Railway freight train side frame supporting seat hole machining tool
By designing a processing tool for supporting seat holes on the side frame of the railway freight train, the three-dimensional positioning of the inner guide frame, outer guide frame and tabletop of the side frame is used for three-dimensional positioning, the problem of low machining accuracy and efficiency of the support seat holes in the prior art is solved, and higher processing accuracy and higher production efficiency are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421675978.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-16
AI Technical Summary
When processing the support seat holes of the side frame of the railway freight train, the existing technology has problems such as cumbersome operation, low efficiency and difficult to ensure product quality. Especially because the processing technology accuracy requirements of the support seat holes are high, the processing operation is difficult, and secondary relative positioning errors are prone to occur, resulting in position deviations and production waste.
A railway freight train side frame support seat hole processing tool is designed, and the three-dimensional space is positioned using the inner guide frame, outer guide frame and tabletop that have been processed in advance on the freight train side frame to achieve accurate boring processing of the support seat hole. The tooling includes components such as bottom plate, positioning seat, pressing plate, top wire, positioning block and bolt rod. Through the cooperation of these components, the relative position accuracy of the support seat hole can be ensured in a single mounting and fixing.
The tooling effectively improves the processing accuracy and production efficiency of the support seat holes, reduces the error of manual scribe and positioning, reduces workers' labor intensity and production costs, shortens the product processing cycle, and significantly improves product quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN222902695U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of side frame processing of railway freight trains, and particularly relates to a processing tool for the support seat holes of the side frames of railway freight trains. Background Art
[0002] The side frame is an important load-bearing component in the bogie of a freight train, which is processed from an integral cast steel blank. It combines various components in the bogie to form an overall structure, and bears and transmits various acting forces and dynamic loads during operation. It is one of the key components related to the operation safety of freight trains. Figure 1 The following figure shows the basic structure diagram of a cast steel blank of a side frame of a heavy-axle freight train, in which boring processing needs to be carried out on 2 support seat holes 30 for connecting the brake beam cross rods. The current processing method is to carry out processing by piece-by-piece scribing and alignment according to the scribing. Since the side frames of freight trains are usually large in size, heavy in weight, complex in structure, and irregular in the shape of the blank surface, scribing piece by piece in production not only has the disadvantages of cumbersome and difficult operation, high working intensity, and low operation efficiency, but also often causes human alignment errors in manual scribing, resulting in the problem that the product quality is difficult to be stably guaranteed. At the same time, due to the high processing precision requirements for the 2 support seat holes 30, only by strictly aligning and setting the tool according to the scribing during the processing can the processing precision of the support seat holes 30 be guaranteed. The processing operation is very difficult. Especially when the 2 support seat holes 30 on the same side frame are processed separately in two times, not only the efficiency is low, but also it is very easy to generate a secondary relative positioning error between the 2 support seat holes 30, sometimes resulting in out-of-tolerance position, scrapping the product and causing production waste. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the processing technology method for the support seat holes of the side frames of freight trains used in current production. By researching and developing an auxiliary tool specially matched with the processing of the support seat holes of the side frames of heavy-axle freight trains, the processing precision of the support seat holes of the side frames of freight trains can be guaranteed, the labor intensity of workers can be reduced, and the production efficiency of products can be improved. Summary of the Utility Model
[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a processing tool for the support seat holes of the side frames of railway freight trains, which is applied in a supporting manner to the boring processing of the support seat holes of the side frames of freight trains and improves the processing technology method for the support seat holes of the side frames of freight trains.
