A method for preventing and controlling soil erosion by planting a single vine of vitex in a photovoltaic power generation assembly area

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of new energy and ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling soil erosion by planting single leaf vine in the area of photovoltaic power generation components, comprising the following steps: a) identifying the partition of photovoltaic panel covering area: according to the terrain and the degree of land fragmentation, the photovoltaic covering area is divided into slope area and erosion gully area; b) screening the crops for planting: single leaf vine is selected as the economic crop for planting in the photovoltaic area; c) planting in the slope area: the slope area is divided into steep slope planting area, gentle slope planting area and planting area under photovoltaic panel, and is planted respectively; d) planting in the erosion gully area: the erosion gully area is divided into catchment area, active area at the head of the gully and gentle area, and is planted respectively. The present application has the advantages of significantly improving the survival rate and coverage rate of vegetation, fully utilizing the land resources, enhancing the effect of preventing and controlling soil erosion, and realizing the maximization of economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of interdisciplinary technology of new energy and ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for planting Vitex negundo in photovoltaic power generation module areas to prevent soil erosion. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of photovoltaic power plants typically requires large areas of land, especially in centralized photovoltaic projects, where land development and utilization inevitably impact the original topography and ecosystem. During the installation of photovoltaic modules, surface vegetation may be damaged, increasing the area of ​​exposed soil and reducing its resistance to erosion. Furthermore, the arrangement of photovoltaic arrays alters surface runoff patterns, preventing rainwater from effectively infiltrating the soil and further exacerbating the risk of soil erosion. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to address the problems of low vegetation survival rates, poor ecological restoration effects, and low soil and water conservation benefits in traditional vegetation establishment methods, which are ill-suited to the specific water erosion control needs of photovoltaic module areas. It provides a method for establishing Vitex negundo (a single-leaf vine) in photovoltaic module areas to control soil erosion. This method formulates a Vitex negundo soil erosion control establishment plan based on the topography and photovoltaic panel coverage characteristics of the photovoltaic area, forming a development model combining photovoltaics and traditional Chinese medicine. This invention significantly improves vegetation survival and coverage rates, fully utilizes land resources, enhances soil erosion control effects, and maximizes economic benefits.

[0004] This invention provides a method for establishing Vitex negundo as a single-leaf vine to prevent soil erosion in photovoltaic power generation module areas, comprising the following steps:

[0005] a) Identification of photovoltaic panel coverage areas:

[0006] Based on the terrain and the degree of land fragmentation, the photovoltaic coverage area is divided into slope area and erosion gully area;

[0007] b) Selection of established crops:

[0008] Single-leaf Vitex was chosen as the economic crop for planting in the photovoltaic area.

[0009] c) Planting on the slope area:

[0010] Select the sloping area where the lowest point of the photovoltaic module's undercarriage is 2.5m above the ground in the photovoltaic panel coverage area, and divide it into steep slope planting area, gentle slope planting area and photovoltaic panel undercarriage planting area;

[0011] The slope of the steep slope planting area is ≥15° and <25°. Single-leaf Vitex negundo is planted in fish-scale pits with a row spacing of 1.5~2m and a plant spacing of 1.5~1.8m per row.

[0012] The slope of the gentle slope planting area is <15°. Single-leaf Vitex is planted in a horizontal terrace manner with a row spacing of 1.2~1.8m and a plant spacing of 1~1.5m per row.

[0013] The planting area under the photovoltaic panel is the area from 0.3 to 0.7 m in front of the photovoltaic panel to 0.3 to 0.7 m behind the photovoltaic panel. Single-leaf violets are planted along the extension direction of the panel to form a protective hedge. The planting row spacing is 0.3 to 0.5 m, and the plant spacing in each row is 0.3 to 0.5 m. Two rows are planted. The single-leaf violet protective hedge extends along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel. A horizontal ditch 0.1 to 0.2 m deep is dug along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel near the rear of the panel to collect rainwater. The excavated soil is used to cultivate the base of the protective hedge.

[0014] d) Establish vegetation in the erosion gully area:

[0015] The erosion gully area of ​​the target planting site is divided into a catchment area, an active gully head area, and a gentle area.

