Mud and sand purification system and water taking structure applied to riverside water taking in sandy gravel area

Abstract

The utility model discloses a muddy sand purification system and a water taking structure applied to riverside water taking in a sandy gravel area, the muddy sand purification system is arranged beside a river channel at a radiant tube water taking opening of a water collecting well, and the muddy sand purification system comprises a filter layer, a muddy sand sedimentation belt and a first gabion barrier belt. The filtering layer is arranged on a river bank or a river bank wall, and at least surrounds part of the water taking area in the horizontal direction; the silt settling zone is arranged on the water inlet side, away from the river embankment or the river bank wall, of the filtering layer and comprises at least one group of microorganism adhering bases; the first gabion blocking belt is arranged on the water inlet side, away from the river embankment or the river bank wall, of the mud and sand sedimentation belt and comprises a gabion belt body, and the gabion belt body is formed by stacking a plurality of gabions. According to the scheme, the effect of reducing the content of mud, sand and microorganisms entering the filter material layer is achieved through the mud and sand buffer zone formed by the gabion barrier zone and the microorganism attachment base, and finally the purposes of purifying the quality of taken water and guaranteeing the safety of drinking water are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a mud and sand purification structure, specifically to a mud and sand purification system and water intake structure applied to river water intake in sandy and gravelly areas. Background Technology

[0002] Based on actual needs, some drinking water sources are drawn from rivers. To minimize the impact of human activities on water quality, these sources are chosen near the upstream alluvial deposits. However, this often results in riverbeds with high gravel content, poor roundness, and poor sorting, leading to large pores and high permeability. This, in turn, results in high sediment content in the upstream water during the rainy season, causing high turbidity at the intake. If the original gravel layer is insufficient to purify sediment during the high-water season, it places a significant burden on the wastewater treatment equipment. Using loose filter media involves large replacement volumes, high costs, and susceptibility to clogging during the high-water season (clogging within 2-3 days), leading to poor permeability and repeated, costly, and time-consuming replacements. Ultimately, this results in compromised water quality for domestic use during the high-water season. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mud and sand purification system structure for river water intake in sandy and gravelly areas, so as to provide a system and structure that can reliably purify mud and sand in river water intake areas with high sand content.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention provides a sediment purification system for water intake along a river in a gravelly area. The system is installed in the river channel at the intake of a radiating pipe of a collection well. A circular or annular area with the collection well as the center and the distance from the center to the free end of the radiating pipe as the radius is defined as the water intake area. The sediment purification system includes a filter layer, a sediment settling zone, and a first gabion barrier zone. The filter layer is arranged on the riverbank or river wall, and horizontally, it at least partially surrounds the water intake area. The sediment settling zone is located on the water inlet side of the filter layer away from the riverbank or river wall, and contains at least one set of microbial attachment substrates. The first gabion barrier zone is located on the water inlet side of the sediment settling zone away from the riverbank or river wall, and includes a gabion body composed of multiple stacked gabions.

[0006] When upstream water interacts with this sediment purification system, it first passes through a gabion barrier. The function of this gabion barrier is to achieve a permeability coefficient of up to 20 m / d through graded screening and combination, which can block about 85% to 90% of large particles. At the same time, it reduces the hydrodynamic force of the incoming water, prevents floods from damaging the microbial attachment substrate, increases its service life, and increases the reaction time of the microbial attachment substrate for the adsorption of microorganisms and fine sediment particles.

[0007] This sedimentation zone mainly uses microbial substrates to adsorb microorganisms and fine-particle sediment.

[0008] This filter media layer further filters out pollutants such as cement and sand. Water with low cement and sand content passes through the filter media layer, resulting in good purification and ensuring the service life of the filter media layer.

[0009] In this way, the solution uses a gabion barrier and a microbial attachment substrate to form a mud and sand buffer zone, thereby reducing the mud, sand and microbial content entering the filter media layer, ultimately improving the quality of the water intake and ensuring the safety of drinking water.

[0010] In some embodiments, the water inlet side of the gabion barrier is an outwardly arched arc surface.

[0011] In some embodiments, a gabion includes a gabion frame and filling material, wherein the gabion frames are provided with interconnecting or interlocking connectors.

[0012] In some embodiments, a second gabion barrier is provided between the aforementioned sedimentation zone and the filter layer, so that the sedimentation zone is confined within the space formed between the first gabion barrier and the second gabion barrier.

