A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application.

Abstract

This invention provides a method for preparing and applying a Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) attractant based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors, belonging to the field of agricultural and forestry technology. The preparation method involves encapsulating Cyperus rotundus essential oil with β-cyclodextrin to obtain an essential oil inclusion complex; ultra-finely pulverizing glycine, sodium citrate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, Acorus tatarinowii extract, capsaicin, and peppermint extract into ultra-fine functional powder; preparing microcapsule active powder from tea saponin and azadirachtin using maltodextrin and gum arabic; mixing sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultra-fine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, bentonite, and talc, then adding carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate to form core particles, which are then coated with a coating solution to obtain the Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors. This invention constructs an integrated trapping mode of active attraction, continuous residence, and targeted feeding based on the dual behavioral principles of Pomacea canaliculata's feeding preferences and oviposition tropism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural and forestry technology, and in particular to a method for preparing a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Golden apple snail ( Pomacea canaliculata Golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) are typical invasive aquatic mollusks. Their highly specific feeding preferences, aggregation behaviors, and selection of spawning substrates provide an important behavioral basis for precise trapping and control. Current control technologies for golden apple snails mainly rely on the application of chemical agents across fields and on water surfaces. Although these methods can quickly reduce snail populations, they generally suffer from core drawbacks such as lack of targeting, low agent utilization, poor environmental compatibility, and high risk of non-targeting.

[0003] Conventional molluscicides rely solely on passive contact and feeding to kill the snail, failing to utilize the apple snail's behavioral response mechanisms to carbohydrate signals, amino acid signals, aquatic plant volatiles, and chemotactic signals related to oviposition. This prevents active attraction and targeted feeding, resulting in significant loss of the active ingredient in the water and sediment, with a utilization rate of less than 10%. Furthermore, most commercially available molluscicides are ordinary fast-release formulations, with the active ingredient dissolving rapidly, easily photolyzed, oxidized, and diluted by water, leading to short-lasting effects and the need for repeated applications. While some slow-release carrier technologies exist, they rely solely on physical slow release without incorporating behavioral attraction and enhancement mechanisms. These technologies generally suffer from problems such as floating, easy disintegration, low feeding activity, and uncontrollable release, failing to match the apple snail's benthic, still-water feeding, and targeted oviposition habits. Simultaneously, existing technologies employ high-dose stress poisoning, neglecting the green trapping principles of behavioral regulation, efficient attraction, and low-dose lethality. This not only exacerbates ecological pressure on aquatic bodies but also increases the risk of drug resistance in apple snails. Therefore, constructing a slow-release attractant based on the dual behavioral regulation of feeding and egg-laying in the golden apple snail has significant theoretical and practical value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, and its application.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, the method comprising the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation β-cyclodextrin was used to encapsulate Cyperus rotundus essential oil to obtain an essential oil inclusion complex; S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder Glycine, sodium citrate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, acorus tatarinowii extract, capsaicin and peppermint extract were ultra-finely pulverized into ultra-fine functional powder. S3, Microencapsulation Tea saponin and azadirachtin were prepared into microcapsule active powder using maltodextrin and gum arabic; S4, Core Particle Preparation Sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, bentonite and talc are mixed, then carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate are added and mixed evenly to make a soft material; the soft material is then made into core particles. S5. Preparation of coating solution Prepare a transparent coating solution using triethyl citrate; S6, fluidized bed coating The core layer particles were coated with a coating solution to prepare the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and egg-laying behaviors.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S3, the specific steps of microencapsulation are as follows: Maltodextrin and gum arabic were dissolved in water, then an agricultural-grade organosilicon defoamer was added, followed by the slow addition of tea saponin and azadirachtin. After homogenization, a stable suspension was formed, and then the suspension was spray-dried to obtain microcapsule active powder.