[0016] For the erosion gully catchment area of ​​the target planting site, single-leaf vitex should be planted in a horizontal terrace manner, with a row spacing of 1.2~1.8m and a plant spacing of 1~1.5m per row;

[0017] For the active erosion gully head area of ​​the target planting site, plant single-leaf Vitex negundo in fish-scale pits with a row spacing of 1.5-2m and a plant spacing of 1.5-1.8m per row;

[0018] For the gently sloping gully area of ​​the target planting site, plant Vitex negundo as a protective hedge along the uppermost edge of the gently sloping gully, perpendicular to the gully direction, with a row spacing of 0.3-0.5m and a plant spacing of 0.3-0.5m per row. Below the Vitex negundo protective hedge, plant Vitex negundo perpendicular to the gully in a horizontal tiered manner, with a row spacing of 1.2-1.8m and a plant spacing of 1-1.5m per row.

[0019] Preferably, the spacing between each row of plants is 1.6m when planting in the steep slope planting area.

[0020] Preferably, the planting row spacing in the gentle slope planting area is 1.4m, and the plant spacing per row is 1.2m.

[0021] Preferably, the planting row spacing in the photovoltaic panel under-slab planting area is 0.4m, and the plant spacing in each row is 0.4m.

[0022] Preferably, a horizontal trench extending 0.15m deep along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel is dug near the root of the panel.

[0023] Preferably, the planting row spacing in the erosion gully catchment area is 1.4m, and the plant spacing in each row is 1.2m.

[0024] Preferably, the spacing between each row of plants when establishing plantings in the active area at the head of the erosion gully is 1.6m.

[0025] Preferably, the planting row spacing for protective hedges in the gently eroded gully area is 0.4m, and the plant spacing per row is 0.4m.

[0026] Preferably, when planting under the protective fence in the gently eroded gully area, the planting row spacing is 1.4m and the plant spacing per row is 1.2m.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a method for planting Vitex negundo in photovoltaic power generation module areas to prevent soil erosion, comprising the following steps: a) Identification of photovoltaic panel coverage areas: Based on topography and the degree of land fragmentation, the photovoltaic coverage area is divided into slope areas and erosion gully areas; b) Selection of planting crops: Vitex negundo is selected as the economic crop for planting in the photovoltaic area; c) Planting in slope areas: The slope area where the lowest point of the photovoltaic panel under the photovoltaic module is 2.5m above the ground is selected in the photovoltaic panel coverage area, and it is divided into steep slope planting areas, gentle slope planting areas, and photovoltaic panel under-slab planting areas. The planting areas are as follows: Steep slopes with a slope ≥15° and <25° are planted with single-leaf violets in a fish-scale pit pattern, with a row spacing of 1.5~2m and a plant spacing of 1.5~1.8m per row; Gentle slopes with a slope <15° are planted with single-leaf violets in a horizontal terrace pattern, with a row spacing of 1.2~1.8m and a plant spacing of 1~1.5m per row; The photovoltaic panel under-rafter planting area is the area 0.3~0.7m in front of and 0.3~0.7m behind the photovoltaic panel under-rafter, where single-leaf violets are planted along the edge of the panel to form a protective hedge, with a row spacing of 0.3~... Planting in double rows with a row spacing of 0.3-0.5m and a plant spacing of 0.3-0.5m, the single-leaf violet protective hedge extends along the drip line of the rafters under the photovoltaic panels. A horizontal trench 0.1-0.2m deep is dug along the drip line of the photovoltaic panels near the rear of the rafters to collect rainwater. The excavated soil is used to cultivate the base of the protective hedge; d) Establishment of planting in erosion gully areas: Divide the erosion gully area of ​​the target planting site into a catchment area, an active gully head area, and a gentle area; For the catchment area of ​​the erosion gully in the target planting site, plant single-leaf violets in a horizontal terrace manner, with a row spacing of 1.2-1.8m and a plant spacing of 1-1m per row. For the active gully head area of ​​the target planting site, Vitex negundo is planted in a fish-scale pit pattern with a row spacing of 1.5-2m and a plant spacing of 1.5-1.8m per row. For the gentle gully area of ​​the target planting site, Vitex negundo is planted along the uppermost edge of the gentle gully area in a direction perpendicular to the gully to form a protective hedge with a row spacing of 0.3-0.5m and a plant spacing of 0.3-0.5m per row. Below the Vitex negundo protective hedge, Vitex negundo is planted perpendicular to the gully in a horizontal step pattern with a row spacing of 1.2-1.8m and a plant spacing of 1-1.5m per row. Experimental results show that after 1 to 2 years of planting in the photovoltaic power generation module area using the method of this invention, Vitex trifolia soil erosion control forests and protective hedges can be built on the small watershed slopes and erosion gullies in the photovoltaic power generation module area, effectively increasing the vegetation coverage in the photovoltaic power generation module area. The plant hedges can effectively intercept rainfall, fix sediment, reduce sediment movement downhill and down erosion gullies, curb soil erosion, and at the same time increase land utilization and generate economic benefits.The photovoltaic plus traditional Chinese medicine model provided by this invention can make full use of land resources, maximize economic benefits, and effectively reduce soil erosion. It has practical significance for promoting vegetation restoration in construction land of photovoltaic power generation module areas, development of suitable afforestation land, and the development and construction of ecological forest and grassland functional zones. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the coverage of medicinal herb plants in a photovoltaic area two years after planting, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the growth rate of a single-leaf Vitex negundo in a photovoltaic zone provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Appendix Figure 1 Marking explanation: 1 is the main body of the photovoltaic module, 2 is the lower beam, 3 is directly below the lower beam, 4 is in front of the lower beam, and 5 is behind the lower beam. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] This invention provides a method for establishing Vitex negundo as a single-leaf vine to prevent soil erosion in photovoltaic power generation module areas, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Identification of photovoltaic panel coverage area zones

