A single-piece welding tool for a V-type air-cooled diesel engine machining rack and a process thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of assisted welding, and discloses a welding fixture for a single frame piece of a V-type air-cooled diesel engine and its process. The fixture includes a base and a controller. The base has a horizontal support surface for supporting the single frame piece, and a positioning block that engages with the inclined surface of the single frame piece is provided on the horizontal support surface. An adjustment mechanism is provided on the horizontal support surface for adjusting its posture. The adjustment mechanism includes: a clamping assembly, disposed on the horizontal support surface, for clamping and fixing the single frame piece; a lifting assembly that allows the horizontal support surface to rise relative to the upper surface of the base and to deflect along the horizontal support surface; and a driving assembly that drives the horizontal support surface to deflect during welding, thereby changing its posture. This invention achieves posture adjustment of the single frame piece during the welding process through the adjustment mechanism, thereby fully exposing the welding interface, improving welding quality, and allowing for staged cleaning of welding slag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of auxiliary welding, specifically to a single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine and its process. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing process of a V-type air-cooled diesel engine, the engine frame, as a basic structural component constituting the V-shaped engine body, requires multiple parallel heat sinks welded to its outer inclined surface to meet the engine's cooling requirements. The engine frame typically has an inclined surface structure corresponding to the V-shape angle, with the heat sinks arranged longitudinally along this inclined surface. Welding requires continuous welds, good root fusion, and a smooth surface to ensure both heat dissipation efficiency and structural strength.

[0003] Currently, most commonly used frame-mount welding fixtures employ a fixed structure. After the frame piece is fixed in a predetermined posture using positioning blocks and clamping components, welding is performed sequentially along the length of the heat sink using a welding torch. This type of fixed fixture presents the following problems in practical applications: Firstly, because the heat sink is arranged longitudinally along the slope and is quite long, the welding area near the bottom is blocked by the upper heat sink and the tooling itself, making the welding torch difficult to reach. Operators often need to use non-ideal postures such as overhead welding or side welding, which not only makes the operation difficult and inefficient, but also makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of the weld formation, and welding defects such as incomplete fusion, porosity, and undercut are prone to occur.

[0004] Secondly, in order to complete the welding of the bottom area, it is sometimes necessary to release the workpiece midway, manually flip it and re-clamp it in position. This not only increases the auxiliary time, but also introduces secondary positioning errors, affecting the V-angle accuracy of the single-piece mating surface of the left and right frames and the final assembly consistency of the machine body.

[0005] Furthermore, weld slag and spatter generated during heat sink welding need to be cleaned after welding to prevent them from affecting the fusion of subsequent welds or reducing the ventilation performance between heat sinks. Current processes typically involve manual slag removal after all welds are completed. However, by this time, the slag has completely cooled and hardened, adhering firmly to the weld surface. Cleaning is laborious and easily scratches the weld surface. Incomplete cleaning can also leave residue at the weld root, affecting the heat transfer efficiency between the heat sink and the individual frame fins. If a method of welding and slag removal is adopted simultaneously, welding operations must be frequently interrupted, which also lengthens the processing cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine and its process, thereby solving at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine includes a base and a controller. The base has a horizontal support surface for supporting the single-piece frame. A positioning block that engages with the inclined surface of the single-piece frame is provided on the horizontal support surface. An adjustment mechanism is also provided on the horizontal support surface to adjust its orientation. The adjustment mechanism includes: The clamping assembly, set on the horizontal support surface, is used to clamp and fix the frame piece; The lifting assembly is used to enable the horizontal support surface to rise relative to the upper surface of the base and to deflect along the horizontal support surface; A drive assembly is used to drive the horizontal support surface to deflect during the welding process, thereby changing the orientation of the horizontal support surface.

[0008] Furthermore, the lifting component includes: a sliding seat, a limiting groove corresponding to the horizontal support surface is provided on the base, the sliding seat is slidably installed in the limiting groove, the sliding seat is movably connected to the horizontal support surface, so that the horizontal support surface can rise relative to the upper surface of the base, and can deflect along the horizontal support surface.