[0007] Furthermore, the weight ratio of tea saponin, azadirachtin, maltodextrin, and gum arabic is 14.5~15.5:4.5~5.5:28~32:9.5~10.5; The homogenization speed was 4900~5200 r / min and the time was 15~20 min; The inlet air temperature for spray drying is 115~130℃, and the outlet air temperature is 60~70℃.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the specific process of essential oil pre-encapsulation is as follows: Dissolve β-cyclodextrin in water, then add Cyperus rotundus essential oil for inclusion, and then spray dry to obtain essential oil inclusion complex.

[0009] Furthermore, the weight ratio of Cyperus rotundus essential oil to β-cyclodextrin is 1:6~7.

[0010] Furthermore, the weight ratio of Cyperus rotundus essential oil, glycine, sodium citrate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, Acorus tatarinowii extract, capsaicin, peppermint extract, azadirachtin, sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, bentonite, and talc is 8:28~32:24~26:14.6~15.4:9.8~10.2:9.8~10.2:9.8~10.2:4.5~5.5:90~110:45~55:430~440:38~42.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S4, the specific process for preparing the core layer particles is as follows: Sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, bentonite and talc are mixed, then carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate are added, mixed well, and water is slowly added and stirred to obtain a soft material; the soft material is extruded, rounded and dried to obtain core particles.

[0012] Furthermore, the weight ratio of sweet potato starch hydrolysate to carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate is 90~110:28~32:38~42.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific process for preparing the ultrafine functional powder is as follows: Take glycine, sodium citrate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, acorus tatarinowii extract, capsaicin and peppermint extract, mix them, and pulverize them at 13~15℃ until they all pass through a 220~250 mesh sieve to obtain ultrafine functional powder.

[0014] Application of a Pomacea canaliculata trap based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors: The above-mentioned Pomacea canaliculata trap based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors is applied to attract and kill Pomacea canaliculata.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the preparation method and application of the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior of the present invention are as follows: This invention, based on the dual behavioral principles of feeding preferences and oviposition tropism in the golden apple snail, constructs an integrated trapping and killing mode encompassing active attraction, sustained residence, and targeted feeding. It utilizes sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, and glycine to create multi-level feeding signals, Cyperus rotundus essential oil to provide olfactory attraction signals, and Acorus tatarinowii extract to provide oviposition chemotaxis and aggregation signals. This oviposition chemotaxis effectively induces sexually mature golden apple snails to aggregate towards the treated area, increasing their probability of contacting and ingesting lethal components, thereby significantly improving the final killing efficiency through behavioral regulation. This invention employs a dual sustained-release mechanism of wall material encapsulation microcapsules and ethyl cellulose environmentally responsive coating, effectively overcoming the technical defects of plant-derived active substances being easily degraded, easily lost, and released too quickly. Furthermore, by microencapsulating tea saponin and azadirachtin with maltodextrin and gum arabic, photo-oxidative degradation can be avoided. At the same time, the outer coating slowly swells and releases the drug in an aqueous environment, achieving continuous, uniform, and long-lasting release, significantly improving the duration of efficacy, and greatly reducing the dosage of active ingredients and the frequency of medication. This invention uses bentonite and talc to construct specific gravity-adapted sinking particles, which, based on physical principles, ensures that the product sinks immediately upon entering the water, remains stable in one spot, does not float, and does not spread. It can be precisely placed in the substrate environment where golden apple snails are active and feeding, making the attraction and killing areas highly concentrated, significantly improving the utilization rate of the agent, and effectively achieving precise targeted control. This invention relies on strong attraction to increase food intake and continuous drug release to ensure effective concentration in the body, achieving high lethality at low doses. It breaks through the conventional principle of high-dose poisoning and significantly improves the efficacy of prevention while helping to reduce the toxicity risk to non-target aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimp, crabs, and frogs. Theoretically, it has good environmental compatibility and ecological safety. This invention uses sodium citrate and anhydrous magnesium sulfate as behavior enhancers and feeding promoters to improve the sustained feeding of golden apple snails; capsaicin and peppermint extract reduce the risk of feeding by non-target organisms; and the feeding attractant, slow-release, and molluscicidal components work synergistically at the behavioral, formulation, and toxicological levels. This invention utilizes low-temperature ultrafine pulverization, spray drying microcapsules, and fluidized bed low-temperature coating to maximize the retention of the activity of volatile attractants such as Cyperus rotundus essential oil. From a process principle perspective, it improves the uniformity, stability, and water erosion resistance of the product, making it suitable for industrial production and applications in various scenarios such as paddy fields, ditches, and wetlands. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a comparison of the actual trapping effects of the golden apple snail attractant (Y1), control group (CK1), and blank group (CK0) prepared in Example 1 of this invention after 20 days of field application. Figure 2 The results show the mortality rate in the trapping effect test of the golden apple snail traps based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behavior prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-10 of this invention. Figure 3 The corrected mortality rate results are from the trapping effect test of the golden apple snail traps based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-10 of this invention. Figure 4 These are the mortality results in the field application experiments of the golden apple snail attractants based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-10 of this invention; Figure 5 The results are corrected mortality rates in field application experiments of the golden apple snail attractants based on feeding and spawning behavior regulation prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-10 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0018] Acorus tatarinowii extract ( Acorus gramineus Soland ExtractPurchased from Xi'an Changyue Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; peppermint extract ( Mentha haplocalyx Extract Purchased from Xi'an Changyue Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; sweet potato starch ( sweet potato starch Purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; yeast extract ( yeast extract Purchased from Hubei Mingtuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0019] Example 1: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This embodiment describes a method for preparing and applying a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation Take 48g of β-cyclodextrin and add 1500mL of deionized water. Stir at 40℃ and 500r / min for 10min until completely dissolved. Then add 8g of Cyperus rotundus essential oil and stir at 40℃ for 30min to encapsulate the oil. Spray dry at 120℃ for inlet air and 60℃ for outlet air to obtain essential oil inclusion complex.

