Battery management communication systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media

Abstract

The application provides a battery management communication system, method, device and computer readable storage medium. The battery management communication system comprises a battery system general controller, at least one battery cluster master controller, at least one battery module controller, a direct-current power supply bus and a plurality of power carrier communication modules. The direct-current power supply bus is configured to provide working power supply for the battery system general controller, the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller. The battery system general controller, each battery cluster master controller and each battery module controller are respectively connected to one power carrier communication module, and each power carrier communication module is electrically connected to the direct-current power supply bus. The power carrier communication module is configured to take the direct-current power supply bus as a communication medium to perform power carrier communication between the battery system general controller, the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller. The application realizes simplified wiring and operation and maintenance efficiency improvement through multiplexing of the power supply bus carrier communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery management system technology, and more specifically, to a battery management communication system, method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of battery management, communication between controllers in a BMS (Battery Management System) typically uses Ethernet or CAN for independent communication. Since Ethernet requires additional network cables and communication interfaces, multiple lines need to be laid out in parallel, resulting in complex internal wiring, high costs, frequent faults, and difficult maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.

[0004] Therefore, the first aspect of this application proposes a battery management communication system.

[0005] The second aspect of this application proposes a battery management communication method.

[0006] A third aspect of this application proposes a battery management communication device.

[0007] The fourth aspect of this application proposes a computer-readable storage medium.

[0008] The fifth aspect of this application proposes a computer program product.

[0009] In view of the above, the first aspect of this application provides a battery management communication system, including a battery system master controller, at least one battery cluster master controller, at least one battery module controller, a DC power supply bus, and multiple power line carrier communication modules. The DC power supply bus is configured to provide operating power to the battery system master controller, the battery cluster master controller, and the battery module controller. The battery system master controller, each battery cluster master controller, and each battery module controller are respectively connected to a power line carrier communication module, and each power line carrier communication module is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus. The power line carrier communication modules are configured to use the DC power supply bus as a communication medium to perform power line carrier communication between the battery system master controller, the battery cluster master controller, and the battery module controller.

[0010] This application eliminates the need for independently deployed Ethernet and Controller Area Network (CAN) communication lines in a Battery Management System (BMS) by configuring each controller with a power line carrier communication module electrically connected to the DC power supply bus, and by using the DC power supply bus simultaneously as both a power source and a communication medium. The battery system master controller, at least one battery cluster master controller, and at least one battery module controller collectively define the system's three-tiered control architecture, which is the basic control topology of the BMS. The battery system master controller is responsible for system-level energy scheduling and status aggregation; the battery cluster master controller is responsible for cluster-level charge / discharge control and intra-cluster communication management; and the battery module controller is responsible for the lowest-level acquisition of individual cell voltage and temperature.

[0011] The DC power supply bus configuration, providing operating power to the battery system master controller, battery cluster master controller, and battery module controller, is the fundamental physical condition for achieving the technical effects of this application. The DC power supply bus arranged in this application provides a unified power supply loop for all controllers, ensuring that the system physically has only one (or a set of parallel) power supply buses, thus creating a prerequisite for subsequent multiplexing of communication signals on the same physical medium. In one technical solution, the DC power supply bus can specifically use parallel copper core wires with a cross-sectional area of ​​2.5 mm², powered by a 24V DC power supply with a rated power of 600 watts, ensuring that the voltage drop at the end of the line does not exceed 0.5V under full load, thereby providing a stable operating power supply for all controllers.

[0012] Multiple power line communication (PLC) modules are connected to the battery system master controller, each battery cluster main controller, and each battery module controller, defining the correspondence between the PLC modules and controllers. The hardware functions of power line communication (PLC), such as modulation, demodulation, and coupling, are integrated into each controller as independent modules or circuits, enabling each controller to communicate via the power line from the factory. Therefore, this distributed modular design avoids the need for centralized communication coupling devices on the power supply bus, reducing the difficulty of system expansion or reduction. When adding a new battery cluster main controller or battery module controller, simply connect the new controller to the DC power supply bus and equip it with a PLC module; it will automatically join the communication network without the need for laying any additional communication cables.

[0013] The key to achieving physical coupling of communication signals lies in the electrical connection of each power line carrier communication module to the DC power supply bus. The high-frequency signal coupling terminals of all power line carrier communication modules are connected in parallel to the same DC power supply bus, which serves as both the DC power supply energy transmission channel and the high-frequency carrier signal transmission channel. This connection method allows communication between any two controllers to directly reach each other through this shared bus without the need for intermediate nodes to store and forward, thus ensuring low communication latency and meeting the stringent requirements of the battery management system for real-time monitoring of status data and control response.

[0014] The power line carrier communication module is configured to use a DC power supply bus as the communication medium for power line carrier communication between the battery system master controller, battery cluster master controller, and battery module controller. This simplifies the wiring structure and reduces wiring difficulty, as the DC power supply bus serves as both a power line and a communication line. Since the communication and power supply media are combined, the system eliminates the need for separate Ethernet and CAN communication lines; only a single 24V power supply bus is required for wiring. Specifically, for a typical energy storage system containing one battery system master controller, ten battery cluster master controllers, and forty battery module controllers, this system requires only one power supply bus running through all controllers, significantly reducing cable usage, greatly shortening wiring time, and also reducing the space occupied within the cabinet.

[0015] This application configures the power line carrier communication module to use a DC power supply bus as the communication medium, which can correspondingly reduce costs. It eliminates the need to purchase additional Ethernet RJ45 connectors, Ethernet transformers, CAN transceiver chips, CAN bus connectors, and their corresponding shielded communication cables, as well as the labor costs for cutting, crimping, and wiring these cables. Both the bill of materials and construction costs are reduced to a certain extent. It also improves communication stability and reduces potential failure points. This application eliminates most of the physical communication interfaces, reducing the communication link from multiple cables to a single shared bus, significantly decreasing the number of physical connection points and consequently reducing communication interruptions caused by poor contact or cable breakage. Furthermore, the power supply bus has a thicker wire diameter than the communication cables, resulting in higher mechanical strength and stronger wear resistance, further improving communication reliability. When a communication failure occurs, maintenance personnel no longer need to manually unplug and plug dozens of Ethernet and CAN communication cables in dense cable trays; they only need to focus on checking the continuity of the DC power supply bus and the indicator lights on the power line carrier communication modules of each controller to quickly locate the fault, significantly improving troubleshooting efficiency.

