 1 is used to acquire the identification information and coded graphic information on the drill string tag based on RFID and visual recognition collaborative technology during the drilling process of drill string 13, and transmit it to the data processing terminal. Data processing terminal 2, set up in remote base station 3, is used to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identity information and coded graphic information using image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms, to obtain the quantitative damage index of the drill string tag, and record it to form a dataset of working conditions and tag status throughout the entire life cycle of drill string 13.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the drill string tag uses an RFID-coded graphic composite tag 4, which is placed at a predetermined location on the drill string 13 (e.g., drill pipe joint, drill bit body, etc.). It stores identification information and coded graphic information corresponding to the drill string. The identification information includes the drill string number, well number, depth, and sequence. Specifically, the RFID-coded graphic composite tag adopts an integrated multi-layer structure design, including an RFID functional layer 7, a coded graphic target layer 8, and a wear-resistant transparent protective layer arranged sequentially from the inside out. The RFID functional layer 7, containing an anti-metal antenna and tag, is made using flexible circuit technology and is used to transmit / receive radio frequency signals to achieve drill string identification. The coded graphic target layer 8 uses a high-precision printing process to form a numerical matrix coded graphic on a metal substrate, serving as a benchmark for visual recognition and deformation analysis. The wear-resistant transparent protective layer is covered with a special engineering material with high hardness and high light transmittance, giving the tag surface excellent corrosion resistance and self-cleaning properties.

[0030] In this embodiment, the RFID-coded graphic composite tag 4 can be a Xerafy Xplorer tag or an industrial-grade RFID tag with the same performance, and a coded graphic target layer and a wear-resistant transparent protective layer are added to the tag surface.

[0031] Preferably, the encoded pattern on the encoded pattern target layer 8 can adopt a standard QR code format, which includes error correction codes to ensure encoding even when partially occluded. This invention is only an example and is not limited thereto.

[0032] Preferably, the wear-resistant transparent protective layer is encapsulated with epoxy resin material, which has physical properties such as high temperature resistance, impact resistance, and corrosion resistance, and can be stably attached to the surface of the drill bit for a long time, adapting to the harsh working environment downhole.

[0033] Furthermore, the data acquisition terminal 1 includes an RFID and visual recognition subsystem 5 and a wireless transmission subsystem 6. The RFID and visual recognition subsystem 5 is installed at a preset location at the wellhead and is used to collect the identification information and coded graphic information of the drilling tool in real time when the tool passes through this preset location during "drilling down" or "pulling out"; the wireless transmission subsystem 6 is used to send the identification information and coded graphic information of the drilling tool to the data processing terminal.

[0034] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the RFID and visual recognition subsystem 5 includes first to third integrated modules 9 to 11 (this invention is only used as an example for illustration; the specific number can be set according to actual needs) and a drive module 12. The first to third integrated modules 9 to 11 are located at a preset position at the wellhead and are arranged in a circular array around the drill string 13, forming an RF identification zone within a preset space at the wellhead. The drive module 12 is connected to each integrated module 9 to 11 via coaxial cables and is powered by an explosion-proof distribution box 14. It controls each integrated module 9 to 11 and collects the identification information and coded graphic information of the drill string 13 in real time through the RFID-coded graphic composite tag 4 set on the drill string 13, transmitting it to the wireless transmission subsystem 6.

[0035] Furthermore, each integrated module has the same structure, including an RFID reader, an industrial camera, and a lighting unit. The RFID reader employs a split antenna structure (i.e., the antenna and drive module are separate). The RFID readers within the three integrated modules form a multi-channel RFID reader, used to radiate electromagnetic waves using a time-division polling strategy under the control of drive module 4, forming an RF identification zone within a preset space at the wellhead. The industrial camera and lighting unit start simultaneously with the RFID reader and operate within the same time frame, used to accurately acquire high-definition images of the encoded graphic on the encoded graphic target layer 2.

[0036] In this embodiment, the multi-channel RFID reader can sequentially activate different split antennas in the ring array to transmit query signals in a very short time, and receive data from the anti-metal antenna in the RFID-coded graphic composite tag, thereby realizing batch, fast, and automatic identification of drill tool identity.

