Bionic teaching aid for jaw defect in fibula flap reconstruction
By designing bionic teaching aids for reconstructing jaw defects in fibula flap, using high transparency materials and simulated blood vessels and neural structures, the reproducibility and authenticity of the existing jaw reconstruction model are solved, and intuitive jaw reconstruction simulation training is achieved. Improved training effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420383528.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-06-15
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-29
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-02-28
AI Technical Summary
The existing jaw reconstruction simulation training models lack repeatability, high cost, and cannot truly reflect the anatomical structure. In particular, the simulation of blood vessels and neural structures is not realistic enough, resulting in poor training results.
A bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects of fibula flap was designed. The mandible model and fibula model were made using high-transparent organic polymer materials, which reserved blood vessels and neural tubes, and used detachable bone blocks, transparent hoses and elastic rubber bands. Simulate blood vessels and neural structures to achieve intuitive operation and anastomosis training.
Repeatable, intuitive and low-cost jaw reconstruction simulation is achieved. The trainer can intuitively observe the relationship between the resection bone end and important anatomical structure, improving the visibility and accuracy of the training.
Smart Images
Figure CN222125889U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical teaching aids, and particularly relates to a bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw bone defects with a fibula flap. Background Art
[0002] Functional reconstruction of large jaw defects is a key issue in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Vascularized fibula flap or iliac bone flap, as well as vascularized + neuralized bone flap developed in recent years, are the main methods for reconstruction of large segmental jaw defects. However, due to the complex passage of nerves and blood vessels on the surface and inside of the mandible, jaw reconstruction surgery is technically difficult, and its technical improvement mainly relies on two ways: related simulation training and accumulation of surgical experience. For clinical teaching, simulation training has become the easiest and most widely used main training method due to its repeatability and safety. The main carriers of existing jaw reconstruction simulation training at home and abroad include: ① non-biological jaw models; ② animal jaws.
[0003] However, the above-mentioned jaw training models have the following shortcomings: ① They are not repeatable and must be discarded after one operation; ② Animal models are relatively expensive and require large-scale teaching expenses; ③ The physiological structures of the jaws of animals and humans are quite different, and it is impossible to provide trainers with close to realistic feedback in terms of anatomical structure; ④ Non-biological jaw models often lack the vascular and neural structures of the jaws, and it is impossible to provide trainers with close to realistic feedback in terms of meticulous protection and separation of important anatomical structures; ⑤ There are often no secondary indications after the vascular and neural structures are damaged, and it is impossible to provide instructors with close to realistic feedback in terms of assessment and guidance.
[0004] The explanation of jaw reconstruction experiments requires clarity and specificity, but the jaw models currently used have poor visibility, and the relationship between the vascular and nerve anatomical structures on the surface and inside of the jaw and fibula is unclear. The explanation by the instructor is relatively abstract, and the trainees have no intuitive impression and are not easy to understand. Therefore, it is necessary to make a jaw reconstruction simulation operation model that is repeatable, intuitive, low-cost, and environmentally friendly. Utility Model Content
[0005] The utility model aims to provide a bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects with a fibula flap, which is repeatable, intuitive, and low-cost, and can enable trainees to intuitively observe the relationship between the resected bone end and important anatomical structures during mandibular resection surgery, so that trainees can adjust operations in time according to the bionic anatomical structure.
[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the utility model is:
[0007] A bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects with a fibula flap, comprising: a mandibular model and a fibula model;
[0008] The mandibular model comprises a plurality of detachable mandibular bone blocks, wherein the mandibular blood vessels and mandibular nerve channels are arranged inside and on the surface of the detachable mandibular bone blocks;
[0009] The fibula model comprises a plurality of detachable fibula bone blocks, and the surfaces of the detachable fibula bone blocks are paved with fibula vascular channels and fibula nerve channels;
[0010] The size of at least one of the removable mandibular bone blocks is consistent with the size of one of the removable fibula bone blocks.
[0011] According to an embodiment of the utility model, the detachable mandibular bone block is a bone segment from the unilateral mandibular molar to the mandibular angle in the mandibular model.
[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the detachable mandibular bone block is 30 mm or 60 mm long.
[0013] According to an embodiment of the utility model, the detachable mandibular bone block is fixed and connected to the two ends of the mandible by a metal plate that semi-encloses the lower edge of the mandible, which plays a major supporting role for the teaching aid to keep the model in a relatively stable state when the bone segment is taken out.
[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the detachable fibula bone block is a bone segment at the center of the fibula.
[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the detachable fibula bone block is 30 mm or 60 mm long.
