A green compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and controlling citrus red mite and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites, comprising principal, assistant, adjuvant, and guiding herbs: the principal herbs include: 15-20 parts of Veratrum nigrum and 15-20 parts of Stemona japonica; the assistant herbs include: 10-15 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10-15 parts of Melia toosendan, and 10-15 parts of Zingiber officinale; the adjuvant herbs include: 8-12 parts of Cnidium monnieri, 8-12 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and 8-12 parts of Ginkgo biloba; the guiding herbs include: 5-10 parts of Gleditsia sinensis, 5-8 parts of Mentha haplocalyx, and 5-8 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. In the field of biological control of agricultural pests, the raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine are locally grown medicinal herbs with no chemically synthesized pesticide residues. They have low toxicity to mammals, birds, bees, and the main natural enemies of citrus (adult predatory mites), and meet the standards of organic agriculture and green food production. The compound preparations are formulated according to the "principal, assistant, adjuvant and guide" principle to exert a synergistic effect, and have comprehensive effects of contact killing, stomach poisoning, repellency, and inhibition of egg laying and hatching. The field control efficacy can reach more than 89%, and the rapid effect and the duration of effect (10-15 days) are balanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biological control technology for agricultural pests, specifically to a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation and its preparation method for green control of citrus red spider mites. Background Technology

[0004] Current citrus red spider mite control techniques and their drawbacks: Currently, existing technologies mainly rely on chemical pesticides for control. Commonly used chemical agents include spirodiclofen, etoxazole, bifenazate, abamectin, and their compound formulations. However, due to long-term use of chemical pesticides, citrus red spider mites have developed strong resistance, making them difficult to control and eradicate completely. Furthermore, the cost of chemical pesticide control is increasing year by year, making it unacceptable for citrus growers. Pesticide residues also endanger food safety and the ecological environment; they kill natural enemies (such as predatory mites), disrupting the ecological balance.

[0005] Biological control: Releasing predatory mites (such as Amblyseius cucumeris) is effective, but it is greatly affected by climate, field environment and previous use of chemical pesticides, and is costly and relatively slow to take effect.

[0006] Plant-derived pesticides: While existing single plant extracts (such as azadirachtin and matrine) have certain effects, they suffer from problems such as insufficient rapid action, short duration of effect, high cost, or limited resources. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation and preparation method for green control of citrus red spider mites. This solves the problem that citrus red spider mites have developed resistance due to long-term use of chemical pesticides, making it difficult to eradicate them and causing pesticide residues in citrus fruits, which poses a safety hazard to the fruit.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites, comprising principal, assistant, adjuvant, and guiding herbs: The principal herbs include: 15-20 parts of Veratrum nigrum and 15-20 parts of Stemona japonica; The accompanying herbs include: 10-15 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10-15 parts of Melia toosendan, and 10-15 parts of fresh ginger; The adjuvant herbs include: 8-12 parts of Cnidium monnieri, 8-12 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and 8-12 parts of Ginkgo biloba; The medicinal ingredients include: 5-10 parts of soapberry, 5-8 parts of peppermint, and 5-8 parts of licorice.

[0009] Preferably, the preferred proportions of the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation are: 15 parts of Veratrum nigrum, 15 parts of Stemona japonica, 10 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10 parts of Melia toosendan, 10 parts of Zingiber officinale, 10 parts of Cnidium monnieri, 8 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 7 parts of Ginkgo biloba, 5 parts of Gleditsia sinensis, 5 parts of Mentha haplocalyx, and 5 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

[0010] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation is in the following form: the composition can be prepared into a soluble concentrate (SL), an emulsion (EW), a microemulsion (ME), and a green and environmentally friendly bio-fertilizer formulation.

[0011] A method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine compound for the green control of citrus red spider mites, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment. The above 11 Chinese medicinal materials are weighed and combined, dried, and pulverized to pass through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain mixed medicinal powder. Step 2: Compound extraction. Place 100kg of mixed medicinal powder in a fermentation tank, add 1000kg of water, 1kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 10kg of brown sugar for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 25-30℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days. Filter the fermentation liquid for later use. Step 3: Add 200-300L of 60-75% ethanol aqueous solution to the fermented and filtered residue, heat to 60-80℃ and reflux for extraction 3-5 times, 1-2 hours each time, and combine all extracts; Step 4: Concentrate the ethanol extract. Concentrate the combined extracts under reduced pressure to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.10-1.20 (measured at 60℃), and prepare it according to the required dosage form. Step 5: Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations; Step Six: Filtration and Filling. Filter the prepared solution and fill it into individual containers to obtain the final traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites. Step 7: Add 1-3 kg of Bacillus subtilis and 2-3 kg of Trichoderma to 100 kg of fermented and filtered medicinal residue. Mix thoroughly and ferment for 15-20 days at a temperature of 25-35℃ to obtain bio-fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation is formulated as follows: Solution (SL): The fermentation broth, ethanol extract, water, and safe co-solvent (such as the plant-derived emulsifier Tween-80) are mixed evenly to prepare a mother liquor containing 0.5-1.0 g / mL of crude drug. Emulsion (EW): Prepared by high-speed shearing emulsification of fermentation broth, ethanol extract, emulsifier, stabilizer, antifreeze (such as propylene glycol), and water.