[0037] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, in the RFID reader, the antenna includes a metal ground plane 15, a first radiating antenna assembly, a second radiating antenna assembly, a feed port 22, and a microstrip power divider 23. The first and second radiating antenna assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the metal ground plane 15. Both have identical structures, including a radiating substrate 16, a radiating patch 17, a parasitic substrate 18, a parasitic patch 19, an annular slot unit 20, and a stud support structure 21. The radiating substrate 16 and the parasitic substrate 18 are fixed to the metal ground plane 15 via the stud support structure 21, forming a resonant air cavity between them. Electromagnetic waves reflect back and forth within the cavity, and resonance occurs when the cavity size allows the reflected waves to superimpose in phase. The radiating patch 17 is positioned between the radiating substrate 16 and the parasitic substrate 18, and an annular slot unit 20 is also provided on the radiating patch 17. The parasitic patch 19 is positioned above the parasitic substrate 18. A feed port 22 and a microstrip power divider 23 are located on the metal ground plane 15 and connected to the two radiating antenna assemblies. The feed port 22 is connected to the drive module 12 via a coaxial cable, and the microstrip power divider 23 transmits the signal received by the feed port 22 to the two radiating antenna assemblies.

[0038] In this embodiment, the antenna is a high-gain, circularly polarized antenna with a specially designed beamwidth. The antenna structure and size conform to the composite motion characteristics of the drilling tool. The structure is simple and can work stably for a long time in the harsh environment of the wellhead. By using a 1×2 antenna array design to enhance directivity and increase gain, the electromagnetic wave attenuation caused by the mud carried on the drilling tool is overcome, providing redundancy for accurate reading rate.

[0039] Furthermore, industrial cameras employ high-resolution, global shutter image sensors to ensure distortion-free capture of dynamic images.

[0040] Furthermore, the lighting unit uses LED light sources of specific wavelengths and is equipped with a protective cover to overcome changes in ambient light at the well site and interference from oil and mud, ensuring the quality of image acquisition.

[0041] Furthermore, the wireless transmission subsystem adopts an industrial-grade wireless transparent transmission method. Relying on the LoRa wireless network, it packages the identification data collected based on RFID and the coded graphic data collected based on industrial cameras together. By adding relay nodes to form a network, it reliably transmits the data to the data processing terminal set up at the remote base station, ensuring the well site control center's real-time monitoring and management of multi-node data.

[0042] Furthermore, the data processing terminal includes an image processing module, an inversion model module, and a data fusion and decision module. The image processing module uses image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms to process the acquired drill string tag identification information and coded graphic information to obtain a comprehensive feature vector for the drill string tag. The inversion model module uses a pre-built inversion model to convert the comprehensive feature vector into a quantitative damage index for the drill string tag. The data fusion and decision module fuses, stores, and manages the received multi-source data, establishes and updates information for each drill string, and records the operating conditions and tag status data throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0043] In this invention system, the data acquisition terminal employs RFID and vision-based collaborative technology. This means that an RFID reader and an industrial camera operate simultaneously and continuously, respectively collecting identification information and coded graphic information. The data processing terminal obtains the identification information by decoding the coded graphic and verifies and complements it with the RFID identification information. The coded graphic uses a numerical matrix code standard, and it also serves as a target; by analyzing its geometric deformation, tag damage can be inverted.

[0044] The data processing terminal employs image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms. It can preprocess acquired images, locate and decode coded graphics, extract feature points, and perform deformation analysis. By calculating the geometric distortion of the coded graphics, it inverts and quantifies the physical damage state of the tags, such as bending and wear. Simultaneously, it integrates kinematic, optical, and material mechanical behaviors under harsh wellhead conditions. For example, Wiener filtering compensates for integral ambiguity caused by drill string movement through deconvolution, and its point spread function's linear motion model accurately characterizes dynamic characteristics. Mud segmentation and repair in the HSV color space reconstructs the interfered tag information optically based on the differences in mud's reflectivity under specific illumination wavelengths. CLAHE contrast enhancement and perspective correction based on Hough transform and homography matrix jointly eliminate ambient lighting and viewing angle distortion, ensuring the benchmark consistency of coded graphic deformation measurement. At the application level, the algorithm extracts the feature point set of the coded graphic target and matches it with a standard template, quantifying the deformation field into specific indicators such as crack length and wear area, directly inverting the mechanical damage state of the tags.

