Variable volume bulkhead air pocket ventilation method and system suitable for plateau drill and blast tunneling

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-volume partition wind-bin type ventilation method and system suitable for a plateau drill-and-blast tunnel, wherein effective volumes of wind bins or sub wind bins are determined by acquiring parameters such as tunneling length and vertical positions of partitions; the vertical movement of the partitions is controlled to realize adaptive matching of the effective volumes of the wind bins with the tunneling length; a layered lateral telescopic sealing assembly is used to adhere to a tunnel section and to adjust air leakage in a closed loop; the inside of the wind bin is divided into at least two sub wind bins according to a blasting organization mode, and on-off states are set; after blasting, data such as CO concentration are collected, and a ventilation volume set value is generated and corrected based on a ventilation demand and a pollutant concentration change model; smoke exhaust and air supply are implemented in different zones, and after reaching the standard, the system is switched to an economic operation mode, and when an index rebounds and exceeds a limit, the ventilation volume is increased or the on-off state of the sub wind bin is adjusted. The application can realize adaptive adjustment, accurate sealing and zoned ventilation volume adjustment of the volumes of the wind bins and the tunneling length, reduce energy consumption, ensure rapid standard reaching and energy-saving operation under complex working conditions, and has strong adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction ventilation and safety control technology, specifically to a variable-capacity baffle ventilation method and system suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During drill-and-blast tunnel construction, the blasting process generates a large amount of smoke, dust, and suspended particulate matter. In high-altitude areas, tunnel construction is affected by low air pressure and low oxygen levels, resulting in slow diffusion of smoke and harmful gases after blasting, making personnel prone to oxygen deficiency and highlighting the conflict between ventilation safety and energy consumption. Partitioned ventilation systems, by creating relatively independent ventilation spaces through partitions, can enhance smoke extraction organization and safety.

[0003] Existing baffle-type ventilation technology suffers from several drawbacks: mismatch between the ventilation chamber volume and the tunneling length, resulting in long-term over- or under-ventilation; difficulty in fitting the ventilation chamber baffles to the horseshoe-shaped cross-section, leading to severe air leakage at the arch shoulder and other areas, making it difficult to establish pressure differential; difficulty in zoning ventilation according to pollution sources during multi-face or alternating blasting operations, resulting in large air volumes throughout the chamber; and a lack of precise control linked to monitoring data, leading to high energy consumption due to experience-based timed operation after blasting. Therefore, a construction ventilation method and system is needed that combines variable volume, self-adaptive cross-section sealing, zoned reconfiguration, and energy-saving control linked to monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides a variable-capacity diaphragm ventilation method and system suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels. The effective volume of the diaphragm ventilation chamber can adapt to the tunneling length, the seal can adapt to the horseshoe-shaped cross-section of the tunnel and preferentially suppress air leakage at the arch shoulder, the ventilation chamber can be reconfigured and partitioned according to the working face, and it can be linked with the working face monitoring to achieve rapid compliance after blasting and energy-saving operation after compliance.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A variable-volume diaphragm ventilation method applicable to high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the tunneling length, the effective length from the ventilation chamber to the working face, the vertical position of the movable partition, and the contour parameters of the horseshoe-shaped tunnel section. Combine the correspondence between the effective ventilation area and the effective axial length to determine the effective volume of the ventilation chamber or its sub-ventilation chamber. S2: Control the vertical movement of the movable partition to change the effective closed height of the ventilation chamber, so that the effective ventilation area of ​​the ventilation chamber changes dynamically with the vertical position of the partition, and realizes the adaptive matching of the effective volume of the ventilation chamber with the tunnel excavation length. S3: Control the extension of the layered lateral expansion sealing components set on both sides of the partition to fit the boundary of the horseshoe-shaped section of the tunnel, so that the flexible seal of the component fits the boundary of the horseshoe-shaped section of the tunnel, and perform closed-loop adjustment based on the measured pressure difference in the compartment or the fitting pressure of the flexible seal to reduce air leakage. S4: Based on the tunnel blasting organization method, configure the reconfigurable partitioning component inside the wind chamber to divide the wind chamber into at least two independent sub-wind chambers, and set the isolation or connection status between each sub-wind chamber; S5: After blasting, collect at least CO concentration data, as well as one or more of the following data in the ventilation chamber: dust concentration, wind speed, pressure difference, oxygen content, air pressure, or air density. Generate basic air volume setpoints for each sub-ventilation chamber based on the tunnel ventilation demand and pollutant concentration change model. Correct the basic air volume setpoints by sealing efficiency and plateau environment parameters to obtain the final air volume setpoints for each sub-ventilation chamber. S6: By adjusting the opening of the corresponding zone dampers of each sub-air chamber and controlling the frequency conversion of the fans, different sub-air chambers are equipped with zoned smoke exhaust and air supply. The sub-air chamber where the blasting working face is located is given a higher air volume weight, while the sub-air chambers where the non-blasting working face is located adopt a maintenance ventilation or low air volume mode. When the monitoring indicators of each sub-air chamber reach the safety limit and remain stable for a preset time, the system switches to the economical operation mode of low air volume maintenance or intermittent ventilation. When the monitoring indicator of any sub-air chamber rebounds and exceeds the limit, the air supply of the corresponding sub-air chamber is increased or the connection status between the sub-air chambers is adjusted.