[0020] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder Mix 30g of glycine, 25g of sodium citrate, 15g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 10g of acorus tatarinowii extract, 10g of capsaicin, and 10g of peppermint extract, and pulverize at 15°C until all of them pass through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain ultrafine functional powder.

[0021] S3, Microencapsulation Take 30g of maltodextrin and 10g of gum arabic and add them to 400mL of deionized water. Stir at 50℃ and 500r / min for 30min until completely dissolved. Then add 0.3mL of agricultural-grade organosilicon defoamer and stir evenly. Then slowly add 15g of tea saponin and 5g of azadirachtin. Use a high-shear dispersion emulsifier to homogenize at 5000r / min for 15min at room temperature to make the tea saponin and azadirachtin evenly dispersed in the wall material solution to form a stable suspension. Then spray dry with an inlet air temperature of 120℃ and an outlet air temperature of 60℃ to obtain microcapsule active powder.

[0022] S4, Core Particle Preparation Take 150g of sweet potato starch and add 1200mL of deionized water to make starch milk. Adjust the pH to 6.0, then add 0.15g of high-temperature α-amylase, liquefy at 95℃ for 60min, cool to 60℃, adjust the pH to 4.5, add 0.3g of saccharifying enzyme, saccharify at 60℃ for 12h, inactivate the enzyme, centrifuge, and spray dry to obtain sweet potato starch hydrolysate.

[0023] Add 100g of sweet potato starch hydrolysate, 50g of yeast extract, the above essential oil inclusion complex, the above ultrafine functional powder, the above microcapsule active powder, 436g of bentonite and 40g of talc to a wet mixer and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then add 30g of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40g of sodium alginate and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then slowly add 350mL of deionized water and stir for 7 minutes to obtain a soft material that can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when lightly pressed. The soft material is extruded and rounded into 2.0mm particles, and then dried with hot air at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the core layer particles.

[0024] S5. Preparation of coating solution Add 20g of triethyl citrate to 1500mL of anhydrous ethanol and stir for 5min. Then slowly add 100g of ethyl cellulose and stir until completely dissolved. Continue stirring for 30min to remove bubbles and obtain a transparent coating solution.