[0045] Example 2 like Figure 6 As shown, based on the intelligent drilling tool information sensing system based on RFID and visual recognition collaboration provided in Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an intelligent drilling tool information sensing method based on RFID and visual recognition collaboration, which includes the following steps: (1) Install the data acquisition terminal at the preset position of the drilling tool and wellhead, and connect it to the data processing terminal.

[0046] In this embodiment, the installation of the data acquisition terminal mainly includes the installation of RFID-coded graphic composite tags and integrated modules. Specifically, it includes the following steps: (1.1) A label installation area is machined on the surface of the drill bit, and the RFID-coded graphic composite label is fixed to the label installation area of ​​the drill bit by means of mechanical thread connection or interference fit.

[0047] When installing the RFID-coded graphic composite tag 4, the tag installation area needs to be pre-processed on the drill string surface. The surface should be thoroughly cleaned with a cleaning agent. The RFID-coded graphic composite tag should be fixed using a mechanical thread connection or interference fit to ensure that the composite tag does not fall off or shift throughout the entire life cycle of the drill string. The coded graphic target surface should be flush with the outer wall of the drill string to avoid protrusion and damage.

[0048] (1.2) Optimize the design parameters and layout parameters of the antenna in the RFID reader based on the drilling tool movement characteristics, and set the integrated module at the preset position at the wellhead based on the optimization results.

[0049] Specifically, it includes the following steps: (1.2.1) Determine the antenna layout parameters based on the drilling tool's motion characteristics, that is, determine the distance between the outer edge of the drilling tool and the antenna.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, the distance between the outer edge of the drill bit 13 and the antenna is... The unit is meters (m), and the drill string ascending speed is 0 to... The unit is m / s, and the rotational speed is 0~ The unit is r / s, corresponding to various working conditions in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively; the vertical half-beamwidth angle is... The unit is °, and the antenna polling time is The unit is seconds (s), and the polling time is the time period during which each antenna in the array is activated. The number of antennas is... According to trigonometric relationships, the effective axial reading distance during axial movement of the drill string is... To ensure the fastest reading rate, assuming the antenna polling direction is opposite to the drill string rotation direction, the reading time is... Represented as: (1) In the formula, The distance traveled along the axial direction; This represents the axial velocity.

[0051] To avoid missing any readings, ensure sufficient reading time. Inside The sum of the antenna reading angle and the drill bit rotation angle is at least one revolution, that is: (2) If the rotational speed under actual operating conditions is known Axial motion speed Polling time Number of antennas The spacing can then be determined. and included angle The constraints between them are then used to determine the optimal layout scheme.

[0052] Therefore, the spacing is derived. Half beamwidth angle of antenna vertical plane The relationship is: (3) (1.2.2) Considering the attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave radiation caused by mud carried on the drill string surface, the limited space at the wellhead, and the reliability of long-term operation, the design parameters of the antenna are optimized.

[0053] In the above step (1.2.1), the constraints of the antenna array layout on the antenna performance were considered. This step should simultaneously consider the attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave radiation caused by mud carried on the drill string surface, the space limitations at the wellhead, and the reliability of long-term operation, and design a high-gain, vertically wide-beam, simple circularly polarized microstrip antenna.

[0054] This embodiment uses Figure 4 and Figure 5 Taking the antenna structure shown as an example, we will optimize the design. In each radiating antenna component, a resonant air cavity is formed between the radiating substrate 16 and the parasitic substrate 18. Electromagnetic waves are reflected back and forth inside the cavity. When the cavity size allows the reflected waves to superimpose in phase, resonance will occur. For a rectangular cavity, its dominant mode (TE) 10 The formula for calculating the resonant frequency of the mode is: (4) in, The resonant frequency; The speed of light in a vacuum; and The relative permeability and relative permittivity of the medium filling the cavity are 1, which is 1 for air. , , These correspond to the length, width, and height of the cavity; , , The integers correspond to the resonant modes, typically the dominant mode being 1, 0, or 0. The radiating element is a radiating patch 17, located on the radiating substrate 16, and its length... Directly determines the resonant frequency The relationship between the two is as follows: (5) in, The effective dielectric constant is a result of the combined effect of the substrate material and air. The equivalent extension amount brought about by the edge effect.