[0016] In some technical solutions of this application, the DC power supply bus is a 24V DC power supply bus.

[0017] In the above technical solution, using a 24V DC power supply bus offers the following technical advantages. First, 24V is the industrial standard voltage for powering controllers in industrial energy storage systems, communication base station backup power supplies, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. The industry chain is mature, with a wide selection of switching power supply modules and DC-DC converters, allowing system designers to easily obtain highly reliable and low-cost power supply solutions. Second, 24V falls within the Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) range, ensuring no electric shock even if maintenance personnel accidentally touch the conductors of the DC power supply bus, thus improving system operation and maintenance safety. Third, the power supply noise superimposed on the 24V DC power supply bus is primarily concentrated in the low-frequency band, providing natural spectral isolation from the 1MHz to 10MHz high-frequency carrier signals used in power line communication. This facilitates effective separation of the high-frequency carrier signal from the power supply ripple at the receiving end using a high-pass filter, thereby improving the communication signal-to-noise ratio and communication stability.

[0018] In some technical solutions of this application, the power line carrier communication module includes: a modulation unit, a demodulation unit, and a coupling unit; both the modulation unit and the demodulation unit are connected to the coupling unit, and the coupling unit is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus; the modulation unit is used to modulate the digital communication signal into a high-frequency carrier signal; the demodulation unit is used to extract the high-frequency carrier signal from the DC power supply bus through the coupling unit and demodulate it into a digital communication signal; the coupling unit is used to couple the high-frequency carrier signal to the DC power supply bus.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the power line carrier communication module is divided into three functionally distinct units: a modulation unit, a demodulation unit, and a coupling unit. Each unit undertakes different technical functions and produces corresponding technical effects. The modulation unit transforms the low-frequency digital communication signal output by the controller's core processor into a high-frequency carrier signal with a spectrum concentrated in the 1MHz to 10MHz range. This frequency conversion effectively avoids the low-frequency region where power supply ripple is located on the DC power supply bus, preventing the high-frequency carrier signal from being submerged by power supply noise and solving the problem of signal-to-noise separation on the DC power supply bus. The demodulation unit accurately filters out and demodulates the weak high-frequency carrier signal from the mixed transmission environment of the DC power supply bus, which simultaneously contains 24V DC components, power supply ripple, and high-frequency carrier signals, restoring it to a digital communication signal that the microcontroller can recognize. The coupling unit bridges the gap between the modulation / demodulation circuit and the high-voltage DC power supply bus, ensuring that while injecting and picking up the high-frequency carrier signal, 24V DC voltage does not enter the modulation / demodulation circuit and damage low-voltage devices. Both the modulation unit and the demodulation unit are connected to the coupling unit, which is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus. The technical advantage of this connection is that the modulation unit and the demodulation unit can share the same coupling unit, which reduces the number of physical connection points with the DC power supply bus, simplifies the layout and wiring of the controller circuit board, and reduces hardware costs.

[0020] In some technical solutions of this application, the coupling unit includes an isolation coupling transformer configured to isolate the DC voltage on the DC power supply bus from the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the coupling unit includes an isolation coupling transformer, which is configured to isolate the DC voltage on the DC power supply bus from the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0022] By utilizing the physical characteristic of the isolation coupling transformer that "passes AC and blocks DC", the 24V DC voltage is strictly isolated from the modulation and demodulation circuit, allowing the modulation and demodulation circuit to operate entirely in the low-voltage digital domain. This eliminates the need for high-voltage protection circuits, simplifying circuit design and improving safety.

[0023] The isolation coupling transformer can prevent high-frequency carrier signals from penetrating into the controller through the power supply circuit, thus avoiding interference from the controller's analog signal acquisition circuit and ensuring the accuracy of battery status monitoring data such as cell voltage and temperature.

[0024] The isolation coupling transformer provides a certain degree of common-mode noise suppression capability, which can effectively suppress common-mode interference caused by high-current switching on the DC power supply bus and improve communication stability.

[0025] In some of the technical solutions of this application, the frequency range of the high-frequency carrier signal is 1MHz to 10MHz.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the frequency range of the high-frequency carrier signal is limited to 1MHz to 10MHz. This frequency range selection has the following technical effects, which have been repeatedly verified through experiments: The 1MHz to 10MHz frequency band is significantly higher than the tens of kilohertz region on DC power supply lines where electromagnetic interference generated by switching power supplies and inverters is mainly concentrated. The high-frequency carrier signal can effectively separate from power supply noise by utilizing spectrum resources, and the receiving end can filter out low-frequency interference through filters to obtain a higher communication signal-to-noise ratio.

[0027] Within the 1MHz to 10MHz range, the transmission attenuation constant of high-frequency carrier signals on ordinary parallel copper wires is moderate. For transmission distances of tens of meters inside large energy storage containers, the receiving end can still detect high-frequency carrier signals with sufficient amplitude, eliminating the need to add repeater amplifiers in the middle of the line and keeping the system structure simple.

[0028] The 1MHz to 10MHz frequency band has a longer wavelength, better diffraction capability, and is less sensitive to impedance changes at discontinuities such as connectors and branch nodes. Signal reflection and standing wave phenomena are weaker, resulting in stable communication quality. The 1MHz to 10MHz band falls in the lower part of the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), with limited radiated energy, resulting in less electromagnetic interference to other electronic equipment and easier passage of industry electromagnetic compatibility tests. In one technical solution, the center frequency of the high-frequency carrier signal is selected as 5MHz. The half-wavelength corresponding to 5MHz propagates approximately 20 meters in a copper conductor, which is on the same order of magnitude as the typical spacing between the battery cluster main controller and the signal. This allows for optimization of transmission line effects by adjusting the termination matching resistor, achieving efficient transmission of the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0029] In some technical solutions of this application, the battery system master controller is configured as the master station, and the battery cluster master controller is configured as the slave station; the battery cluster master controller is also configured as a lower-level master station, and the battery module controller is configured as a lower-level slave station.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the battery system master controller is configured as the master station, the battery cluster master controller is configured as the slave station, and the battery cluster master controller is also configured as the lower-level master station, and the battery module controller is configured as the lower-level slave station.

