A self-powered and self-adaptive triggering flexible protection system and method for a bridge pier in water

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of bridge pier protection, and particularly discloses a flexible protection system and method for a water bridge pier with self-energy supply and self-adaptive triggering. The system comprises a bridge pier main body, a monitoring module, a sliding rail, an elevator, a water turbine generator and a flexible protection module. The monitoring module is fixed to the upper part of the bridge pier main body, the front side of the bridge pier main body is provided with the sliding rail, the elevator is slidingly connected to the front side of the sliding rail, the outer side of the bridge pier is provided with an annular buoyancy cabin, the flexible protection module is nested on the outer side of the annular buoyancy cabin, the water turbine generator is arranged below the annular buoyancy cabin, a mounting rod is arranged above the water turbine generator, mounting holes are arranged on the surface of the annular buoyancy cabin and correspond to the square rods, and the mounting rod is inserted into the corresponding mounting hole. Through the cooperation of the monitoring module, the water turbine generator and the flexible protection module, the bridge pier protection can accurately identify the collision risk, adaptively adjust the protection strength and realize energy self-sufficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge pier protection technology, specifically to a flexible protection system and method for underwater bridge piers that is self-powered and adaptively triggered. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of transportation networks, the construction scale of cross-river and cross-sea bridges continues to expand. As the core load-bearing components of bridges, the structural safety of underwater bridge piers directly determines the operational stability of the bridge. In areas with dense waterways, underwater bridge piers are constantly exposed to the risk of ship collisions, especially the risk of loss of control collisions between small and medium-sized vessels in inland waterway transportation and accidental scrapes by large cargo ships in coastal port areas. These can lead to concrete spalling and steel corrosion of the bridge piers, and in severe cases, cause structural instability of the bridge piers, resulting in bridge collapse, casualties, and huge economic losses.

[0003] Statistics show that more than 100 bridge damage incidents occur globally each year due to ship collisions, with nearly 30% of these incidents directly causing bridge traffic disruptions and indirect economic losses reaching hundreds of millions of yuan. To ensure bridge pier safety, the industry has gradually applied various pier protection devices, but existing protection technologies are still insufficient to meet the protection needs of complex waterway environments and diverse ship collision scenarios, and there is room for improvement in protection effectiveness, economy, and environmental friendliness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a flexible protection system and method for underwater bridge piers that is self-powered and adaptively triggered. This system has the advantages of accurately identifying collision risks, adaptively adjusting protection strength, and achieving energy self-sufficiency in bridge pier protection, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a flexible protection system for a bridge pier in water that is self-powered and adaptively triggered, comprising a bridge pier body, a monitoring module, a slide rail, a lift, a hydroelectric generator, and a flexible protection module; the monitoring module is fixed to the upper part of the bridge pier body, a slide rail is provided on the front side of the bridge pier body, the lift is slidably connected to the front side of the slide rail, an annular buoyancy chamber is sleeved on the outer side of the bridge pier, the flexible protection module is nested on the outer side of the annular buoyancy chamber, the hydroelectric generator is located below the annular buoyancy chamber, an installation rod is provided above the hydroelectric generator, an installation hole is opened on the surface of the annular buoyancy chamber at a position corresponding to the square rod, the installation rod is inserted into the corresponding installation hole, a connecting mechanism is provided between the installation rod and the corresponding hydroelectric generator, the installation rod and the hydroelectric generator are limitedly connected by the connecting mechanism, and a first limiting mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber to limit the movement of the installation rod relative to the installation hole.

[0006] Preferably, the connecting mechanism includes a wedge block and a retaining frame. A wedge groove is provided on the lower side wall of the mounting rod. The wedge block is engaged with the inner side of the wedge groove. The lower side of the wedge block is fixedly connected to the hydroelectric generator. The retaining frame is slidably sleeved on the rod wall of the mounting rod. A second limiting mechanism is provided on the rod wall of the mounting rod above the retaining frame to restrict the movement of the retaining frame.