[0055] The parasitic patch 19 is introduced synchronously to extend the antenna bandwidth through electromagnetic coupling, and the annular slot element 20 disturbs the surface current, which is equivalent to introducing additional reactance, so that the antenna can obtain a wider impedance bandwidth at the target frequency.

[0056] To overcome the attenuation characteristics of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves in mud, the antenna was further optimized by arranging a rectangular antenna in a 1×2 linear array. This concentrates the radiated electromagnetic waves, increasing the forward radiation gain by approximately 3dB and significantly improving the readout rate. Simultaneously, while maintaining the vertical beamwidth, the horizontal beamwidth was narrowed, making it more suitable for the motion characteristics of specific wellhead applications.

[0057] Feed port 22 and microstrip power divider 23 enable the antenna's feeding and electrical connection. The characteristic impedance of the microstrip line in microstrip power divider 23... By its width Medium thickness and dielectric constant A decision is expressed as: (6) The location of the power supply point is determined by the following formula: (7) in, Location of the power supply point. For patch length, This refers to the thickness of the patch.

[0058] This design uses a center frequency of 920MHz as the input parameter and employs a coaxial feeding method. Circular polarization is achieved through chamfering, and an annular slot element is introduced with the feed point as the center to cancel out inductance. Finite element analysis software is used to optimize the structural dimensions and feed point location to improve antenna performance.

[0059] like Figure 8 The image shows the antenna's finite element simulation radiation pattern. It can be seen that the E-plane half-power beamwidth is ≥32°, the H-plane half-power beamwidth is ≥64°, and the maximum gain exceeds 11dB, indicating that the antenna's radiation is concentrated in a specific direction, resulting in high radiation utilization. Figure 9 The image shows the measured radiation pattern of the antenna. It can be seen that the half-power beamwidth in the E-plane is 35°, and the half-power beamwidth in the H-plane is 65°, with a maximum directional gain of 11.2 dBi. The actual performance is almost identical to the simulated performance. This demonstrates that the antenna can generate stable and efficient electromagnetic wave radiation, enabling reliable identification of RFID tags.

[0060] (1.2.3) Based on the determined antenna design parameters and layout parameters, the RFID reader, industrial camera and lighting unit are integrated and set at the preset position at the wellhead, and the driving mode of the RFID reader is set to a time-division polling strategy.

[0061] Specifically, during the installation of the integrated module, firstly, the antennas of the RFID readers are interconnected via low-loss radio frequency cables and powered by the explosion-proof distribution box 14. Secondly, the industrial-grade explosion-proof camera and controllable lighting unit are fixed together on the bracket on the wellhead side to ensure clear imaging of the target image of the tag on the drill string. Their power supply is also drawn from the explosion-proof distribution box. The wireless transmission subsystem relies on the LoRa wireless network to collect the data from the RFID readers and industrial cameras via the LoRa module, and then wirelessly transmits it to the remote base station through the relay node, finally delivering it to the data processing terminal, thereby completing the collection, remote transmission, and centralized processing of drill string information and image data.

[0062] like Figure 10 As shown, the three antennas a to c operate in turn at fixed time intervals T, displayed on a time axis (antenna a operates within the range of 0-T, antenna b operates within the range of T-2T, and so on). This time-division polling strategy is controlled by a multi-channel RFID reader, avoiding interference between antennas, achieving efficient and orderly RFID tag identification, and improving system reliability.

[0063] (2) When the driller on the drilling platform issues the "start drilling" or "start drilling" command, the drilling tool starts to start drilling. At the same time, the data acquisition terminal starts to collect the identification information and coded graphic information of the drilling tool tag and sends it to the data processing terminal.

[0064] When the driller issues a "pull out" or "run down" command, the drill string begins vertical displacement, and the system is activated into a detection state, with the RFID and industrial camera entering operational mode. During "running down," the RFID reader writes an EPC code to each passing tag, including information such as drill string number, well number, depth, and sequence. The industrial camera captures the original coded image for matching with subsequent coded images. During "pull out," the system is activated into a detection state, and the RFID and industrial camera enter reading mode.