[0006] Further, in step S1, the effective volume of the air chamber or sub-air chamber is determined based on the effective ventilation area and the effective axial length, satisfying: in, This refers to the effective enclosed height corresponding to the vertical position of the partition. For horseshoe-shaped cross-section at height Corresponding effective ventilation area The effective axial length from the ventilation shaft to the construction work surface; The horseshoe-shaped cross-section of the tunnel is discretized vertically into multiple layers of net width, and the number of layers is consistent with the number of layers of the lateral expansion units of the lateral expansion sealing assembly. The effective ventilation area is approximated by the layered discretization. in, Let i be the net width of the i-th layer. For floor height, For the number of floors, This is a correction item for the area occupied by pipelines and equipment within the ventilation shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S3, when the pressure difference of the air chamber is detected to be lower than the target pressure difference, the extension of the lateral expansion unit of the corresponding layer of the arch shoulder is increased to strengthen the seal between the lateral expansion unit and the horseshoe-shaped cross-section profile of the tunnel to suppress air leakage in the arch shoulder and restore the target pressure difference.

[0008] Furthermore, the basic air volume setting value mentioned in step S5 includes at least the basic air volume requirement determined based on the air change rate method: Where N is the target number of air changes, V is the effective volume of the compartment, and t is the time to achieve the target. The pollutant concentration change model is a first-order decay model, and the target air volume required to discharge CO is calculated based on this model. The target air volume required for dust discharge and take in, This represents the actual required air volume. Introducing sealing efficiency The airflow setpoint is corrected, and the sealing efficiency is estimated based on the pressure difference ratio. , in, To measure the pressure difference, The target pressure difference; The formula for correcting the airflow setpoint based on sealing efficiency is: To set the required air volume; The formula for correction based on plateau environmental parameters is: ; in, For the final required air volume, This is the plateau correction factor determined by air pressure, air density, or oxygen content.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes: recording ventilation compliance time and energy consumption data under different tunneling lengths and different blasting organization methods, forming a parameter self-tuning table to correct the target air exchange rate, target time, or control threshold.

[0010] A variable-volume diaphragm ventilation system suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels, used to achieve the above-mentioned ventilation method, including: Movable baffle assembly: installed within the horseshoe-shaped cross-section of the tunnel to form a baffle air chamber. The movable baffle assembly includes a baffle body, a vertical guide mechanism, a lifting drive mechanism, and a baffle position detection unit. The baffle body is guided by the vertical guide mechanism and driven by the lifting drive mechanism to move vertically upward or downward. The baffle position detection unit detects the vertical position of the baffle body and implements closed-loop control to change the effective sealing height of the air chamber. Lateral telescopic sealing assembly: disposed at both sides of the partition body, including multiple layers of lateral telescopic units, flexible seals, differential pressure detection units and bonding pressure detection units arranged vertically. Each layer of lateral telescopic units is independently controllable and corresponds to the tunnel sidewall section and the arch shoulder section respectively. The lateral telescopic units drive the flexible seals to bond with the horseshoe-shaped cross-section boundary of the tunnel. The detection data from the differential pressure detection units and the bonding pressure detection units are used for closed-loop adjustment of the sealing state. Reconfigurable partitioning components inside the air chamber: arranged inside the partition air chamber, including a movable partitioning structure, partition dampers and controllable connecting valves, used to divide the partition air chamber into at least two sub-air chambers. The partition dampers and controllable connecting valves work together to achieve the switching of the connection and isolation states between the sub-air chambers and the pressure difference balance. Ventilation actuator: includes a fan, a frequency converter drive unit, and a damper actuator corresponding to each of the sub-air chambers. The frequency converter drive unit is used to adjust the fan speed, and the damper actuator is used to adjust the opening of the zone damper, so as to realize the adjustment of the air supply and smoke exhaust volume of the air chamber or sub-air chamber. The monitoring and control components include at least a CO monitoring unit and a controller, and also include one or more of the following: a NOx monitoring unit, a dust monitoring unit, a wind speed monitoring unit, an oxygen content monitoring unit, and an air pressure or air density monitoring unit. The controller is equipped with a blasting status input interface for receiving blasting signals, blasting warning signals, or working face status signals. The controller is electrically connected to the various execution and detection units of the movable partition assembly, the lateral telescopic sealing assembly, the reconfigurable partition assembly inside the ventilation chamber, and the ventilation execution assembly. Based on the tunneling length, ventilation chamber geometry, sealing status, blasting conditions, and various monitoring data, the controller controls the partition position, sealing telescopic amount, partition connectivity status, partition damper opening, and fan speed.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting drive mechanism of the movable partition assembly is any one or a combination of an electric winch mechanism, a lead screw drive mechanism, and a hydraulic drive mechanism, and the partition position detection unit is at least one of an encoder, a limit switch, a laser rangefinder, or a visual rangefinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the lateral telescopic unit includes a shell, a multi-layer telescopic mechanism, an interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad, a telescopic push-pull rod, and a motor. The shell is a horizontally arranged hollow cavity with openings on both the left and right sides. The multi-layer telescopic mechanism is arranged vertically from top to bottom inside the shell, and the whole can slide horizontally to both sides along the shell and extend and retract outwards simultaneously from the openings on both sides of the shell. Each telescopic mechanism includes telescopic plates arranged symmetrically on the left and right. Baffles are fixed on the horizontal outer side of each telescopic plate. Adjacent telescopic mechanisms are arranged vertically and close together. The baffle of the telescopic plate of the lower telescopic mechanism always abuts against the outer side of the baffle of the telescopic plate of the upper telescopic mechanism. Furthermore, the horizontal inner side of the lower telescopic plate is equipped with an interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad that maintains a horizontal distance from its own baffle. The outer wall of the interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad is tightly abutted against the inner side of the baffle of the upper telescopic plate to form an interlayer sealing structure. An electric motor is fixedly installed in the cavity between the two telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism. The left and right output ends of the electric motor are respectively connected to a telescopic push-pull rod. The outer ends of the telescopic push-pull rods are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism. When the electric motor drives the telescopic push-pull rods to extend or retract horizontally, it directly drives the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest layer to expand horizontally to the sides of the shell or to retract horizontally to the center of the shell. The horizontal movement of the lowest telescopic plate is driven by the friction between the baffle and the interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad, which drives all the telescopic mechanisms above it to expand or retract horizontally in sync.