[0007] Preferably, the first limiting mechanism includes a stop bar and an arc-shaped strip. A rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber and on one side of each of the plurality of mounting rods. The stop bar is fixedly sleeved onto the wall of the rotating rod. A slot is formed on the upper side wall of the mounting rod, and one end of the stop bar engages with the corresponding slot. An arc-shaped groove is formed on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber, and the arc-shaped strip engages with the inner side of the arc-shaped groove. An arc-shaped rack is fixedly mounted on the upper side wall of the arc-shaped strip. Gears are fixedly mounted on the walls of each of the plurality of rotating rods, and the arc-shaped rack meshes with the plurality of gears. A third limiting mechanism for restricting the rotation of the arc-shaped strip is provided on one side of the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the second limiting mechanism includes a fixing ring and a locking block. The fixing ring is fixedly sleeved on the middle end of the mounting rod. Connecting rods are slidably sleeved on both sides of the fixing ring. The lower end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the stop frame. A cavity is opened inside the upper end of the connecting rod. A slider is slidably arranged inside the cavity. The locking block is fixedly arranged on one side of the slider. One end of the locking block extends to the outside of the cavity and abuts against the lower surface of the fixing ring. A first spring is fixedly arranged on the side of the slider away from the locking block. The other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the third limiting mechanism includes a side plate and a threaded rod. The side plate is fixedly disposed at the middle of the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber, and the threaded rod is threadedly sleeved on the middle of the side plate. The side wall of the arc-shaped strip is provided with an insertion hole, and one end of the threaded rod is inserted into the insertion hole.

[0010] Preferably, the longitudinal section of both the arc-shaped strip and the arc-shaped groove is T-shaped.

[0011] Preferably, a fixing rod is fixedly provided on both sides of the cavity, and both sides of the slider are slidably sleeved with the corresponding fixing rod.

[0012] Preferably, an anti-detachment ring is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod away from the stop block.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring module includes a front-end sensing unit and a back-end analysis unit; the front-end sensing units are evenly arranged along the circumference of the main body of the bridge pier, and each set of front-end sensing units includes a high-definition infrared camera, a lidar and a meteorological sensor; the back-end analysis unit is used to fuse sensor data from multiple sets of front-end sensing units to realize ship tonnage identification, navigation speed calculation and trajectory fitting, and to send a trigger signal when a collision risk is determined. The front-end sensing unit also includes pressure sensors, displacement sensors and stress sensors arranged on the outer layer of the flexible protection module, which are used to collect collision data in real time and feed it back to the back-end analysis unit.

[0014] Preferably, the buffer anti-collision mechanism includes an anti-collision plate and a buffer shell. The anti-collision plate is disposed on the inner wall of the flexible protection module on the side away from the elevator. The buffer shell is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the flexible protection module on the side close to the elevator. A first buffer block is slidably disposed inside the buffer shell. A first buffer rod is fixedly disposed on the side of the first buffer block near the anti-collision plate. One end of the first buffer rod extends to the outside of the first buffer shell and is fixedly connected to the anti-collision plate. A second spring is fixedly disposed on the side of the first buffer block away from the first buffer rod. A second buffer shell is fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the first buffer shell. A second buffer block is slidably disposed inside the second buffer shell. A second buffer rod is fixedly disposed on the side of the second buffer block away from the anti-collision plate. One end of the second buffer rod extends to the outside of the second buffer shell and is fixedly connected to a buffer rack. A third spring is fixedly installed on the side of the second buffer block away from the second buffer rod. A mounting plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first buffer shell and behind the rack. A transmission rod is rotatably installed on the front side of the mounting plate. A buffer gear is fixedly sleeved at the front end of the transmission rod. The buffer gear meshes with the buffer rack. A rotating tube is fixedly sleeved at the rear end of the transmission rod. A third buffer block is slidably installed inside the rotating tube. A third buffer rod is fixedly installed on the upper side of the third buffer block. One outer end of the third buffer rod is hinged to the anti-collision plate through a hinge block. A fourth spring is fixedly installed on the side of the third buffer block away from the third buffer rod.