[0065] The multi-channel RFID reader transmits commands to each of the separate antennas, and each antenna radiates electromagnetic waves using a time-division polling strategy, forming an RF identification zone within a preset space at the wellhead. The industrial camera and lighting unit start up and work simultaneously with the RFID reader within the same time frame, accurately acquiring high-definition images of preset coded graphic targets. Finally, the wireless transmission subsystem transmits the collected identification information and coded graphic information to the data processing terminal.

[0066] (3) The data processing terminal uses image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithm to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identity information and coded graphic information, obtain the quantitative damage index of the drill string label, and record the working conditions and label status data of the entire life cycle of the drill string.

[0067] In this embodiment, the image processing process of the data processing terminal mainly includes image preprocessing, drill string area detection and geometric correction, drill string code recognition, tag damage detection, and viewpoint invariance processing; damage assessment inversion is based on a pre-built inversion model, which converts the comprehensive feature vector into a quantitative damage index of the drill string tag; finally, the received multi-source data is fused, stored and managed, information is established and updated for each drill string, and the working conditions and tag status data of the entire life cycle are recorded.

[0068] Specifically, such as Figure 11 As shown, considering the changes in the reading perspective caused by the drilling tool's movement, and the overall requirements for real-time drilling tool management information and lightweight overall algorithm, the following steps are included: (3.1) Process the collected coded graphic information and extract the comprehensive feature vector of the drill tag.

[0069] In this embodiment, the processing of coded graphic information includes the following steps: (3.1.1) Perform image preprocessing on the collected coded graphic information, mainly including filtering, highlight processing and equalization.

[0070] ① Wiener Filtering Due to the high-speed movement of the drilling tool and the covering of drilling fluid and other mud, the collected coded images are blurred. In this embodiment, Wiener filtering is used for recovery.

[0071] The fuzzy image model is represented as follows: (8) in, Coordinates The observed grayscale values ​​of the blurred image; The length of the motion trajectory during the exposure time; It is additive noise; To recover the ideal, clear image grayscale values; , These represent the drill string movement speed in the image plane. and The directional component.

[0072] The point spread function (PSF) models the motion as linear: (9) In the formula, The direction angle of motion blur, i.e., the direction of motion relative to the image plane. The angle between directions.

[0073] To achieve image deblurring in the frequency domain and balance deblurring effect with noise suppression, the Wiener filtering optimal linear estimation method is adopted: (10) in, For the Fourier transform of PSF, This is the ratio of the noise power spectrum to the signal power spectrum. This is the Fourier transform of a blurred image.

[0074] ② Highlighting To accurately identify the mud area and provide a mask for subsequent processing, highlighting of the mud is also required. Since mud exhibits specific color characteristics in images, this embodiment uses thresholding to effectively separate the mud area from the drill string surface area.

[0075] First, create a mud mask. In the HSV color space, the color characteristics of the mud area are set as follows: Hue range: This corresponds to a range of shades from orange to yellowish-brown, representing the typical color of most drilling mud under light; saturation threshold: Used to ensure sufficient color purity in mud areas, excluding gray or near-colorless shadows, metallic dark areas, etc.; Lightness threshold: It is used to eliminate overly bright highlight areas in an image, such as metallic reflections; Secondly, based on the created mud mask A preset repair algorithm is used to repair the image area covered by mud to obtain the surface information of the drill bit.

[0076] In this embodiment, each pixel in the filtered image The RGB values ​​are converted to HSV values, and a neighborhood texture-based restoration algorithm is used to restore the surface information of the drill bit. This algorithm is expressed as: (11) In the formula, ( ) represents a neighborhood texture-based restoration algorithm; Coordinates The restored grayscale value; Coordinates The grayscale value.

[0077] ③Equalization processing Since the lighting conditions at the wellhead are greatly affected by the weather, resulting in low image contrast, this embodiment uses Limit Contrast Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) to make the encoded characters and damage features more obvious, facilitating subsequent processing.

[0078] Specifically, including: First, the image after highlight processing is divided into 8×8 sub-regions; Secondly, a histogram is calculated for each sub-region and then cropped. The cropped length is as follows:

[0079] Finally, pixel values ​​are redistributed to avoid over-amplifying noise.

[0080] (3.1.2) Based on the preprocessed coded graphic data, the drill bit area is detected and geometrically corrected.

[0081] First, the drill string area is detected based on the geometric and color features of the drill string, mainly including edge detection and Hough transform line detection.