[0031] The battery system master controller acts as the master station, the battery cluster master controllers as slave stations, the battery cluster master controllers as subordinate master stations, and the battery module controllers as subordinate slave stations, constructing a strictly ordered communication hierarchy. This avoids communication conflicts and network storms that could occur if all controllers freely compete for the DC power supply bus on the same plane. The entire communication system is clearly divided into upper-level and lower-level communication domains. The battery system master controller only needs to manage a limited number of battery cluster master controllers, and each battery cluster master controller independently manages its subordinate battery module controllers. This makes the scale of the communication network controllable and greatly simplifies the communication protocol stack.

[0032] This hierarchical structure naturally aligns with the physical grouping and electrical structure of the battery system. Physically, a battery cluster is an independent battery unit. Battery module status data within a cluster should primarily be processed within the cluster itself, rather than flooding the upper-level bus. By configuring the battery cluster master controller as a lower-level master station and the battery module controllers as lower-level slave stations, communication within the battery cluster is confined to the cluster's scope. Only after the battery cluster master controller has completed data aggregation and processing will the results be reported to the battery system master controller. This significantly reduces the communication processing load on the battery system master controller, allowing it to allocate more computing resources to system-level strategy calculations and fault diagnosis.

[0033] In some technical solutions of this application, the battery system master controller is configured to receive battery cluster status data sent by the battery cluster master controller; the battery cluster master controller is configured to receive battery module status data sent by the battery module controller.

[0034] In the above technical solution, the battery system master controller is configured to receive battery cluster status data sent by the battery cluster master controller, and the battery cluster master controller is configured to receive battery module status data sent by the battery module controller. This configuration clearly defines the bottom-up data aggregation channel and data content boundaries. Each level only processes and transmits data with an aggregation level that matches the decision requirements of that level, avoiding unnecessary full transmission and repeated storage of battery module status data throughout the system. Battery module status data includes the voltage and temperature values ​​of each battery cell. The data volume is huge and the refresh frequency is high. If it were directly uploaded to the battery system master controller, it would consume a large amount of DC power supply bus communication bandwidth and processor interrupt resources. By receiving and processing battery module status data only at the battery cluster master controller level, the battery cluster master controller can complete low-level functions with high real-time requirements, such as cell equalization judgment and cell over / under voltage alarm, within the battery cluster, and only report the refined battery cluster status data to the battery system master controller. Battery cluster status data is a summary and refinement of battery module status data, including total cluster voltage, total cluster current, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), highest individual cell voltage and location, and lowest individual cell voltage and location. This mechanism balances the real-time nature of lower-level management with the global scope of upper-level scheduling, achieving optimized allocation of communication and computing resources.

[0035] In some technical solutions of this application, the battery management communication system is configured to use frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods for communication links between different levels of controllers.

[0036] In the above technical solution, the battery management communication system is configured to use frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods to communication links between different levels of controllers. This technical feature is used to solve the signal conflict problem that inevitably occurs when all communication links share the same DC power supply bus. Non-overlapping carrier frequencies are allocated to the upper-level communication links between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and to the lower-level communication links between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller, allowing communication between the upper-level and lower-level communication links to proceed simultaneously without blocking each other. The demodulation unit at the receiving end locks its own dedicated carrier frequency through an internal bandpass filter, naturally suppressing signals from carrier frequencies other than those of its own link. This achieves simultaneous concurrent multi-channel communication at the physical layer, significantly improving the system's real-time throughput. The advantage of using time division multiplexing is that it divides the communication time into multiple communication time periods, with each communication time period allowing only one specific pair of communicating parties to use the DC power supply bus. This method ensures that there is only one set of carrier signals on the DC power supply bus at any given time, completely avoiding signal conflicts in the time dimension. It also has low requirements for the frequency accuracy of the modulation and demodulation circuit, is simple to implement in hardware, and has a greater cost advantage.

[0037] The second aspect of this application provides a battery management communication method, applied to a battery management communication system as described in any of the above technical solutions. The battery management communication method includes: providing operating power to the battery system master controller, battery cluster master controller, and battery module controller via a DC power supply bus; when adjacent controllers communicate with each other, the sending power line carrier communication module modulates the communication signal to be transmitted into a carrier signal and couples it to the DC power supply bus, wherein the adjacent controllers include the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, or include the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller; the receiving power line carrier communication module extracts the carrier signal from the DC power supply bus and demodulates the communication signal to perform power line carrier communication between adjacent controllers via the DC power supply bus; and using frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods to the communication link between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and the communication link between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller.

[0038] In the above technical solution, each step of the battery management communication method produces corresponding technical effects, which together constitute a complete solution. First, a DC power supply bus provides operating power to the battery system master controller, battery cluster master controller, and battery module controller. This ensures that all controllers obtain a stable operating voltage from the same power bus upon power-up, allowing the system to enter a communicable state. This lays the physical foundation for communication using multiple power supply lines, eliminating the need for any independent Ethernet power supply or additional power lines in subsequent communication steps. Second, when controllers at adjacent levels communicate, the sending power line carrier communication module modulates the communication signal to be transmitted into a carrier signal and couples it to the DC power supply bus. The receiving power line carrier communication module extracts the carrier signal from the DC power supply bus and demodulates the communication signal. This clarifies the entire process of sending, transmitting, and receiving communication via the DC power supply bus. The technical effect is that by using the DC power supply bus as the communication medium, the communication signal and the power supply current share the same physical line, achieving physical integration of power supply and communication, and completely eliminating the need for independently laid Ethernet communication lines and controller area network communication lines. The "sender's power line carrier communication module" performs "modulation" and "coupling," while the "receiver's power line carrier communication module" performs "extraction" and "demodulation." This set of corresponding operations enables transparent transmission of communication signals on the DC power supply bus. For upper-layer application software, this allows for smooth porting of existing application programming interfaces based on controller area networks or Ethernet. The restriction of "adjacent level controllers" strictly limits the communicating parties to the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, or the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller, prohibiting cross-level communication. This ensures a strict tree structure in the network topology, simplifies routing management, avoids communication loops, and enhances the logical clarity and manageability of the communication network. Finally, the technical effect of the step "using frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods to the communication links between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller" is that it establishes non-overlapping channel resources for communication links at different levels in terms of frequency or time, effectively avoiding the signal conflict problem that inevitably occurs when all communication links share the same DC power supply bus. When using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), the communication links between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller, can operate concurrently without blocking each other, significantly improving the system's real-time throughput. When using time division multiplexing (TDM), only one carrier signal is on the DC power supply bus at any given time, completely avoiding signal conflicts in the time dimension. This reduces the frequency accuracy requirements of the modulation and demodulation circuit, simplifies hardware implementation, and offers a cost advantage.Combining the technical effects of the above steps, this battery management communication method defines the system architecture, communication medium, and operation method as a whole, enabling all data interaction between controllers at all levels within the battery management system to be achieved solely through the existing DC power supply bus without the need to lay independent communication cables. This achieves a comprehensive set of beneficial effects, including simplified wiring structure, reduced hardware and construction costs, fewer failure points, improved communication stability, and easier maintenance.