[0004] A processing tool for the support seat holes of the side frames of railway freight trains, comprising: a bottom plate, a left positioning seat, a right positioning seat, a front positioning seat, a longitudinal pressing plate, a horizontal pressing plate, a side jackscrew, a longitudinal positioning block, a transverse positioning block, a longitudinal bolt rod and a vertical bolt rod; the bottom plate is a horizontally arranged flat plate body, and a bolt connection structure is arranged on the flat plate body and can be fixedly connected with the processing platform of the boring processing equipment; the left positioning seat and the right positioning seat are arranged corresponding to each other and are respectively fixedly installed on the transverse two sides of the bottom plate surface; both the left positioning seat and the right positioning seat respectively have a bearing platform and a vertical vertical plate, and bearing blocks are respectively installed on the upper ends of the two bearing platforms, and the upper end surfaces of the bearing blocks are vertical positioning surfaces for vertically positioning the side frames of the freight trains, and the vertical positioning surfaces respectively form corresponding fits with the bearing surfaces on the side frames of the freight trains; longitudinal positioning blocks and the longitudinally horizontally arranged longitudinal bolt rods are respectively installed on the front side plate surfaces of the two vertical vertical plates, and the front end surfaces of the longitudinal positioning blocks are longitudinal positioning surfaces for longitudinally positioning the side frames of the freight trains, and the longitudinal positioning surfaces form corresponding fits with the outer guide frame surfaces on the side frames of the freight trains; a longitudinal pressing plate is arranged on the longitudinal bolt rod with a nut for limiting and matching; when one end of the longitudinal pressing plate is placed on the front side surface of the bearing platform, the other end can correspond to the longitudinal positioning block, and fully screwing in the matching nut on the longitudinal bolt rod can make the longitudinal pressing plate cooperate with the longitudinal positioning surface to clamp and fix the side frame of the freight train longitudinally; at the same time, the side jackscrew is installed at the transverse outer end of the left positioning seat, and the transverse positioning block is installed at the transverse outer end of the right positioning seat. The outer end surface of the transverse positioning block is a transverse positioning surface for transversely positioning the side frames of the freight trains. The side jackscrew and the transverse positioning block are arranged corresponding to each other in position, so that the end of the side jackscrew and the transverse positioning surface respectively form corresponding fits with the inner guide frame surfaces on both sides of the side frames of the freight trains. Fully screwing out the side jackscrew outward so that the side jackscrew abuts against the inner guide frame surface on the corresponding side can make the end of the side jackscrew and the transverse positioning surface cooperate to tension and fix the side frame of the freight train transversely; the front positioning seat and the vertical bolt rod are arranged corresponding to each other and are installed on the longitudinal front side of the bottom plate surface. A horizontal pressing plate is arranged on the vertical bolt rod with a nut for limiting and matching. When one end of the horizontal pressing plate is placed on the upper end surface of the front positioning seat, the other end of the horizontal pressing plate can correspondingly press against the spring installation surface on the side frame of the freight train. Fully screwing in the matching nut on the vertical bolt rod can make the horizontal pressing plate cooperate with the vertical positioning surface to press and fix the side frame of the freight train vertically;Positioned laterally relative to the base plate using the longitudinal positioning surface and tensioned by the side jacks, positioned longitudinally using the longitudinal positioning surface and clamped by the longitudinal pressing plate, and positioned vertically using the vertical positioning surface and pressed by the horizontal pressing plate. The side frame of the freight train can be fixedly loaded on the fixture for machining the support seat holes, and the support seat holes to be machined can be positioned at the machining station of the boring machine for boring processing.
[0005] The fixture for machining the support seat holes of the side frame of a railway freight train further includes: a rear positioning seat and a rear jack installed on the rear positioning seat. The rear positioning seat is arranged at the longitudinal rear side of the base plate surface. Fully screwing the rear jack forward can make the rear jack abut against the rear side of the spring seat on the side frame of the freight train, longitudinally strengthening and fixing the side frame of the freight train that has been fixedly loaded on the fixture for machining the support seat holes, further improving the stability and reliability of the fixed loading of the side frame of the freight train on the fixture for machining the support seat holes.