[0015] Preferably, the flexible protection module has a nested structure, consisting of a hydraulic damping layer and a guide protection layer from the inside out. The hydraulic damping layer is fitted over the outer side of the annular buoyancy chamber and connected to the annular buoyancy chamber by multiple sets of butterfly-shaped first springs. Several sets of hydraulic telescopic cylinders are evenly arranged circumferentially inside the hydraulic damping layer. Each set of hydraulic telescopic cylinders is equipped with an independent damping adjustment valve and a pressure sensor to achieve three-level adjustable damping according to the collision pressure. An annular guide slide rail is provided on the outer side of the hydraulic damping layer. The guide protection layer is fitted over the outer side of the hydraulic damping layer and cooperates with the annular guide slide rail of the hydraulic damping layer through a slider. The main body of the guide protection layer is a polymer honeycomb structure, filled with closed-cell aluminum foam, and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant layer is pasted on the outside, and its outer wall is an arc-shaped curved surface.

[0016] A method for using a flexible protection system for self-powered and adaptively triggered underwater bridge piers, comprising the following steps: S1: System Installation: The hydroelectric generator is connected to the annular buoyancy chamber via a mounting rod. The connection mechanism and the first limiting mechanism are used to fix the hydroelectric generator to the annular buoyancy chamber. The hydroelectric generator continuously generates electricity using water flow power, providing the power required for the operation of the monitoring module, elevator, and flexible protection module. S2: Monitoring and Early Warning: The monitoring module monitors the dynamics of ships in the waters surrounding the bridge piers in real time and identifies potential collision risks; S3: Adaptive Trigger: When the monitoring module detects a collision risk, it sends a trigger signal to the elevator. The elevator rises along the slide rail, causing the annular buoyancy chamber and the flexible protective module nested on its outside to float to the water surface. S4: Flexible Protection: In the event of a ship collision, the flexible protection module adaptively adjusts the buffer strength according to the ship's tonnage and collision speed to weaken the impact force and protect the main body of the bridge pier.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a flexible protection system and method for self-powered and adaptively triggered underwater bridge piers, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The flexible protection system of the bridge pier in the water, which is self-powered and adaptively triggered, improves the identification accuracy of ship collision risks in complex environments through multi-sensor fusion monitoring, and ensures that the protection system is activated in time before a collision occurs, avoiding protection delays.

[0018] 2. The flexible protection system of the underwater bridge pier, which is self-powered and self-adaptive, dynamically adjusts the buffer strength of the protection device according to the actual collision parameters such as ship tonnage and collision speed, thereby improving the adaptability to collisions with ships of different sizes and ensuring the effectiveness of protection.

[0019] 3. The flexible protection system of the bridge pier in the water is self-powered and self-adaptive. Through the design of the liftable structure, the protection device is normally placed underwater and does not occupy the waterway space; when the risk of collision occurs, it rises to the water surface to activate the protection, taking into account both navigation needs and protection safety.

[0020] 4. The flexible protection system of the bridge pier in the water, which is self-powered and adaptively triggered, uses the kinetic energy of water to generate electricity to power the system, thus eliminating the dependence on the external power grid, reducing energy costs and maintenance workload, and improving the applicability of the system in remote waters. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers that is self-powered and adaptively triggered, as proposed in this invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top-view structural diagram of the central annular buoyancy chamber; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A side sectional view of the structure of the mid-arc rack; Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the generator and the mounting rod of China Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Corporation; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of part A in the middle section.

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the transverse cross-sectional structure of the flexible protection module.