[0082] The edge detection uses the Canny edge detector, and the gradient magnitude calculation formula is as follows: (12) In the formula, and These are the gradients in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. This represents the gradient magnitude. The direction of the normal to the edge.

[0083] Hough transform line detection, the equation of the line in parameter space is: (13) In the formula, This is the perpendicular distance from the line to the origin of the image coordinate system.

[0084] By setting the threshold parameter: 1 pixel resolution With a resolution of 1° and a minimum number of votes of 30, a straight line was detected at the edge of the drill bit.

[0085] Secondly, due to the relative angle between the industrial camera and the drilling tool, perspective correction is required for the coded graphics.

[0086] In this embodiment, perspective correction is performed using a homography transformation model, which is represented as follows: (14) In the formula, The homography matrix is ​​represented as follows: , , , , Controlling affine transformations such as rotation, scaling, and shearing. , Controlling translation transformations, , Transmission distortion occurs; These are the coordinates of the source point, i.e., the coordinates of the four vertices of the quadrilateral profile of the drill string before correction; The coordinates are the target points, i.e., the coordinates of the four vertices of the standard rectangle that the drill string is expected to appear as in the corrected image. The Linear Transformation (DLT) algorithm is used to estimate these coordinates. For matching point pairs Construct a system of linear equations: (15) In the formula, .

[0087] The homography matrix is ​​obtained by solving the problem using singular value decomposition (SVD). The least squares solution.

[0088] (3.1.3) Based on the corrected drill bit area image, the coding area is located and identified to obtain candidate coding areas.

[0089] Determine the sliding window size. Since drill string codes typically have high contrast characteristics, local variance detection is used within the sliding window. (16) In the formula, For The central window, The mean within the window. The number of pixels in the window.

[0090] Based on a defined sliding window, a coding region is searched within the drill string area, and the region with the largest variance is selected as the candidate coding region.

[0091] (3.1.4) Binarize and normalize the candidate coding region and extract the comprehensive feature vector of the drill tag.

[0092] Specifically, it includes the following steps: ① Binarization To adapt to changes in illumination in different areas, this embodiment employs two binarization methods: one is an adaptive threshold binarization method to improve the binarization effect. (17) In the formula, Coordinates The local adaptive threshold calculated at a point is used to determine whether the gray value at that point is greater than the threshold. If the gray value at that point is greater than the threshold, it is set as the foreground; otherwise, it is set as the background. and These are the local mean and standard deviation; It is the adjustment coefficient, and .

[0093] Secondly, Sauvola binarization is more suitable for situations with uneven lighting: (18) In the formula, The maximum value of the standard deviation dynamic range is the normalization constant, which is taken as in this embodiment. =128, =0.5.

[0094] ② Normalization treatment The brightness and contrast of characters vary in different images. This embodiment improves the recognition accuracy of the classifier through normalization processing to segment the characters, including the following steps: Projection analysis: Calculate the vertical projection and locate the character boundary by finding the projection valley.

[0095] (19) In the formula, V refers to the vertical projection of the grayscale values ​​of all pixels in the image along the vertical direction (x column). In a line of text containing multiple characters, the projection value V of the character region is higher, while the V of the blank areas between characters is significantly lower, thus determining the left and right boundaries of each character.

[0096] Connectivity analysis: Extracting character regions based on 8-neighbor connectivity.

[0097] Character normalization: The segmented characters are normalized to 32×32 pixels, and then grayscale normalization is performed. (20) In the formula, Refers to the entire 32 The original grayscale value matrix of a 32-character image block; and These are the overall mean and standard deviation of all pixels, respectively.

[0098] ③ Image feature extraction First, the character image is divided into 8×8 pixel cells. For each cell, a gradient histogram is calculated in 9 directions. Cells are then grouped into blocks of 2×2 pixels, and intra-block normalization is performed. For a 32×32 character image, the HOG feature dimension is:

[0099] Secondly, for the center pixel and its neighboring pixels Encoding is performed using a Local Binary Pattern (LBP) that is insensitive to changes in illumination, represented as: (twenty one) In the formula, =8 represents the number of neighboring points. =1 is the radius. A uniform mode is used, and the LBP feature dimension is 59.

[0100] Finally, the HOG features and LBP features are concatenated to form a comprehensive feature vector.