[0013] Furthermore, flexible sealing elements are fixedly installed on the outer sides of the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism. The flexible sealing elements are lateral sealing flexible rubber pads. At least one lateral sealing flexible rubber pad has a bonding pressure detection unit on the outer side facing the bonding surface, which is used to detect the tightness between the flexible sealing element and the bonding surface. Pressure detection units are respectively provided on the upper and lower outer walls of the outer shell of the lateral telescopic unit. The pressure detection units are used to monitor the air pressure above and below the partition body and to calculate the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts to determine whether there is air leakage.

[0014] Furthermore, the partition structure is at least one of a sliding partition, a folding partition, or a curtain partition, and can be extended and retracted vertically to adapt to the vertical position of the partition body.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a variable-volume diaphragm ventilation method and system suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels. By employing movable diaphragms to adjust the effective volume of the ventilation chamber, layered lateral expansion and contraction sealing closed-loop control, and reconfigurable partitioning components inside the ventilation chamber for zoning and monitoring linkage control, it achieves adaptive adjustment of the ventilation chamber volume and tunneling length, precise sealing, dynamic adjustment of zoned airflow, and airflow correction according to the high-altitude environment. It effectively solves the problems of airflow mismatch, serious air leakage, and energy waste in traditional ventilation systems, improves ventilation efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and ensures rapid compliance and energy-saving operation under complex working conditions. It has strong adaptability and broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the ventilation method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the movable partition assembly structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the lateral telescopic sealing assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the reconfigurable partition component inside the wind tunnel of the present invention.

[0018] Reference numerals: 201-Lifting drive mechanism, 202-Lateral telescopic unit, 203-Tunnel horseshoe-shaped cross-section boundary, 204-Baffle body, 205-Wire rope, 206-Connecting rod, 301-Outer shell, 302-Telescopic mechanism, 303-Lateral sealing flexible rubber pad, 304-Interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad, 305-Telescopic push-pull rod, 306-Motor, 307-Fit pressure detection unit, 308-Differential pressure detection unit, 401-Baffle air chamber, 402-Divider structure, 403-Outer contour line of the tunnel main tunnel, 404-Controllable connecting valve, 405-Internal fan, 406-Inclined shaft or vertical shaft, 407-Air duct, 408-External fan. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Example 1: A variable-volume diaphragm ventilation method suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the tunneling length, the effective length from the ventilation chamber to the working face, the vertical position of the movable partition, and the contour parameters of the horseshoe-shaped tunnel section. Combine the correspondence between the effective ventilation area and the effective axial length to determine the effective volume of the ventilation chamber or its sub-ventilation chamber. S2: Control the vertical movement of the movable partition to change the effective closed height of the ventilation chamber, so that the effective ventilation area of ​​the ventilation chamber changes dynamically with the vertical position of the partition, and realizes the adaptive matching of the effective volume of the ventilation chamber with the tunnel excavation length. S3: Control the extension of the layered lateral expansion sealing components set on both sides of the partition to fit the boundary of the horseshoe-shaped section of the tunnel, so that the flexible seal of the component fits the boundary of the horseshoe-shaped section of the tunnel, and perform closed-loop adjustment based on the measured pressure difference in the compartment or the fitting pressure of the flexible seal to reduce air leakage. S4: Based on the tunnel blasting organization method, configure the reconfigurable partitioning component inside the wind chamber to divide the wind chamber into at least two independent sub-wind chambers, and set the isolation or connection status between each sub-wind chamber; S5: After blasting, collect at least CO concentration data, as well as one or more of the following data: dust concentration, wind speed, pressure difference, oxygen content, air pressure or air density data. Based on the tunnel ventilation demand and pollutant concentration change model, generate the basic air volume setpoint for each sub-ventilation chamber. Correct the basic air volume setpoint by sealing efficiency and plateau environment parameters to obtain the final air volume setpoint for each sub-ventilation chamber. S6: By adjusting the opening of the corresponding zone dampers of each sub-air chamber and controlling the frequency conversion of the fans, different sub-air chambers are equipped with zoned smoke exhaust and air supply. The sub-air chamber where the blasting working face is located is given a higher air volume weight, while the sub-air chambers where the non-blasting working face is located adopt a maintenance ventilation or low air volume mode. When the monitoring indicators of each sub-air chamber reach the safety limit and remain stable for a preset time, the system switches to the economical operation mode of low air volume maintenance or intermittent ventilation. When the monitoring indicator of any sub-air chamber rebounds and exceeds the limit, the air supply of the corresponding sub-air chamber is increased or the connection status between the sub-air chambers is adjusted.

[0021] Specifically, S1: Obtain the tunneling length, the effective length from the ventilation chamber to the working face, the vertical position of the movable partition, and the horseshoe-shaped cross-sectional profile parameters of the tunnel. Combine the correspondence between the effective ventilation area and the effective axial length to determine the effective volume of the ventilation chamber or its sub-ventilation chamber. The effective volume of the air chamber or sub-air chamber is determined by the effective ventilation area and the effective axial length, satisfying the following: in, This refers to the effective enclosed height corresponding to the vertical position of the partition. For horseshoe-shaped cross-section at height Corresponding effective ventilation area This is the effective axial length.