[0025] S6, fluidized bed coating The core layer particles were added to a fluidized bed, with the inlet air temperature set at 50℃, the material temperature at 35℃, and the bottom spraying pressure at 0.2MPa. The particles were coated with a coating solution at a uniform rate until the weight gain reached 10%, and then dried for 10 minutes. After discharge, the particles were dried at 30℃ to evaporate any residual ethanol solvent. The mixture was then passed through a 2.0mm sieve to obtain the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and egg-laying behaviors, labeled as Y1.

[0026] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant Y1, which regulates feeding and spawning behaviors, was applied to the aquatic environment to achieve a trapping effect, as detailed below: S71, Lure and Kill Effect Test The indoor static water simulation method was used to verify the trapping effect. The shell height of the test Pomacea canaliculata was about 2.5 cm, and it was starved for 4 days before the test. The test containers were 20 L polypropylene plastic boxes with a water depth of 3.5 cm. 30 healthy snails were placed in each box. There were treatment groups (Y1, using the Pomacea canaliculata trapping agent Y1 based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behavior as the medicament), control groups (CK1, using metaldehyde as the medicament), and blank groups (CK0). Each treatment had 5 replicates, and 20 g of basic snail feed was fed to each replicate every day. The medicament was applied at a dose of 0.6 g every 5 days to each replicate in the treatment group and the control group, and the total application amount was 3.6 g / box for 30 days; no medicament was applied to the blank group. One-third of the water body was replaced every 2 days, and the dead Pomacea canaliculata were taken out in time to prevent water quality from being affected (the number of dead ones recorded when taken out was recorded at the next recording node). At the same time, the number of dead snails was recorded on days 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30. The cumulative mortality and corrected mortality were calculated. The data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical software for one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), and the Duncan's new multiple range method was used for significance testing of differences (P<0.05 was significant, P<0.01 was extremely significant). The calculation results are shown in Table 1.

[0027] Among them, mortality (%) = (number of dead Pomacea canaliculata / total number) × 100%; Corrected mortality (%) = (mortality of the treatment group - mortality of the blank group) / (100 - mortality of the blank group) × 100%.

[0028] Table 1 Summary of results for each group

[0029] Note: Compared with the control group CK1, ns indicates P>0.05, and the difference is not significant; indicates 0.01<P≤0.05, and the difference is significant; indicates P≤0.01, and the difference is extremely significant.

[0030] The control group exhibited only a very low natural mortality rate throughout the experiment, with a cumulative mortality rate of only 3.33% over 30 days. One day after the start of the experiment, the rapid-acting molluscicide effect in the control group was slightly higher than that in the experimental group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, by day 5, the molluscicide effect in the experimental group surpassed that in the control group, with a significant difference between the two (P < 0.05). During the experimental period from day 10 to 30, the corrected mortality rate in the experimental group continued to increase significantly, reaching 96.55% at day 15 and achieving 100% complete lethality from day 20 onwards. In contrast, the efficacy of the control group tended to stagnate in the later stages, with the mortality rate stabilizing at 83.33%, failing to completely eradicate the golden apple snails. The difference between the two groups reached a highly significant level (P < 0.01). The reason for the above results is that the metaldehyde granules used in the control group have poor water solubility and no behavioral attraction effect, relying only on passive contact and accidental ingestion to exert their efficacy, resulting in low ingestion utilization and incomplete control. In contrast, the golden apple snail attractant Y1 prepared in this invention, based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors, relies on a synergistic regulatory mechanism of feeding and oviposition behaviors, combined with a two-layer slow-release system, exhibiting strong attraction ability, high willingness of golden apple snails to actively feed, and continuous and stable release of the active ingredients. Therefore, the golden apple snail attractant of this invention is significantly superior to traditional metaldehyde molluscicides in terms of snail-killing speed, late-stage control effect, thorough lethality, and long-term pest control capability, demonstrating outstanding advantages in green safety, reduced dosage, and increased efficiency.