[0009] Furthermore, the lifting assembly also includes: a hydraulic lifting cylinder; The bottom of the hydraulic lifting cylinder is fixedly mounted on the sliding seat. The telescopic end of the hydraulic lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hinge seat. The hinge seat is rotatably connected to the center of the U-shaped support frame through a damping hinge shaft. The top of the U-shaped support frame is fixedly set on the lower surface of the horizontal support surface, and two symmetrical auxiliary parts are set on both sides of the hinge seat. The corresponding sides of the two auxiliary parts are set with concave structures and are adapted to the sides of the U-shaped support frame. The drive component acts on the two auxiliary parts to realize the deflection of the U-shaped support frame and the horizontal support surface.

[0010] Furthermore, the driving components include: A horizontal reciprocating drive component is fixed on the base, and its drive end is connected to one of the auxiliary components to push the two auxiliary components to move synchronously, so as to drive the U-shaped support frame to deflect around the damping hinge axis. A follower vertical plate is fixedly connected to the auxiliary component. The follower vertical plate extends upward and passes through a clearance elongated hole opened on the horizontal support surface. The clearance elongated hole is a through groove. The top of the follow-up vertical plate is fixed with a mounting base located above the horizontal support surface, and the mounting base is equipped with a slag removal component; While the drive component drives the horizontal support surface to deflect, the follower plate drives the slag removal component to move synchronously along the avoidance long hole, and removes slag from the welds of different welding stages of the frame piece in the outgoing and returning strokes respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the slag removal component includes: Multiple sets of slag scrapers are arranged in pairs, and the shape of the slag scrapers is adapted to the welding angle between the frame unit and the heat sink. Multiple sets of slag scrapers are connected together on a connecting bracket, and the connecting bracket has a protrusion at at least one end; The mounting base is provided with a guide groove, which is parallel to the outer side of the single-piece welded heat sink of the frame, and the protrusion is slidably disposed in the guide groove. It also includes a track guide plate fixed to one side of the clearance hole. The upper edge of the track guide plate is wavy, and the bottom of the protrusion is provided with a roller that always abuts against the upper edge of the track guide plate. When the follower plate moves the mounting base horizontally, the protrusion, under the action of the wavy upper edge of the track guide plate, drives the connecting bracket and multiple sets of slag scrapers to reciprocate up and down, scraping slag from the weld.

[0012] Furthermore, the tail end of the slag scraper is fixedly mounted on the blade holder, which is configured as a T-shaped structure. The T-shaped end of the blade holder is slidably mounted in a groove on the connecting bracket, and a pre-tensioning spring is provided between the bottom wall of the groove and the T-shaped end of the blade holder.

[0013] Furthermore, a waist-shaped connector is fixed on the drive end of the horizontal reciprocating drive component, and a sliding shaft is fixed on the side of the auxiliary component near the waist-shaped connector. The sliding shaft is slidably and limitedly installed in the waist-shaped groove on the waist-shaped connector.

[0014] Furthermore, the deflection angle of the horizontal support surface ranges from 15 degrees to 45 degrees.

[0015] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes: a clamping member and a clamping member. There are two clamping members, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the horizontal support surface. The two clamping members are connected to the horizontal support surface through a lead screw drive pair to synchronously achieve the action of approaching for clamping or moving away from the horizontal support surface. The lead screw drive pair is located on the upper surface of the horizontal support surface. The lead screw drive pair is connected to the drive motor through a gear set. One gear of the gear set is connected to the drive motor, and the other gear is fixedly sleeved on the lead screw. The two gears mesh for transmission. Multiple clamping components are provided. The clamping components are connected to the truss through automatic telescopic rods. The two ends of the truss are respectively fixed at the ends of two hydraulic telescopic cylinders. The cylinder bodies of the two hydraulic telescopic rod cylinders are fixed on both sides of the horizontal support surface. The displacement path of the clamping components is set perpendicular to the inclined surface of the positioning block.