[0022] The horseshoe-shaped cross-section of the tunnel is vertically discretized into multiple layers of net width, and the number of layers is consistent with the number of layers of the lateral expansion units of the lateral expansion sealing assembly. The effective ventilation area is approximated by layer discretization. in, Let i be the net width of the i-th layer. For floor height, For the number of floors, This is a correction item for the area occupied by pipelines and equipment within the ventilation shaft.

[0023] In a specific case, during the construction of a drill-and-blast tunnel in a high-altitude area, the tunnel cross-section was horseshoe-shaped. A partitioned ventilation shaft was installed, with the effective axial length from the partition to the working face (or partition) taken as... The initial effective vertical height of the partition is set to... Cut the cross-section according to Layered discretization yields the net width of each layer. Occupying an area (Used to deduct pipelines, equipment, etc.). The effective ventilation area is then estimated by layered discrete methods as follows: Effective ventilation volume: S2: Control the vertical movement of the movable partition to change the effective closed height of the ventilation chamber, so that the effective ventilation area of ​​the ventilation chamber changes dynamically with the vertical position of the partition, and realizes the adaptive matching of the effective volume of the ventilation chamber with the tunnel excavation length.

[0024] Specifically, based on the current tunneling length and target ventilation requirements, the controller drives the lifting mechanism to position the baffle at... (The tunneling propulsion can also be adjusted to a new one.) (This embodiment uses a fixed initial value for demonstration). If the partition subsequently undergoes vertical displacement... Then the controller will update accordingly. Recalculate the new And update the subsequent airflow settings simultaneously.

[0025] S3: Control the extension of the layered lateral expansion sealing components set on both sides of the partition to fit the horseshoe-shaped cross-section boundary of the tunnel, so that the flexible seal of the component fits the horseshoe-shaped cross-section boundary of the tunnel, and perform closed-loop adjustment based on the measured pressure difference in the compartment or the fitting pressure of the flexible seal to reduce air leakage.

[0026] Activate the lateral expansion sealing assembly to ensure the flexible seal conforms to the horseshoe-shaped cross-section boundary of the tunnel. When the pressure differential in the ventilation chamber is detected to be lower than the target pressure differential, prioritize increasing the extension of the lateral expansion unit at the corresponding layer of the arch shoulder to reduce air leakage at the arch shoulder and restore the target pressure differential. For example, the target pressure differential is set to... Read the pressure difference before blasting (or immediately after blasting when the fan is started): If the actual measurement The controller prioritizes adjusting the expansion unit corresponding to the arch shoulder (e.g., extending in increments of 20mm each time, with a cycle interval of 5 seconds) until the pressure difference enters the 190-210 Pa range, then fine-tunes to reduce air leakage. Simultaneously, at a certain moment, the measured... Then, the sealing efficiency is estimated based on the pressure difference ratio (for subsequent airflow correction): .

[0027] S4: Based on the tunnel blasting organization method, configure the reconfigurable partitioning component inside the wind chamber to divide the wind chamber into at least two independent sub-wind chambers, and set the isolation or connectivity status between each sub-wind chamber.

[0028] Specifically, due to the alternating blasting of the two working faces, this embodiment arranges a movable partition structure inside the ventilation chamber, dividing the ventilation chamber into sub-ventilation chambers A and B, and installing partition dampers and controllable connecting valves. When the working face on side A is blasted: the connecting valve is closed, essentially isolating A and B. Sub-ventilation chamber A enters the "forced exhaust / forced delivery" mode, and sub-ventilation chamber B enters the "maintain ventilation" mode, with a minimum maintainable airflow limit set. To ensure continuous ventilation in non-blasting areas.

[0029] S5: After blasting, collect at least CO concentration data, as well as one or more of the following data in the ventilation chamber: dust concentration, wind speed, pressure difference, oxygen content, air pressure, or air density. Generate basic air volume setpoints for each sub-ventilation chamber based on the tunnel ventilation demand and pollutant concentration change model. Correct the basic air volume setpoints by sealing efficiency and plateau environment parameters to obtain the final air volume setpoints for each sub-ventilation chamber. Specifically, the basic air volume setting value includes at least the basic air demand determined based on the air change rate method: Where N is the target number of air changes, V is the effective volume of the air chamber, and t is the time to achieve the target. The preferred pollutant concentration change model is a first-order decay model, which is used to inversely deduce the target air volume required for CO discharge, satisfying the following: in for Pollutant concentration at any given time Concentration of pollutants in the outside air, Initial pollutant concentration.

[0030] When the target time pollutant concentration Less than or equal to pollutant limit At that time, there were: in, The air volume required to remove carbon monoxide.

[0031] The target air volume required to discharge dust is determined by using the above-described reverse calculation method based on dust concentration. And take into account comprehensive requirements: in, This represents the actual required air volume.

[0032] Introducing sealing efficiency The air volume setpoint is corrected, preferably estimated based on the pressure difference ratio: , in, To measure the pressure difference, The target pressure difference; The formula for correcting the airflow setpoint based on sealing efficiency is: To set the required air volume; Based on plateau environmental parameters, the air volume setpoint was corrected for plateau conditions, resulting in: in, For the final required air volume, This is the plateau correction factor determined by air pressure, air density, or oxygen content.