[0031] S72, Field application The study was conducted in rice paddies, with three treatment groups: a treatment group (Y1, using a golden apple snail attractant Y1 based on feeding and oviposition behavior regulation), a control group (CK1, using metaldehyde as the agent), and a blank group (CK0, no agent applied). Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replicate spanning 2 m. 2 (2m×1m), each replicate was randomly distributed, and each replicate was ridged, with protective netting placed on the ridges to prevent the golden apple snails from escaping. All tested golden apple snails were healthy individuals with a shell height of approximately 2.5cm, with 30 snails per treatment. Snails were starved for 4 days before the experiment to standardize their feeding behavior. During the experiment, the number of dead snails was observed and recorded at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days after application. Cumulative mortality and corrected mortality were calculated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software for one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's new multiple range test was used to test for significance (P<0.05 was considered significant, P<0.01 was considered highly significant). The results are shown in Table 2. The comparison of the actual trapping effect 20 days after field application is shown in the figure below. Figure 1 .

[0032] The mortality rate (%) = (number of dead golden apple snails / total number of snails) × 100%; Corrected mortality rate (%) = (treatment group mortality rate - control group mortality rate) / (100 - control group mortality rate) × 100%.

[0033] Table 2 Summary of results for each group

[0034] Note: Compared with the control group CK1, ns indicates P>0.05, with no significant difference; indicates 0.01<P≤0.05, with a significant difference; indicates P≤0.01, with a highly significant difference.

[0035] In the early stage of the experiment, on the 1st and 5th days, the initial snail-killing effects of the snail attractant Y1 prepared based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors in the present invention and metaldehyde were not significantly different; when the experiment reached the 10th day, the snail-killing effect of the snail attractant Y1 prepared based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors in the present invention was significantly improved, and the mortality rate and corrected mortality rate were significantly higher than those of the control group CK1; when the experiment reached the 15th to 30th days, the snail attractant Y1 prepared based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors in the present invention could almost kill all the snails, while the snail-killing effect of metaldehyde in the control group CK1 tended to stagnate and could not completely kill the snails. It can be seen that the snail attractant Y1 prepared based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors in the present invention has a fast snail-killing speed, a long-lasting snail-killing effect, a complete lethal effect, and strong prevention and control stability, and the overall prevention and control effect is extremely significantly better than the traditional metaldehyde agent.

[0036] Examples 2 to 5 Preparation methods of snail attractants based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors Examples 2 to 5 are respectively preparation methods of a snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors. Their steps are basically the same as those of Example 1, except for the differences in the raw material dosages and some process parameters. For details, see Table 3: Table 3 Summary of various process parameters in Examples 2 to 5

[0037] The content of other parts and the types of raw materials used in Examples 2 to 5 are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be elaborated here.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 Preparation method and application of a snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors This comparative example is a preparation method and application of a snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of ultrafine functional powder The ultrafine functional powder is prepared completely according to the method in step S2 of Example 1.

[0039] S2, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in step S3 of Example 1.

[0040] S3, Core Particle Preparation Add 100g of sweet potato starch hydrolysate, 50g of yeast extract, 8g of Cyperus rotundus essential oil, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, 436g of bentonite and 60g of talc to a wet mixer and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then add 30g of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40g of sodium alginate and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then slowly add 350mL of deionized water and stir for 7 minutes to obtain a soft material that can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when lightly pressed. The soft material is extruded and rounded into 2.0mm particles, and then dried with hot air at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the core layer particles.

[0041] S4. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in step S5 of Example 1.

[0042] S5, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior was prepared entirely according to the method in step S6 of Example 1, and labeled as DY1.