[0039] A third aspect of this application provides a battery management communication device, comprising: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the battery management communication method as described above. Therefore, the battery management communication device described above possesses all the beneficial effects of the battery management communication method as described above.

[0040] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the battery management communication method as described above. Therefore, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium possesses all the beneficial effects of the battery management communication method as described above.

[0041] The fifth aspect of this application provides a computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery management communication method as described above. Therefore, the aforementioned computer program product possesses all the beneficial effects of the battery management communication method described above.

[0042] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0044] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of a battery management communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 This is one of the partial connection diagrams of a battery management communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a second partial connection diagram of a battery management communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 4This is a partial connection diagram of a battery management communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a partial connection diagram of a battery management communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a partial connection diagram of a battery management communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of a battery management communication method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic block diagram of a battery management communication device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure label:

[0053] 100 Battery Management Communication System, BAMU Battery System Main Controller, BCMU Battery Cluster Main Controller, BMU Battery Module Controller, 110 DC Power Supply Bus, 120 Power Line Carrier Communication Module, 122 Modulation Unit, 124 Demodulation Unit, 126 Coupling Unit, 128 Isolation Coupling Transformer. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0055] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0056] The following reference Figures 1 to 8 This application describes a battery management communication system, method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0057] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a battery management communication system 100, including a battery system master controller (BAMU), at least one battery cluster master controller (BCMU), at least one battery module controller (BMU), a DC power supply bus 110, and multiple power line carrier communication modules 120. The DC power supply bus 110 is configured to provide operating power to the battery system master controller (BAMU), the battery cluster master controller (BCMU), and the battery module controller (BMU). The battery system master controller (BAMU), each battery cluster master controller (BCMU), and each battery module controller (BMU) are respectively connected to a power line carrier communication module 120, and each power line carrier communication module 120 is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus 110. The power line carrier communication modules 120 are configured to use the DC power supply bus 110 as a communication medium to perform power line carrier communication between the battery system master controller (BAMU), the battery cluster master controller (BCMU), and the battery module controller (BMU).

[0058] This application eliminates the need for independently deployed Ethernet and Controller Area Network (CAN) communication lines in the Battery Management System (BMS) by configuring each controller with a power line carrier communication module 120 electrically connected to the DC power supply bus 110, and by using the DC power supply bus 110 as both a power source and a communication medium. The Battery System Master Controller (BAMU), at least one Battery Cluster Master Controller (BCMU), and at least one Battery Module Controller (BMU) together define the three-level control architecture of the system, which is the basic control topology of the BMS. The BAMU is responsible for system-level energy scheduling and status aggregation, the BCMU is responsible for cluster-level charge and discharge control and intra-cluster communication management, and the BMU is responsible for the lowest-level individual cell voltage and temperature acquisition.

[0059] The DC power supply bus 110, configured to provide operating power to the Battery System Main Controller (BAMU), Battery Cluster Main Controller (BCMU), and Battery Module Controller (BMU), is the fundamental physical condition for achieving the technical effects of this application. The DC power supply bus 110 arranged in this application provides a unified power supply loop for all controllers, ensuring that the system physically has only one (or a set of parallel) power supply buses, thus creating a prerequisite for subsequent multiplexing of communication signals on the same physical medium. In one embodiment, the DC power supply bus 110 can specifically use parallel copper core wires with a cross-sectional area of ​​2.5 mm², powered by a 24-volt DC power supply with a rated power of 600 watts, ensuring that the voltage drop at the end of the line does not exceed 0.5 volts under full load, thereby providing a stable operating power supply for all controllers.

[0060] Multiple power line communication modules 120 are connected to the battery system master controller (BAMU), each battery cluster master controller (BCMU), and each battery module controller (BMU), defining the correspondence between the power line communication modules 120 and the controllers. The hardware functions of power line communication (PLC), such as modulation, demodulation, and coupling, are integrated into each controller as independent modules or circuits, enabling each controller to communicate via the power line from the factory. Therefore, this distributed modular design avoids the need for centralized communication coupling devices on the power supply bus, reducing the difficulty of system expansion or reduction. When a new battery cluster master controller (BCMU) or battery module controller (BMU) needs to be added, simply connect the new controller to the DC power supply bus 110 and equip it with a power line communication module 120; it will automatically join the communication network without the need for laying any additional communication cables.

[0061] The electrical connection of each power line carrier communication module 120 to the DC power supply bus 110 is crucial for achieving physical coupling of communication signals. The high-frequency signal coupling terminals of all power line carrier communication modules 120 are connected in parallel to the same DC power supply bus 110. This bus serves as both the DC power supply energy transmission channel and the high-frequency carrier signal transmission channel. This connection method allows communication between any two controllers to directly reach each other through this shared bus without the need for intermediate nodes to store and forward data, thus ensuring low communication latency and meeting the stringent requirements of the battery management system for real-time monitoring of status data and control response.

[0062] The power line carrier communication module 120 is configured to use the DC power supply bus 110 as the communication medium for power line carrier communication between the battery system master controller (BAMU), battery cluster master controller (BCMU), and battery module controller (BMU). This configuration simplifies the wiring structure and reduces wiring difficulty, as the communication and power supply media are integrated. Since the system eliminates the need for separate Ethernet and CAN communication lines, only a single 24V power supply bus is required for wiring. Specifically, for a typical energy storage system containing one battery system master controller (BAMU), ten battery cluster master controllers (BCMU), and forty battery module controllers (BMU), this system requires only one power supply bus running through all controllers, significantly reducing cable usage, wiring time, and cabinet space requirements.