[0013] In some embodiments, the aforementioned microbial substrates are arranged in an array within the space formed between the first and second gabion barrier strips. This array arrangement facilitates the uniform distribution of the microbial substrates within the space, ensuring that water flow can uniformly contact the microorganisms as it passes through the area, thus avoiding the formation of treatment dead zones.

[0014] In some embodiments, the above-described silt purification system is installed on the side of the river bend where a collection well is located; horizontally, the filter layer is arranged in a crescent shape on the inner side of the river bend. This design is because the water flow in the river bend is usually gentler, and this geographical condition is conducive to the settling and purification of silt.

[0015] In some embodiments, the aforementioned sediment purification system forms a crescent shape on the inner side of the river bend, and in the horizontal direction, the minimum distance S between the sediment purification system and the opposite bank of the river bend is greater than the maximum thickness L of the sediment purification system, in order to reduce the direct impact of water flow on the purification system.

[0016] In some embodiments, the filter layer includes a plurality of sublayers, which include any one or any combination of a ceramic granule layer, a coarse sand layer, a zeolite layer, or a gravel layer; the filter layer is arranged in layers from top to bottom, and the particle size of the sublayers decreases from top to bottom to achieve graded filtration, thereby enabling the entire filter layer to have a higher pollutant removal capacity.

[0017] Another aspect of this invention provides a riverside water intake structure, including a collection well located on the riverbank. At least a portion of the inlet of the radial pipes on the collection well is connected to the filter layer of a silt purification system, as described above, for riverside water intake in gravel areas. By adopting this riverside water intake structure, the water quality is more reliable when drawing water from riverside areas.

[0018] In some embodiments, the aforementioned radial tube is inclined, with its inlet end higher than its outlet end, which connects to the collection well. This design utilizes gravity to facilitate water flow from the inlet to the outlet of the radial tube, reducing the need for pumping and thus saving energy and lowering operating costs.

[0019] In some embodiments, the angle between the radiant tube and the horizontal plane is 5 to 10°. Designing this angle range ensures that the water flows smoothly in the radiant tube, using gravity to promote the flow from the inlet to the outlet, while avoiding excessively fast flow that could cause scouring or excessively slow flow that could cause stagnation. The moderate tilt also helps suspended particles settle under gravity, but prevents particles from sliding quickly to the bottom of the radiant tube and forming sediments that are difficult to clean due to an excessively large angle. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the horizontal mud and sand purification system and water intake structure of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the horizontal mud and sand purification system and water intake structure of this utility model;

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Water collection well; 2. Radial pipe; 3. Filter layer; 4. Sedimentation zone; 5a. First gabion barrier zone; 5b. Second gabion barrier zone; 6. Microbial attachment substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0025] Furthermore, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various components shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale; for example, the thickness or width of some layers may be exaggerated relative to other layers.

[0026] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined or described in one figure, it will not need to be discussed or described in detail in the description of the subsequent figures.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 Example 1:

[0028] A sediment purification system for water intake in a gravelly area near a river is disclosed. The system is located within the river channel at the intake of the radial pipe 2 of a collection well 1. A circular or annular area with the collection well as the center and the distance from the center to the free end of the radial pipe as the radius is defined as the water intake area. The sediment purification system includes a filter layer 3, a sediment settling zone 4, and a first gabion barrier zone 5a. The filter layer 3 is arranged on the riverbank or river wall, and horizontally, it at least partially surrounds the water intake area. The sediment settling zone 4 is located on the water inlet side of the filter layer 3 away from the riverbank or river wall, and contains at least one set of microbial attachment substrates 6. The first gabion barrier zone 5a is located on the water inlet side of the sediment settling zone 4 away from the riverbank or river wall, and includes a gabion body composed of multiple stacked gabions. All three layers are located along the riverbed near the riverbank. Preferably, the filter layer is positioned in the direction in which water seeps into the collection well from the river channel, and filters the water in the direction of seepage.

[0029] Specifically, during the construction of the aforementioned filter layer 3, the location of the excavated collection well 1 and the location and orientation of the radial pipes 2 are determined based on the site survey results. Filter materials, such as expanded clay, coarse sand, zeolite, or gravel, are then laid around the radial pipes 2 according to the designed layering sequence and thickness. Soil is then backfilled on top of the filter layer 3 to ensure it is not washed away by river water while maintaining smooth water flow. During construction, a foundation trench for the filter layer 3 is excavated or constructed at the designed location. Following the designed layering sequence, the filter materials are laid layer by layer from the bottom, leveling each layer using mechanical or manual methods to ensure uniform material distribution. After all layers are laid, compaction is performed to ensure the stability and permeability of the filter layer 3.