[0101] (3.2) Input the extracted comprehensive feature vector into the pre-constructed inversion model to obtain the quantitative damage index of the drill string label.

[0102] Specifically, it includes the following steps: ① Perform viewpoint invariance processing Since the movement of the drill bit causes the image to rotate, the feature descriptor can be made rotation-invariant through orientation calculation. Therefore, viewpoint invariance processing is performed: ORB (Oriented Fast and Rotated BRIEF) features are used for image feature point matching, and feature matching and mismatch removal are performed. Finally, affine transformation estimation is performed to minimize reprojection error.

[0103] ② Construct the optimal classification hypersurface to achieve character classification.

[0104] In this embodiment, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) that can maintain good generalization ability under small sample conditions is used as the classifier, and the optimization problem is: (twenty two) The constraints are: (twenty three) In the formula, The penalty parameter represents a trade-off between maximizing the classification margin and minimizing the classification error. For kernel function mapping; and and are the parameters of the classification decision hyperplane, where The normal vector determines the direction of the hyperplane. It is a bias term; The slack variable allows some samples to be misclassified or fall within the interval, increasing the model's robustness to noise and inseparable data.

[0105] Using a radial basis function (RBF) kernel: (twenty four) In this embodiment, damage detection is divided into the following types: Cracks: linear characteristics, width 0.1-2 mm, high curvature.

[0106] Wear: Area-based, depth gradient, texture variation Corrosion: Point-like or area-like, randomly distributed, with blurred edges. Based on the classification result type, the damage features of the coded image are quantified: Crack length: Calculated pixel length after skeletonization Multiply by the actual pixel size : (25) Skeletonization refers to the process of using the Zhang-Suen fast parallel thinning algorithm to iteratively delete boundary pixels that meet specific conditions until the region can no longer be thinned, ultimately preserving the central skeleton of its topological structure.

[0107] Crack width: Average width measured along the skeleton normal direction Wear area: Calculate the number of pixels in the damaged area. Convert to actual area: (26) Severity of injury: (27) In the formula, This is the maximum allowed value.

[0108] ③ Perform smoothing processing It is necessary to ensure the real-time transmission of drilling tool information, with a total image processing time ≤20ms to meet the real-time requirements. Simultaneously, the recognition results are smoothed using temporal continuity. (28) In the formula, for The result after time smoothing For the current frame result, =0.7 is the smoothing factor.

[0109] (3.3) Store and manage the crack length, wear area, damage degree score, deformation index, and comprehensive damage severity of the coded graphics on the surface of the drill tag to form a dataset of working conditions and tag status throughout the entire life cycle of the drill.

[0110] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling tool information intelligent sensing system based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition terminal is used to acquire the identification information and coded graphic information on the drill string tag based on RFID and visual recognition collaborative technology during the drilling process, and transmit it to the data processing terminal. The data processing terminal is used to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identification information and coded graphic information using image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms, to obtain the quantitative damage index of the drill string tag, and to record and form a dataset of working conditions and tag status throughout the entire life cycle of the drill string.

2. The intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit tag is an RFID-coded graphic composite tag. The RFID-coded graphic composite tag adopts an integrated multi-layer structure design, including an RFID functional layer, a coded graphic target layer and a wear-resistant transparent protective layer arranged sequentially from the inside out. The RFID functional layer includes an anti-metal antenna and a tag, which is made using flexible circuit technology and is used to transmit or receive radio frequency signals to achieve identification of the drilling tool. The coded graphic target layer is formed on a metal substrate using a printing process to create a numerical matrix coded graphic, which serves as a benchmark for visual recognition and deformation analysis. The wear-resistant transparent protective layer is made of a special engineering material with high hardness and high light transmittance, covering the outside of the coded graphic target layer.

3. The intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition terminal includes an RFID and visual recognition subsystem and a wireless transmission subsystem; The RFID and visual recognition subsystem is set at a preset location at the wellhead and is used to collect the identification information and coded graphic information of the drill string tag in real time when the drill string passes through the preset location at the wellhead during the "drilling down" or "drilling up" process. The wireless transmission subsystem is used to send the identification information and coded graphic information of the drill tag to the data processing terminal.