[0043] S6, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY1, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting and killing snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0044] Comparative Example 2: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0045] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder The ultrafine functional powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0046] S3, Core Particle Preparation Add 100g of sweet potato starch hydrolysate, 50g of yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, 15g of tea saponin, 5g of azadirachtin, 436g of bentonite, and 60g of talc to a wet mixer and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then add 30g of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40g of sodium alginate and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then slowly add 350mL of deionized water and stir for 7 minutes to obtain a soft material that can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when lightly pressed. The soft material is extruded and rounded into 2.0mm particles, and then dried with hot air at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the core layer particles.

[0047] S4. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in step S5 of Example 1.

[0048] S5, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared entirely according to the method in step S6 of Example 1, and labeled as DY2.

[0049] S6, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY2, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting and killing snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0050] Comparative Example 3: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0051] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder The ultrafine functional powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0052] S3, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0053] Add 40g of maltodextrin to 400mL of deionized water and stir at 50℃ and 500r / min for 30min until completely dissolved. Then add 0.3mL of agricultural-grade organosilicon defoamer and stir evenly. Slowly add 15g of tea saponin and 5g of azadirachtin. Use a high-shear dispersion emulsifier to homogenize at 5000r / min for 15min at room temperature to uniformly disperse tea saponin and azadirachtin in the wall material solution to form a stable suspension. Then spray dry with an inlet air temperature of 120℃ and an outlet air temperature of 60℃ to obtain microcapsule active powder.

[0054] S4, Core Particle Preparation Core particles were prepared exactly according to the method described in Example 1.

[0055] S5. Preparation of coating solution The coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0056] S6, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1 and labeled as DY3.

[0057] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY3, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0058] Comparative Example 4: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0059] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder The ultrafine functional powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0060] S3, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0061] Add 40g of gum arabic to 400mL of deionized water and stir at 50℃ and 500r / min for 30min until completely dissolved. Then add 0.3mL of agricultural-grade organosilicon defoamer and stir evenly. Slowly add 15g of tea saponin and 5g of azadirachtin. Use a high-shear dispersion emulsifier to homogenize at 5000r / min for 15min at room temperature to uniformly disperse tea saponin and azadirachtin in the wall material solution to form a stable suspension. Then spray dry with an inlet air temperature of 120℃ and an outlet air temperature of 60℃ to obtain microcapsule active powder.

[0062] S4, Core Particle Preparation Core particles were prepared exactly according to the method described in Example 1.

[0063] S5. Preparation of coating solution The coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0064] S6, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1 and labeled as DY4.

[0065] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY4, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting and killing snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0066] Comparative Example 5: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0067] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder The ultrafine functional powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0068] S3, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0069] S4, Core Particle Preparation Add 100g of sweet potato starch hydrolysate, 50g of yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, 436g of bentonite and 60g of talc to a wet mixer and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then slowly add 350mL of deionized water and stir for 7 minutes to obtain a soft material that can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when lightly pressed. The soft material is extruded and rounded into 2.0mm particles, and then dried with hot air at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the core layer particles.

[0070] S5. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0071] S6, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1 and labeled as DY5.

[0072] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY5, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting and killing snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0073] Comparative Example 6: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0074] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder The ultrafine functional powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0075] S3, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0076] S4, Core Particle Preparation Add 100g of sweet potato starch hydrolysate, 50g of yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, and 496g of bentonite to a wet mixer and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then add 30g of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40g of sodium alginate and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then slowly add 350mL of deionized water and stir for 7 minutes to obtain a soft material that can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when lightly pressed. The soft material is extruded and rounded into 2.0mm particles, and then dried with hot air at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the core layer particles.

[0077] S5. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0078] S6, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared entirely according to the method in Example 1 and labeled as DY6.

[0079] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY6, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting and killing snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0080] Comparative Example 7: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0081] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder The ultrafine functional powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0082] S3, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0083] S4, Core Particle Preparation Add 100g of sweet potato starch hydrolysate, 50g of yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, and 496g of talc to a wet mixer and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then add 30g of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40g of sodium alginate and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then slowly add 350mL of deionized water and stir for 7 minutes to obtain a soft material that can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when lightly pressed. The soft material is extruded and rounded into 2.0mm particles, and then dried with hot air at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the core layer particles.