[0016] A single-piece welding process for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine frame includes the following steps: S1. Fix the frame piece to the horizontal support surface of the tooling with the outer side of the heat sink to be welded facing upwards, and raise it to the welding height. S2. With the horizontal support surface in a horizontal position, fully weld the upper half of the weld seams of all heat sinks. S3. Drive the horizontal support surface to deflect from a horizontal posture to an inclined posture. During the deflection stroke, simultaneously drive the slag removal component to move along the weld direction to perform the first slag scraping on the upper half of the welded seam. S4. With the horizontal support surface in a deflected position, fully weld the lower half of the weld seam of all heat sinks. S5. Drive the horizontal support surface to reset from the tilted position to the horizontal position. During the reset stroke, drive the slag removal component to move in the opposite direction along the weld seam to perform a second slag scraping on the lower half of the newly welded seam. Lower the horizontal support surface back to its original position, release the workpiece, and complete the welding.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention rationally divides the welding of heat sink into two stages: the upper half of horizontal posture welding and the lower half of deflection posture welding. The slag removal action is naturally embedded in the back-and-forth stroke of posture switching: the deflection stroke removes the slag that has solidified to a semi-solid state in the upper half of the weld. At this time, the slag has not been completely hardened and the upper half of the weld has sufficient strength. The slag removal is easy to peel off and does not damage the weld. The reset stroke removes the newly welded slag in the lower half of the weld in time, reducing the probability of the slag sticking firmly after cooling. Through the alternating process rhythm of welding, deflection and cleaning, the timing of slag removal is precisely matched with the welding progress, avoiding the dead corners, adhesion and weld scratches that exist in traditional concentrated slag removal after welding as much as possible, and ensuring the surface smoothness and forming quality of the weld. (2) The present invention deflects the bottom area of ​​the heat sink, which was originally in the blind corner, to the easy-to-weld position, resulting in a better welding field of view, a more stable welding posture, and a more uniform weld formation. The workpiece only needs to be clamped once in the whole process. The weld scanning and slag removal are completed simultaneously by using the deflection stroke, eliminating the need for a separate slag removal process or manual workpiece flipping, which can shorten the auxiliary time. At the same time, the clamping eliminates the cumulative error caused by multiple positioning. The accuracy of the single-piece mating surface of the left and right frames is guaranteed by the tooling in one go, improving the processing efficiency and the consistency of the V-shaped frame finished product. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the lifting component; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slag removal component. Figure 4 for Figure 3 A structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the groove, the preload spring, and the tool holder.

[0020] Figure Descriptions: 1. Base; 2. Horizontal Support Surface; 3. Positioning Block; 4. Adjustment Mechanism; 41. Clamping Assembly; 411. Clamping Component; 412. Anchoring Component; 413. Screw Drive Pair; 414. Gear Set; 415. Drive Motor; 416. Automatic Telescopic Rod; 418. Truss; 419. Hydraulic Telescopic Cylinder; 42. Lifting Assembly; 421. Sliding Seat; 422. Limiting Groove; 423. Hydraulic Lifting Cylinder; 424. Hinge Seat; 425. Damping Hinge Shaft ; 426, U-shaped support frame; 427, auxiliary parts; 43, drive assembly; 431, horizontal reciprocating drive component; 432, follow-up vertical plate; 433, clearance elongated hole; 434, mounting base; 44, slag removal assembly; 441, slag scraper; 442, connecting bracket; 443, protrusion; 444, guide groove; 445, trajectory guide plate; 446, roller; 447, cutter holder; 448, groove; 449, preload spring; 5, waist-shaped connector; 6, sliding shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-2 As shown, this invention relates to a single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine, comprising a base 1 and a controller. The base 1 has a horizontal support surface 2 for supporting the single-piece frame. A positioning block 3, which engages with the inclined surface of the single-piece frame, is provided on the horizontal support surface 2. An adjustment mechanism 4 is also provided on the horizontal support surface 2 to adjust its orientation. The adjustment mechanism 4 includes: The clamping assembly 41 is disposed on the horizontal support surface 2 and is used to clamp and fix the frame piece. The lifting component 42 is used to enable the horizontal support surface 2 to rise relative to the upper surface of the base 1 and to deflect along the horizontal support surface 2. The drive assembly 43 is used to drive the horizontal support surface 2 to deflect during the welding process, so as to change the orientation of the horizontal support surface 2.

[0023] The lifting assembly 42 includes a sliding seat 421. A limiting groove 422 corresponding to the horizontal support surface 2 is provided on the base 1. The sliding seat 421 is slidably installed in the limiting groove 422. The sliding seat 421 is movably connected to the horizontal support surface 2, so that the horizontal support surface 2 can rise relative to the upper surface of the base 1 and can deflect along the horizontal support surface 2. When the tooling is used to splice and weld two single frames of the left and right into a V-shaped frame, the two horizontal support surfaces 2 each support one frame single piece. Due to the differences in the V-angle or frame specifications of different models of V-shaped diesel engines, the distance between the mating surfaces of the two frame single pieces needs to be adjusted accordingly. At this time, by adjusting the relative position of the two sliding seats 421 in the limiting groove 422, the distance between the two horizontal support surfaces 2 and the frame single pieces on them can be changed, so that the mating surfaces of the left and right frame single pieces are precisely aligned, meeting the assembly and positioning requirements of different V-shaped frames. It should be noted that after the adjustment is completed, the sliding seats 421 should be kept in place and fixed by tightening bolts before installing the sliding shaft 6 and the waist-shaped connecting piece 5 to avoid interference from subsequent deflection actions.