[0013] This invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites and its preparation method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Green and safe: All Chinese medicinal materials are locally grown medicinal herbs with no chemically synthesized pesticide residues. They have low toxicity to mammals, birds, bees, and the main natural enemies of citrus (adult predatory mites), and meet the standards of organic agriculture and green food production.

[0014] 2. High efficiency and multiple targets: The compound preparation plays a synergistic role by combining the principles of "principal, assistant, adjuvant and guide". It has comprehensive effects of contact killing, stomach poisoning, repellency, and inhibition of oviposition and hatching. The field efficacy can reach more than 89%, and the rapid effect and the duration of effect (10-15 days) are balanced.

[0015] 3. Less likely to induce resistance: The combined action of multiple active ingredients, including flavonoids and alkaloids, with diversified mechanisms of action, can significantly delay the development of drug resistance in spider mites.

[0016] 4. Low cost and abundant resources: The Chinese medicinal materials used are all common varieties that are widely cultivated, and the raw material cost is significantly lower than that of single high-purity plant extracts.

[0017] 5. Promote ecological balance: The formulation is safe for predatory mites and other natural enemies, creating conditions for their population recovery. It can be organically combined with biological control to achieve sustainable management by "controlling insects with pesticides and treating mites with mites". Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a bar chart comparing the field control efficacy of the formulation of this invention and control agents (chemical pesticides, release mites, and matrine alone) against citrus red spider mites. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites, comprising principal, assistant, adjuvant, and guiding herbs: The principal herbs include: 15-20 parts of Veratrum nigrum and 15-20 parts of Stemona japonica; The accompanying herbs include: 10-15 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10-15 parts of Melia toosendan, and 10-15 parts of fresh ginger; The adjuvant herbs include: 8-12 parts of Cnidium monnieri, 8-12 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and 8-12 parts of Ginkgo biloba; The medicinal ingredients include: 5-10 parts of soapberry, 5-8 parts of peppermint, and 5-8 parts of licorice.

[0021] Furthermore, the preferred proportions of the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation are as follows: 15 parts of Veratrum nigrum, 15 parts of Stemona japonica, 10 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10 parts of Melia toosendan, 10 parts of fresh ginger, 10 parts of Cnidium monnieri, 8 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 7 parts of Ginkgo biloba, 5 parts of Gleditsia sinensis, 5 parts of Mentha haplocalyx, and 5 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. By utilizing the effective components of various traditional Chinese medicines, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, we prepared compound traditional Chinese medicine preparations and bio-fertilizers to target different mechanisms of action and efficacy against citrus red spider mites. These preparations were divided into four groups, each representing a specific ingredient, and scientifically formulated. Through unique extraction and processing techniques, we developed compound traditional Chinese medicine preparations and bio-fertilizers for the green control of citrus red spider mites. These preparations were then used for the green control of citrus red spider mites in rice and for soil remediation and improvement in citrus orchards.

[0022] The principal ingredients are Veratrum nigrum and Stemona japonica, containing veratrine, various alkaloids, flavonoids, plant ecdysone analogs, and Stemona japonica alkaloid. These ingredients possess strong contact and stomach poison effects and are the main active components. They form a multi-target control system, simultaneously interfering with the nervous system of the citrus red spider mite, disrupting chitin formation, and inhibiting egg hatching.

[0023] Assistant herbs: Trichosanthes kirilowii, Melia toosendan, and ginger, containing quercetin, azadirachtin, ethyl cinnamate, p-methoxyethyl cinnamate, 1,8-cineole, etc. Through multi-target synergistic effects, they inhibit the nervous system and respiratory system of citrus red spider mites, and have the effects of annoying, repelling and inhibiting growth and development, assisting the principal herbs to enhance the acaricidal effect.

[0024] Adjuvant ingredients: Cnidium monnieri, Sichuan pepper, and Ginkgo biloba. Cnidium monnieri contains osthol, which has contact toxicity and inhibits egg hatching; Sichuan pepper volatile oil has strong repellent and paralyzing effects; Ginkgo biloba contains flavonoids, ginkgolic acid, and ginkgolides, which are toxic to citrus red spider mites. The three ingredients work synergistically to broaden the spectrum of action and enhance rapid efficacy.

