Demonstration device for magnetic susceptibility difference of different fluid substances in magnetic field

Abstract

The demonstration device for the magnetic susceptibility difference of different fluid substances in the magnetic field comprises a support, a container supporting disc, a magnet disc, a powerful magnet, a supporting rod, an equipment support, a glass container and video recording equipment, the container supporting disc is installed on the upper portion of the support, and the glass container is arranged on the container supporting disc. Multiple layers of magnet disc height adjusting supporting blocks are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the lower portion of the support respectively, the magnet disc is erected on the two magnet disc height adjusting supporting blocks of any layer height, the powerful magnet is located below the glass container and installed on the magnet disc, and the bottom of the supporting rod is installed on one side of the support. One end of the device support is in threaded connection with the top of the supporting rod through a bolt and nut assembly I. The video recording device is installed at the other end of the device support. According to the utility model, the paramagnetism and diamagnetism phenomena of different fluid substances can be effectively detected and analyzed, and a simple, visual and accurate means is provided for the research of the magnetic characteristics of the fluid substances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of scientific and educational experimental instruments for electromagnetics, specifically relating to a demonstration device for the difference in magnetic susceptibility of different fluid substances in a magnetic field. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetic susceptibility is one of the important parameters characterizing the magnetic properties of magnetic materials. A common method for measuring magnetic susceptibility is using a vibrating sample magnetometer. However, these instruments are expensive, require specialized personnel in research institutions to operate, and cannot detect changes in the state of the magnetic material during the experiment. A substance placed in a magnetic field will be magnetized; such a substance is called a magnetic medium. Based on the magnitude and nature of the additional magnetic induction intensity produced by the magnetic medium, it can be divided into paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials. Materials such as aluminum and manganese have the same direction of the additional magnetic field as the original magnetic field and are therefore called paramagnetic. Materials such as copper and bismuth have the opposite direction of the additional magnetic field and are therefore called diamagnetic. Because the additional magnetic field is much smaller than the original magnetic field, its influence on the original magnetic field is negligible; therefore, paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials are collectively referred to as weakly magnetic materials. Currently, professional laboratories in universities often use the Gouy magnetic balance device to indirectly measure the magnetic susceptibility of materials by detecting the weight gain of the material in a gradient magnetic field. The experimental principle of the Gouy method for determining the magnetic susceptibility of a substance is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the Gouai method for determining the magnetic susceptibility of a substance involves suspending a flat-bottomed glass tube containing the sample at one end of a balance. The bottom of the sample is positioned at the center of the electromagnet's poles, where the magnetic field strength is strongest, while the other end of the sample is at a position where the magnetic field strength is negligible. The instrument includes an electromagnet, a constant current power supply, a CT5 gaussmeter, instrument switches, a lighting system, a water cooling system, and an overall frame. While the Gouai magnetic balance can obtain the magnetic susceptibility value of a sample, it cannot visually display the differences in properties and phenomena between paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances in a magnetic field. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a demonstration device and method for demonstrating the difference in magnetic susceptibility of different fluid substances in a magnetic field. Its purpose is to effectively detect and analyze the paramagnetic and diamagnetic phenomena of different fluid substances, providing a simple, intuitive and accurate means for studying the magnetic properties of fluid substances.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the specific solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A demonstration device for the difference in magnetic susceptibility of different fluid substances in a magnetic field includes a support frame, a container support plate, a magnetic disk, a powerful magnet, a support rod, an equipment bracket, a glass container for loading the fluid substance, and a video recording device for recording the changes in the magnetic susceptibility of the fluid substance in a magnetic field. The container support plate is mounted on the upper part of the support frame, and the glass container is placed on the container support plate. Multi-layer magnetic disk height-adjustable support blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower part of the support frame. The magnetic disks are mounted on two magnetic disk height-adjustable support blocks of arbitrary height. The powerful magnet is located below the glass container and is mounted on the magnetic disk. The bottom of the support rod is mounted on one side of the support frame. One end of the equipment bracket is threadedly connected to the top of the support rod by a bolt and nut assembly. The video recording device is mounted on the other end of the equipment bracket.

[0006] Furthermore, the powerful magnet is a neodymium iron boron magnet, and the video recording device is a mobile phone, camera, or camcorder.