[0024] The lifting assembly 42 also includes: a hydraulic lifting cylinder 423; The bottom of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 423 is fixedly mounted on the sliding seat 421. The telescopic end of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 423 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hinge seat 424. The hinge seat 424 and the center of the U-shaped support frame 426 are rotatably connected through the damping hinge shaft 425. The top of the U-shaped support frame 426 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the horizontal support surface 2, and two symmetrical auxiliary parts 427 are provided on both sides of the hinge seat 424. The corresponding sides of the two auxiliary parts 427 are provided with concave structures and are adapted to the sides of the U-shaped support frame 426. The drive component 43 acts on the two auxiliary parts 427 to realize the deflection of the U-shaped support frame 426 and the horizontal support surface 2.

[0025] The clamping assembly 41 includes a clamping member 411 and a clamping member 412. There are two clamping members 411, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the horizontal support surface 2. The two clamping members 411 are connected to the drive motor 415 through a screw drive pair 413 to synchronously achieve the action of approaching for clamping or moving away from each other for release. The screw drive pair 413 is set on the upper surface of the horizontal support surface 2. The screw drive pair 413 is connected to the drive motor 415 through a gear set 414. One gear of the gear set 414 is connected to the drive motor 415, and the other gear is fixedly sleeved on the screw. The two gears mesh for transmission. Multiple clamping elements 412 are provided. The clamping elements 412 are connected to the truss 418 through the automatic telescopic rod 416. The two ends of the truss 418 are respectively fixed at the ends of two hydraulic telescopic cylinders 419. The cylinder bodies of the two hydraulic telescopic rod cylinders are fixed on both sides of the horizontal support surface 2. The displacement path of the clamping element 412 is perpendicular to the inclined surface of the positioning block 3.

[0026] The deflection angle range of the horizontal support surface 2 is 15 degrees to 45 degrees.

[0027] In this solution, to address the issue that in existing technologies where heat sinks for air cooling need to be welded to the outer surface of a single frame unit, the commonly used welding fixtures are generally in a fixed state. Once the welding process begins, the working surface of the single frame unit is fixed, resulting in a limited welding exposure interface and hindering operations near the bottom welding area of ​​the heat sink, an adjustment mechanism 4 is introduced. This mechanism stabilizes and limits the single frame unit using a clamping assembly 41, and then treats the horizontal support surface 2 and the single frame unit as a whole. When needed, the horizontal support surface 2 can be deflected at a small angle to expose the bottom welding area, thus relatively expanding the interface and facilitating subsequent continuous welding operations. This small-angle deflection addresses both the need to expand the welding exposure interface and reduces the adverse effects of deflection on the displacement or stress that may occur to the single frame unit during welding, achieving multiple benefits. Specifically: First, the frame plate to be welded is placed flat on the horizontal support surface 2. The pre-set positioning blocks 3 on the horizontal support surface 2 are used to pre-position the frame plate against its own inclined surface, ensuring that the initial posture of the frame plate meets the V-angle requirement. After pre-positioning, the controller issues a clamping command, starting the drive motor 415. Power is transmitted to the lead screw drive pair 413 via the gear set 414, causing two symmetrically distributed clamping members 411 to move synchronously towards each other, clamping the frame plate from both sides. Simultaneously, the piston rods of the two hydraulic telescopic cylinders 419 extend synchronously, pushing the truss 418 to move along a preset direction. Multiple automatic telescopic rods 416 connected to the truss 418 drive the pressing member 412 along a path perpendicular to the inclined surface of the positioning block 3, firmly pressing the pressing member 412 against the inclined surface of the frame plate, forming a multi-directional stable clamping of the frame plate. At this point, the frame plate is reliably fixed to the horizontal support surface 2, with the outer surface of the heat sink to be welded facing one side.