[0016] According to an embodiment of the utility model, the detachable fibula bone block is fixed and connected to the two ends of the fibula by an outer connected semi-enclosed metal plate, which plays a major supporting role for the teaching aid to keep the model in a relatively stable state when the bone segment is taken out.
[0017] According to an embodiment of the utility model, a transparent hose is provided in the mandibular vascular channel and the fibula vascular channel, and the transparent hose is filled with pigment.
[0018] According to an embodiment of the utility model, elastic rubber bands are arranged in the mandibular nerve canal and the peroneal nerve canal.
[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the color of the mandibular vascular canal is different from the color of the mandibular neural canal.
[0020] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the utility model has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art:
[0021] 1) The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects with a fibula flap in one embodiment of the utility model uses a mandibular model made of a highly transparent organic polymer material, and reserves mandibular blood vessels and nerve tube channels inside and on the surface of the mandibular model. This design enables the trainee to intuitively observe the relationship between the resected bone end and important anatomical structures during the mandibular resection operation, so that the trainee can adjust the operation in time according to the bionic anatomical structure.
[0022] 2) The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects with a fibula flap in one embodiment of the utility model comprises a detachable mandibular bone block which is a bone segment from the unilateral mandibular molar to the mandibular angle in the mandibular model, 30 mm or 60 mm long, with a total of 2 blocks, which are connected to the remaining mandibular bone through a semi-enclosed metal plate on the lip and cheek sides.
[0023] 3) In one embodiment of the utility model, a bionic teaching aid for reconstructing mandibular defects with a fibula flap is provided in the mandibular vascular channel and the fibula vascular channel. The transparent hose is filled with paint. This design realistically simulates the vascular structure of the mandible. After the fibula flap is transplanted to the mandibular defect, the trainee can simulate vascular anastomosis by microanastomosis of the hose with the corresponding color.
[0024] 4) In one embodiment of the utility model, a bionic teaching aid for reconstructing mandibular defects with a fibula flap is provided with elastic rubber bands in the mandibular nerve duct and the fibula nerve duct to simulate the contents of the nerve. After the fibula flap is transplanted to the mandibular defect, the trainee can simulate nerve anastomosis by microsurgery with the corresponding elastic rubber bands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a mandibular lesion model in an embodiment of the utility model;
[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of nerve simulation in a detachable mandibular bone block in an embodiment of the utility model;
[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a fibula model in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a detachable fibula bone block in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a detachable fibula bone block after filling the jaw defect in one embodiment of the utility model.
[0030] Description of reference numerals:
[0031] 1: mandibular model; 11: removable mandibular bone block; 12: mandibular blood vessels; 13: mandibular nerve; 14: semi-enclosed metal plate; 2: fibula model; 21: removable fibula bone block; 22: fibula blood vessels; 23: fibula nerve; 24: conjoined semi-enclosed metal plate; 25: nerve concave surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The following is a further detailed description of a bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw bone defects with a fibula flap proposed by the utility model in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the utility model will become more apparent according to the following description and claims.
[0033] In view of the problems that the jaw model currently used in jaw reconstruction teaching has poor visibility and the relationship between the jaw and the blood vessels and neural anatomical structures on the surface and inside is unclear, this embodiment provides a bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects with a fibula flap. The mandibular model and the fibula model in the bionic teaching aid are both made of highly transparent organic polymer materials, and fibula blood vessels and neural tube channels are reserved inside and on the surface of the mandibular model and the fibula model. This design enables the trainee to intuitively observe the relationship between the resected bone ends and important anatomical structures during the mandibular and fibula resection operation, so that the trainee can adjust the operation in time according to the bionic anatomical structure.
[0034] In view of the problem that the existing jaw reconstruction training model is not reusable, the present embodiment adopts a jaw model with detachable bone blocks and a fibula model with detachable bone blocks, which can simulate the removal of the fibula block from the fibula model to fill the jaw defect in the jaw model. Therefore, when teaching the reconstruction of jaw defects, the jaw defect can be simulated by removing a jaw block from the jaw model. The size of the removed jaw block can be found from the detachable bone block in the fibula model, and the jaw reconstruction can be achieved by removing the fibula block of the corresponding size from the fibula model and installing it in the defective jaw model. In addition, the transparent hose and elastic rubber band used for practicing blood vessel and nerve anastomosis can be replaced, which also gives the teaching model reusability.