[0030] When constructing the sediment settling zone 4, after ensuring the stability of the filter layer 3, suitable microbial attachment substrate 6 materials can be selected based on water quality conditions and microbial growth requirements, such as ceramic rings, plastic sheets, floating bio-pads, elastic fillers, and carbon fibers. The arrangement of the attachment substrates should be designed to ensure uniform water flow, promoting microbial growth and sediment settling. When constructing the sediment settling zone 4, partition walls or diversion channels can be installed as needed. A foundation trench for the settling zone can be excavated at the designed location, and geotextile fabric can be laid at the bottom of the trench. During installation of the microbial attachment substrate 6, the substrate material should be installed in the settling zone according to the designed arrangement. Anchoring equipment should be used to fix the substrate, ensuring its stability under water flow. Alternatively, microbial attachment substrates 6 with built-in anchoring components can be used to fix them in the settling zone. Furthermore, a flow guiding facility can be installed on the upstream side of the settling zone (first gabion barrier zone 5a) to guide the water flow after the initial interception into the settling zone evenly. For example, the vertical arrangement of the gabions can be spaced out to create staggered gaps between them, with the gaps at the end of the water flow in the filtration direction corresponding to individual microbial attachment substrates 6. Furthermore, an aquatic plant planting zone can be arranged in the sediment settling zone 4 to enhance the stability of the ecosystem.

[0031] Specifically, a gabion comprises a gabion frame and filling material. Connectors are installed between the gabion frames, allowing them to interlock or interweave. The height of the gabion body is adjusted according to the water depth. When constructing the first gabion barrier 5a, the size, shape, and arrangement of the gabions are designed based on the river's flow velocity and sediment content. The material for the gabions is then determined; in this embodiment, materials such as wire mesh or plastic mesh can be used. Filling materials include stones and concrete blocks. The gabion frames are assembled, filled with stones or other filling materials, and then compacted. The assembled gabions are placed in the designed location and secured using anchoring equipment. In this embodiment, connecting devices such as connecting cables, hooks, or other connecting elements can be installed between the gabions during the design process, such as interweaving or crossing the gabion bodies, to enhance overall stability. The aforementioned three-layer structure can form an arc-shaped structure, a crescent-shaped structure, a semi-circular structure, etc., that conforms to the river channel.

[0032] In river water treatment systems, the interaction between upstream water and the sediment purification system primarily involves the application of gabion barrier strips. These barrier strips, through a carefully designed gradation and screening combination, achieve a permeability coefficient as high as 20 m / day, effectively intercepting approximately 85% to 90% or more of large particles. Furthermore, this structure reduces the dynamics of the water flow, protecting the microbial attachment substrate 6 from flood erosion and extending its service life. Simultaneously, it provides more reaction time for the subsequent microbial attachment substrate 6 to adsorb microorganisms and fine sediment particles. The core function of this sediment settling strip 4 is to adsorb microorganisms and fine sediment particles through the microbial attachment substrate 6. This design helps improve water purification efficiency and ensures the long-term stable operation of the system. The filter media layer, as a further treatment unit of the system, filters out pollutants such as sediment from the incoming water. When the sediment content in the water is low, the purification effect through the filter media layer is more significant, and it ensures the service life of the filter media layer, thereby maintaining the continuous and efficient operation of the system. In this way, the solution uses the gabion barrier and the mud and sand buffer zone formed by the microbial attachment substrate 6 to reduce the mud, sand and microbial content entering the filter media layer, and ultimately improve the water quality and ensure the safety of drinking water.

[0033] Example 2:

[0034] Based on the above embodiment 1, the water inlet side of the first gabion barrier 5a in this embodiment is an outwardly arched arc surface. This can more effectively guide the water flow, reduce the direct impact of the water flow on the structure, thereby reducing the erosion and damage of the structure by the water flow, ensuring the overall stability of the gabion barrier, and making it more robust and durable when facing the impact of the water flow. Here, the arc surface should be arranged with its tangent along the approximate direction of the water flow, and the arc surface refers to the approximate outline of the gabions after stacking in the top view. The aforementioned water inlet side is the side facing the impact of the water flow.

