A hydraulic tunnel concrete lining surface roughness reducing coating material

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel concrete lining coating technology, and discloses a surface roughening coating material for hydraulic tunnel concrete lining. The material includes a pre-prepared coating base component, and porous ceramics and zeolite added to the coating base component before construction. The porous ceramics and zeolite are added after pretreatment, the pretreatment steps being: washing with clean water, drying, soaking and stirring in deionized water, allowing the deionized water to flow, and soaking in deionized water in a pressurized tank. The pre-prepared coating base component, after being stirred and produced, is stored in a packaging container and is only opened before construction and thoroughly mixed with the porous ceramics and zeolite. Construction must be completed within 1 hour after mixing. This invention, by adding specifically pre-treated porous ceramics and zeolite, can significantly improve the surface roughness reduction effect of hydraulic tunnel concrete lining, effectively solving the problems of shrinkage and pitting caused by concrete water absorption, reducing surface roughness, and meeting the needs of tunnel use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel concrete lining coating technology, specifically to a roughening coating material for the surface of hydraulic tunnel concrete lining. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic tunnels are core facilities in water conservancy projects, primarily used for water conveyance and diversion. Their concrete linings, as the main support structure, are constantly underwater or in humid environments. Due to the effects of pouring, vibration, and other construction processes, their surfaces easily become rough and uneven. This not only significantly reduces water conveyance efficiency and increases head loss but also exacerbates the scouring and wear of the lining by the water flow, shortening its service life. Therefore, a coating is needed to protect the lining surface from roughness. Currently, conventional coatings are commonly used to protect the concrete lining surface of hydraulic tunnels. These coatings use epoxy resin as the film-forming substance, combined with amine curing agents, quartz powder fillers, and related additives. They are mainly used to improve the wear resistance and water resistance of the lining surface. The raw materials are mostly commercially available conventional products, the preparation process mainly involves mixing, and the application methods are spraying or scraping, followed by natural curing.

[0003] After existing coatings are applied, the concrete lining absorbs moisture from the coating, easily leading to defects such as shrinkage, pitting, and cracking. The surface roughness cannot meet the requirements for roughness reduction, and the coating's overall performance, including adhesion and shrinkage resistance, is limited, making it unsuitable for the humid and highly abrasive environment of hydraulic tunnels. Therefore, we propose a roughness-reducing coating material for the concrete lining surface of hydraulic tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a roughening coating material for the surface of concrete lining in hydraulic tunnels, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a roughening coating material for the surface of concrete lining in hydraulic tunnels, comprising a pre-prepared coating base component, and porous ceramics and zeolite added to the coating base component before construction; the porous ceramics and zeolite are added after pretreatment, the pretreatment steps being: washing with clean water, drying, soaking and stirring in deionized water, allowing the deionized water to flow, and soaking in deionized water in a pressurized tank; the pre-prepared coating base component, after being stirred and produced, is stored in a packaging barrel, and is only opened before construction and thoroughly stirred and mixed with the porous ceramics and zeolite, and construction must be completed within 1 hour after mixing; when the coating material is not fully cured after construction, the porous ceramics and zeolite can actively release the adsorbed deionized water to replenish the water absorbed by the concrete in the coating, and the porous ceramics and zeolite are hard materials, and their volume does not change after releasing water, thus avoiding pits on the coating surface to achieve roughening.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating base component is a surface coating for ordinary hydraulic tunnel concrete lining, and its formula by weight is: 40-60 parts film-forming substance, 15-25 parts curing agent, 20-30 parts filler, 1-3 parts additives, and 5-10 parts deionized water.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the film-forming substance is epoxy resin or polyurethane, the curing agent is an amine curing agent, the filler is quartz powder or calcium carbonate, and the additives are dispersant and defoamer, wherein the dispersant is a polycarboxylate and the defoamer is an organosilicon.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the porous ceramic and the zeolite are particulate materials with a diameter between 400 and 600 mesh.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the porous ceramic and the zeolite are powder materials with a particle size of 700-1200 mesh.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the surface coating of ordinary hydraulic tunnel concrete lining is as follows: First, add the film-forming substance to the mixing equipment and stir at a speed of 150-200 r / min for 5-10 min at room temperature. Then, add the additives and deionized water in sequence and continue stirring for 10-15 min until the mixture is uniform. Next, add the filler and adjust the speed to 250-300 r / min and stir for 20-30 min. Finally, add the curing agent and stir at low speed for 5-8 min. After the mixture is uniform, the pre-preparation is completed and sealed for storage.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soaking time in deionized water is 30-90 min, the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min, and the flow rate of deionized water is 0.1-0.3 m / s, to ensure that the internal pores of the porous ceramic and zeolite particles / powder fully absorb water and wash away residual stains.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure of the pressurized tank is 10-18 bar, and the pressurized soaking time is 1-3 hours.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the porous ceramic to the zeolite is 1:1 to 1:2, and the total mass of the two accounts for 8% to 15% of the total mass of the coating material.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the porous ceramic to the zeolite is 2:1-3:1, and the total mass of the two accounts for 12%-20% of the total mass of the coating material.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. This invention significantly improves the surface roughness reduction of concrete lining in hydraulic tunnels by adding pretreated porous ceramics and zeolite, effectively solving the problems of shrinkage and pitting caused by water absorption in the coating, reducing surface roughness, and meeting the needs of tunnel use.