4. The intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The RFID and visual recognition subsystem includes several integrated modules and driving modules; Each of the integrated modules is set at a preset position at the wellhead and is distributed in a circular array with the drill string as the center, in order to form an RF identification zone within a preset space at the wellhead; The drive module is connected to each of the integrated modules via coaxial cables and is powered by an explosion-proof distribution box. It is used to control each of the integrated modules and collects the identification information and coded graphic information of the drill bit in real time through RFID-coded graphic composite tags set on the drill bit, and transmits them to the wireless transmission subsystem.

5. The intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 4, characterized in that, All the integrated modules described have the same structure, including an RFID reader, an industrial camera, and a lighting unit; The RFID reader / writer within each integrated module is used to radiate electromagnetic waves under the control of the drive module using a time-division polling strategy to form an RF identification zone within a preset space at the wellhead. The industrial camera and lighting unit are activated simultaneously with the RFID reader and operate within the same time frame to acquire high-definition images of the encoded graphics on the encoded graphic target layer.

6. The intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The antenna in the RFID reader includes a metal ground plane, a first radiating antenna assembly, a second radiating antenna assembly, a feed port, and a microstrip power divider. The first and second radiating antenna assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the metal ground plane, each including a radiating substrate, a radiating patch, a parasitic substrate, a parasitic patch, an annular slot unit, and a stud support structure; The radiating substrate and the parasitic substrate are fixedly mounted on the metal grounding plate by a stud support structure; The radiating patch is disposed between the radiating substrate and the parasitic substrate, and the radiating patch is also provided with the annular slit unit. The parasitic patch is disposed above the parasitic substrate; The feed port and microstrip power divider are disposed on the metal ground plane and connected to the two radiating antenna assemblies. The feed port is connected to the drive module via a coaxial cable, and the microstrip power divider is used to transmit the signal received by the feed port to the two radiating antenna assemblies.

7. A method for intelligent sensing of drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition, implemented based on the intelligent sensing system for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: Install data acquisition terminals at preset locations on the drilling tools and wellhead, and connect them to the data processing terminal; When the driller on the drilling rig issues the "tap up" or "drill down" command, the drilling tool tripping begins. At the same time, the data acquisition terminal starts collecting the identification information and coded graphic information of the drilling tool tag and sends it to the data processing terminal. The data processing terminal uses image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithms to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identity information and coded graphic information, obtain quantitative damage indicators of drill string tags, and record to form a dataset of working conditions and tag status throughout the entire life cycle of the drill string.

8. The intelligent sensing method for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The installation of a data acquisition terminal at a predetermined location on the drilling tool and wellhead, and its connection to a data processing terminal, includes: Set up a data acquisition terminal, which includes an RFID and visual recognition subsystem and a wireless transmission subsystem; A label mounting area is machined on the surface of the drill bit, and the drill bit label is fixed to the label mounting area of ​​the drill bit using a mechanical thread connection or interference fit. The design and layout parameters of the antenna in the RFID and visual recognition subsystem are optimized based on the drilling tool movement characteristics, and the antenna is set at a preset position at the wellhead based on the optimization results.

9. The intelligent sensing method for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The data processing terminal employs an image recognition and coded graphic damage inversion algorithm to perform image processing and damage assessment inversion on the acquired identification information and coded graphic information, obtaining quantitative damage indicators for the drill string tags, and recording them to form a dataset of operating conditions and tag status throughout the entire lifecycle of the drill string, including: The collected coded graphic information is processed, and the comprehensive feature vector of the drill tag is extracted. The extracted comprehensive feature vector is input into a pre-built inversion model to obtain the quantitative damage index of the drill string label; The crack length, wear area, damage degree score, deformation index, and overall damage severity of the coded graphics on the surface of the drill string label are stored and managed to form a dataset of working conditions and label status throughout the entire life cycle of the drill string.

10. The intelligent sensing method for drilling tool information based on the collaboration of RFID and visual recognition as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The process of processing the collected coded graphic information and extracting the comprehensive feature vector of the drill string tag includes: Image preprocessing is performed on the acquired coded graphic information, including filtering, highlighting, and equalization. Based on the preprocessed coded graphic data, the drill string area is detected and geometrically corrected. Based on the corrected drill string area image, the coded region is located and identified to obtain candidate coded regions; The candidate coding regions are binarized and normalized, and the comprehensive feature vector of the drill string label is extracted.

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