[0063] This application's power line carrier communication module 120 is configured to use a DC power supply bus 110 as the communication medium, which can correspondingly reduce costs. It eliminates the need for additional purchases of Ethernet RJ45 connectors, Ethernet transformers, CAN transceiver chips, CAN bus connectors, and their corresponding shielded communication cables, as well as the labor costs for cutting, crimping, and wiring these cables. Both the bill of materials and construction costs are reduced to a certain extent. Simultaneously, it improves communication stability and reduces failure points. This application eliminates most of the physical communication interfaces, reducing the communication link from multiple cables to a single shared bus, significantly decreasing the number of physical connection points and consequently reducing communication interruptions caused by poor contact or cable breakage. Furthermore, the power supply bus has a thicker wire diameter than the communication cables, resulting in higher mechanical strength and stronger wear resistance, further improving communication reliability. Moreover, when a communication failure occurs, maintenance personnel no longer need to manually unplug and plug dozens of Ethernet and CAN communication cables in dense cable trays; they only need to focus on checking whether the DC power supply bus 110 is conductive and whether the indicator lights of the power line carrier communication module 120 on each controller are normal to quickly locate the fault point, significantly improving troubleshooting efficiency.

[0064] The above-mentioned solution in this application revolves around the design of "using DC power supply bus 110 as communication medium", which can overcome the problems of complex wiring, high cost, high failure rate and inconvenient maintenance to a certain extent.

[0065] In one embodiment, the DC power supply bus 110 is not limited to a specific voltage and can also be a 48V DC power supply bus 110. In this case, the coupling unit 126 of the power line carrier communication module 120 adopts a coupling capacitor and transformer winding insulation design with higher voltage resistance to adapt to 48V DC bias.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, the DC power supply bus 110 is a 24V DC power supply bus.

[0067] In the above embodiments, the 24V DC power supply bus 110 has the following technical advantages. First, 24V is the industrial standard voltage for powering controllers in industrial energy storage systems, communication base station backup power supplies, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. The industry chain is mature, with a wide selection of switching power supply modules and DC-DC converters, allowing system designers to easily obtain highly reliable and low-cost power supply solutions. Second, 24V falls within the safety extra-low voltage (SELV) range, meaning that even if maintenance personnel accidentally touch the conductors of the DC power supply bus 110, no electric shock will occur, improving the safety of system operation and maintenance. Third, the power supply noise superimposed on the 24V DC power supply bus is mainly concentrated in the low-frequency band, providing natural spectral isolation from the 1MHz to 10MHz high-frequency carrier signals used in power line carrier communication. This facilitates the effective separation of high-frequency carrier signals from power supply ripple at the receiving end using a high-pass filter, thereby improving the communication signal-to-noise ratio and communication stability.

[0068] In one embodiment, the 24V DC power supply bus is powered by two sets of parallel 24V / 300W rail-mounted switching power supply modules. The two power supplies are redundantly connected in parallel through an ideal diode controller. When one power supply fails, the other can uninterruptedly bear the entire load power, and the power supply reliability reaches more than 99.99%.

[0069] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the power line carrier communication module 120 includes: a modulation unit 122, a demodulation unit 124, and a coupling unit 126; both the modulation unit 122 and the demodulation unit 124 are connected to the coupling unit 126, and the coupling unit 126 is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus 110; the modulation unit 122 is used to modulate the digital communication signal into a high-frequency carrier signal; the demodulation unit 124 is used to extract the high-frequency carrier signal from the DC power supply bus 110 through the coupling unit 126 and demodulate it into a digital communication signal; the coupling unit 126 is used to couple the high-frequency carrier signal to the DC power supply bus 110.

[0070] In the above embodiment, the power line carrier communication module 120 is divided into three functionally distinct units: a modulation unit 122, a demodulation unit 124, and a coupling unit 126. Each unit undertakes different technical functions and produces corresponding technical effects. The technical effect of the modulation unit 122 is that it transforms the low-frequency digital communication signal output by the controller core processor into a high-frequency carrier signal with a spectrum concentrated in the range of 1MHz to 10MHz. This frequency transformation allows the communication signal to effectively avoid the low-frequency region where the power supply ripple is located on the DC power supply bus 110, preventing the high-frequency carrier signal from being submerged by power supply noise, and solving the problem of signal-to-noise separation on the DC power supply bus. The technical effect of the demodulation unit 124 is that it can accurately filter out and demodulate the weak high-frequency carrier signal from the mixed transmission environment of the DC power supply bus 110, which simultaneously contains 24V DC components, power supply ripple, and high-frequency carrier signals, and restore it into a digital communication signal that the microcontroller can recognize. The technical advantage of coupling unit 126 is that it bridges the gap between the modulation / demodulation circuit and the high-voltage DC power supply bus 110. While injecting and picking up the high-frequency carrier signal, it ensures that 24V DC voltage will not enter the modulation / demodulation circuit and damage low-voltage components. Both modulation unit 122 and demodulation unit 124 are connected to coupling unit 126, which is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus 110. The advantage of this connection is that modulation unit 122 and demodulation unit 124 can share the same coupling unit 126, reducing the number of physical connection points with the DC power supply bus 110, simplifying the layout and wiring of the controller circuit board, and lowering hardware costs.

[0071] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The arrows in the diagram represent the transmission of various signals, such as electrical signals, between modules or between hardware components. Arrows can indicate unidirectional or bidirectional data transmission. In addition, line segments and arrows can not only indicate direct connections between modules, but also the coupling relationships between modules. Other devices, modules, and all related components can be included along the line.