[0035] In the specific embodiment, the position and connection relationship of the detachable mandibular bone block in the mandibular model, and the position and connection relationship of the detachable fibula bone block in the fibula model are described in detail. Further, the conjoined semi-enclosed metal plate is used to fix and connect the two ends of the mandibular bone and the fibula in the teaching aid model, and plays a major supporting role for the teaching aid to keep the model in a relatively stable state when the bone segment is taken out. There is no connection between the conjoined semi-enclosed metal plate and the detachable bone block to ensure that the bone block can be smoothly taken and placed during demonstration or operation. In addition, the elastic rubber band is made of rubber and latex with a diameter of 2mm to ensure that the simulated nerve has a certain elasticity. The proximal end of the nerve made of the rubber band is fixed to the mandibular foramen position opened on the mandibular model to ensure that it will not swing at will during demonstration or operation. The nerve simulated by the rubber band passes through the reserved nerve tube channel, and the passing nerve and the distal end of the nerve are both in a non-fixed state.
[0036] Specifically, the bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects with a fibula flap includes: a mandibular model and a fibula model. The mandibular model includes a plurality of detachable mandibular bone blocks, and the mandibular blood vessels and mandibular nerve canals are laid inside and on the surface of the detachable mandibular bone blocks. The fibula model includes a plurality of detachable fibula bone blocks, and the fibula blood vessels and fibula nerve canals are laid on the surface of the detachable fibula bone blocks. The size of the detachable mandibular bone block is consistent with that of the detachable fibula bone block. After the fibula flap is transplanted to the mandibular defect, the trainee simulates the anastomosis of blood vessels and nerves by microsurgery to anastomose the canals of corresponding colors.
[0037] Please see Figure 1 The mandibular model 1 is made of highly transparent organic polymer materials, and the model has good visibility. Mandibular blood vessels and nerve tube channels are reserved inside and on the surface of the mandibular model. This design enables trainees to intuitively observe the relationship between the resected bone end and important anatomical structures during mandibular resection surgery, so that trainees can adjust the operation in time according to the bionic anatomical structure.
[0038] The bone segment from the mandibular molar to the mandibular angle of the mandibular model 1 is used as a removable mandibular bone block 11. The removable mandibular bone block 11 is 30.00 mm or 60.00 mm long, and there are 2 pieces in total. The removable mandibular bone block 11 is connected to the remaining mandibular bone through a semi-enclosed metal plate 14, and the semi-enclosed metal plate 14 is fixed to the bones outside the two ends of the removable bone block by nail holes to ensure the overall connection.
[0039] The mandibular model 1 has a reserved mandibular vascular channel on its surface to simulate the mandibular blood vessels 12, which may be the arteriovenous pedicle of the affected area. In practical applications, an elastic transparent hose containing red pigment can be passed through the reserved mandibular vascular channel with the aid of an iron wire, and the two ends are fixed and the iron wire is pulled out to simulate the mandibular blood vessels and blood.
[0040] Please see Figure 2 , a mandibular nerve canal channel is reserved inside the detachable mandibular bone block 11 to simulate the mandibular nerve 13. The mandibular nerve 13 can be a nerve in the affected area. In actual application, an elastic yellow rubber band mold is used to assist iron wire to pass through the reserved mandibular nerve canal, one end of the yellow rubber band is fixed and the iron wire is pulled out to simulate the contents of the mandibular nerve. This design realistically simulates the nerve structure of the mandible, and after the fibula flap is transplanted into the mandibular defect, the trainee can simulate the anastomosis of blood vessels and nerves through micro-anastomosis of a hose or elastic rubber band of the corresponding color, and detect the success of the anastomosis by pushing liquid, which is vivid and lifelike. Among them, the nerve simulated by the rubber band passes through the reserved mandibular nerve canal channel, and the two ends are fixed to ensure that they will not swing at will during demonstration or operation. There is no special fixing method for fixing the two ends here, that is, it is a fixed connection in a general sense, such as using existing adhesion, perforation binding and other methods.
[0041] Please see Figure 3 The fibula model 2 is made of highly transparent organic polymer material, and fibula blood vessels and nerve canal channels are reserved on the surface of the fibula model 2. This design enables trainees to intuitively observe the relationship between the resected bone end and important anatomical structures during the fibula resection operation, so that trainees can adjust the operation in time according to the bionic anatomical structure.
[0042] The bone segment at the center of the fibula model 2 is used as a removable fibula bone block 21. The removable fibula bone block 21 is 30.00 mm or 60.00 mm long, and there are two pieces in total. The removable fibula bone block 21 is connected to the remaining fibula through a posterolateral conjoined semi-enclosed metal plate 24. When the length of the removable mandibular bone block 11 is 30.00 mm, one of the above-mentioned fibula bone blocks 21 can be transplanted. When the length of the removable mandibular bone block 11 is 60.00 mm, two of the above-mentioned fibula bone blocks 21 can be transplanted.