[0006] The fixture for machining the support seat holes of the side frame of a railway freight train further includes: a pressing block separately provided from the horizontal pressing plate. The pressing block is a columnar body with flat upper and lower end faces, which can be placed on the spring mounting surface of the side frame of the freight train, making the upper end face of the pressing block higher than the height of the spring limit stop arranged on the spring mounting surface, and at the same time keeping it at the same horizontal height as the upper end face of the front positioning seat, so that the horizontal pressing plate can horizontally and evenly press against the spring mounting surface by means of the pressing block, improving the stability and reliability of the pressing fit between the horizontal pressing plate and the spring mounting surface. The separate structure relative to the horizontal pressing plate can timely perform local replacement and maintenance on the pressing block when it is worn and damaged, reducing production losses and saving production costs.
[0007] For the fixture for machining the support seat holes of the side frame of a railway freight train, it is preferably provided with upper positioning pins between the front positioning seat and the base plate and between the rear positioning seat and the base plate respectively, to improve and ensure the positioning accuracy of the front positioning seat and the rear positioning seat on the base plate, and ensure the positioning accuracy of the lateral positioning block, the longitudinal positioning block and the bearing block for the side frame of the freight train.
[0008] For the fixture for machining the support seat holes of the side frame of a railway freight train, it is preferably that the bearing blocks are respectively installed on the bearing platforms in the left positioning seat and the right positioning seat in a detachable manner, which can not only facilitate the immediate adjustment of the setting state of the vertical positioning surface on the bearing block, but also facilitate the timely replacement of the bearing block worn and damaged by the gravity of the workpiece to be processed, improving the use efficiency of the fixture and reducing the consumption of production costs.
[0009] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: A processing tooling for the support seat holes of the side frames of railway freight trains is provided. The inner guide frame surface, outer guide frame surface, and bearing surface that have been pre-processed on the side frames of freight trains are used for the overall three-dimensional positioning of the side frames of freight trains. Once clamped and fixed, boring processing can be sequentially performed on the two support seat holes on the workpiece to be processed, effectively ensuring the relative position accuracy between the two support seat holes, improving the processing efficiency. In particular, the application of this tooling replaces the extensive manual scribing and positioning method in the prior art. On the one hand, it eliminates the operation errors generated during the positioning scribing and machining alignment processes, making the product positioning more accurate and the machining accuracy more precise, enhancing the stability and reliability of the product processing quality. On the other hand, it saves the occupancy of heavy equipment such as overhead cranes for the positioning scribing operation, reduces the labor intensity of workers, reduces the production cost consumption, shortens the product processing cycle, and can significantly reduce the production cost, improve the production efficiency, and improve the product quality when applied to actual production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Figure 1 It is a structure diagram of the side frame of a heavy-axle railway freight train.
[0011] Figure 2 It is the front view of the structure of the processing tooling for the support seat holes of the side frame of a railway freight train in the state of clamping the side frame.
[0012] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 The sectional view taken along the A-A section in
[0013] Figure 4 It is the top view of the structure of the processing tooling for the support seat holes of the side frame of a railway freight train.
[0014] Figure 5 It is the top view of the local processing and positioning state of the right positioning seat.
[0015] Wherein: 1 is the bottom plate, 2 is the left positioning seat, 3 is the right positioning seat, 4 is the front positioning seat, 5 is the rear positioning seat, 6 is the longitudinal pressure plate, 7 is the horizontal pressure plate, 8 is the side top screw, 9 is the rear top screw, 10 is the side frame of the railway freight train, 11 is the pressing block, 12 is the upper positioning pin, 13 is the lower positioning pin, 14 is the connecting bolt, 15 is the longitudinal positioning block, 16 is the transverse positioning block, 17 is the longitudinal bolt rod, 18 is the vertical bolt rod, 19 is the bearing block, 20 is the support seat hole, 21 is the bearing surface, 22 is the outer guide frame surface, 23 is the inner guide frame surface, 24 is the spring installation surface, 25 is the rear side surface of the spring seat, 26 is the spring limit stop. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0016] Furthermore, in combination with specific embodiments and their accompanying drawings, a specific description is made of the technical solutions claimed in the present utility model.