[0036] In southwestern my country, photovoltaic power plants are mostly located in mountainous areas far from villages, with open terrain. The land beneath the photovoltaic modules is often sloping. Based on practical planting experience, this also helps control soil erosion. Slopes can be divided into steep slope areas (25° > ≥ 15°) and gentle slope areas (< 15°), requiring appropriate soil and water conservation land preparation techniques (fish-scale pits and horizontal terraces) for planting. The construction of photovoltaic panels alters the runoff path of rainfall, creating a unique ecologically vulnerable area beneath the panels that is susceptible to water erosion and raindrop splash erosion. This technology targets specific areas before and after the photovoltaic modules (such as...) Figure 1 (As shown) Targeted planting work will be carried out.

[0037] Mountainous areas are also prone to erosion gullies. If these gullies are not repaired with targeted vegetation, the erosion will be further aggravated by the water collection effect of photovoltaic panels. At best, the gullies will continue to expand and deepen, encroaching on sloping farmland; at worst, they will affect the normal function of the photovoltaic modules installed on the top or side. Therefore, erosion gullies are the second major module for vegetation repair. An erosion gully refers to the eroded terrain caused by gully erosion. It consists of the gully head, gully edge, gully bottom and the waterway above it, gully slope, gully mouth and alluvial fan (alluvial cone), etc. It is generally divided into the gully head, upstream, middle and downstream. This technology targets planting in erosion gullies that have stabilized in their later stages of erosion. At this point, the gully head is relatively stable, and the gully bottom and mouth are gradually silted up, making it suitable for vegetation establishment. Based on the characteristics of the erosion gully, such as its confluence, erosion and sedimentation, and topography, the gully is divided into catchment areas, active head areas, and gentle slope areas for zoned planting. The catchment area is the source of water and sediment for the erosion gully, encompassing the area above the head and flowing towards it. The head is the most intensely developed and active core part of the erosion gully; the active head area refers to the starting point and upstream section of the gully. The gentle slope area represents the aging or stable stage of the erosion gully, comprising the middle and downstream sections. This scientific and precise zoned planting approach is more targeted and makes better use of the land and the soil erosion control properties of the planted crops.