[0043] The surface of the fibula model 2 has reserved fibula blood vessels and nerve canal channels, and the surface of the detachable fibula bone block 21 also has corresponding fibula blood vessels and nerve canal channels. Figure 4 The surface of the detachable fibula bone block 21 is provided with a fibula blood vessel 22 and a fibula nerve 23. The fibula blood vessel 22 can be an arteriovenous pedicle of the donor area, and the fibula nerve 23 can be a nerve of the donor area. In practical applications, an elastic transparent hose containing red pigment can be passed through the reserved fibula blood vessel channel with the assistance of iron wire, and both ends can be fixed and the iron wire can be pulled out to simulate the fibula blood vessel and blood; an elastic yellow rubber band can be passed through the reserved concave surface 25 of the fibula nerve with the assistance of iron wire, and one end of the yellow rubber band can be fixed and the iron wire can be pulled out to simulate the fibula nerve. This design realistically simulates the nerve and blood vessel structure of the fibula, and after the fibula flap is transplanted into the mandibular defect, the trainee can simulate the anastomosis of blood vessels and nerves through microanastomosis of the corresponding colored hose or elastic rubber band.
[0044] The fibular nerve simulated in the fibula runs on the surface of the fibula, and the fibular nerve simulated by the elastic rubber band adheres to the surface of the fibula along the preset nerve concave surface. Since there is no clear research to indicate the real elasticity of the nerve, and the teaching aid demonstration mainly involves the cutting and suturing of the rubber band, there is no clear regulation on the elasticity of the elastic rubber band. The existing ordinary rubber band can be used as long as it can simulate the nerve passing through the neural tube channel.
[0045] In summary, the bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defect with fibula flap in this embodiment simulates the bone that needs surgical resection due to lesions at the jaw, and simulates the bone supply area of transplanted bone at the fibula. Therefore, when teaching the reconstruction of jaw defect, a jaw model with detachable bone blocks and a fibula model with detachable bone blocks can be used to remove a jaw block from the jaw model to simulate jaw defect. The size of the removed jaw block can be found from the detachable bone block in the fibula model, and the simulated jaw reconstruction can be achieved by removing the fibula block of the corresponding size from the fibula model and installing it in the defective jaw model.
[0046] In addition, based on the goal of nerve microanastomosis simulation training and the actual neural anatomical structure, the inferior alveolar nerve simulated in the jaw passes through the mandibular nerve canal, and an elastic rubber band is set in the mandibular nerve canal to simulate the inferior alveolar nerve. There is no connection between the simulated inferior alveolar nerve and the jaw model. The peroneal nerve simulated in the fibula runs on the surface of the fibula, and the peroneal nerve simulated by the elastic rubber band adheres to the surface of the fibula along the preset nerve concave surface. Among them, the blood vessels and nerves involved in the model are continuous, which is used to simulate the vascular pedicle, nerve cutting and anastomosis during bone flap acquisition. The above-mentioned blood vessels and nerves can be replaced, making them reusable, reducing the loss of teaching aids and the cost of replacement.
[0047] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, if these changes fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, they still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defects using a fibula flap, characterized in that: include: Mandibular model and fibula model; The mandibular model comprises a plurality of detachable mandibular bone blocks, wherein the mandibular blood vessels and mandibular nerve channels are arranged inside and on the surface of the detachable mandibular bone blocks; The fibula model comprises a plurality of detachable fibula bone blocks, and the surfaces of the detachable fibula bone blocks are paved with fibula vascular channels and fibula nerve channels; The size of at least one of the removable mandibular bone blocks is consistent with the size of one of the removable fibula bone blocks.
2. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw bone defects with a fibula flap as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The detachable mandibular bone block is the bone segment from the unilateral mandibular molar to the mandibular angle in the mandibular model.
3. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defect with fibula flap as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The detachable mandibular bone block is 30 mm or 60 mm long.
4. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defect with fibula flap as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The detachable mandibular bone block is fixed by the metal plate half-surrounding the lower edge of the mandibular bone and connects the two ends of the mandibular bone, thus playing a supporting role for the teaching aid.
5. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defect with fibula flap as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The detachable fibula bone block is a bone segment at the center of the fibula.
6. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw bone defects using a fibula flap as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The detachable fibula bone block is 30 mm or 60 mm long.
7. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defect with fibula flap as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The detachable fibula bone block is fixed by the outer connected semi-enclosed metal plate and connects the two ends of the fibula, so as to support the teaching aid.
8. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw bone defects with a fibula flap as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A transparent hose is arranged in the mandibular vascular channel and the fibula vascular channel, and the transparent hose is filled with pigment.
9. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defect with fibula flap as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Elastic rubber bands are arranged in the mandibular nerve canal and the peroneal nerve canal.
10. The bionic teaching aid for reconstructing jaw defect with fibula flap as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The color of the mandibular vascular canal is different from the color of the mandibular neural canal.