[0017] A machining tool for the side frame support seat holes of a heavy-axle railway freight train, as Figures 2 to 5 shown, is composed of a bottom plate 1, a left positioning seat 2, a right positioning seat 3, a front positioning seat 4, a rear positioning seat 5, a longitudinal pressing plate 6, a horizontal pressing plate 7, a side jackscrew 8, a rear jackscrew 9, a pressing block 11, an upper positioning pin 12, a lower positioning pin 13, a longitudinal positioning block 15, a transverse positioning block 16, a longitudinal bolt rod 17, a vertical bolt rod 18 and a bearing block 19.
[0018] The bottom plate 1 is a rectangular flat plate body, on which bolt holes, upper positioning grooves and lower positioning holes are respectively arranged. The bottom plate 1 can be positioned by the lower positioning pins 13 fitted and embedded in the lower positioning holes, and is fixedly connected with the processing platform of the processing boring machine by the connecting bolts 14 corresponding to and mating with the bolt holes. The left positioning seat 2 and the right positioning seat 3 are fixedly installed on the transverse two sides of the bottom plate 1 respectively and correspondingly. Upper positioning holes are respectively opened on the bases of the left positioning seat 2 and the right positioning seat 3, and the upper positioning holes respectively correspond to the upper positioning grooves arranged on the bottom plate 1. The installation positions of the left positioning seat 2 and the right positioning seat 3 are respectively defined and positioned by the upper positioning pins 12 fitted and embedded in the upper positioning holes and the upper positioning grooves correspondingly. The left positioning seat 2 and the right positioning seat 3 respectively have longitudinally arranged bearing platforms and transversely arranged vertical plates. The bearing blocks 19 are respectively bolted and installed on the upper ends of the bearing platforms. The upper end surfaces of the bearing blocks 19 are vertical positioning surfaces. The longitudinal positioning blocks 15 and the longitudinal bolt rods 17 are respectively installed on the front side plate surfaces of the vertical plates. The front end surfaces of the longitudinal positioning blocks 15 are longitudinal positioning surfaces. Corresponding matching nuts and longitudinal pressing plates 6 are arranged on the longitudinal bolt rods 17. The longitudinal pressing plates 6 are provided with cut-off grooves corresponding to the diameters of the longitudinal bolt rods 17 in width. The longitudinal pressing plates 6 can be inserted on the longitudinal bolt rods 17 by using the cut-off grooves, and can be limited axially on the longitudinal bolt rods 17 by the matching nuts at the same time. Meanwhile, side jackscrews 8 are installed at the transverse outer ends of the left positioning seat 2, and transverse positioning blocks 16 are installed at the transverse outer ends of the right positioning seat 3. The side jackscrews 8 and the transverse positioning blocks 16 are arranged in corresponding positions. The outer end surfaces of the transverse positioning blocks 16 are transverse positioning surfaces. The front positioning seat 4 is correspondingly arranged and installed on the longitudinal front side of the bottom plate 1 with the vertical bolt rod 18. Corresponding matching nuts and horizontal pressing plates 7 are arranged on the vertical bolt rod 18. Meanwhile, pressing blocks 11 are also configured. The horizontal pressing plates 7 are provided with cut-off grooves corresponding to the diameters of the vertical bolt rods 18 in width. The horizontal pressing plates 7 can be inserted on the vertical bolt rods 18 by using the cut-off grooves, and can be limited axially on the vertical bolt rods 18 by the matching nuts at the same time. The pressing blocks 11 are cylinders, and the height of the cylinders is greater than the height of the spring limiting stops 26 on the spring installation surface 24 of the side frame 10 of the freight train. When the pressing blocks 11 are vertically placed on the spring installation surface 24, the upper end surfaces of the pressing blocks 11 can be at the same horizontal height as the upper end surfaces of the front positioning seats 4. The rear positioning seat 5 is installed on the longitudinal rear side of the bottom plate 1, and rear jackscrews 9 are installed in the rear positioning seat 5 in a matching manner.