[0033] In a specific example of this invention, the initial CO concentration value of the working face A corresponding to sub-ventilation chamber A is collected after the blast. The CO concentration in the outside air is CO concentration limit Target achievement time Target number of air exchanges .

[0034] Therefore, the basic air volume required for the air exchange rate method is: The required air volume is calculated by reverse calculation using the first-order CO decay model: Air volume required to exhaust dust Based on comprehensive requirements: Sealing efficiency correction: Measured on site High-altitude correction: The blasting occurs at face A. Priority is given to ensuring the airflow in ventilation chamber A, while ventilation chamber B only needs to meet the minimum sustaining airflow. , .

[0035] Specifically, it can be calculated using weighting coefficients. The sub-ventilation chambers containing the blasting face are assigned a higher airflow weight, so that the blasting sub-ventilation chambers are in a high airflow smoke exhaust mode, while the non-blasting sub-ventilation chambers are in a maintenance ventilation or low airflow mode. This embodiment adopts a simplified engineering allocation of "prioritizing B and allocating the remainder to A".

[0036] S6: By adjusting the opening of the corresponding zone dampers of each sub-air chamber and controlling the frequency conversion of the fans, different sub-air chambers are equipped with zoned smoke exhaust and air supply. The sub-air chamber where the blasting working face is located is given a higher air volume weight, while the sub-air chambers where the non-blasting working face is located adopt a maintenance ventilation or low air volume mode. When the monitoring indicators of each sub-air chamber reach the safety limit and remain stable for a preset time, the system switches to the economical operation mode of low air volume maintenance or intermittent ventilation. When the monitoring indicator of any sub-air chamber rebounds and exceeds the limit, the air supply of the corresponding sub-air chamber is increased or the connection status between the sub-air chambers is adjusted.

[0037] The economical operating mode includes at least one of low-volume maintenance ventilation and intermittent ventilation, and a stable duration is set to avoid frequent switching of operating modes due to short-term fluctuations in monitoring values.

[0038] Specifically, the rated air volume of the fan is taken as (The fan has an air volume of 18m³ at a frequency of 50Hz) 3 / s The controller will set the total airflow to... And provide the frequency conversion setting: Simultaneously control the opening of the zone dampers to allow sub-air chamber A to obtain B windmill obtained During operation, CO is collected every 30 seconds and closed-loop correction is performed. If the CO drop in zone A is not as expected or the pressure difference is insufficient, the arched shoulder seal compensation of S3 is executed first, and the fan frequency is increased / the opening of the A damper is increased. When the CO in zone A is ≤30 mg / m³ and the dust concentration is ≤th threshold, and remains stable for 180 seconds, the system switches to the economic operation mode (e.g., the fan frequency is reduced to 25-30 Hz or intermittent ventilation is used). Zone B maintains minimum ventilation. If any monitoring point rebounds beyond the limit, the high air volume is immediately restored and the connecting valve can be opened briefly to balance the pressure difference. Then, the zone is re-isolated.

[0039] Furthermore, the time to reach the target and energy consumption data under different tunneling lengths and different blasting organization methods are recorded to form a parameter self-tuning table for correcting the target air exchange rate, target time or control threshold.

[0040] Example 2: A variable-volume baffle-type ventilation system suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels, used to achieve the above-mentioned ventilation method, includes: Movable baffle assembly: installed within the horseshoe-shaped cross-section of the tunnel to form a baffle air chamber; such as Figure 2 As shown, the movable partition assembly includes a partition body 204, a vertical guide mechanism, a lifting drive mechanism 201, and a partition position detection unit. The partition body 204, guided by the vertical guide mechanism, is driven by the lifting drive mechanism to move vertically upwards or downwards. The partition position detection unit detects the vertical position of the partition body and implements closed-loop control to change the effective enclosure height of the ventilation chamber, thus altering the effective ventilation area according to the vertical position of the partition. Preferably, the lifting drive mechanism 201 is any one or a combination of an electric winch mechanism, a screw drive mechanism, and a hydraulic drive mechanism. When the lifting drive mechanism 201 is an electric winch mechanism, the electric winch mechanism is connected to the partition body 204 via a steel wire rope 205. The partition position detection unit is at least one of an encoder, a limit switch, a laser rangefinder, or a visual rangefinder, used to achieve closed-loop control of the vertical position of the partition body.

[0041] Lateral expansion sealing assembly: Located at both sides of the partition body 204, it includes multiple sets of lateral expansion units 202 arranged vertically in layers and flexible seals. Each layer of lateral expansion units 202 is independently controllable and is used to drive the flexible seals to fit against the horseshoe-shaped section boundary 203 of the tunnel to reduce air leakage. Adjacent lateral expansion units 202 are connected by connecting rods 206. The lateral expansion sealing assembly also includes a differential pressure detection unit and a fitting pressure detection unit. Preferably, the lateral expansion sealing assembly has no less than three layers of lateral expansion units 202 arranged vertically, with the multiple layers of lateral expansion units 202 corresponding to the tunnel sidewall section and the arch shoulder section. The flexible seals are made of flame-retardant and wear-resistant material. The lateral expansion units 202 drive the flexible seals to fit against the horseshoe-shaped section boundary of the tunnel. The detection data from the differential pressure detection unit and the fitting pressure detection unit are used for closed-loop adjustment of the sealing state.