[0025] The main ingredients are: Gleditsia sinensis, peppermint, and licorice. Gleditsia sinensis contains saponins, acting as a "super adjuvant" that enhances the insecticidal effects of the principal and assistant herbs (such as Veratrum nigrum, Stemona japonica, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Melia toosendan, and ginger) against citrus red spider mites through multiple mechanisms: it has strong penetrating and repellent effects. Peppermint contains menthol and menthone, has a strong odor, good repellent effect, and can enhance penetration. Licorice harmonizes the various herbs, acting as a surfactant and synergist, improving the adhesion and stability of the pesticide solution.

[0026] Furthermore, the form of the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation: the composition can be prepared into soluble concentrate (SL), emulsion (EW), microemulsion (ME), and green and environmentally friendly bio-fertilizer formulations.

[0027] A method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine compound for the green control of citrus red spider mites, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment. The above 11 Chinese medicinal materials are weighed and combined, dried, and pulverized to pass through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain mixed medicinal powder. Step 2: Compound extraction. Place 100kg of mixed medicinal powder in a fermentation tank, add 1000kg of water, 1kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 10kg of brown sugar for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 25-30℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days. Filter the fermentation liquid for later use. Step 3: Add 200-300L of 60-75% ethanol aqueous solution to the fermented and filtered residue, heat to 60-80℃ and reflux for extraction 3-5 times, 1-2 hours each time, and combine all extracts; Step 4: Concentrate the ethanol extract. Concentrate the combined extracts under reduced pressure to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.10-1.20 (measured at 60℃), and prepare it according to the required dosage form. Step 5: Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations; Step Six: Filtration and Filling. Filter the prepared solution and fill it into individual containers to obtain the final traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites. Step 7: Add 1-3 kg of Bacillus subtilis and 2-3 kg of Trichoderma to 100 kg of fermented and filtered medicinal residue. Mix thoroughly and ferment for 15-20 days at a temperature of 25-35℃ to obtain bio-fertilizer.

[0028] Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation is formulated as follows: Solution (SL): The fermentation broth, ethanol extract, water, and safe co-solvent (such as the plant-derived emulsifier Tween-80) are mixed evenly to prepare a mother liquor containing 0.5-1.0 g / mL of crude drug. Emulsion (EW): Prepared by high-speed shearing emulsification of fermentation broth, ethanol extract, emulsifier, stabilizer, antifreeze (such as propylene glycol), and water.

[0029] How to use: Concentration for use: Dilute the above-mentioned compound Chinese medicine preparation with water 150-300 times and spray it evenly on the leaves.

[0030] Control period: Preventive or targeted pesticide application should be carried out during the key periods of March-May (from spring shoot emergence to flowering period) and October-November (from autumn shoot emergence to early fruit ripening period) when the citrus red spider mite occurs at the initial stage (when there are 1-2 mites per leaf on average).

[0031] Application method: Use motorized or drone sprayers to spray, focusing on the underside of leaves, tender shoots and fruit surface, until the leaves are lightly covered with water droplets.

[0032] Application frequency: Apply pesticide once every 7-10 days, depending on the spider mite population density, for 3-6 consecutive applications.

[0033] Synergistic Strategy: This method can be used in conjunction with predatory mite release techniques such as *Amblyseius cucumeris*. First, use this traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation to rapidly reduce the spider mite population; then, release predatory mites 10-15 days later to establish long-term ecological control.

[0034] Those skilled in the art can connect the components in this case sequentially. The specific connection and operation sequence should refer to the working principle described below. The detailed connection methods are well-known technologies in the field. The working principle and process are mainly described below.

[0035] Example 1: Preparation of a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites Weigh out 15kg of Veratrum nigrum, 15kg of Stemona japonica, 10kg of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10kg of Melia toosendan, 10kg of Zingiber officinale, 10kg of Cnidium monnieri, 8kg of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 7kg of Ginkgo biloba, 5kg of Gleditsia sinensis, 5kg of Mentha haplocalyx, and 5kg of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. After thorough mixing and drying, pulverize the mixture to pass through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain a mixed medicinal powder.

[0036] Fermentation and compound extraction: Place 100 kg of mixed medicinal powder in a fermenter, add 1000 kg of water, 1 kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 10 kg of brown sugar for fermentation. Fermentation temperature: 30℃, fermentation time: 10 days. Filter the fermentation liquid for later use.

[0037] Ethanol extraction: Add 250L of 60-75% ethanol aqueous solution to the fermented and filtered residue, heat to 78℃ and reflux for extraction 3 times, 1.5 hours each time. Combine all extracts.

[0038] Concentrated Extract: The combined extracts are concentrated under reduced pressure to a relative density of 1.10-1.20 (measured at 60℃). Prepare according to the desired dosage form. Preparation of compound traditional Chinese medicine preparations: Solution (SL): The fermentation broth, ethanol extract, water, and safe co-solvent (such as plant-derived emulsifier Tween-80) are mixed evenly to prepare a mother liquor containing 0.5-1.0 g / mL of crude drug.