[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A longitudinal sectional view of the flexible protection module; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of part B in the middle section.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Main pier; 2. Elevator; 3. Annular buoyancy chamber; 4. Flexible protection module; 5. Slide rail; 6. Monitoring module; 7. Hydroelectric generator; 8. Mounting rod; 9. Rotating rod; 10. Stop bar; 11. Side plate; 12. Threaded rod; 13. Gear; 14. Arc-shaped strip; 15. Arc-shaped rack; 16. Wedge block; 17. Stop block; 18. Fixing ring; 19. Connecting rod; 20. Anti-detachment ring; 21. Locking block; 22. Sliding block; 23. Fixing rod; 24. First spring; 25. 26. Anti-collision plate; 27. Buffer shell; 28. First buffer rod; 29. ​​First buffer block; 30. Hinge block; 31. Second spring; 32. Mounting plate; 33. Buffer gear; 34. Transmission rod; 35. Buffer rack; 36. Second buffer shell; 37. Third spring; 38. Second buffer rod; 39. Second buffer block; 40. Fourth spring; 40. Third buffer block; 401. Hydraulic damping layer; 402. Guide protection layer; 403. Butterfly-shaped first spring assembly; 404. Hydraulic telescopic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figure 1-7 A flexible protection system for a bridge pier in water, characterized by self-powered operation and adaptive triggering, includes a bridge pier body 1, a monitoring module 6, a slide rail 5, a lift 2, a hydroelectric generator 7, and a flexible protection module 4. The monitoring module 6 is fixed to the upper part of the bridge pier body 1. A slide rail 5 is provided on the front side of the bridge pier body 1. The lift 2 is slidably connected to the front side of the slide rail 5. An annular buoyancy chamber 3 is fitted on the outer side of the bridge pier. The flexible protection module 4 is nested on the outer side of the annular buoyancy chamber 3. The hydroelectric generator 7 is located below the annular buoyancy chamber 3. An installation rod 8 is provided above the hydroelectric generator 7. An installation hole is opened on the surface of the annular buoyancy chamber 3 at a position corresponding to the installation rod 8. The installation rod 8 is inserted into the corresponding installation hole. A connecting mechanism is provided between the installation rod 8 and the corresponding hydroelectric generator 7. The installation rod 8 and the hydroelectric generator 7 are limited by the connecting mechanism. A first limiting mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber 3 to limit the movement of the installation rod 8 relative to the installation hole.

[0027] Please see Figure 1-7 The connecting mechanism includes a wedge block 16 and a retaining frame 17. A wedge groove is provided on the lower side wall of the mounting rod 8. The wedge block 16 is engaged with the inner side of the wedge groove. The lower side of the wedge block 16 is fixedly connected to the hydroelectric generator 7. The retaining frame 17 is slidably sleeved on the rod wall of the mounting rod 8. A second limiting mechanism is provided on the rod wall of the mounting rod 8 above the retaining frame 17 to restrict the movement of the retaining frame 17.

[0028] Please see Figure 1-7 The first limiting mechanism includes a stop bar 10 and an arc-shaped bar 14. A rotating rod 9 is rotatably provided on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber 3 and on one side of multiple mounting rods 8. The stop bar 10 is fixedly sleeved on the rod wall of the rotating rod 9. A slot is opened on the upper side wall of the mounting rod 8. One end of the stop bar 10 is engaged with the corresponding slot. An arc-shaped groove is opened on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber 3. The arc-shaped bar 14 is engaged with the inner side of the arc-shaped groove. An arc-shaped rack 15 is fixedly provided on the upper side wall of the arc-shaped bar 14. Gears 13 are fixedly provided on the rod walls of multiple rotating rods 9. The arc-shaped rack 15 meshes with multiple gears 13. A third limiting mechanism for restricting the rotation of the arc-shaped bar 14 is provided on one side of the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber 3. The longitudinal section of the arc-shaped bar 14 and the arc-shaped groove are both T-shaped.

[0029] Please see Figure 1-7The second limiting mechanism includes a fixing ring 18 and a locking block 21. The fixing ring 18 is fixedly sleeved on the middle end of the mounting rod 8. Connecting rods 19 are slidably sleeved on both sides of the fixing ring 18. The lower end of the connecting rod 19 is fixedly connected to the baffle frame 17. A cavity is opened inside the upper end of the connecting rod 19. A slider 22 is slidably arranged inside the cavity. The locking block 21 is fixedly arranged on one side of the slider 22. One end of the locking block 21 extends to the outside of the cavity and abuts against the lower surface of the fixing ring 18. A first spring 24 is fixedly arranged on the side of the slider 22 away from the locking block 21. The other end of the first spring 24 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity. Fixing rods 23 are fixedly arranged on both sides of the cavity. Both sides of the slider 22 are slidably sleeved with the corresponding fixing rods 23. An anti-detachment ring 20 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 19 away from the baffle frame 17.