[0038] (2) Selection of crops for establishment

[0039] Crop selection was conducted based on the specific climatic factors (sunlight and temperature) and local specialty industries in the photovoltaic module coverage area. Field planting studies were conducted on low-growing, shade-tolerant medicinal herbs including Polygonatum sibiricum, Bletilla striata, Stemona japonica, Lonicera japonica, and Vitex trifolia. The experimental results are as follows: Figures 2-3As shown. Considering factors such as vegetation cover, the rainwater retention effect of stems, runoff and sediment reduction benefits, economic benefits, management costs, and the degree of ground disturbance during harvesting, the study found that Vitex negundo is most adapted to the semi-shaded environment under photovoltaic panels. It grows rapidly, with an average stem diameter and plant height of 1.2 cm and 1.4 m respectively after one year of planting, achieving an average coverage of 50%. After two years of planting, the average stem diameter and plant height reach 2 cm and 1.8 m respectively, achieving a coverage of 96%, which is significantly higher than other Chinese herbal medicines such as Polygonatum sibiricum (53%), Bletilla striata (36%), Stemona japonica (39%), and Lonicera japonica (22%). Vitex negundo has well-developed lateral branches. The branching and foliage of *Vitex negundo* significantly impound rainfall, resulting in the highest soil and water conservation benefits (32.40% reduction in runoff and 53.58% reduction in sediment). *Vitex negundo* can bear fruit in the first year and reach full production the following year, with continuous production for 20 years and high yield for 6-8 years. Depending on the terrain and slope, 120-150 plants can be planted per acre, with each plant yielding approximately 4 kg of fresh fruit. After drying, approximately 1 kg of dried fruit is obtained, fetching a purchase price of 50-60 yuan / kg, resulting in a production value of 6000-9000 yuan / acre. *Vitex negundo* has low management costs, requiring only annual fertilization and pruning for continuous fruit harvesting. It is less susceptible to pests and diseases, causes minimal ground disturbance, and plays a positive role in controlling soil erosion. In conclusion, *Vitex negundo* is a suitable economic crop for planting in photovoltaic areas.

[0040] (3) Carry out planting work in different zones.

[0041] a) Planting on the slope area:

[0042] Select the area covered by photovoltaic panels, from the lowest point of the photovoltaic module's underslope to a slope 2.5m above the ground, and divide it into steep slope area, gentle slope area, and photovoltaic module underslope area;

[0043] The slope of the steep slope planting area is ≥15° and <25°. Single-leaf Vitex negundo is planted in fish-scale pits with a row spacing of 1.5~2m and a plant spacing of 1.5~1.8m per row.

[0044] The slope of the gentle slope planting area is <15°. Single-leaf Vitex is planted in a horizontal terrace manner with a row spacing of 1.2~1.8m and a plant spacing of 1~1.5m per row.

[0045] The area where the photovoltaic panel is installed along its lower edge is the region extending 0.3-0.7m in front of and 0.3-0.7m behind the base of the photovoltaic panel (see attached diagram). Figure 1 (4-5) Plant single-leaf violets along the extension direction of the photovoltaic panel to form a protective hedge. The planting row spacing is 0.3-0.5m, and the plant spacing in each row is 0.3-0.5m. Plant in double rows. The single-leaf violet protective hedge extends along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel. Dig a horizontal ditch 0.1-0.2m deep along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel near the back of the panel to collect rainwater. The excavated soil is used to cultivate the base of the protective hedge.

[0046] b) Establishment of plantings in erosion gullies:

[0047] The erosion gully area of ​​the target planting site is divided into a catchment area, an active gully head area, and a gentle area.

[0048] For the erosion gully catchment area of ​​the target planting site, single-leaf vitex should be planted in a horizontal terrace manner, with a row spacing of 1.2~1.8m and a plant spacing of 1~1.5m per row;

[0049] For the active erosion gully head area of ​​the target planting site, plant single-leaf Vitex negundo in fish-scale pits with a row spacing of 1.5-2m and a plant spacing of 1.5-1.8m per row;

[0050] For the gently sloping gully area of ​​the target planting site, plant Vitex negundo as a protective hedge along the uppermost edge of the gently sloping gully in a direction perpendicular to the gully. The row spacing is 0.3-0.5m, and the plant spacing per row is 0.3-0.5m. The number of rows depends on the slope and the degree of fragmentation of the plot. Below the Vitex negundo protective hedge, plant Vitex negundo in a horizontal step pattern perpendicular to the gully. The row spacing is 1.2-1.8m, and the plant spacing per row is 1-1.5m.