[0017] 2. The addition of porous ceramics and zeolite by this invention not only achieves the purpose of reducing roughness, but also enhances the coating adhesion, water resistance and shrinkage resistance. The preparation and construction process is simple, the raw materials are easy to obtain, it is suitable for large-scale on-site construction, and it has strong practicality. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved objectives and effects of this invention readily understandable, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. The core improvement of this invention lies in adding pre-treated porous ceramic and zeolite particles / powders to the pre-prepared coating base components before construction. Utilizing the water absorption, water release, and hardening properties of these materials, the shrinkage and pitting problems caused by concrete water absorption after coating construction are solved, achieving a roughening effect on the lining surface. The following embodiments are all based on the scope of protection of the claims of this invention, detailing the material formulation, preparation process, pretreatment process, construction method, and performance testing to ensure that those skilled in the art can completely reproduce the technical solution of this invention.

[0019] The coating base component used in this invention, namely the conventional concrete lining surface coating for hydraulic tunnels, has been improved in its formulation and preparation method based on traditional coatings. The purpose is to provide a stable substrate for the subsequent addition of porous ceramics and zeolites, ensuring that the overall performance of the coating meets the standards. The specific formulation range, preparation method, and storage requirements are as follows:

[0020] The coating base components, by weight, are as follows: 40-60 parts film-forming substance, 15-25 parts curing agent, 20-30 parts filler, 1-3 parts additives, and 5-10 parts deionized water. The film-forming substance is epoxy resin, which possesses good water resistance, adhesion, and abrasion resistance, making it suitable for the humid environment of hydraulic tunnels. The curing agent is an amine-based curing agent, specifically diethylenetriamine or polyamide 650, which has good compatibility with epoxy resin, a moderate curing speed, and is suitable for on-site construction. The filler is 100-200 mesh quartz powder, an inert filler that improves the coating's hardness and abrasion resistance. The additives are polycarboxylate dispersants and silicone defoamers. The dispersant improves the dispersion uniformity of the filler and subsequent additives, while the defoamer eliminates air bubbles during preparation and application, preventing surface defects.

[0021] The preparation method of the coating base components is as follows:

[0022] First, add the film-forming substance, i.e., epoxy resin, to the mixing equipment and stir at 150-200 r / min for 5-10 minutes at room temperature to ensure that the film-forming substance is evenly dispersed and free of lumps. Then, add the dispersant, defoamer, and deionized water in sequence, and continue stirring at the same speed for 10-15 minutes to ensure that the additives are completely dissolved and evenly mixed with the film-forming substance without stratification. Next, add the quartz powder filler, adjust the stirring speed to 250-300 r / min, and stir for 20-30 minutes to ensure that the filler is evenly dispersed in the system and avoids agglomeration. Finally, add the curing agent, reduce the speed to 80-100 r / min, and stir at low speed for 5-8 minutes. After mixing evenly, the pre-preparation of the coating base components is complete.