[0072] In one embodiment, the modulation unit 122 and demodulation unit 124 are integrated into the same power line carrier communication chip, and the coupling unit 126 is constructed using an external isolation coupling transformer 128 and a small number of resistive and capacitive components. The modulation unit 122 modulates the digital communication signal sent by the processor through the Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) interface into a 5MHz high-frequency carrier signal using Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK), and after power amplification, drives the coupling unit 126 to inject it into the DC power supply bus 110. The demodulation unit 124 then recovers the digital communication signal from the weak signal picked up by the coupling unit 126 through a phase-locked loop and a filter, thus completing data reception.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the coupling unit 126 includes an isolation coupling transformer 128 configured to isolate the DC voltage on the DC power supply bus 110 from the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0074] In the above embodiment, the coupling unit 126 includes an isolation coupling transformer 128, which is configured to isolate the DC voltage on the DC power supply bus 110 from the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0075] By utilizing the physical characteristic of the isolation coupling transformer 128 that "passes AC and blocks DC", the 24V DC voltage is strictly isolated from the modulation and demodulation circuit, allowing the modulation and demodulation circuit to operate entirely in the low-voltage digital domain. This eliminates the need for high-voltage protection circuits, simplifying circuit design and improving safety.

[0076] The isolation coupling transformer 128 can prevent high-frequency carrier signals from penetrating into the controller through the power supply circuit, avoid interference from high-frequency carrier signals with the controller's analog signal acquisition circuit, and ensure the accuracy of battery status monitoring data such as battery cell voltage and temperature.

[0077] The isolation coupling transformer 128 provides a certain degree of common-mode noise suppression capability, which can effectively suppress common-mode interference caused by high-current switching on the DC power supply bus 110 and improve the stability of communication.

[0078] In one embodiment, the isolation coupling transformer 128 is constructed using a 1:1 turns ratio high-frequency ferrite winding. The primary winding is connected to the DC power supply bus 110 via a series coupling capacitor, while the secondary winding is connected to the output of the modulation unit 122 and the input of the demodulation unit 124. The primary and secondary windings can withstand a 1500V DC withstand voltage test, ensuring the insulation safety between the controller side and the bus side. When a momentary high-voltage pulse is generated on the DC power supply bus 110 due to the disconnection of an inductive load, the isolation coupling transformer 128 can block most of the surge energy on the primary side, protecting the secondary side chips from damage and improving the system's electromagnetic compatibility and robustness.

[0079] In some embodiments of this application, the frequency range of the high-frequency carrier signal is 1MHz to 10MHz.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the frequency range of the high-frequency carrier signal is limited to 1MHz to 10MHz. This frequency range selection has the following technical effects, which have been repeatedly verified through experiments: The 1MHz to 10MHz frequency band is significantly higher than the tens of kilohertz region on DC power supply lines where electromagnetic interference generated by switching power supplies and inverters is mainly concentrated. The high-frequency carrier signal can effectively separate from power supply noise using spectrum resources, and the receiving end can filter out low-frequency interference through filters to obtain a higher communication signal-to-noise ratio.

[0081] Within the 1MHz to 10MHz range, the transmission attenuation constant of high-frequency carrier signals on ordinary parallel copper wires is moderate. For transmission distances of tens of meters inside large energy storage containers, the receiving end can still detect high-frequency carrier signals with sufficient amplitude, eliminating the need to add repeater amplifiers in the middle of the line and keeping the system structure simple.

[0082] The 1MHz to 10MHz frequency band has a longer wavelength, better diffraction capability, and is less sensitive to impedance changes at discontinuities such as connectors and branch nodes. Signal reflection and standing wave phenomena are weaker, resulting in stable communication quality. The 1MHz to 10MHz band falls in the lower part of the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), with limited radiated energy, resulting in less electromagnetic interference to other electronic devices and easier passage of industry electromagnetic compatibility tests. In one embodiment, the center frequency of the high-frequency carrier signal is selected as 5MHz. The half-wavelength corresponding to 5MHz has a propagation speed of approximately 20 meters in a copper conductor, which is on the same order of magnitude as the typical spacing between the BCMU (Battery Cluster Main Controller). This allows for optimization of transmission line effects by adjusting the termination matching resistor, achieving efficient transmission of the high-frequency carrier signal.

[0083] In some embodiments of this application, the Battery System Main Controller (BAMU) is configured as a master station, and the Battery Cluster Main Controller (BCMU) is configured as a slave station; the Battery Cluster Main Controller (BCMU) is also configured as a subordinate master station, and the Battery Module Controller (BMU) is configured as a subordinate slave station.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the battery system master controller (BAMU) is configured as the master station, the battery cluster master controller (BCMU) is configured as the slave station, and the battery cluster master controller (BCMU) is also configured as a subordinate master station, and the battery module controller (BMU) is configured as a subordinate slave station.

[0085] The Battery System Master Controller (BAMU) acts as the master station, the Battery Cluster Master Controllers (BCMUs) as slave stations, the BCMUs as subordinate master stations, and the Battery Module Controllers (BMUs) as subordinate slave stations. This establishes a strictly ordered communication hierarchy, avoiding communication conflicts and network storms that could occur if all controllers freely compete for the DC power supply bus 110 on the same plane. The entire communication system is clearly divided into upper-level and lower-level communication domains. The BAMU only needs to manage a limited number of Battery Cluster Master Controllers (BCMUs), and each BCMU independently manages its subordinate Battery Module Controllers (BMUs). This makes the scale of the communication network controllable and greatly simplifies the communication protocol stack.

[0086] This hierarchical structure naturally matches the physical grouping and electrical structure of the battery system. A battery cluster is physically an independent battery unit, and the status data of the battery modules within the cluster should primarily be processed within the cluster itself, rather than all flowing to the upper-level bus. By configuring the Battery Cluster Master Controller (BCMU) as the lower-level master station and the Battery Module Controllers (BMUs) as lower-level slave stations, communication within the battery cluster is restricted to the cluster's scope. Only after the BCMU has completed data aggregation and processing will the results be reported to the Battery System Master Controller (BAMU). This significantly reduces the communication processing load on the BAMU, allowing it to allocate more computing resources to system-level strategy calculations and fault diagnosis.