[0030] Please see Figure 1-7 The third limiting mechanism includes a side plate 11 and a threaded rod 12. The side plate 11 is fixedly installed at the middle of the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber 3. The threaded rod 12 is threadedly sleeved in the middle of the side plate 11. The side wall of the arc-shaped strip 14 is provided with an insertion hole, and one end of the threaded rod 12 is inserted into the insertion hole.

[0031] In summary, the flexible protection system for the underwater bridge pier, which features self-powered and adaptive triggering, is used by inserting the mounting rod 8 into the mounting hole of the annular buoyancy chamber 3, causing the wedge block 16 to engage with the wedge groove of the mounting rod 8, pushing the upper stop frame 17, and the first spring 24 pushing the slider 22 to drive the locking block 21 to abut against the fixing ring 18, thus completing the installation of the hydroelectric generator 7; rotating the arc strip 14, the arc rack 15 drives the gear 13 and the rotating rod 9 to rotate, causing the stop rod 10 to engage with the slot of the mounting rod 8, and tightening the threaded rod 12 inserted into the insertion hole of the arc strip 14 to limit and fix the mounting rod 8; The monitoring module 6 includes a front-end sensing unit and a back-end analysis unit. The front-end sensing units are evenly arranged around the circumference of the main body of the bridge pier 1. Each set of front-end sensing units includes a high-definition infrared camera, a lidar, and a meteorological sensor. The back-end analysis unit is used to fuse sensor data from multiple sets of front-end sensing units to achieve ship tonnage identification, speed calculation, and trajectory fitting, and to send a trigger signal when a collision risk is determined. The front-end sensing unit also includes pressure sensors, displacement sensors, and stress sensors arranged on the outer layer of the flexible protection module 4, used to collect collision data in real time and feed it back to the back-end analysis unit. The flexible protection module 4 has a nested structure, consisting of a hydraulic damping layer 401 and a guide protection layer 402 from the inside out. The hydraulic damping layer 401 is fitted onto the outside of the annular buoyancy chamber 3 and is connected to the annular buoyancy chamber 3 by multiple sets of butterfly-shaped first spring groups 403. Several sets of hydraulic telescopic cylinders 404 are evenly arranged circumferentially inside the hydraulic damping layer 401. Each set of hydraulic telescopic cylinders 404 is equipped with an independent damping adjustment valve and a pressure sensor to achieve three levels of adjustable damping according to the collision pressure. The damping coefficients are 0.5×10³, 1.5×10³, and 3.0×10³ N·s / m, respectively. The hydraulic damping layer 401 is provided with an annular guide rail on its outer side. The guide protection layer 402 is sleeved on the outer side of the hydraulic damping layer 401 and cooperates with the annular guide rail of the hydraulic damping layer through a slider. The main body of the guide protection layer 402 is a polymer honeycomb structure, filled with closed-cell aluminum foam, and the outer side is pasted with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant layer. Its outer wall is an arc-shaped curved surface. The monitoring module 6 identifies the risk of ship collision in real time and sends a trigger signal to the elevator 2. The elevator 2 rises along the rail 5, driving the annular buoyancy chamber 3 and the flexible protection module 4 to float to the water surface. The hydroelectric generator 7 generates electricity using water flow to power the system. When a collision occurs, the flexible protection module 4 adaptively adjusts the buffer strength to weaken the impact force.