[0023] The pre-prepared coating base components should be placed in a sealed container and stored in a cool, dry place for no more than 72 hours to avoid premature curing, which would affect the subsequent mixing and construction effects with porous ceramics and zeolite. Before use, the components should be stirred evenly to ensure that there are no lumps or stratification.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The base components of the coating are: 50 parts epoxy resin, 40 parts amine curing agent, 30 parts filler, 2 parts additives, and 8 parts deionized water.

[0026] The porous ceramics and zeolites added to the base components of the pre-prepared coating are both in particulate form, as detailed below:

[0027] Porous alumina ceramic particles and natural clinoptilolite particles were selected. The porous alumina ceramic particles have a particle size of 500 mesh and a porosity of 45%, possessing good pore structure and water absorption and release capabilities. As a hard material, its volume does not change after water release. The natural clinoptilolite particles have a particle size of 500 mesh, consistent with the porous ceramic particles, and possess excellent adsorption properties, which can assist the porous ceramic in realizing water absorption and release functions. Both are commercially available conventional products and have not undergone special modification treatment.

[0028] The mass ratio of porous ceramic particles to zeolite particles is 1:1.5, and the total mass of the two accounts for 12% of the total mass of the final coating material. The particles are added after the coating base components are pre-prepared and before construction to ensure that the particles are fully mixed with the coating base components without affecting the coating curing.

[0029] The specific steps for treating porous ceramic particles and zeolite particles are as follows:

[0030] First, mix porous alumina ceramic particles and natural clinoptilolite particles in the above proportion, put them into a clean water tank, add enough clean water to ensure that the liquid level is not less than 5 cm above the surface of the mixed particles, use mechanical stirring at a speed of 120 r / min, and continue stirring and washing for 20 minutes. During this period, stop the machine every 5 minutes to observe and ensure that the dust, impurities and loose debris on the surface of the particles are thoroughly washed away. After washing, use a filter screen to filter out excess clean water.

[0031] Next, spread the filtered mixed granules evenly on a clean mesh tray, with a thickness not exceeding 2cm. Place it in a room temperature, ventilated environment to air dry for 3 hours, turning it over every hour to ensure that there are no visible water droplets on the surface of the granules and that the internal moisture has initially evaporated. This prevents the surface moisture of the granules from affecting the water absorption effect of the internal pores during subsequent soaking, and also prevents the granules from piling up and causing uneven drying.

[0032] Then, the dried mixed granules are placed in a soaking tank, and sufficient deionized water is added to ensure that the liquid level is at least 5 cm above the granule surface. The soaking time is 60 minutes. During the soaking process, mechanical stirring is used at a speed of 150 r / min. Afterward, the circulation pump at the bottom of the soaking tank is turned on to circulate the deionized water at a speed of 0.2 m / s. Stirring and water circulation are carried out simultaneously to ensure that each granule can fully contact the deionized water, allowing the pores inside the porous ceramic granules to fully absorb water and wash away any residual dirt in the pores. The zeolite granules also absorb sufficient deionized water through adsorption. After soaking, the deionized water in the soaking tank is drained, and the mixed granules are retained. The state of the granules is observed to ensure that there are no obvious impurities or dried granules.

[0033] Finally, place the treated mixed particles into a pressure tank, add sufficient deionized water to ensure complete immersion of the particles, close the tank, adjust the tank pressure to 12 bar, and maintain this pressure for pressure soaking for 1.5 hours. During the pressurization process, observe the tank pressure every 30 minutes to ensure pressure stability and avoid pressure fluctuations affecting the water absorption effect of the particles. The purpose of pressure soaking is to fully fill the tiny pores inside the mixed particles with deionized water, especially the deep pores of porous ceramic particles, to ensure that the particles absorb sufficient deionized water, thus preparing for the subsequent water replenishment when the concrete absorbs water after the coating application. After the pressure soaking is completed, slowly release the pressure to normal pressure, and then filter again using a filter screen to remove excess deionized water from the surface, obtaining pretreated porous ceramic particles and zeolite particles for later use.