[0084] S5. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0085] S6, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1 and labeled as DY7.

[0086] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY7, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting and killing snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0087] Comparative Example 8: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder The ultrafine functional powder was prepared exactly according to the method in step S2 of Example 1.

[0088] S2, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in step S3 of Example 1.

[0089] S3, Core Particle Preparation Add 100g of sweet potato starch hydrolysate, 50g of yeast extract, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, 436g of bentonite and 60g of talc to a wet mixer and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then add 30g of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40g of sodium alginate and stir at low speed for 5 minutes until uniform. Then slowly add 350mL of deionized water and stir for 7 minutes to obtain a soft material that can be formed into a ball by hand and crumbles when lightly pressed. The soft material is extruded and rounded into 2.0mm particles, and then dried with hot air at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain the core layer particles.

[0090] S4. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in step S5 of Example 1.

[0091] S5, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared entirely according to the method in step S6 of Example 1, and labeled as DY8.

[0092] S6, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY8, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its effectiveness in attracting and killing snails and conducted field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0093] Comparative Example 9: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0094] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder Take 30g of glycine, 15g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 10g of acorus tatarinowii extract, 10g of capsaicin and 10g of peppermint extract, mix them together, and pulverize them at 15℃ until they all pass through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain ultrafine functional powder.

[0095] S3, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0096] S4, Core Particle Preparation Core particles were prepared exactly according to the method described in Example 1.

[0097] S5. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0098] S6, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared entirely according to the method in Example 1 and labeled as DY9.

[0099] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY9, which regulates feeding and spawning behavior, was tested for its trapping effect and field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0100] Comparative Example 10: A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors and its application. This comparative example illustrates the preparation method and application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, specifically including the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation The essential oil inclusion complex was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0101] S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder Mix 30g of glycine, 25g of sodium citrate, 10g of acorus tatarinowii extract, 10g of capsaicin, and 10g of peppermint extract, and pulverize at 15℃ until all of them pass through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain ultrafine functional powder.

[0102] S3, Microencapsulation Microcapsule active powder was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0103] S4, Core Particle Preparation Core particles were prepared exactly according to the method described in Example 1.

[0104] S5. Preparation of coating solution The transparent coating solution was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1.

[0105] S6, fluidized bed coating A golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors was prepared exactly according to the method in Example 1 and labeled as DY10.

[0106] S7, Application The golden apple snail attractant DY10, which regulates feeding and spawning behaviors, was tested for its trapping effect and field application experiments according to the method described in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Figures 2 to 5 .

[0107] Table 4. Summary of snail-killing results from the comparative experiments on the trapping and killing effects.

[0108] Note: Compared with the control group CK1, ns indicates P>0.05, meaning the difference is not significant; It indicates that 0.01 < P ≤ 0.05, with a significant difference; It indicates that P ≤ 0.01, with an extremely significant difference.

[0109] Table 5 Summary of the results of on-field snail control experiments for each pair of ratios

[0110] Note: Compared with the control group CK1, ns indicates P > 0.05, with no significant difference; It indicates that 0.01 < P ≤ 0.05, with a significant difference; It indicates that P ≤ 0.01, with an extremely significant difference.

[0111] From Table 4 to Table 5 and Figures 2 to 5 it can be seen that the snail control agent Y1 for Pomacea canaliculata prepared based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors of the present invention has the fastest and best rising rate of snail control effect, that is, 100% lethality of Pomacea canaliculata can be achieved, and it is extremely significantly superior to the control group and all comparative ratios, proving that the preparation method of the present invention has a strong synergistic effect, and the best sustained release property, feeding attraction property and snail control stability. For the comparative ratios (DY1 - DY4) without essential oil inclusion, without microencapsulation, and with single-wall material microencapsulation, it will lead to the loss of active ingredients and the decline of the sustained release effect, and further lead to the obvious weakness of the snail control effect in the middle and late stages compared with the snail control agent Y1 for Pomacea canaliculata prepared based on the regulation of feeding and oviposition behaviors of the present invention. At the same time, for the comparative ratios (DY5 - DY7) without using components such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, talcum powder, and bentonite, it will lead to poor granule forming property, water resistance and field persistence, thus reducing the snail control effect. Further, for the comparative ratios (DY8 - DY10) without using components such as Cyperus rotundus essential oil, sodium citrate, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate, it will lead to the decline of snail attraction activity, environmental adaptability and component stability, and the overall snail control ability will be greatly limited.