[0042] like Figure 3As shown, the lateral telescopic unit includes a housing 301, a multi-layer telescopic mechanism 302, an interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad 304, a telescopic push-pull rod 305, and a motor 306. The housing 301 is a horizontally arranged hollow cavity with openings on both the left and right sides. The multi-layer telescopic mechanism 302 is arranged vertically from top to bottom inside the housing 301, and the whole can slide horizontally to both sides along the housing 301 and extend outwards simultaneously from the openings on both sides of the housing 301. Each telescopic mechanism 302 includes telescopic plates symmetrically arranged on the left and right. Baffles are fixed on the horizontal outer side of each telescopic plate. Adjacent telescopic mechanisms are arranged vertically and close together. The baffle of the telescopic plate of the lower telescopic mechanism always abuts against the outer side of the baffle of the telescopic plate of the upper telescopic mechanism. The horizontal inner side of the lower telescopic plate is provided with an interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad 304 at a horizontal distance from its own baffle. The outer wall of the interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad 304 is tightly abutting against the inner side of the baffle of the upper telescopic plate. That is, the baffle of the upper telescopic plate is locked in the gap between the baffle of the lower telescopic plate and the interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad 304, forming an interlayer sealing structure.

[0043] A motor 306 is fixedly installed in the cavity between the two telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism 302. The left and right output ends of the motor 306 are respectively connected to a telescopic push-pull rod 305. The outer ends of the telescopic push-pull rod 305 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner sides of the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism 302. When the motor 306 drives the telescopic push-pull rod 305 to extend or retract horizontally, it directly drives the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest layer to horizontally expand to the sides of the shell or horizontally retract to the center of the shell. The horizontal movement of the lowest telescopic plate is driven by the frictional force between the baffle and the interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad 304, which drives all the telescopic mechanisms 302 above it to perform horizontal expansion or retraction actions simultaneously.

[0044] Flexible sealing elements are fixedly installed on the outer sides of the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism 302. These flexible sealing elements are lateral sealing flexible rubber pads 303. After the lateral sealing flexible rubber pads 303 extend horizontally with the telescopic plates, one side abuts against the horseshoe-shaped cross-section boundary 203 of the tunnel, while the other side abuts against the outer side of the partition body 204. This achieves a double tight fit between the lateral telescopic unit and the cross-section and partition, reducing air leakage. Preferably, at least one lateral sealing flexible rubber pad 303 has a bonding pressure detection unit 307 on its outer side facing the bonding surface to detect the tightness of the flexible sealing element against the bonding surface. Preferably, pressure detection units 308 are respectively provided on the upper and lower outer walls of the outer shell 301 of the lateral telescopic unit. These pressure detection units 308 monitor the air pressure above and below the partition body, and by calculating the pressure difference, determine whether the pressure difference between the air chamber and the outside is within acceptable limits and whether air leakage exists.

[0045] The reconfigurable partitioning component inside the air chamber: arranged inside the partitioned air chamber 401, includes a movable partition structure 402, partition dampers, and a controllable connecting valve 404. The movable partition structure 402 is used to divide the partitioned air chamber into at least two sub-air chambers. The controllable connecting valve 404 is located on the partition structure 402. The partition dampers and the controllable connecting valve cooperate to achieve switching between connected and isolated states and pressure differential balance between the sub-air chambers. Figure 4 As shown, a movable partition structure 402 is provided inside the partitioned ventilation chamber 401, dividing the partitioned ventilation chamber 401 into sub-ventilation chamber A and sub-ventilation chamber B. The partition structure 402 is at least one of a sliding partition, a folding partition, or a curtain partition, and a controllable connecting valve 404 is provided at the partition structure to achieve controllable connection and pressure difference balance between the sub-ventilation chambers. Each sub-ventilation chamber is equipped with an internal fan 405 parallel to the outer contour line 403 of the tunnel main tunnel and facing the working face. The chamber door of the partitioned ventilation chamber 401 is located in an inclined shaft or vertical shaft 406, and the chamber door is connected to an external fan 408 through a duct 407.

[0046] Ventilation actuators include a fan, a frequency converter drive unit, and damper actuators corresponding to each of the sub-air chambers. The frequency converter drive unit is used to adjust the fan speed, and the damper actuators are used to adjust the opening of the zone dampers, so as to achieve the adjustment of the air supply and exhaust volume of the air chamber or sub-air chamber.

[0047] The monitoring and control components include at least a CO monitoring unit and a controller, and also include one or more of the following: a NOx monitoring unit, a dust monitoring unit, a wind speed monitoring unit, an oxygen content monitoring unit, and an air pressure or air density monitoring unit; the controller is equipped with a blasting status input interface for receiving blasting signals, blasting warning signals, or working face status signals. The controller is electrically connected to the lifting drive mechanism of the movable partition assembly, the lateral telescopic sealing assembly, the reconfigurable partition assembly inside the ventilation chamber, and the various execution and detection units of the ventilation execution assembly. Based on the tunneling length, the geometric state of the ventilation chamber, the sealing state, the blasting conditions, and various monitoring data, it controls the position of the partition, the amount of sealing expansion and contraction, the partition connection state, the opening degree of the partition damper, and the fan speed in a coordinated manner to achieve partitioned energy-saving ventilation.