[0087] In one embodiment, the communication protocol explicitly defines the address fields. The address of the Battery System Master Controller (BAMU) is fixed at 0x00. Each Battery Cluster Master Controller (BCMU) is assigned addresses from 0x01 to 0x0A based on a hardware DIP switch. The address of the Battery Module Controller (BMU) includes the address of the Battery Cluster Master Controller (BCMU) to which it belongs as a prefix. Command frames initiated by the BAMU can only contain the address of the Battery Cluster Master Controller (BCMU) in the address field, while the BMUs will not respond to these command frames, thus strictly ensuring hierarchical isolation at the protocol level.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the Battery System Main Controller (BAMU) is configured to receive battery cluster status data sent by the Battery Cluster Main Controller (BCMU); the Battery Cluster Main Controller (BCMU) is configured to receive battery module status data sent by the Battery Module Controller (BMU).

[0089] In the above embodiment, the Battery System Main Controller (BAMU) is configured to receive battery cluster status data sent by the Battery Cluster Main Controller (BCMU), and the BCMU is configured to receive battery module status data sent by the Battery Module Controller (BMU). This configuration clearly defines the bottom-up data aggregation channel and data content boundaries. Each level only processes and transmits data with an aggregation level matching the decision requirements of that level, avoiding unnecessary full transmission and repeated storage of battery module status data throughout the system. Battery module status data includes the voltage and temperature values ​​of each battery cell. The data volume is large and the refresh rate is high. If it were directly uploaded to the BAMU, it would consume a large amount of communication bandwidth of the DC power supply bus 110 and interrupt resources of the processor. By receiving and processing battery module status data only at the BCMU level, the BCMU can complete low-level functions with high real-time requirements, such as cell equalization judgment and cell over / under voltage alarms, within the battery cluster, and only report the refined battery cluster status data to the BAMU. Battery cluster status data is a summary and refinement of battery module status data, including total cluster voltage, total cluster current, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), highest individual cell voltage and location, and lowest individual cell voltage and location. This mechanism balances the real-time nature of lower-level management with the global scope of upper-level scheduling, achieving optimized allocation of communication and computing resources.

[0090] In one embodiment, each Battery Module Controller (BMU) manages eight series-connected battery cells. Each BMU collects eight cell voltage values ​​and eight temperature values ​​as battery module status data every 100 milliseconds and reports this data via power line carrier communication to its corresponding Battery Cluster Master Controller (BCMU). After receiving the battery module status data from all its subordinate BMUs, the BCMU internally performs sorting and comparison algorithms, compiling only the total cluster voltage, total cluster current, highest cell voltage and its number, lowest cell voltage and its number, and average temperature into a single frame of battery cluster status data, which is then reported to the Battery System Master Controller (BAMU) every 500 milliseconds. This mechanism allows the BAMU to process only the battery cluster status data from each BCMU in each cycle, rather than the individual battery module status data from each BMU, significantly reducing the communication and computational load on the BAMU.

[0091] In some embodiments of this application, the battery management communication system 100 is configured to use frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods for communication links between different level controllers.

[0092] In the above embodiments, the battery management communication system 100 is configured to use frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods to communication links between different levels of controllers. This technical feature is used to solve the signal conflict problem that inevitably occurs when all communication links share the same DC power supply bus 110. Non-overlapping carrier frequencies are allocated to the upper-level communication links between the battery system master controller (BAMU) and the battery cluster master controller (BCMU), and to the lower-level communication links between the battery cluster master controller (BCMU) and the battery module controller (BMU), enabling simultaneous and concurrent communication between the upper-level and lower-level communication links without blocking each other. The demodulation unit 124 at the receiving end locks its own dedicated carrier frequency through an internal bandpass filter, naturally suppressing signals from carrier frequencies other than those of its own link. This achieves simultaneous concurrent multi-channel communication at the physical layer, significantly improving the system's real-time throughput. The technical advantage of using time division multiplexing is that it divides the communication time into multiple communication time periods, with each communication time period allowing only one specific pair of communicating parties to use the DC power supply bus 110. This method ensures that there is only one set of carrier signals on the DC power supply bus 110 at any given time, completely avoiding signal conflicts in the time dimension. It also reduces the frequency accuracy requirements of the modulation and demodulation circuit, simplifies hardware implementation, and offers a cost advantage.

[0093] In one frequency division multiplexing (FDM) embodiment, the communication link between the Battery System Master Controller (BAMU) and all Battery Cluster Master Controllers (BCMUs) uses a uniform 5.0MHz carrier frequency, while the communication links between each BCMU and its subordinate Battery Module Controllers (BMUs) use different carrier frequencies, such as 5.1MHz, 5.2MHz, and up to 5.8MHz. When conducting polling communication between the BAMU and each BCMU on the 5.0MHz carrier frequency communication link, the intra-cluster communication of each BCMU can simultaneously utilize its respective carrier frequency, significantly shortening the overall system communication cycle time. In one time-division multiplexing embodiment, the system defines a 100-millisecond communication superframe period. The first 20 milliseconds of the superframe are allocated to the communication links between the Battery System Master Controller (BAMU) and the main controllers (BCMUs) of each battery cluster. The 20th to 40th milliseconds are allocated to the communication links between the BCMU of Battery Cluster 1 and its subordinate battery module controllers (BMUs). The 40th to 60th milliseconds are allocated to the communication links between the BCMU of Battery Cluster 2 and its subordinate battery module controllers (BMUs), and so on. All controllers maintain communication segment boundary alignment through a unified heartbeat synchronization signal, ensuring the orderly operation of the time-division multiplexing.

[0094] like Figure 7 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a battery management communication method, applied to a battery management communication system as described in any of the above embodiments. The battery management communication method includes:

[0095] Step 202: Provide operating power to the battery system master controller, battery cluster master controller and battery module controller via DC power supply bus;

[0096] Step 204: When the controllers at adjacent levels communicate with each other, the power line carrier communication module of the sender modulates the communication signal to be sent into a carrier signal and couples it to the DC power supply bus. The controllers at adjacent levels include the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, or the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller.

[0097] Step 206: The receiving power line carrier communication module extracts the carrier signal from the DC power supply bus and demodulates the communication signal to enable power line carrier communication between controllers at adjacent levels via the DC power supply bus.

[0098] Step 208: Using frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing, different carrier frequencies or communication time periods are allocated to the communication links between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller.