[0035] Example 3:

[0036] Based on the above-described embodiments one or two, a second gabion barrier 5b is further provided between the sediment settling zone 4 and the filter layer 3, confining the sediment settling zone 4 within the space formed between the first gabion barrier 5a and the second gabion barrier 5b. This design provides a relatively stable environment for sediment settling in the enclosed space between the two gabion barrier bands, facilitating sediment settling of sediment particles under conditions of slowed flow. The specific structure of the second gabion barrier 5b can be the same as that of the first gabion barrier 5a, and its top surface height can be consistent with that of the first gabion barrier 5a, ensuring the structural consistency of the entire system and simplifying the design and construction process.

[0037] Specifically, the aforementioned microbial substrates 6 are arranged in an array within the space formed between the first gabion barrier zone 5a and the second gabion barrier zone 5b. This array arrangement facilitates the uniform distribution of the microbial substrates 6 within the space, ensuring that the water flow can evenly contact the microorganisms as it passes through this area, thus avoiding the formation of treatment dead zones. After distribution, the microbial substrates 6 can promote water mixing, helping to evenly disperse pollutants in the water, thereby improving the utilization rate of pollutants by the microorganisms.

[0038] Example 4:

[0039] Based on any of the above embodiments, the aforementioned sediment purification system is installed on the side of the river bend where a collection well 1 is located; in the horizontal direction, the filter layer 3 is arranged in a crescent shape on the inner side of the river bend. This design is because the water flow in the river bend is usually relatively gentle, and this geographical condition is conducive to sediment settling and purification. The crescent-shaped filter layer 3 can better adapt to the streamline of the river bend, reduce water flow turbulence, and thus improve sediment settling efficiency. At the same time, since the inner space of the river bend is usually limited, the crescent-shaped design can maximize the use of available space while maintaining the compactness and stability of the system, minimizing changes to the natural morphology of the river channel, and helping to protect the river environment.

[0040] Preferably, the aforementioned sediment purification system forms a crescent shape on the inner side of the river bend. In the horizontal direction, the minimum distance S between the sediment purification system and the opposite bank of the river bend is greater than the maximum thickness L of the sediment purification system. This reduces the direct impact of water flow on the purification system, ensuring that the water flow is not excessively obstructed at the river bend due to the presence of the purification system, thereby maintaining the natural flow and circulation of the river water.

[0041] Example 5:

[0042] Based on any of the above embodiments, the filter layer 3 includes multiple sub-layers, which include any one or any combination of multiple of the following: a ceramic particle layer, a coarse sand layer, a zeolite layer, or a gravel layer. The filter layer 3 is arranged in layers from top to bottom, and the particle size of the sub-layers decreases from top to bottom, so that larger particles are first intercepted by the coarse particle size sub-layers, while smaller particles are captured by the fine particle size sub-layers. This can improve the overall filtration efficiency. Sub-layers of different particle sizes can capture suspended particles of different sizes, achieving graded filtration, so that the entire filter layer 3 has a higher pollutant removal capacity.

[0043] Example 6:

[0044] A riverside water intake structure includes a collection well 1 located on a riverbank. At least a portion of the inlet of a radial pipe 2 (perforated pipe) on the collection well 1 is connected to a filter layer 3 of a silt purification system, as described in the above embodiment, used for riverside water intake in gravel areas. By employing this riverside water intake structure, the water quality is more reliable when drawing water from riverside areas.

[0045] When setting up this water collection well 1, the upper end of the water collection well 1 extends out of the ground, and the underground section extends from the unconfined aquifer to the impermeable layer. The radial pipes 2 are arranged vertically. Taking this embodiment as an example, they can be arranged at 4.8m and 1.2m intervals, and the lowest radial pipe 2 can be arranged at a distance of more than 2.4m from the impermeable layer.

[0046] Preferably, the aforementioned radial pipe 2 is inclined, with its inlet end higher than the outlet end where it connects to the collection well 1. This design utilizes gravity to promote water flow from the inlet to the outlet of the radial pipe 2, reducing the need for pumping and thus saving energy and reducing operating costs. Specifically, the angle between the radial pipe 2 and the horizontal plane is 5–10°. This angle range ensures smooth water flow within the radial pipe 2, utilizing gravity to promote flow from the inlet to the outlet, while preventing excessively fast flow leading to scouring or excessively slow flow leading to stagnation. The moderate inclination also helps suspended particles settle under gravity, but prevents particles from rapidly sliding to the bottom of the radial pipe 2 and forming difficult-to-clean sediments due to an excessively large angle.