[0051] In the method provided by the present invention, the spacing between each row of plants when planting in the steep slope planting area is preferably 1.6m.

[0052] In the method provided by the present invention, the planting row spacing is preferably 1.4m and the plant spacing per row is preferably 1.2m.

[0053] In the method provided by the present invention, the planting row spacing is preferably 0.4m when planting in the planting area along the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel, and the plant spacing per row is preferably 0.4m.

[0054] In the method provided by the present invention, a horizontal trench extending 0.15m deep along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel is preferably dug near the root of the panel.

[0055] According to the planting method described above, the planting row spacing is 1.4m and the plant spacing is 1.2m when planting in the erosion gully catchment area.

[0056] In the method provided by the present invention, the spacing between each row of plants when establishing planting in the active area at the head of the erosion ditch is preferably 1.6m.

[0057] In the method provided by the present invention, the planting row spacing when constructing protective hedges in the gently eroded gully area is preferably 0.4m, and the plant spacing per row is preferably 0.4m.

[0058] In the method provided by the present invention, the planting row spacing when planting under the protective fence in the gently eroded gully area is preferably 1.4m, and the plant spacing per row is preferably 1.2m.

[0059] In the method provided by this invention, Vitex negundo can be propagated by cuttings or by direct planting of seedlings. Depending on the size of the seedlings, 1-3 seedlings can be planted per hole. The seedlings are straightened, covered with soil to half the height of the hole, the seedlings are lifted to loosen the roots, and then the soil is filled in layers, tamped down, and finally covered with fine soil to seal the hole slightly above ground level. After planting, the seedlings are watered every 3 days until they are established, and once a week thereafter, until the rainy season arrives.

[0060] In the method provided by this invention, after the plants have established themselves, weeding is carried out before spring budding, in June, and after leaf fall in winter, combined with winter cultivation and hilling. Simultaneously, timely pruning is essential. Branches that grow too fast or are positioned too high should be pruned promptly to prevent them from interfering with the operation of the photovoltaic panels. For the Vitex trifolia hedges, pruning should be done more frequently, controlling the height to 1.2m, and topping to encourage the growth of lateral branches to quickly close the hedge and form a protective barrier. Topdressing is applied twice a year. The first application is done in mid-March to mid-April, digging holes near the tree roots, applying fertilizer, and then covering it tightly with soil. The second application is done after winter pruning, combined with hilling for frost protection; farmyard manure mixed with fine soil is piled around the roots. Foliar fertilizer is applied to promote flowering and fruit setting. In early July, during the peak flowering period of the Vitex trifolia, foliar fertilizer is sprayed, which both supplements fertility and helps to protect flowers and fruits.

[0061] In the method provided by this invention, the preferred fertilization and watering schemes for planting Vitex negundo are shown in Table 1:

[0062] Table 1. Fertilization and watering plan for planting Vitex negundo.

[0063]

[0064] For clarity, the following examples will be used to provide a detailed description.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] Using the small watershed slope after the construction of a photovoltaic power plant as the target site, the single-leaf vine Vitex trifolia planting technology for soil and water conservation was implemented from January to December of the following year.

[0067] (I) Preliminary preparations:

[0068] (1) Determine the zoning and divide the target treatment area into regions according to the photovoltaic area slope and erosion gully. The slope is divided into steep slope, gentle slope and photovoltaic panel underslope according to the slope and the position of the photovoltaic panel. The erosion gully is divided into water catchment area, gully head active area and gentle area according to the factors such as erosion gully confluence, erosion and siltation and topography.

[0069] (2) Site conditions and feasibility of the proposed solution in the surveyed area: The soil in the small watershed to be restored is yellow soil and brown soil, with a soil depth of 0.41~1.08 m. The slope is divided into 6~12 tiers with a slope of 5°~43°. The photovoltaic panel coverage is 63%. The photovoltaic panels affect the runoff from the rainwater, resulting in soil erosion on the slope below the panels. The runoff from the slope flows to the low-lying areas on the slope, and the soil erosion develops rapidly. There is a gully in the watershed. Due to the shrinkage of the catchment area, the waterway was cut off after the construction of the access road. The gully has become stable and it is convenient to carry out the treatment work. The area has convenient transportation, a long history of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, is close to villages and towns, and has a dense labor force. Selecting shade-tolerant, fast-growing, and well-covered low-growing Chinese herbal medicine, Vitex negundo, for planting under the photovoltaic panels can achieve a win-win situation of preventing soil erosion and high economic benefits.