[0048] Preferably, the controller performs closed-loop adjustment of the extension amount of the lateral expansion units of each layer based on the deviation between the detected pressure difference of the air chamber and the target pressure difference and / or the detection value of the bonding pressure, in order to obtain sealing status parameters and use them to correct the air volume setpoint. When the detected pressure difference of the air chamber is lower than the target pressure difference, the controller prioritizes increasing the extension amount of the lateral expansion units of the corresponding layer of the arch shoulder, and after the pressure difference recovers, it performs refined adjustment on the corresponding layer of the sidewall to suppress air leakage in the horseshoe arch shoulder. The monitoring linkage and control component, based on the tunneling length, air chamber geometry, sealing status, blasting conditions, and various monitoring data, controls the position of the partition, the amount of sealing expansion, the zone connection status, the zone damper opening, and the fan speed. When the monitoring indicators of each sub-air chamber reach the safety limit and remain stable for a preset time, it switches to the economical operation mode of low air volume maintenance or intermittent ventilation; when any sub-air chamber monitoring indicator rebounds and exceeds the limit, it increases the air supply of the corresponding sub-air chamber or adjusts the connection status between the sub-air chambers.

[0049] This invention employs techniques such as adjustable volume control of the ventilation chamber, layered lateral expansion and contraction sealing closed-loop control, reconfigurable zoning within the ventilation chamber, and monitoring-linked control. These technologies enable adaptive adjustment of the ventilation chamber volume to the tunneling length, precise sealing, dynamic adjustment of zoned airflow, and airflow correction based on high-altitude environments. This invention effectively solves problems such as airflow mismatch, severe air leakage, and energy waste in traditional ventilation systems, improving ventilation efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and ensuring rapid achievement of standards and energy-efficient operation under complex working conditions.

[0050] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A variable-volume diaphragm ventilation method suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels, characterized by: steps include: S1: Obtain the tunneling length, the effective length from the ventilation chamber to the working face, the vertical position of the movable partition, and the contour parameters of the horseshoe-shaped tunnel section. Combine the correspondence between the effective ventilation area and the effective axial length to determine the effective volume of the ventilation chamber or its sub-ventilation chamber. S2: Control the vertical movement of the movable partition to change the effective closed height of the ventilation chamber, so that the effective ventilation area of ​​the ventilation chamber changes dynamically with the vertical position of the partition, and realizes the adaptive matching of the effective volume of the ventilation chamber with the tunnel excavation length. S3: Control the extension of the layered lateral expansion sealing components set on both sides of the partition to fit the boundary of the horseshoe-shaped section of the tunnel, so that the flexible seal of the component fits the boundary of the horseshoe-shaped section of the tunnel, and perform closed-loop adjustment based on the measured pressure difference in the compartment or the fitting pressure of the flexible seal to reduce air leakage. S4: Based on the tunnel blasting organization method, configure the reconfigurable partitioning component inside the wind chamber to divide the wind chamber into at least two independent sub-wind chambers, and set the isolation or connection status between each sub-wind chamber; S5: After blasting, collect at least CO concentration data, as well as one or more of the following data in the ventilation chamber: dust concentration, wind speed, pressure difference, oxygen content, air pressure, or air density. Generate basic air volume setpoints for each sub-ventilation chamber based on the tunnel ventilation demand and pollutant concentration change model. Correct the basic air volume setpoints by sealing efficiency and plateau environment parameters to obtain the final air volume setpoints for each sub-ventilation chamber. S6: By adjusting the opening of the corresponding zone dampers of each sub-air chamber and controlling the frequency conversion of the fans, different sub-air chambers are equipped with zoned smoke exhaust and air supply. The sub-air chamber where the blasting working face is located is given a higher air volume weight, while the sub-air chambers where the non-blasting working face is located adopt a maintenance ventilation or low air volume mode. When the monitoring indicators of each sub-air chamber reach the safety limit and remain stable for a preset time, the system switches to the economical operation mode of low air volume maintenance or intermittent ventilation. When the monitoring indicator of any sub-air chamber rebounds and exceeds the limit, the air supply of the corresponding sub-air chamber is increased or the connection status between the sub-air chambers is adjusted.

2. The variable-volume baffle ventilation method for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the effective volume of the air chamber or sub-air chamber is determined based on the effective ventilation area and the effective axial length, satisfying the following: in, This refers to the effective enclosed height corresponding to the vertical position of the partition. For horseshoe-shaped cross-section at height Corresponding effective ventilation area The effective axial length from the ventilation shaft to the construction work surface; The horseshoe-shaped cross-section of the tunnel is discretized vertically into multiple layers of net width, and the number of layers is consistent with the number of layers of the lateral expansion units of the lateral expansion sealing assembly. The effective ventilation area is approximated by the layered discretization. in, Let i be the net width of the i-th layer. For floor height, For the number of floors, This is a correction item for the area occupied by pipelines and equipment within the ventilation shaft.

3. The variable-volume baffle ventilation method for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when the pressure difference of the air chamber is detected to be lower than the target pressure difference, the extension of the lateral expansion unit of the corresponding layer of the arch shoulder is increased to strengthen the seal between the lateral expansion unit and the horseshoe-shaped cross-section profile of the tunnel to suppress air leakage in the arch shoulder and restore the target pressure difference.

4. The variable-volume baffle ventilation method for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The basic air volume setting value mentioned in step S5 includes at least the basic air volume requirement determined based on the air change rate method: Where N is the target number of air changes, V is the effective volume of the compartment, and t is the time to achieve the target. The pollutant concentration change model is a first-order decay model, and the target air volume required to discharge CO is calculated based on this model. The target air volume required for dust discharge and take in, This represents the actual required air volume. Introducing sealing efficiency The airflow setpoint is corrected, and the sealing efficiency is estimated based on the pressure difference ratio. ， in, To measure the pressure difference, The target pressure difference; The formula for correcting the airflow setpoint based on sealing efficiency is: To set the required air volume; The formula for correction based on plateau environmental parameters is: ； in, For the final required air volume, This is the plateau correction factor determined by air pressure, air density, or oxygen content.