[0099] In the above embodiments, each step of the battery management communication method produces corresponding technical effects and together constitutes a complete solution. First, the DC power supply bus provides operating power to the battery system master controller, battery cluster master controller, and battery module controller, enabling all controllers to obtain a stable operating voltage from the same power bus after power-on, and the system enters a communicable state. This lays the energy foundation for communication using multiple power supply lines at the physical layer, so that subsequent communication steps do not need to rely on any independent Ethernet power supply or additional power lines. Second, when controllers at adjacent levels communicate, the sending power line carrier communication module modulates the communication signal to be transmitted into a carrier signal and couples it to the DC power supply bus. The receiving power line carrier communication module extracts the carrier signal from the DC power supply bus and demodulates the communication signal. This clarifies the entire process of sending, transmitting, and receiving communication through the DC power supply bus for power line carrier communication between controllers at adjacent levels. The technical effect is that by using the DC power supply bus as the communication medium, the communication signal and the power supply current share the same physical line, realizing the physical integration of power supply and communication, and completely eliminating the need for independently laid Ethernet communication lines and controller area network communication lines. The "sender's power line carrier communication module" performs "modulation" and "coupling," while the "receiver's power line carrier communication module" performs "extraction" and "demodulation." This set of corresponding operations enables transparent transmission of communication signals on the DC power supply bus. For upper-layer application software, this allows for smooth porting of existing application programming interfaces based on controller area networks or Ethernet. The restriction of "adjacent level controllers" strictly limits the communicating parties to the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, or the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller, prohibiting cross-level communication. This ensures a strict tree structure in the network topology, simplifies routing management, avoids communication loops, and enhances the logical clarity and manageability of the communication network. Finally, the technical effect of the step "using frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods to the communication links between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller" is that it establishes non-overlapping channel resources for communication links at different levels in terms of frequency or time, effectively avoiding the signal conflict problem that inevitably occurs when all communication links share the same DC power supply bus. When using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), the communication links between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller, can operate concurrently without blocking each other, significantly improving the system's real-time throughput. When using time division multiplexing (TDM), only one carrier signal is on the DC power supply bus at any given time, completely avoiding signal conflicts in the time dimension. This reduces the frequency accuracy requirements of the modulation and demodulation circuit, simplifies hardware implementation, and offers a cost advantage.Combining the technical effects of the above steps, this battery management communication method defines the system architecture, communication medium, and operation method as a whole, enabling all data interaction between controllers at all levels within the battery management system to be achieved solely through the existing DC power supply bus without the need to lay independent communication cables. This achieves a comprehensive set of beneficial effects, including simplified wiring structure, reduced hardware and construction costs, fewer failure points, improved communication stability, and easier maintenance.

[0100] like Figure 8 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a battery management communication device 300, including a processor 302 and a memory 304. The memory 304 stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor 302, implements the battery management communication method as described above. Therefore, the battery management communication device 300 possesses all the beneficial effects of the battery management communication method as described above.

[0101] Embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the battery management communication method as described above. Therefore, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium possesses all the beneficial effects of the battery management communication method described above.

[0102] Embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions. When executed by a processor, the computer program or instructions implement the battery management communication method as described above. Therefore, the computer program product possesses all the beneficial effects of the battery management communication method described above.

[0103] In the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this application, the term "plural" refers to two or more objects. Unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the descriptive process, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have the described specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, these descriptions should not be construed as limitations on this application. The terms "connection," "installation," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection between multiple objects, a detachable connection between multiple objects, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection between multiple objects or an indirect connection between multiple objects through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood based on the specific circumstances described above.

[0104] In the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this application, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0105] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery management communication system, characterized in that, include: Battery system master controller; At least one battery cluster main controller; At least one battery module controller; A DC power supply bus is configured to provide operating power to the battery system master controller, the battery cluster master controller, and the battery module controller. Multiple power line carrier communication modules are provided, with the battery system master controller, each battery cluster master controller and each battery module controller respectively connected to one power line carrier communication module, and each power line carrier communication module is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus. The power line carrier communication module is configured to use the DC power supply bus as the communication medium to perform power line carrier communication between the battery system master controller, the battery cluster master controller, and the battery module controller.

2. The battery management communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC power supply bus is a 24V DC power supply bus.

3. The battery management communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power line carrier communication module includes: a modulation unit, a demodulation unit, and a coupling unit; Both the modulation unit and the demodulation unit are connected to the coupling unit, and the coupling unit is electrically connected to the DC power supply bus. The modulation unit is used to modulate digital communication signals into high-frequency carrier signals; The demodulation unit is used to extract a high-frequency carrier signal from the DC power supply bus through the coupling unit and demodulate it into a digital communication signal; The coupling unit is used to couple the high-frequency carrier signal to the DC power supply bus.

4. The battery management communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coupling unit includes an isolation coupling transformer configured to isolate the DC voltage on the DC power supply bus from the high-frequency carrier signal.

5. The battery management communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The frequency range of the high-frequency carrier signal is 1MHz to 10MHz.

6. The battery management communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery system master controller is configured as a master station, and the battery cluster master controller is configured as a slave station; The battery cluster main controller is also configured as a lower-level master station, and the battery module controller is configured as a lower-level slave station.

7. The battery management communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The battery system master controller is configured to receive battery cluster status data sent by the battery cluster master controller; The battery cluster master controller is configured to receive battery module status data sent by the battery module controller.

8. The battery management communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The battery management communication system is configured to use frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods for communication links between different levels of controllers.

9. A battery management communication method, characterized in that, The battery management communication method, applied to the battery management communication system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprises: The DC power supply bus provides operating power to the battery system master controller, the battery cluster master controller, and the battery module controller. When controllers at adjacent levels communicate, the power line carrier communication module of the sender modulates the communication signal to be transmitted into a carrier signal and couples it to the DC power supply bus. The controllers at adjacent levels include the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, or include the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller. The receiving party's power line carrier communication module extracts the carrier signal from the DC power supply bus and demodulates the communication signal to perform power line carrier communication between the controllers at adjacent levels via the DC power supply bus; Frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing is used to allocate different carrier frequencies or communication time periods for the communication links between the battery system master controller and the battery cluster master controller, and between the battery cluster master controller and the battery module controller.

10. A battery management communication device, characterized in that, include: processor; A memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the battery management communication method as described in claim 9.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the battery management communication method as described in claim 9.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery management communication method as described in claim 9.

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