[0028] Subsequently, the controller controls the telescopic end of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 423 to rise upwards, sequentially lifting the horizontal support surface 2 along with the frame piece already clamped and secured thereon via the hinge seat 424, damping hinge shaft 425, and U-shaped support frame 426, so that the frame piece reaches the set welding operation height. At this time, the welding machine can perform normal welding on the heat sink weld area on the upper middle part of the outer side of the frame piece.

[0029] When welding reaches the area near the bottom of the heat sink, the limited reach of the welding tool causes the controller to send an action command to the horizontal reciprocating drive 431. The horizontal reciprocating drive 431 can be a hydraulic telescopic cylinder, whose drive end pushes one of the auxiliary components 427 to slide horizontally along the limiting groove 422. Since the two auxiliary components 427 are structurally connected and maintain synchronous linkage, their concave structures jointly push against the two sides of the U-shaped support frame 426. Under the push of the auxiliary components 427, the U-shaped support frame 426 rotates around the damping hinge axis 425. Because the top of the U-shaped support frame 426 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the horizontal support surface 2, the horizontal support surface 2 and the frame as a whole deflect. The deflection angle is controlled within the range of 15 to 45 degrees according to the actual welding exposure requirements, to appropriately expose the originally obscured bottom welding area while avoiding excessive deflection that could introduce additional workpiece displacement risks.

[0030] This invention achieves multi-directional stable clamping of the workpiece through the coordinated cooperation of the double-sided clamping members 411 and the multi-directional abutting members 412 in the clamping assembly 41, and with the help of the fit between the positioning block 3 and the single inclined surface of the frame, providing a reliable positioning basis for subsequent posture changes. When welding to the bottom area of ​​the heat sink encounters spatial obstruction, the hydraulic lifting cylinder 423 first lifts the horizontal support surface 2 and the entire workpiece to a suitable height, and then drives the assembly 43 to perform a deflection action, so that the originally obstructed bottom welding area is uniformly exposed within the reach of the welding torch. The welding torch can complete the continuous welding of the entire lower half of the heat sink in one go without detouring or changing positions, effectively expanding the welding interface and improving the continuity of operation.

[0031] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the driving component 43 includes: A horizontal reciprocating drive 431 is fixed on the base 1. Its drive end is connected to one of the auxiliary components 427 to push the two auxiliary components 427 to move synchronously, so as to drive the U-shaped support frame 426 to deflect around the damping hinge axis 425. A follower plate 432 is fixedly connected to the auxiliary component 427. The follower plate 432 extends upward and passes through the clearance elongated hole 433 opened on the horizontal support surface 2. The clearance elongated hole 433 is a through groove. The top of the follow-up vertical plate 432 is fixed with a mounting base 434 located above the horizontal support surface 2, and a slag removal component 44 is installed on the mounting base 434. While the drive component 43 drives the horizontal support surface 2 to deflect, the follower vertical plate 432 drives the slag removal component 44 to move synchronously along the avoidance elongated hole 433, and removes slag from the welds of different welding stages of the frame piece in the outgoing and returning strokes respectively.

[0032] Please see Figures 3-5 As shown, the slag removal component 44 includes: Multiple sets of slag scrapers 441 are arranged in pairs, and the shape of the slag scraper 441 is adapted to the welding angle between the frame single piece and the heat sink. Multiple sets of scraper blades 441 are connected to a connecting bracket 442, and at least one end of the connecting bracket 442 is provided with a protrusion 443. The mounting base 434 is provided with a guide groove 444, which is parallel to the outer side of the single-piece welded heat sink of the frame, and the protrusion 443 is slidably disposed in the guide groove 444. It also includes a trajectory guide plate 445 fixed to one side of the clearance hole 433. The upper edge of the trajectory guide plate 445 is wavy, and the bottom end of the protrusion 443 is provided with a roller 446 that always abuts against the upper edge of the trajectory guide plate 445. When the follower plate 432 drives the mounting base 434 to move horizontally, the protrusion 443, under the action of the wavy upper edge of the track guide plate 445, drives the connecting bracket 442 and multiple sets of slag scrapers 441 to reciprocate up and down to scrape slag from the weld.

[0033] The tail end of the scraper blade 441 is fixedly mounted on the blade holder 447. The blade holder 447 is configured as a T-shaped structure. The T-shaped end of the blade holder 447 is slidably mounted in the groove 448 opened on the connecting bracket 442. A pre-tensioning spring 449 is provided between the bottom wall of the groove 448 and the T-shaped end of the blade holder 447.