[0032] The buffer anti-collision mechanism includes an anti-collision plate 25 and a buffer shell 26. The anti-collision plate 25 is disposed on the inner wall of the flexible protection module 4 away from the elevator 2. The buffer shell 26 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the flexible protection module 4 near the elevator 2. A first buffer block 28 is slidably disposed inside the buffer shell 26. A first buffer rod 27 is fixedly disposed on the side of the first buffer block 28 near the anti-collision plate 25. One end of the first buffer rod 27 extends to the outside of the first buffer shell 26 and is fixedly connected to the anti-collision plate 25. A second spring 30 is fixedly disposed on the side of the first buffer block 28 away from the first buffer rod 27. A second buffer shell 35 is fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the first buffer shell 26. A second buffer block 38 is slidably disposed inside the second buffer shell 35. A second buffer rod 37 is fixedly disposed on the side of the second buffer block 38 away from the anti-collision plate 25. One end of the second buffer rod 37 extends to the outside of the second buffer shell 35 and is fixedly connected to a buffer rack 34. A third spring 36 is fixedly installed on the side of the second buffer block 38 away from the second buffer rod 37. A mounting plate 31 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first buffer shell 26 and behind the rack. A transmission rod 33 is rotatably installed on the front side of the mounting plate 31. A buffer gear 32 is fixedly sleeved at the front end of the transmission rod 33. The buffer gear 32 meshes with the buffer rack 34. A rotating tube is fixedly sleeved at the rear end of the transmission rod 33. A third buffer block 40 is slidably installed inside the rotating tube. A third buffer rod is fixedly installed on the upper side of the third buffer block 40. One end of the third buffer rod is hinged to the anti-collision plate 25 through a hinge block 29. A fourth spring 39 is fixedly installed on the side of the third buffer block 40 away from the third buffer rod.

[0033] When a collision occurs, the impact force acts on the anti-collision plate 25, which simultaneously pushes the first buffer rod 27 and the hinge block 29, triggering a multi-stage composite buffer. The first-level linear buffer anti-collision plate 25 pushes the first buffer rod 27, which in turn drives the first buffer block 28 to compress the second spring 30, directly absorbing most of the linear impact energy.

[0034] The secondary transmission buffer anti-collision plate 25 compresses the fourth spring 39 through the hinge block 29, the third buffer rod, and the third buffer block 40, while driving the rotating tube and the transmission rod 33 to rotate, so that the buffer gear 32 meshes and pushes the buffer rack 34. The rack pushes the second buffer rod 37 and the second buffer block 38 to compress the third spring 36, converting the linear impact into a combination of rotation and linear buffering, further dissipating energy.

[0035] The overall coordinated energy absorption system utilizes three springs—the second spring 30, the third spring 36, and the fourth spring 39—to absorb energy through synchronous deformation. Combined with the damping effect of gear and rack transmission, this achieves multi-directional, large-stroke, and uniform force dissipation, significantly reducing impact force and protecting the main structure of the bridge pier.

[0036] A method for using a flexible protection system for self-powered and adaptively triggered underwater bridge piers, comprising the following steps: S1: System Installation: Connect the hydroelectric generator 7 to the annular buoyancy chamber 3 via the mounting rod 8, and use the connecting mechanism and the first limiting mechanism to fix the hydroelectric generator 7 to the annular buoyancy chamber 3; the hydroelectric generator 7 continuously generates electricity using water flow power to provide the power required for the operation of the monitoring module 6, the elevator 2, and the flexible protection module 4; S2: Monitoring and Early Warning: The monitoring module 6 monitors the dynamics of ships in the waters surrounding the bridge piers in real time and identifies potential collision risks; S3: Adaptive Trigger: When the monitoring module 6 detects a collision risk, it sends a trigger signal to the elevator 2. The elevator 2 rises along the slide rail 5, causing the annular buoyancy chamber 3 and the flexible protective module 4 nested on its outer side to float to the water surface. S4: Flexible protection: When a ship collision occurs, the flexible protection module 4 adaptively adjusts the buffer strength according to the ship's tonnage and collision speed to weaken the impact force and protect the main body of the bridge pier 1.

[0037] The flexible protection phase includes three levels of protection: Level 1 protection: Suitable for small vessels, the 402 guide protection layer absorbs impact through material deformation and curved surface. Secondary protection: Applicable to medium-sized ships, the hydraulic damping layer 401 is adjusted to medium pressure, and the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 404 participates in buffering; Level 3 protection: Applicable to large ships, with hydraulic damping adjusted to 401 knots to high-pressure condition, simultaneously activating alarms and linkage control.