[0019] Applying the processing tooling for the support seat holes of the side frame of the heavy-axle railway freight train described in this example toFigure 1 Boring the support seat holes of the side frame of a heavy-axle railway freight train as shown, and loading the workpiece includes the following steps:
[0020] Step 1. Place the boring tooling for the support seat holes of the side frame of the heavy-axle railway freight train on the processing platform of the dedicated boring machine for processing, align the bolt holes 14 and the lower positioning holes on the bottom plate 1 with the corresponding structures on the processing platform respectively. After inserting the lower positioning pin 13 into the lower positioning hole to define the installation position, then use the connecting bolts 14 to fixedly connect the bottom plate 1 to the processing platform;
[0021] Step 2. Lift the side frame 10 of the freight train to be processed to the processing station, align the bearing surfaces 21 at both ends of the side frame 10 of the freight train with the bearing blocks 19 installed on the left positioning seat 2 and the right positioning seat 3 respectively, and then place the side frame 10 of the freight train on the processing tooling, so that the vertical positioning surfaces on the bearing blocks 19 respectively cooperate with the bearing surfaces 21 to support the side frame 10 of the freight train, realizing the vertical positioning of the side frame 10 of the freight train;
[0022] Step 3. Adjust the placement position of the side frame 10 of the freight train in the rearward direction relative to the bottom plate 1, so that the outer guide frame surfaces 22 on both sides of the side frame 10 of the freight train are respectively in close contact with the longitudinal positioning blocks 15. Through the corresponding cooperation between the longitudinal positioning surfaces on the longitudinal positioning blocks 15 and the outer guide frame surfaces 22, realize the longitudinal positioning of the side frame 10 of the freight train;
[0023] Step 4. Rotate the side jackscrew 8 installed on the left positioning seat 2, so that the side jackscrew 8 screws outwards and abuts against the inner guide frame surface 23 on the corresponding side of the side frame 10 of the freight train. Screwing out the side jackscrew 8 fully can adjust the lateral setting position of the side frame 10 of the freight train, so that the inner guide frame surface 23 relative to the other side is in close contact with the transverse positioning block 16. Through the corresponding cooperation between the transverse positioning surface on the transverse positioning block 16 and the inner guide frame surface 23, realize the transverse positioning of the side frame 10 of the freight train, and at the same time cooperate with the side jackscrew 8 to tension and fix the side frame 10 of the freight train transversely;
[0024] Step 5. Insert the longitudinal pressure plates 6 into the longitudinal bolt rods 17 respectively in corresponding cooperation, so that one end of the longitudinal pressure plate 6 is placed on the front side surface of the bearing platform, and the other end is placed on the side frame 10 of the freight train and corresponds to the longitudinal positioning block 15. Tighten the matching nuts, so that the longitudinal pressure plate 6 and the longitudinal positioning block 15 cooperate to clamp and fix the side frame 10 of the freight train longitudinally;
[0025] Step 6. First, place the pressing block 11 on the spring mounting surface 24 of the freight train side frame 10, and then fit and insert the horizontal pressing plate 7 onto the vertical bolt rod 18, such that one end of the horizontal pressing plate 7 is placed on the upper end surface of the front positioning seat 4, and the other end is placed on the upper end surface of the pressing block 11. Tighten the matching nut to make the horizontal pressing plate 7 cooperate with the bearing block 19 to tightly fix the freight train side frame 10 in the vertical direction.
[0026] Step 7. Finally, fully screw in the rear jackscrew 9 so that the rear jackscrew 9 abuts against the rear side surface 25 of the spring seat on the freight train side frame 10. On the basis that the freight train side frame 10 has been positioned and fixed in the transverse, longitudinal, and vertical directions, further strengthen the fixing strength of the freight train side frame 10 and enhance the stability and reliability of the installation.
[0027] After completing the loading operation of the above steps, the boring machine can be started to perform boring processing on the two support seat holes 20 on the freight train side frame 10.