[0034] When construction is required, the coating material needs to be mixed. Take out the prepared coating base component and stir it at 150 r / min for 5 minutes to ensure that it is uniform and free of lumps. Then, quickly add the pretreated porous ceramic particles and zeolite particles to the coating base component, adjust the stirring speed to 400 r / min, and stir at high speed for 15 minutes. During this period, observe the mixing state every 3 minutes to ensure that the two particles are uniformly dispersed in the coating system without agglomeration or precipitation, and that the particles are tightly bonded to the coating base component. After mixing, the roughness-reducing coating material for the concrete lining surface of the hydraulic tunnel of the present invention is obtained. This material is uniform and viscous, without obvious particle lumps, and can finally be applied using a suitable method.

[0035] The performance of the cured coating was tested, and the performance of the base component of the control group (i.e., the special coating of Example 1) was also tested. The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0036]

[0037] As shown in Table 1, the surface roughness Ra of the coating material in this embodiment is only 2.1 μm, which is much lower than the 6.8 μm of the control group, demonstrating a significant roughness reduction effect. The shrinkage rate is only 0.35%, which is 80.8% lower than the control group. This effectively avoids defects such as shrinkage, pitting, and cracking caused by concrete water absorption. The core reason is that the porous ceramic particles and zeolite particles absorb sufficient deionized water after pretreatment. When the coating is not fully cured and the concrete absorbs moisture from the coating, the two particles actively release water to replenish the coating moisture. As hard particles, their volume does not change after water release, effectively supporting the coating structure and preventing shrinkage pitting. At the same time, the adhesion and water resistance are also improved to a certain extent. This indicates that the granular porous ceramic and zeolite can not only achieve the purpose of roughness reduction but also improve the comprehensive performance of the coating, meeting the usage requirements of concrete lining in hydraulic tunnels. Moreover, the granular materials are evenly dispersed, and surface defects caused by powder agglomeration are not easily generated during construction, making it suitable for large-scale on-site construction.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The base components of the coating are: 50 parts epoxy resin, 50 parts amine curing agent, 40 parts filler, 3 parts additives, and 10 parts deionized water.

[0040] The porous ceramics and zeolites added to the base components of the pre-prepared coating are both in powder form, as detailed below:

[0041] Zirconia porous ceramic powder and synthetic zeolite powder were selected, as detailed below:

[0042] Zirconia porous ceramic powder has a particle size of 800 mesh and a porosity of 55%. It has a large specific surface area, fast water absorption and release speed, and is a hard material. Its volume does not change after water release. Synthetic zeolite powder has a particle size of 800 mesh, which is the same as that of porous ceramic powder. Its adsorption performance is better than that of natural zeolite, which can better assist porous ceramics in realizing water absorption and release functions. Both are commercially available conventional products and have not undergone special modification treatment.

[0043] The mass ratio of porous ceramic powder to synthetic zeolite powder is 2.5:1, and the total mass of the two accounts for 18% of the total mass of the final coating material. The timing of addition is the same as in Example 1, which is after the coating base components are pre-prepared and before construction. When adding, an auxiliary dispersant is required to avoid powder agglomeration.

[0044] The specific steps for treating porous ceramic particles and zeolite powder are as follows:

[0045] First, mix zirconia porous ceramic powder and synthetic zeolite powder in the above proportions, and place them in a clean water tank equipped with a 1000-mesh filter. Add sufficient clean water, ensuring the liquid level is at least 6 cm above the surface of the mixed powder. Use mechanical stirring at a speed of 80 r / min to avoid excessive speed causing powder splashing and agglomeration. Continue stirring and washing for 30 minutes, stopping the machine every 5 minutes to gently stir the powder at the bottom of the tank with a soft brush to ensure that the powder is evenly dispersed in the clean water without obvious agglomeration. This thoroughly removes dust, impurities, and residual impurities from the synthetic zeolite powder. After washing, use vacuum filtration to assist in filtration, slowly removing residual clean water to prevent powder loss with the water flow. After filtration, obtain the pre-washed mixed powder.