[0038] It should be noted that the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0039] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering, comprising a bridge pier body (1), a monitoring module (6), a slide rail (5), a lift (2), a hydroelectric generator (7), and a flexible protection module (4); characterized in that, The monitoring module (6) is fixed to the upper part of the pier body (1). A slide rail (5) is provided on the front side of the pier body (1). The elevator (2) is slidably connected to the front side of the slide rail (5). An annular buoyancy chamber (3) is sleeved on the outer side of the pier. The flexible protection module (4) is nested on the outer side of the annular buoyancy chamber (3). The hydroelectric generator (7) is located below the annular buoyancy chamber (3). An installation rod (8) is provided above the hydroelectric generator (7). An installation hole is opened on the surface of the annular buoyancy chamber (3) at a position corresponding to the installation rod (8). The installation rod (8) is inserted into the corresponding installation hole. A connection mechanism is provided between the installation rod (8) and the corresponding hydroelectric generator (7). The installation rod (8) and the hydroelectric generator (7) are limited by the connection mechanism. A first limiting mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber (3) to limit the movement of the installation rod (8) relative to the installation hole. A buffer anti-collision mechanism is provided inside the protection module (4).

2. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism includes a wedge block (16) and a retaining frame (17). The lower end side wall of the mounting rod (8) is provided with a wedge groove. The wedge block (16) is engaged with the inner side of the wedge groove. The lower side of the wedge block (16) is fixedly connected to the hydroelectric generator (7). The retaining frame (17) is slidably sleeved on the rod wall of the mounting rod (8). The rod wall of the mounting rod (8) and above the retaining frame (17) is provided with a second limiting mechanism to restrict the movement of the retaining frame (17).

3. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first limiting mechanism includes a stop bar (10) and an arc bar (14). A rotating rod (9) is rotatably provided on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber (3) and on one side of the plurality of mounting rods (8). The stop bar (10) is fixedly sleeved on the rod wall of the rotating rod (9). A slot is provided on the upper side wall of the mounting rod (8). One end of the stop bar (10) is engaged with the corresponding slot. An arc groove is provided on the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber (3). The arc bar (14) is engaged with the inner side of the arc groove. An arc rack (15) is fixedly provided on the upper side wall of the arc bar (14). A gear (13) is fixedly provided on the rod wall of the plurality of rotating rods (9). The arc rack (15) meshes with the plurality of gears (13). A third limiting mechanism for restricting the rotation of the arc bar (14) is provided on one side of the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber (3).

4. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second limiting mechanism includes a fixing ring (18) and a locking block (21). The fixing ring (18) is fixedly sleeved on the middle end of the mounting rod (8). Connecting rods (19) are slidably sleeved on both sides of the fixing ring (18). The lower end of the connecting rod (19) is fixedly connected to the baffle (17). A cavity is opened inside the upper end of the connecting rod (19). A slider (22) is slidably arranged inside the cavity. The locking block (21) is fixedly arranged on one side of the slider (22). One end of the locking block (21) extends to the outside of the cavity and abuts against the lower surface of the fixing ring (18). A first spring (24) is fixedly arranged on the side of the slider (22) away from the locking block (21). The other end of the first spring (24) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity.

5. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The third limiting mechanism includes a side plate (11) and a threaded rod (12). The side plate (11) is fixedly installed at the middle of the upper surface of the annular buoyancy chamber (3). The threaded rod (12) is threadedly sleeved in the middle of the side plate (11). The side wall of the arc-shaped strip (14) is provided with an insertion hole. One end of the threaded rod (12) is inserted into the insertion hole. The longitudinal section of the arc-shaped strip (14) and the arc-shaped groove are both T-shaped.

6. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Both sides of the cavity are fixedly provided with fixing rods (23), and both sides of the slider (22) are slidably sleeved with the corresponding fixing rods (23). The end of the connecting rod (19) away from the baffle (17) is fixedly connected with an anti-detachment ring (20).

7. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring module (6) includes a front-end sensing unit and a back-end analysis unit. The front-end sensing units are evenly arranged around the circumference of the pier body (1). Each set of front-end sensing units includes a high-definition infrared camera, a lidar and a meteorological sensor. The back-end analysis unit is used to fuse sensor data from multiple sets of front-end sensing units to realize ship tonnage identification, navigation speed calculation and trajectory fitting, and to send a trigger signal when a collision risk is determined. The front-end sensing unit also includes a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor and a stress sensor arranged on the outer layer of the flexible protection module (4) to collect collision data in real time and feed it back to the back-end analysis unit.

8. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer anti-collision mechanism consists of an anti-collision plate (25) and a buffer shell (26). The anti-collision plate (25) is disposed on the inner wall of the flexible protection module (4) away from the elevator (2). The buffer shell (26) is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the flexible protection module (4) near the elevator (2). A first buffer block (28) is slidably disposed inside the buffer shell (26). A first buffer rod (27) is fixedly disposed on the side of the first buffer block (28) near the anti-collision plate (25). One end of the first buffer rod (27) extends to the outside of the first buffer shell (26) and is fixedly connected to the anti-collision plate (25). A second spring (30) is fixedly disposed on the side of the first buffer block (28) away from the first buffer rod (27). A second buffer shell (35) is fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the first buffer shell (26). A second buffer block (38) is slidably disposed inside the second buffer shell (35). A second buffer rod is fixedly disposed on the side of the second buffer block (38) away from the anti-collision plate (25). (37), one end of the second buffer rod (37) extends to the outside of the second buffer shell (35) and is fixedly connected to the buffer rack (34). The second buffer block (38) is fixedly provided with a third spring (36) on the side away from the second buffer rod (37). The upper surface of the first buffer shell (26) and the rear side of the rack is fixedly provided with a mounting plate (31). The front side of the mounting plate (31) is rotatably provided with a transmission rod (33). The front end of the transmission rod (33) is fixedly sleeved with a buffer gear (32). The buffer gear (32) meshes with the buffer rack (34). The rear end of the transmission rod (33) is fixedly sleeved with a rotating tube. The inside of the rotating tube is slidably provided with a third buffer block (40). The upper side of the third buffer block (40) is fixedly provided with a third buffer rod. One end of the third buffer rod is hinged to the anti-collision plate (25) through a hinge block (29). The side of the third buffer block (40) away from the third buffer rod is fixedly provided with a fourth spring (39).

9. The flexible protection system for underwater bridge piers with self-powered and adaptive triggering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible protection module (4) is a nested structure, consisting of a hydraulic damping layer (401) and a guide protection layer (402) from the inside out. The hydraulic damping layer (401) is fitted onto the outside of the annular buoyancy chamber (3) and is connected to the annular buoyancy chamber (3) by multiple sets of butterfly first spring groups (403). Several sets of hydraulic telescopic cylinders (404) are evenly arranged circumferentially inside the hydraulic damping layer (401). Each set of hydraulic telescopic cylinders (404) is equipped with an independent damping adjustment valve and pressure sensor to achieve three-level damping adjustment according to the collision pressure. An annular guide slide rail is provided on the outside of the hydraulic damping layer (401). The guide protection layer (402) is fitted onto the outside of the hydraulic damping layer (401) and cooperates with the annular guide slide rail of the hydraulic damping layer through a slider. The main body of the guide protection layer (402) is a polymer honeycomb structure, filled with closed-cell aluminum foam, and a wear-resistant layer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is pasted on the outside. Its outer wall is an arc-shaped curved surface.

10. A method of using a flexible protection system for self-powered and adaptively triggered underwater bridge piers, comprising using the flexible protection system for self-powered and adaptively triggered underwater bridge piers as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: System Installation: Connect the hydroelectric generator (7) to the annular buoyancy chamber (3) via the mounting rod (8), and use the connecting mechanism and the first limiting mechanism to fix the hydroelectric generator (7) to the annular buoyancy chamber (3); the hydroelectric generator (7) continuously generates electricity using water flow power to provide the power required for the operation of the monitoring module (6), the elevator (2) and the flexible protection module (4); S2: Monitoring and early warning: The monitoring module (6) monitors the dynamics of ships in the waters around the bridge pier in real time and identifies potential collision risks; S3: Adaptive triggering: When the monitoring module (6) identifies a collision risk, it sends a trigger signal to the elevator (2), and the elevator (2) rises along the slide rail (5), causing the annular buoyancy chamber (3) and the flexible protective module (4) nested on its outer side to float to the water surface; S4: Flexible protection: When a ship collision occurs, the flexible protection module (4) adaptively adjusts the buffer strength according to the ship's tonnage and collision speed to weaken the impact force and protect the main body of the pier (1).

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