5. The variable-volume baffle ventilation method for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Record ventilation compliance time and energy consumption data under different tunneling lengths and different blasting organization methods to form a parameter self-tuning table for correcting the target air exchange rate, target time or control threshold.

6. A variable-volume diaphragm ventilation system suitable for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels, used to implement the ventilation method described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Movable baffle assembly: installed within the horseshoe-shaped cross-section of the tunnel to form a baffle air chamber. The movable baffle assembly includes a baffle body, a vertical guide mechanism, a lifting drive mechanism, and a baffle position detection unit. The baffle body is guided by the vertical guide mechanism and driven by the lifting drive mechanism to move vertically upward or downward. The baffle position detection unit detects the vertical position of the baffle body and implements closed-loop control to change the effective sealing height of the air chamber. Lateral telescopic sealing assembly: disposed at both sides of the partition body, including multiple layers of lateral telescopic units, flexible seals, differential pressure detection units and bonding pressure detection units arranged vertically. Each layer of lateral telescopic units is independently controllable and corresponds to the tunnel sidewall section and the arch shoulder section respectively. The lateral telescopic units drive the flexible seals to bond with the horseshoe-shaped cross-section boundary of the tunnel. The detection data from the differential pressure detection units and the bonding pressure detection units are used for closed-loop adjustment of the sealing state. Reconfigurable partitioning components inside the air chamber: arranged inside the partition air chamber, including a movable partitioning structure, partition dampers and controllable connecting valves, used to divide the partition air chamber into at least two sub-air chambers. The partition dampers and controllable connecting valves work together to achieve the switching of the connection and isolation states between the sub-air chambers and the pressure difference balance. Ventilation actuator: includes a fan, a frequency converter drive unit, and a damper actuator corresponding to each of the sub-air chambers. The frequency converter drive unit is used to adjust the fan speed, and the damper actuator is used to adjust the opening of the zone damper, so as to realize the adjustment of the air supply and smoke exhaust volume of the air chamber or sub-air chamber. The monitoring and control components include at least a CO monitoring unit and a controller, and also include one or more of the following: a NOx monitoring unit, a dust monitoring unit, a wind speed monitoring unit, an oxygen content monitoring unit, and an air pressure or air density monitoring unit. The controller is equipped with a blasting status input interface for receiving blasting signals, blasting warning signals, or working face status signals. The controller is electrically connected to the various execution and detection units of the movable partition assembly, the lateral telescopic sealing assembly, the reconfigurable partition assembly inside the ventilation chamber, and the ventilation execution assembly. Based on the tunneling length, ventilation chamber geometry, sealing status, blasting conditions, and various monitoring data, the controller controls the partition position, sealing telescopic amount, partition connectivity status, partition damper opening, and fan speed.

7. The variable displacement baffle-type ventilation system for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lifting drive mechanism of the movable partition assembly is any one or a combination of an electric winch mechanism, a lead screw drive mechanism, and a hydraulic drive mechanism, and the partition position detection unit is at least one of an encoder, a limit switch, a laser rangefinder, or a visual rangefinder.

8. The variable displacement baffle-type ventilation system for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lateral telescopic unit includes an outer shell, a multi-layer telescopic mechanism, interlayer sealing flexible rubber pads, telescopic push-pull rods, and a motor. The outer shell is a horizontally arranged hollow cavity with openings on both the left and right sides. The multi-layer telescopic mechanism is arranged vertically from top to bottom inside the outer shell, and the whole can slide horizontally to both sides along the outer shell and extend and retract outwards simultaneously from the openings on both sides of the outer shell. Each telescopic mechanism includes telescopic plates arranged symmetrically on the left and right. Baffles are fixed on the horizontal outer side of each telescopic plate. Adjacent telescopic mechanisms are arranged vertically and close together. The baffle of the telescopic plate of the lower telescopic mechanism always abuts against the outer side of the baffle of the telescopic plate of the upper telescopic mechanism. Furthermore, the horizontal inner side of the lower telescopic plate is equipped with an interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad that maintains a horizontal distance from its own baffle. The outer wall of the interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad is tightly abutted against the inner side of the baffle of the upper telescopic plate to form an interlayer sealing structure. An electric motor is fixedly installed in the cavity between the two telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism. The left and right output ends of the electric motor are respectively connected to a telescopic push-pull rod. The outer ends of the telescopic push-pull rods are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism. When the electric motor drives the telescopic push-pull rods to extend or retract horizontally, it directly drives the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest layer to expand horizontally to the sides of the shell or to retract horizontally to the center of the shell. The horizontal movement of the lowest telescopic plate is driven by the friction between the baffle and the interlayer sealing flexible rubber pad, which drives all the telescopic mechanisms above it to expand or retract horizontally in sync.

9. The variable displacement baffle-type ventilation system for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that: Flexible sealing elements are fixedly installed on the outer sides of the left and right telescopic plates of the lowest telescopic mechanism. The flexible sealing elements are lateral sealing flexible rubber pads. At least one lateral sealing flexible rubber pad has a bonding pressure detection unit on the outer side facing the bonding surface, which is used to detect the tightness between the flexible sealing element and the bonding surface. Pressure detection units are respectively installed on the upper and lower outer walls of the outer shell of the lateral telescopic unit. The pressure detection units are used to monitor the air pressure above and below the partition body and to calculate the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts to determine whether there is air leakage.

10. The variable displacement baffle-type ventilation system for high-altitude drill-and-blast tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The partition structure is at least one of a sliding partition, a folding partition, or a curtain partition, and can be extended and retracted vertically to adapt to the vertical position of the partition body.

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