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the treatment process of this system and this water intake structure, the entire process is described in general below:

[0048] This system draws raw water from the river through an intake point located on the riverbank. The inlet end of the aforementioned radial pipe 2 can also be designed with a grille to intercept large floating objects and prevent them from entering the collection well 1.

[0049] The river water first passes through a gabion barrier treatment stage, specifically entering the first gabion barrier 5a. This barrier, made of gabion material, has a specific permeability coefficient, effectively intercepting large particles of silt and sand. The curved design of this gabion barrier helps guide the water flow, reducing direct impact on the structure and thus lowering the risk of erosion and damage.

[0050] Then, the water enters the microbial attachment substrate 6 treatment stage, where the water flowing through the gabion barrier enters the microbial attachment substrate 6 area. The main function of this area is to adsorb microorganisms and fine particles of silt. In this embodiment, the microbial attachment substrate 6 can be made of specific materials that can provide a large surface area for microorganisms to attach and grow, and to capture fine particles in the water. Alternatively, microbial attachment substrates such as those disclosed in CN216808297U and a microbial attachment carrier for water purification disclosed in CN220887214U can be directly selected and arranged uniformly to form an array.

[0051] The water then enters the filter media treatment stage, where it passes through the microbial attachment substrate 6 and is composed of fine-grained materials such as sand and gravel. The function of the filter media is to further filter out pollutants such as mud and sand from the water, ensuring that the water quality meets the required purification standards.

[0052] Finally, the water enters the clean water collection stage, where the purified water flows into a clean water collection tank or pipe. At this stage, the water quality has been significantly improved and can be used for further treatment or directly.

[0053] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A silt purification system applied to riverbank water intake in a sandy cobble area, characterized in that, The mud purification system is arranged in the river channel at the water intake of the radiation pipe of the water collecting well. A circular or annular area formed with the water collecting well as the center and the distance from the center to the free end of the radiation pipe as the radius is the water intake area. The mud purification system comprises: a filter layer arranged on the river bank or river bank wall, which at least surrounds part of the water intake area in the horizontal direction; a mud sedimentation zone arranged on the water inlet side of the filter layer away from the river bank or river bank wall, which comprises at least one set of microbial attachment base; a first gabion barrier zone arranged on the water inlet side of the mud sedimentation zone away from the river bank or river bank wall, which comprises a gabion zone body stacked by multiple sets of gabions.

2. The mud purification system for river water intake in a sand-pebble area according to claim 1, wherein: the water inlet side of the gabion barrier zone is an outwardly arched arc surface.

3. The mud purification system for river water intake in a sand-pebble area according to claim 1, wherein: a second gabion barrier zone is further arranged between the mud sedimentation zone and the filter layer, so that the mud sedimentation zone is limited in the space formed between the first gabion barrier zone and the second gabion barrier zone.

4. The mud purification system for river water intake in a sand-pebble area according to claim 3, wherein: the microbial attachment base is arranged in an array in the space formed between the first gabion barrier zone and the second gabion barrier zone.

5. The mud purification system for river water intake in a sand-pebble area according to claim 4, wherein: the mud purification system is arranged on the side of the inner side of the river bend provided with the water collecting well; in the horizontal direction, the filter layer is arranged in a crescent shape on the inner side of the river bend.

6. The mud purification system for river water intake in a sand-pebble area according to claim 5, wherein: the mud purification system forms a crescent shape on the inner side of the river bend, and in the horizontal direction, the minimum distance S between the mud purification system and the opposite bank of the river bend is greater than the maximum thickness L of the mud purification system.

7. The mud purification system for river water intake in a sand-pebble area according to claim 4, wherein: the filter layer comprises multiple sub-layers, which comprise any one or a combination of a plurality of ceramsite layer, coarse sand layer, zeolite layer or gravel layer; the sub-layers are arranged from top to bottom, and the particle size of the sub-layers decreases from top to bottom.

8. A river intake structure comprising a collection well disposed on a river bank, characterised in that: the inlet of at least a part of the radiation pipe on the water collecting well is connected to the filter layer of the mud purification system for river water intake in a sand-pebble area according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A river side water intake structure according to claim 8, wherein: the radiation pipe is arranged obliquely, and the inlet end is higher than the outlet end connected to the water collecting well.

10. A river side water intake structure according to claim 9, wherein: the included angle of the radiation pipe relative to the horizontal plane is 5-10°.

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