Claims
1. A railway freight train side frame support seat hole processing tool, characterized in that: include: A bottom plate (1), a left positioning seat (2), a right positioning seat (3), a front positioning seat (4), a longitudinal pressing plate (6), a horizontal pressing plate (7), a side top screw (8), a longitudinal positioning block (15), a transverse positioning block (16), a longitudinal bolt rod (17) and a vertical bolt rod (18); the bottom plate (1) is a horizontally arranged plane plate body, a bolt connection structure is arranged on the plane plate body, the left positioning seat (2) and the right positioning seat (3) are arranged corresponding to each other and are respectively fixedly installed on the transverse sides of the bottom plate (1); the left positioning seat (2) and the right positioning seat (3) are respectively provided with a bearing platform and a vertical upright plate, and the two bearing platforms are provided with a bolt connection structure. The upper ends are respectively provided with bearing blocks (19), the upper end surfaces of the bearing blocks (19) being vertical positioning surfaces for vertically positioning the freight train side frame (10), and the vertical positioning surfaces respectively form a corresponding match with the bearing platform surfaces (21) on the freight train side frame (10), and the longitudinal positioning blocks (15) and the longitudinal bolt rods (17) arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction are respectively provided on the front side plate surfaces of the two vertical upright plates, the front end surfaces of the longitudinal positioning blocks (15) being longitudinal positioning surfaces for longitudinally positioning the freight train side frame (10), and the longitudinal positioning surfaces respectively form a corresponding match with the outer guide frame surface (22) on the freight train side frame (10). The longitudinal bolt rod (17) is provided with the longitudinal pressing plate (6) by means of a nut and a limiting matching device. When one end of the longitudinal pressing plate (6) is placed on the front end side of the bearing platform, the other end can correspond to the longitudinal positioning block (15). At the same time, the lateral top screw (8) is installed on the lateral outer end of the left positioning seat (2), and the lateral positioning block (16) is installed on the lateral outer end of the right positioning seat (3). The outer end surface of the lateral positioning block (16) is a lateral positioning surface for lateral positioning of the freight train side frame (10). The lateral top screw (8) and the lateral positioning block (16) are located between the lateral top screw (8) and the lateral positioning block (16). The positions are arranged to correspond to each other, so that the ends of the side top screws (8) and the transverse positioning surfaces respectively form corresponding cooperation with the inner guide frame surfaces (23) of the outer curved hooks on both sides of the freight train side frame (10); the front positioning seat (4) and the vertical bolt rod (18) are arranged to be installed on the longitudinal front side of the plate surface of the bottom plate (1) in correspondence with each other, and the horizontal pressing plate (7) is provided on the vertical bolt rod (18) by a nut and a matching limiting device. When one end of the horizontal pressing plate (7) is placed on the upper end surface of the front positioning seat (4), the other end of the horizontal pressing plate (7) can be pressed against the spring mounting surface (24) on the freight train side frame (10) in correspondence.
2. A railway freight train side frame support seat hole processing tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A rear positioning seat (5) and a rear top screw (9) mounted on the rear positioning seat (5); the rear positioning seat (5) is arranged and mounted on the longitudinal rear side of the bottom plate (1); the rear top screw (9) is fully screwed forward so that the rear top screw (9) can abut against the rear side surface (25) of the spring seat on the freight train side frame (10).
3. A railway freight train side frame support seat hole processing tool as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A pressure block (11) is separately arranged from the horizontal pressure plate (7), and is a cylindrical body with both upper and lower end surfaces being flat. The pressure block (11) can be placed on the spring mounting surface (24) on the freight train side frame (10), so that the upper end surface of the pressure block (11) is higher than the height of the spring limit stop (26) arranged on the spring mounting surface (24), while maintaining the same horizontal height as the upper end surface of the front positioning seat (4).
4. A railway freight train side frame support seat hole processing tool as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: Upper positioning pins (12) are respectively provided between the front positioning seat (4) and the bottom plate (1) and between the rear positioning seat (5) and the bottom plate (1).
5. A railway freight train side frame support seat hole processing tool as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The bearing blocks (19) are respectively detachably mounted on the bearing platforms in the left positioning seat (2) and the right positioning seat (3).