[0070] (II) Planting Plan:

[0071] (1) On April 25th, at the beginning of the rainy season, the planting work on the slope was carried out. 187 mu of slope was selected from the lowest point of the photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic panel coverage area to 2.5m above the ground. Based on the slope characteristics of the treatment area, the treatment area was divided into:

[0072] (1.1) 42 mu of steep slopes with a gradient of 25° > 15°, mainly concentrated at the foot of one slope. Single-leaf Vitex seedlings were planted in fish-scale pits with a plant spacing of 1.7m and a row spacing of 1.5~2m. The inner diameter of the fish-scale pit was 0.3m and the depth was 0.3m. When digging the pit, soil was taken and piled at the bottom to form an arc-shaped embankment. The height of the middle of the embankment was 0.2~0.3m and higher than the sides. 20g of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15 (mass ratio), Yuntianhua Group compound fertilizer, the same below), 1000g of organic fertilizer (a mixture of well-rotted cow manure and sheep manure, the same below) and 20g of superphosphate per plant were mixed with the soil and applied to the bottom of the pit. 2L / plant was watered on the day of planting to help the roots establish. Watering was done every 3 days before the seedlings survived, and once a week after they survived, 2L / plant each time, until the rainy season.

[0073] (1.2) On a gentle slope of 89 mu (approximately 5.9 hectares) with a gradient of <15°, single-leaf vitex seedlings were planted at a plant spacing of 1.3m and a row spacing of 1.5m, using a leveling method. A baseline was determined using a level instrument, and a trench 0.3m deep was dug from bottom to top. The excavated soil was piled up to form a step on the slope. During construction, the topsoil should be retained on the step surface. The step should be compacted and maintained with a 5°~10° reverse slope to enhance water retention capacity. 20g of compound fertilizer, 600g of organic fertilizer, and 15g of superphosphate per plant were mixed with the soil and applied to the step surface. On the day of planting, 2L of water was applied per plant to help it establish roots. Before the seedlings survived, watering was applied every 3 days, and after they survived, watering was applied once a week, 1L per plant each time, until the rainy season.

[0074] (1.3) At a distance of 0.5m in front of and 0.5m behind the photovoltaic panel, construct a single-leaf vine protective hedge along the edge of the panel, with a plant spacing of 0.3m and a row spacing of 0.3m. Two rows of single-leaf vines extend parallel to each other along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel. Dig a horizontal trench 0.15m deep along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel near the base of the single-leaf vine protective hedge, and excavate soil to cultivate on the protective hedge ridge. Mix 20g of compound fertilizer, 600g of organic fertilizer, and 15g of superphosphate per plant as base fertilizer with the soil and apply it to the ridge. Water with 1L on the day of planting to help the roots establish. Water every 3 days before the seedlings survive, and once a week after they survive, 1L per plant each time, until the rainy season arrives.

[0075] (2) The gully establishment work was carried out on April 25th, at the beginning of the rainy season. A gully treatment area of ​​29 mu (approximately 1.6 hectares) was selected, with a total gully length of 126m, a catchment area of ​​46m at the top, and an active area of ​​32m at the gully head. Based on the gully development and site conditions, the gullies can be divided into:

[0076] (2.1) In the 3-mu catchment area of ​​the erosion gully, plant single-leaf vitex seedlings with a plant spacing of 1.3m and a row spacing of 1.5m, selecting a leveling method. Use a level to determine the baseline, and dig a trench 0.3m deep from bottom to top. Pile the excavated soil downhill to form a sill. During construction, the topsoil must be retained on the sill surface. The sill needs to be compacted and maintain a 5°~10° reverse slope to enhance water retention capacity. Mix 20g of compound fertilizer, 600g of organic fertilizer, and 15g of superphosphate per plant as base fertilizer with the soil and apply it to the sill surface. Water 2L / plant on the day of planting to settle the roots. Water every 3 days before the seedlings survive, and once a week after they survive, 1L / plant each time, until the rainy season arrives.