[0046] The filtered mixed powder is then spread evenly on a clean tray lined with filter paper, with a thickness not exceeding 1 cm. It is then placed in a room temperature, ventilated environment to air dry for 4 hours. During this time, the powder is gently turned over with a soft brush every 30 minutes to ensure that there are no visible water droplets on the powder surface, that the powder does not clump, and that the internal moisture has fully evaporated. At the same time, the powder is prevented from being blown away by the wind. After drying, a dry and loose mixed powder is obtained.

[0047] The dried mixed powder was then placed in a soaking tank equipped with a stirring device and a circulation system. Sufficient deionized water was added, ensuring the liquid level was at least 8 cm above the powder surface. The soaking time was 90 minutes. During soaking, mechanical stirring was used at a speed of 120 rpm. Simultaneously, the circulation pump at the bottom of the soaking tank was turned on, allowing the deionized water to circulate at a speed of 0.3 m / s. Stirring and water circulation were synchronized to ensure that the mixed powder was evenly dispersed in the deionized water without agglomeration. The pores of the zirconia porous ceramic powder fully absorbed water, and the synthetic zeolite powder absorbed sufficient deionized water through adsorption, while also rinsing away any residual dirt inside the powder. During soaking, a small amount of deionized water was added every 15 minutes to replenish the water lost due to evaporation, ensuring that the liquid level remained above the powder surface to prevent some powder from being exposed to air and unable to fully absorb water. After soaking, the mixture was filtered through a 1000-mesh filter and vacuum filtered to remove excess deionized water. The pre-treated mixed powder was retained, and its state was observed to ensure that there were no obvious impurities or lumps.

[0048] Finally, the treated mixed powder is placed in a pressurized tank, and sufficient deionized water is added to ensure complete immersion of the powder. The tank is then closed, and the pressure is adjusted to 18 bar. This pressure is maintained for pressurized soaking for 2.5 hours. During pressurization, the tank pressure is monitored in real time to ensure stability and prevent excessive pressure from causing powder compaction and agglomeration, or excessive pressure from affecting water absorption. Simultaneously, a low-speed stirring device inside the tank is activated, with the speed controlled at 50 r / min, to ensure that the mixed powder is evenly dispersed in the deionized water. This ensures that each powder sample fully absorbs the deionized water, especially the synthetic zeolite powder, which has a strong adsorption capacity. Pressurized soaking ensures that it absorbs sufficient deionized water, providing a guarantee for moisture replenishment after subsequent coating application. After pressurized soaking, the pressure is slowly released to atmospheric pressure, and the mixture is filtered through a 1000-mesh filter using vacuum filtration to remove excess deionized water from the surface, yielding pretreated porous ceramic powder and zeolite powder for later use.

[0049] When construction is required, the coating materials need to be mixed. Take out the prepared coating base components and stir at 180 r / min for 6 minutes to ensure uniformity and no lumps. Then, quickly add the pretreated porous ceramic powder and zeolite powder to the coating base components, and add 0.3 parts of polycarboxylate dispersant. Adjust the stirring speed to 500 r / min and stir at high speed for 20 minutes. During this period, observe the mixing state every 2 minutes. Use a scraper to pick up the coating material and observe the powder dispersion to ensure that the two powders are uniformly dispersed in the coating system without agglomeration or precipitation. The powder should be tightly bonded to the coating base components without obvious powder lumps. After mixing, the surface roughening coating material for hydraulic tunnel concrete lining of the present invention is obtained. The material is uniform and fine with no obvious particle feel. Finally, the coating material can be applied using a suitable method.