[0039] Emulsion (EW): Prepared by high-speed shearing emulsification of fermentation broth, ethanol extract, emulsifier, stabilizer, antifreeze (such as propylene glycol), and water.

[0040] Filtration and filling: The prepared medicine solution is filtered and packaged to obtain the final traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites.

[0041] Example 2: Field efficacy trial Citrus orchard (variety: Ehime 38).

[0042] Experimental design: (1) 150-fold dilution of the formulation of the present invention; (2) 300-fold dilution of the formulation of the present invention; (3) 2000-fold dilution of biphenylhydrazine (chemical control); (4) 300-fold dilution of 0.5% matrine aqueous solution (plant-derived control); (5) blank control of water. Each treatment was replicated in 3 replicates and arranged in a randomized block design.

[0043] Before applying the pesticide, the initial population of citrus red spider mites was investigated. After applying the pesticide, the number of live citrus red spider mites was investigated at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, and the population reduction rate and corrected control efficacy were calculated.

[0044] Results: Seven days after application, the corrected efficacy of the 150-fold and 300-fold dilutions of the formulation of this invention were 89.15% and 86.26%, respectively, significantly higher than that of matrine (49.3%), but not significantly different from that of bifenazate (67.12%). Fourteen days after application, the efficacy of the formulation of this invention remained above 85%, exhibiting better persistence than bifenazate.

[0045] Example 3: Safety and Co-operation Test In orchards where *Amblyseius cucumeris* had been released, a 300-fold dilution of the formulation of this invention was sprayed. On the 3rd day after application, the corrected mortality rate of the predatory mites from the formulation was <13%, significantly lower than that of the chemically treated group (>90%). On the 7th day, the predatory mites were released, and the population successfully established and effectively controlled the remaining spider mites.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method of preparation, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method of preparation, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method of preparation, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0047] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for green control of citrus red spider mites, comprising principal, assistant, adjuvant, and guiding herbs, characterized in that: The principal herbs include: 15-20 parts of Veratrum nigrum and 15-20 parts of Stemona japonica; The accompanying herbs include: 10-15 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10-15 parts of Melia toosendan, and 10-15 parts of fresh ginger; The adjuvant herbs include: 8-12 parts of Cnidium monnieri, 8-12 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and 8-12 parts of Ginkgo biloba; The medicinal ingredients include: 5-10 parts of soapberry, 5-8 parts of peppermint, and 5-8 parts of licorice.

2. The traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for green control of citrus red spider mites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preferred proportions of the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation are as follows: 15 parts of Veratrum nigrum, 15 parts of Stemona japonica, 10 parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10 parts of Melia toosendan, 10 parts of Zingiber officinale, 10 parts of Cnidium monnieri, 8 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 7 parts of Ginkgo biloba, 5 parts of Gleditsia sinensis, 5 parts of Mentha haplocalyx, and 5 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

3. The traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for green control of citrus red spider mites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation can be prepared into soluble concentrates (SL), emulsions (EW), microemulsions (ME), and environmentally friendly bio-fertilizer formulations.

4. A method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Raw material pretreatment. The above 11 Chinese medicinal materials are weighed and combined, dried, and pulverized to pass through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain mixed medicinal powder. Step 2: Compound extraction. Place 100kg of mixed medicinal powder in a fermentation tank, add 1000kg of water, 1kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 10kg of brown sugar for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 25-30℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days. Filter the fermentation liquid for later use. Step 3: Add 200-300L of 60-75% ethanol aqueous solution to the fermented and filtered residue, heat to 60-80℃ and reflux for extraction 3-5 times, 1-2 hours each time, and combine all extracts; Step 4: Concentrate the ethanol extract. Concentrate the combined extracts under reduced pressure to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.10-1.20 (measured at 60℃), and prepare it according to the required dosage form. Step 5: Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations; Step Six: Filtration and Filling. Filter the prepared solution and fill it into individual containers to obtain the final traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for the green control of citrus red spider mites. Step 7: Add 1-3 kg of Bacillus subtilis and 2-3 kg of Trichoderma to 100 kg of fermented and filtered medicinal residue. Mix thoroughly and ferment for 15-20 days at a temperature of 25-35℃ to obtain bio-fertilizer.

5. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for green control of citrus red spider mites according to claim 4, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation is formulated as follows: Solution (SL): The fermentation broth, ethanol extract, water, and safe co-solvent (such as the plant-derived emulsifier Tween-80) are mixed evenly to prepare a mother liquor containing 0.5-1.0 g / mL of crude drug. Emulsion (EW): Prepared by high-speed shearing emulsification of fermentation broth, ethanol extract, emulsifier, stabilizer, antifreeze (such as propylene glycol), and water.

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