[0034] A waist-shaped connector 5 is fixed to the drive end of the horizontal reciprocating drive 431. A sliding shaft 6 is fixedly installed on the side of the auxiliary component 427 near the waist-shaped connector 5. The sliding shaft 6 is slidably and limitedly installed in the waist-shaped groove on the waist-shaped connector 5. By setting the waist-shaped connector 5, the extension and retraction movements of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 423 are kept within the range of motion of the waist-shaped groove, that is, the vertical length of the waist-shaped groove is greater than the lifting stroke of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 423, thus maintaining the force of the horizontal reciprocating drive 431 on the auxiliary component 427 without causing action interference.

[0035] Simultaneously with the deflection action, the follower plate 432, fixed to the auxiliary component 427, moves horizontally in sync with the auxiliary component 427. The follower plate 432 extends upward through the pre-reserved clearance elongated hole 433 on the horizontal support surface 2, causing its top mounting base 434 to move horizontally along the direction of the clearance elongated hole 433. The horizontal movement of the mounting base 434 causes the slag removal assembly 44 mounted on it to move synchronously. Multiple pairs of slag scrapers 441 reciprocate up and down along the wavy line of the trajectory guide plate 445, performing real-time slag scraping and cleaning of the weld seam. During the slag scraping process, the blade holder 447 of each set of slag scrapers 441 achieves independent elastic floating through the pre-tightening spring 449 between its T-shaped end and the groove 448 of the connecting bracket 442, adaptively conforming to the contour undulations of different weld seams, ensuring uniform and controllable slag scraping force.

[0036] It should be noted that the soldering of the heat sink is divided into two stages; The first stage involves the welding machine performing full welding of the upper half of the weld seam on each heat sink one by one until the upper half of all heat sinks is welded. After the upper half welding is completed, deflection and the first slag removal are performed. The controller sends an action command to the horizontal reciprocating drive 431, and the drive end pushes the auxiliary component 427 to slide along the direction of the limiting groove 422. The two auxiliary components 427 push the two sides of the U-shaped support frame 426, causing the U-shaped support frame 426 to rotate around the damping hinge axis 425, which drives the horizontal support surface 2 and the entire frame to deflect within a preset angle range to expose the bottom welding area that was originally covered. At the same time as the deflection action occurs, the follower plate 432 fixed to the auxiliary component 427 moves horizontally in sync. The follower plate 432 passes upward through the clearance elongated hole 433 on the horizontal support surface 2, driving the mounting base 434 and the slag removal component 44 at its top to move along the weld seam extension direction. During the forward movement of the mounting base 434 from its initial position to its deflection endpoint, multiple sets of scraper blades 441 reciprocate vertically along the wavy upper edge of the trajectory guide plate 445, performing the first scraping and cleaning of the welds already completed on the upper half of all heat sink fins. When the horizontal support surface 2 deflects to the set angle, the scraper blades 441 have also completed the cleaning of all welds in the upper half and stop at the starting position of the lower half of the area to be welded.

[0037] The second stage is as follows: After the deflection, the welding area at the bottom of the heat sink that was originally covered is fully exposed. The welding machine performs full welding of the lower half of the weld seam on all heat sinks one by one until the lower half of the weld seam of all heat sinks is completed.

[0038] After the lower half of the welding is completed, a reset and a second slag removal are performed. The controller controls the horizontal reciprocating drive 431 to move in the opposite direction, the drive auxiliary component 427 returns to its initial position, and the U-shaped support frame 426 drives the horizontal support surface 2 and the frame piece to return to their initial horizontal posture. At the same time as the reset action occurs, the follower plate 432 drives the mounting base 434 and the slag removal assembly 44 back along the original path. During the return stroke of the mounting base 434 from the deflection endpoint to the initial position, the slag scraper 441 group performs a second slag removal cleaning on all the welds of the lower half that have just been welded. When the horizontal support surface 2 is completely reset, the slag scraper 441 also completes the cleaning of all the welds of the lower half and returns to its initial position with the mounting base 434.

[0039] Finally, the unloading process begins. The hydraulic lifting cylinder 423 retracts, lowering the horizontal support surface 2 to its original height. The clamping parts 411 and the abutting parts 412 release the workpiece in sequence, and the welded frame piece is removed, thus completing the entire processing flow.