[0050] The performance of the cured coating was tested, and the performance of the base component of the control group, i.e., the special coating of Example 2, was also tested. The test results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0051]

[0052] As shown in Table 2, the surface roughness Ra of the coating material in this embodiment is only 1.8 μm, which is lower than that of Example 1 and the control group, and the roughness reduction effect is better. The core reason is that the powdered material has a finer particle size and is more uniformly dispersed in the coating, which can effectively fill the tiny gaps inside the coating. At the same time, the water release is uniform, avoiding shrinkage pits caused by insufficient local moisture. The shrinkage rate is only 0.28%, which is 84.4% lower than that of the control group. The moisture replenishment effect is more significant because the powdered material has a large specific surface area and absorbs and releases water faster, which can replenish the coating moisture absorbed by the concrete more timely. The adhesion and water resistance are also improved more than those in Example 1, indicating that the powdered porous ceramics and zeolite are more tightly bonded to the coating base components, which can further improve the overall performance of the coating. This invention effectively solves the shrinkage and pitting problems caused by concrete water absorption after construction of existing hydraulic tunnel concrete lining coatings by adding pre-treated porous ceramics and zeolite to the pre-prepared coating base components before construction. It utilizes the water absorption, water release and hardening properties of the two materials. This significantly improves the surface roughness of the lining, while also enhancing the coating's adhesion, water resistance and shrinkage resistance. The structure is simple, the preparation is easy and the construction is convenient, making it suitable for the actual application needs of hydraulic tunnel concrete lining.

[0053] It should be noted that although powdered materials have better roughness reduction and overall performance, the pretreatment and mixing process requires strict control of stirring speed and filtration method to avoid agglomeration and loss; granular materials are easier to pretreat and construct, and are suitable for large-scale on-site construction. Both can achieve the core purpose of this invention, and the appropriate material form can be selected according to the actual construction needs.

[0054] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or basic characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0055] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels, characterized in that: It includes a pre-prepared coating base component, and porous ceramics and zeolite added to the coating base component before construction; the porous ceramics and zeolite are added after pretreatment, and the pretreatment steps are as follows: washing with clean water, drying, soaking and stirring in deionized water, making the deionized water flow, and soaking in deionized water in a pressurized tank. The pre-prepared coating base components are produced by stirring and then stored in a packaging barrel. They are only opened before construction and thoroughly mixed with porous ceramics and zeolite. Construction must be completed within 1 hour after mixing. When the coating material is not fully cured after application, the porous ceramics and zeolite can actively release the adsorbed deionized water to replenish the water absorbed by the concrete in the coating. Moreover, since the porous ceramics and zeolite are hard materials, their volume does not change after releasing water, thus avoiding pits on the coating surface and achieving roughness reduction.

2. The surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating base components are ordinary hydraulic tunnel concrete lining surface coatings, and their formula by weight is: 40-60 parts film-forming substance, 15-25 parts curing agent, 20-30 parts filler, 1-3 parts additives, and 5-10 parts deionized water.

3. The surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The film-forming substance is epoxy resin or polyurethane, the curing agent is an amine curing agent, the filler is quartz powder or calcium carbonate, and the additives are dispersants and defoamers. The dispersant is a polycarboxylate and the defoamer is an organosilicon.

4. The surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the porous ceramics and zeolites are particulate materials with a diameter of 400-600 mesh.

5. The surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the porous ceramics and zeolites are powder materials with a particle size of 700-1200 mesh.

6. The surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for preparing the surface coating of ordinary hydraulic tunnel concrete lining is as follows: First, add the film-forming material to the mixing equipment and stir at a speed of 150-200 r / min for 5-10 min at room temperature. Then, add the additives and deionized water in sequence and continue stirring for 10-15 min until the mixture is uniform. Next, add the filler and adjust the speed to 250-300 r / min and stir for 20-30 min. Finally, add the curing agent and stir at low speed for 5-8 min. After the mixture is uniform, the pre-preparation is completed and stored in a sealed container for later use.

7. The surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking time in deionized water is 30-90 minutes, the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min, and the flow rate of deionized water is 0.1-0.3 m / s, to ensure that the internal pores of the porous ceramic and zeolite particles / powder fully absorb water and wash away residual stains.

8. The surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure in the pressurized tank is 10-18 bar, and the pressurized soaking time is 1-3 hours.

9. A surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the porous ceramic to the zeolite is 1:1 to 1:2, and the total mass of the two accounts for 8% to 15% of the total mass of the coating material.

10. A surface roughening coating material for concrete lining of hydraulic tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the porous ceramic to the zeolite is 2:1-3:1, and the total mass of the two accounts for 12%-20% of the total mass of the coating material.

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