[0077] (2.2) In the active area of ​​the erosion gully head, select a location with thick soil layer in the upper reaches of the erosion gully that is convenient for standing and plant Vitex trifolia seedlings in fish-scale pits. The size of the fish-scale pits is determined by the actual terrain, with a plant spacing of 1.6m and a row spacing of 1.5~1.8m. Mix 20g of compound fertilizer, 600g of organic fertilizer and 15g of superphosphate per plant as base fertilizer with the soil and apply it to the bottom of the pit. Water with 1L on the day of planting to help the roots establish. Water every 3 days before the seedlings survive, and once a week after they survive, 1L per plant each time, until the rainy season arrives.

[0078] (2.3) The gently sloping area of ​​the erosion gully is 24 mu (approximately 1.6 hectares) with an average slope of 18°. The terrain gradually widens. Single-leaf vines are planted along the uppermost edge of the gently sloping area, perpendicular to the erosion gully, to form a protective hedge. The plant spacing is 0.4m, and the row spacing is 0.4m. Two rows of single-leaf vines are planted parallel to each other to form one set of protective hedges. A total of three sets of protective hedges are constructed, with a 0.5m interval between sets and a 0.3m deep furrow dug. 20g of compound fertilizer, 600g of organic fertilizer, and 15g of superphosphate per plant are mixed with the soil and applied to the ridge surface as base fertilizer. One meter below the lowest protective hedge, vine seedlings are planted vertically to the erosion gully using horizontal steps, with a plant spacing of 1.3m and a row spacing of 1.5m. 20g of compound fertilizer, 600g of organic fertilizer, and 15g of superphosphate per plant are mixed with the soil and applied to the ridge surface as base fertilizer. Water the seedlings with 1 liter of water on the day of planting to help them establish roots. Water every 3 days before the seedlings have survived, and once a week after they have survived, with 1 liter of water per seedling each time, until the rainy season arrives in mid-to-late May.

[0079] (III) Maintenance and Management Plan for Vitex negundo (Single-leafed Vine):

[0080] With the arrival of the rainy season at the end of May, the survival rate of the transplanted Vitex trifolia seedlings was 95%. Those that failed to survive were replanted, and irrigation was carried out according to the weather to ensure seedling survival. Once the seedlings had survived, irrigation was discontinued. During the peak growth period in July and August, topdressing with 30g of compound fertilizer per plant was applied according to the spring fertilization plan, along with weeding the planting holes. In December, cultivation and hilling were carried out, along with pruning. When the main stem reached a height of 1.5m, the top was capped to encourage lateral branching for better fruit production and harvesting. Branches that might affect the operation of the photovoltaic panels were promptly pruned. Vitex trifolia branches in the hedges were pruned more frequently, controlling the height to 1.2m, and capping the tops to encourage lateral branching and quickly form a protective hedge. The following year, two top dressings are required. The first application is from mid-March to mid-April, where 30-50g of compound fertilizer is applied in a hole dug near the tree roots (refer to Table 1), and then covered tightly with soil. The second application is after winter pruning, combined with earthing up for frost protection. 600-1000g of farmyard manure (refer to Table 1) is mixed with fine soil and piled around the roots. In early July of the following year, during the peak flowering period of the Vitex trifolia, foliar fertilizer is applied. 200g of urea and 20g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are dissolved in 15L of water and sprayed on the leaves to supplement fertility and protect flowers and fruits. From August to December of the following year, the Vitex trifolia fruits can be harvested, dried, and sold.