[0040] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has a follower plate 432 fixed to the auxiliary component 427, which moves horizontally in sync with the auxiliary component 427. The follower plate 432 extends upward and passes through the clearance elongated hole 433 opened on the horizontal support surface 2, thereby transmitting the movement of the auxiliary component 427 below the horizontal support surface 2 to the horizontal support surface 2. The mounting base 434 fixed at its top drives the slag removal component 44 to move synchronously along the weld extension direction. Multiple scraper blades 441 in the slag removal assembly 44 are integrated into a single unit via a connecting bracket 442. A protrusion 443 at the end of the connecting bracket 442 is slidably mounted within a guide groove 444 of the mounting base 434. The guide groove 444 is parallel to the outer surface of the single-piece welded heat sink of the frame, providing stable motion guidance for the scraper blades 441. During the horizontal movement of the mounting base 434, a trajectory guide plate 445 fixed to one side of the clearance hole 433 and a roller 446 at the bottom of the protrusion 443 form a cam-follower engagement relationship. The upper edge of the trajectory guide plate 445 is wavy, and the roller 446 always abuts against it. As the mounting base 434 moves horizontally, the wavy upper edge forces the protrusion 443 to reciprocate within the guide groove 444, thereby driving the connecting bracket... The frame 442 and multiple sets of scraper blades 441 perform a reciprocating scraping motion on the weld surface, effectively removing the slag and spatter adhering to the weld surface during the welding process. At the same time, the tail ends of each set of scraper blades 441 are slidably mounted in the grooves 448 of the connecting frame 442 through the T-shaped structure on the independent blade holder 447. The pre-tensioning springs 449 set between the bottom wall of the groove 448 and the T-shaped end of the blade holder 447 provide independent and variable elastic clamping force for each set of scraper blades 441, so that the scraper blades 441 can adaptively conform to the contour undulations of different weld surfaces during the scraping process. They apply uniform and controllable scraping force to weld areas with uneven weld height or different spatter levels, which not only ensures thorough slag removal but also avoids weld surface scratches or undercut defects that may be caused by rigid contact.

[0041] A single-piece welding process for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine frame includes the following steps: S1. Fix the frame piece to the horizontal support surface 2 of the tooling, with the outer side of the heat sink to be welded facing upwards, and raise it to the welding height. S2. With the horizontal support surface 2 in a horizontal position, fully weld the upper half of the weld seams of all heat sinks. S3. Drive the horizontal support surface 2 to deflect from the horizontal posture to the inclined posture. During the deflection stroke, drive the slag removal component 44 to move along the weld direction to perform the first slag scraping on the upper half of the welded weld. S4. With the horizontal support surface 2 in a deflected position, fully weld the lower half of the weld seam of all heat sinks. S5. Drive the horizontal support surface 2 to reset from the inclined posture to the horizontal posture. During the reset stroke, drive the slag removal component 44 to move in the opposite direction along the weld seam to perform a second slag scraping on the lower half of the newly welded seam. Lower the horizontal support surface 2 back to its original position, release the workpiece, and complete the welding.

[0042] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A single-piece welded fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine, comprising a base and a controller, characterized in that, The base is provided with a horizontal support surface for supporting the frame piece, and a positioning block that cooperates with the inclined surface of the frame piece is provided on the horizontal support surface; an adjustment mechanism is also provided on the horizontal support surface to adjust the posture of the horizontal support surface. The regulating mechanism includes: The clamping assembly, set on the horizontal support surface, is used to clamp and fix the frame piece; The lifting assembly is used to enable the horizontal support surface to rise relative to the upper surface of the base and to deflect along the horizontal support surface; A drive assembly is used to drive the horizontal support surface to deflect during the welding process, thereby changing the orientation of the horizontal support surface.

2. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes a sliding seat, a limiting groove corresponding to the horizontal support surface is provided on the base, the sliding seat is slidably installed in the limiting groove, the sliding seat is movably connected to the horizontal support surface, so that the horizontal support surface can rise relative to the upper surface of the base and can deflect along the horizontal support surface.

3. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting assembly also includes: a hydraulic lifting cylinder; The bottom of the hydraulic lifting cylinder is fixedly mounted on the sliding seat. The telescopic end of the hydraulic lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hinge seat. The hinge seat is rotatably connected to the center of the U-shaped support frame through a damping hinge shaft. The top of the U-shaped support frame is fixedly set on the lower surface of the horizontal support surface, and two symmetrical auxiliary parts are set on both sides of the hinge seat. The corresponding sides of the two auxiliary parts are set with concave structures and are adapted to the sides of the U-shaped support frame. The drive component acts on the two auxiliary parts to realize the deflection of the U-shaped support frame and the horizontal support surface.

4. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The driver components include: A horizontal reciprocating drive component is fixed on the base, and its drive end is connected to one of the auxiliary components to push the two auxiliary components to move synchronously, so as to drive the U-shaped support frame to deflect around the damping hinge axis. A follower plate is fixedly connected to the auxiliary component. The follower plate extends upward and passes through the clearance elongated hole opened on the horizontal support surface. The top of the follow-up vertical plate is fixed with a mounting base located above the horizontal support surface, and the mounting base is equipped with a slag removal component; While the drive component drives the horizontal support surface to deflect, the follower plate drives the slag removal component to move synchronously along the avoidance long hole, and removes slag from the welds of different welding stages of the frame piece in the outgoing and returning strokes respectively.

5. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The slag removal components include: Multiple sets of slag scrapers are arranged in pairs, and the shape of the slag scrapers is adapted to the welding angle between the frame unit and the heat sink. Multiple sets of slag scrapers are connected together on a connecting bracket, and the connecting bracket has a protrusion at at least one end; The mounting base is provided with a guide groove, which is parallel to the outer side of the single-piece welded heat sink of the frame, and the protrusion is slidably disposed in the guide groove. It also includes a track guide plate fixed to one side of the clearance hole. The upper edge of the track guide plate is wavy, and the bottom of the protrusion is provided with a roller that always abuts against the upper edge of the track guide plate. When the follower plate moves the mounting base horizontally, the protrusion, under the action of the wavy upper edge of the track guide plate, drives the connecting bracket and multiple sets of slag scrapers to reciprocate up and down, scraping slag from the weld.

6. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tail end of the slag scraper is fixedly mounted on the blade holder, which is configured as a T-shaped structure. The T-shaped end of the blade holder is slidably mounted in a groove on the connecting bracket, and a pre-tensioning spring is provided between the bottom wall of the groove and the T-shaped end of the blade holder.

7. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 4, characterized in that, A waist-shaped connector is fixed on the drive end of the horizontal reciprocating drive component. A sliding shaft is fixed on the side of the auxiliary component near the waist-shaped connector. The sliding shaft is slidably and limitedly installed in the waist-shaped groove on the waist-shaped connector.

8. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The deflection angle of the horizontal support surface ranges from 15 degrees to 45 degrees.

9. The single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly includes a clamping member and a stopping member. There are two clamping members, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the horizontal support surface. The two clamping members are connected to the horizontal support surface through a lead screw drive pair to synchronously achieve the action of approaching for clamping or moving away from the horizontal support surface. The lead screw drive pair is located on the upper surface of the horizontal support surface. The lead screw drive pair is connected to the drive motor through a gear set. One gear of the gear set is connected to the drive motor, and the other gear is fixedly sleeved on the lead screw. The two gears mesh for transmission. Multiple clamping components are provided. The clamping components are connected to the truss through automatic telescopic rods. The two ends of the truss are respectively fixed at the ends of two hydraulic telescopic cylinders. The cylinder bodies of the two hydraulic telescopic rod cylinders are fixed on both sides of the horizontal support surface. The displacement path of the clamping components is set perpendicular to the inclined surface of the positioning block.

10. A single-piece welding process for a V-type air-cooled diesel engine frame, characterized in that, This process is implemented based on the single-piece welding fixture for machining a V-type air-cooled diesel engine as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps: S1. Fix the frame piece to the horizontal support surface of the tooling with the outer side of the heat sink to be welded facing upwards, and raise it to the welding height. S2. With the horizontal support surface in a horizontal position, fully weld the upper half of the weld seams of all heat sinks. S3. Drive the horizontal support surface to deflect from a horizontal posture to an inclined posture. During the deflection stroke, simultaneously drive the slag removal component to move along the weld direction to perform the first slag scraping on the upper half of the welded seam. S4. With the horizontal support surface in a deflected position, fully weld the lower half of the weld seam of all heat sinks. S5. Drive the horizontal support surface to reset from the tilted position to the horizontal position. During the reset stroke, drive the slag removal component to move in the opposite direction along the weld seam to perform a second slag scraping on the lower half of the newly welded seam. Lower the horizontal support surface back to its original position, release the workpiece, and complete the welding.

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