[0112] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: S1, Essential Oil Pre-encapsulation β-cyclodextrin was used to encapsulate Cyperus rotundus essential oil to obtain an essential oil inclusion complex; S2, Preparation of Ultrafine Functional Powder Glycine, sodium citrate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, acorus tatarinowii extract, capsaicin and peppermint extract were ultra-finely pulverized into ultra-fine functional powder. S3, Microencapsulation Tea saponin and azadirachtin were prepared into microcapsule active powder using maltodextrin and gum arabic; S4, Core Particle Preparation Sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, bentonite and talc are mixed, then carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate are added and mixed evenly to make a soft material; the soft material is then made into core particles. S5. Preparation of coating solution Prepare a transparent coating solution using triethyl citrate; S6, fluidized bed coating The core layer particles were coated with a coating solution to prepare the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and egg-laying behaviors.

2. The method for preparing the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the specific steps of microencapsulation are as follows: Maltodextrin and gum arabic were dissolved in water, then an agricultural-grade organosilicon defoamer was added, followed by the slow addition of tea saponin and azadirachtin. After homogenization, a stable suspension was formed, and then the suspension was spray-dried to obtain microcapsule active powder.

3. The method for preparing the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to claim 2, characterized in that, The weight ratio of tea saponin, azadirachtin, maltodextrin and gum arabic is 14.5~15.5:4.5~5.5:28~32:9.5~10.

5.

4. The method for preparing the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, In step S1, the specific process of essential oil pre-encapsulation is as follows: Dissolve β-cyclodextrin in water, then add Cyperus rotundus essential oil for inclusion, and then spray dry to obtain essential oil inclusion complex.

5. The method for preparing the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to claim 4, characterized in that, The weight ratio of Cyperus rotundus essential oil to β-cyclodextrin is 1:6~7.

6. The method for preparing the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to any one of claims 1-3 and 5, characterized in that, The weight ratio of Cyperus rotundus essential oil, glycine, sodium citrate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, Acorus tatarinowii extract, capsaicin, peppermint extract, azadirachtin, sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, bentonite, and talc is 8:28~32:24~26:14.6~15.4:9.8~10.2:9.8~10.2:9.8~10.2:4.5~5.5:90~110:45~55:430~440:38~42.

7. The method for preparing the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to any one of claims 1-3 and 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the specific process for preparing the core layer particles is as follows: Sweet potato starch hydrolysate, yeast extract, essential oil inclusion complex, ultrafine functional powder, microcapsule active powder, bentonite and talc are mixed, then carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate are added, mixed well, and water is slowly added and stirred to obtain a soft material; the soft material is extruded, rounded and dried to obtain core particles.

8. The method for preparing the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to claim 7, characterized in that, The weight ratio of sweet potato starch hydrolysate to carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate is 90~110:28~32:38~42.

9. The method for preparing a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior according to any one of claims 1-3, 5 and 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific process for preparing the ultrafine functional powder is as follows: Take glycine, sodium citrate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, acorus tatarinowii extract, capsaicin and peppermint extract, mix them, and pulverize them at 13~15℃ until they all pass through a 220~250 mesh sieve to obtain ultrafine functional powder.

10. The application of a golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behaviors, characterized in that, Apply the golden apple snail attractant based on the regulation of feeding and spawning behavior as described in any one of claims 1-9 to attract and kill golden apple snails.

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