[0081] (iv) Evaluation of soil and water conservation effects and economic benefits

[0082] Through the above technical steps, spanning two years from January to December of the following year, protective forests and hedges will be gradually established on the target site through the rational planting of Vitex negundo. This will increase the land utilization rate of the slope to 60% (mainly in areas with stable erosion gullies) to 90% (mainly in areas with gentler slopes and thicker soil layers), with vegetation coverage reaching 90-96%. Simultaneously, this technology can effectively reduce runoff and sediment by 30-60% compared to bare land. The established protective forests and hedges will maintain good sustainable utilization capacity during long-term operation, with reduced slope erosion and significantly slowed, essentially halting, erosion gully development. This has practical significance for promoting vegetation restoration in photovoltaic power generation module construction areas, developing suitable afforestation land, and carrying out ecological forest and grassland functional zoning and construction. The technology was implemented on an area of ​​216 mu (approximately 14 hectares), with an average planting density of 138 plants per mu (approximately 7.3 hectares). The output value reached 1.4904 million yuan, or 6,900 yuan per mu (approximately 4,600 yuan per hectare), which is far higher than the output value of traditional corn planting in the area. Planting single-leaf violets in the photovoltaic power generation module area is a high-quality model that can achieve a win-win situation of preventing soil erosion and high economic benefits.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for establishing Vitex negundo as a single-leaf vine to prevent soil erosion in photovoltaic power generation module areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a) Identification of photovoltaic panel coverage areas: Based on the terrain and the degree of land fragmentation, the photovoltaic coverage area is divided into slope area and erosion gully area; b) Selection of established crops: Single-leaf Vitex was chosen as the economic crop for planting in the photovoltaic area. c) Planting on the slope area: Select the sloping area where the lowest point of the photovoltaic module's undercarriage is 2.5m above the ground in the photovoltaic panel coverage area, and divide it into steep slope planting area, gentle slope planting area and photovoltaic panel undercarriage planting area; The slope of the steep slope planting area is ≥15° and <25°. Single-leaf Vitex negundo is planted in fish-scale pits with a row spacing of 1.5~2m and a plant spacing of 1.5~1.8m per row. The slope of the gentle slope planting area is <15°. Single-leaf Vitex is planted in a horizontal terrace manner with a row spacing of 1.2~1.8m and a plant spacing of 1~1.5m per row. The planting area under the photovoltaic panel is the area from 0.3 to 0.7 m in front of the photovoltaic panel to 0.3 to 0.7 m behind the photovoltaic panel. Single-leaf violets are planted along the extension direction of the panel to form a protective hedge. The planting row spacing is 0.3 to 0.5 m, and the plant spacing in each row is 0.3 to 0.5 m. Two rows are planted. The single-leaf violet protective hedge extends along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel. A horizontal ditch 0.1 to 0.2 m deep is dug along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel near the rear of the panel to collect rainwater. The excavated soil is used to cultivate the base of the protective hedge. d) Establish vegetation in the erosion gully area: The erosion gully area of ​​the target planting site is divided into a catchment area, an active gully head area, and a gentle area. For the erosion gully catchment area of ​​the target planting site, single-leaf vitex should be planted in a horizontal terrace manner, with a row spacing of 1.2~1.8m and a plant spacing of 1~1.5m per row; For the active erosion gully head area of ​​the target planting site, plant single-leaf Vitex negundo in fish-scale pits with a row spacing of 1.5-2m and a plant spacing of 1.5-1.8m per row; For the gently sloping gully area of ​​the target planting site, plant Vitex negundo as a protective hedge along the uppermost edge of the gently sloping gully, perpendicular to the gully direction, with a row spacing of 0.3-0.5m and a plant spacing of 0.3-0.5m per row. Below the Vitex negundo protective hedge, plant Vitex negundo perpendicular to the gully in a horizontal tiered manner, with a row spacing of 1.2-1.8m and a plant spacing of 1-1.5m per row.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between plants in each row is 1.6m when planting in the steep slope planting area.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting row spacing in the gently sloping planting area is 1.4m, and the plant spacing in each row is 1.2m.

4. The establishment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting row spacing in the area under the photovoltaic panels is 0.4m, and the plant spacing in each row is 0.4m.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A horizontal trench, 0.15m deep, extending along the drip line of the photovoltaic panel, is dug near the root of the panel.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting row spacing in the erosion gully catchment area is 1.4m, and the plant spacing in each row is 1.2m.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between plants in each row during the planting of the active area at the head of the erosion gully is 1.6m.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When constructing protective hedges in the gently eroded gully area, the planting row spacing is 0.4m, and the plant spacing per row is 0.4m.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When planting under the protective hedge in the gently eroded gully area, the planting row spacing is 1.4m and the plant spacing per row is 1.2m.

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