[0007] Furthermore, the device includes a pen clip, a laser pointer, a projection screen, and a gaussmeter. The pen clip is connected to the support rod by a bolt and nut assembly with two threads. The laser pointer is held in the pen clip, and the laser beam emitted by the laser pointer is aimed at the glass container. The projection screen is set on the side opposite to the laser pointer, and the probe of the gaussmeter is placed at the location where a strong magnet generates a magnetic field.

[0008] Furthermore, the projection screen can be a wall, a flexible screen, or a rigid screen. A flexible screen can be a white plastic screen, a pearlescent screen, or a metal screen, while a rigid screen can be a glass screen.

[0009] Furthermore, the bracket is characterized by having universal wheels with brakes on both sides of its bottom.

[0010] Advantages of this utility model

[0011] This invention relates to a demonstration device for the differences in magnetic susceptibility of different fluid substances in a magnetic field. This device is an educational instrument that provides a direct demonstration of these differences. It can effectively detect and analyze the paramagnetic and diamagnetic phenomena of different fluid substances, providing a simple, intuitive, and accurate method for studying the magnetic properties of fluid substances. This invention is mainly applicable to scientific instruments in primary and secondary schools and science museums. The device has a simple structure and low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the demonstration device of this utility model.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the surface shape changes of paramagnetic and diamagnetic fluids placed in a glass container in Experiment 1 under magnetic and non-magnetic conditions. (a) shows the state of the water grid paper in the absence of a magnetic field; (b) shows the state of the water grid paper in the magnetic field; and (c) shows the state of the manganese chloride grid paper in the magnetic field.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the change in surface height of the aqueous solution under laser irradiation with or without an external magnetic field in Experiment 3.

[0015] Figure 4 This describes the experimental principle of the Gouai method for determining the magnetic susceptibility of materials in existing technologies.

[0016] Figures 1 to 3 middle:

[0017] 1. Bracket; 2. Container support plate; 3. Magnetic plate; 4. Strong magnet; 5. Support rod; 6. Equipment bracket; 7. Glass container; 8. Magnetic plate height adjustment support block; 9. Video recording equipment; 10. Gaussmeter; 11. Bolt and nut assembly one; 12. Mesh paper; 13. Pen clip; 14. Laser pointer; 15. Projection screen; 16. Bolt and nut assembly two; 17. Fluid substance; 18. Casters with brakes.

[0018] Figure 4 middle:

[0019] 19. Electronic balance; 20. Glass tube; 21. Liquid; 22. Electromagnet. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0021] When studying the behavior of fluid material 17 in a magnetic field, its magnetic properties are determined by observing changes in the shape of its surface. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the diamagnetic fluid moves to the outer edge of the magnet, where the magnetic field is weaker, forming a concave shape. The paramagnetic fluid is attracted to the center of the magnet in the region with the strongest magnetic field, and the liquid surface rises above the magnet, forming a convex shape. Because the magnetic susceptibility of fluid sample 17 is too small, the attraction or repulsion of fluid sample 17 in the magnetic field is very weak, making it difficult to detect and analyze intuitively.

[0022] Therefore, as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a demonstration device for the difference in magnetic susceptibility of different fluid substances in a magnetic field, including a support 1, a container support plate 2, a magnet plate 3, a strong magnet 4, a support rod 5, an equipment bracket 6, a grid paper 12, a pen clip 13, a laser pointer 14, a projection screen 15, a glass container 7 for loading fluid substances, and a video recording device 8 for recording the changes in the magnetic susceptibility of fluid substance 17 in a magnetic field.

[0023] The container support plate 2 is mounted on the upper part of the bracket 1, and the glass container 7 is placed on the container support plate 2. The glass container 7 is used to hold the fluid sample. The transparent glass container helps to observe changes on the surface of the fluid sample by light.

[0024] A grid paper 12 is placed between the glass container 7 and the container support plate 2. The grid paper 12 can be either 1mm or 0.5mm grid paper. The 1mm grid paper has a grid size of 1mm and a line spacing of 1mm; the 0.5mm grid paper has a grid size of 0.5mm and a line spacing of 0.5mm. The grid paper 12 is used to assist in observing changes on the surface of the fluid substance. The grid size and line spacing of the grid paper 12 help to more accurately and intuitively measure the degree of deformation on the surface of the fluid substance.

[0025] The lower part of the support frame 1 is symmetrically equipped with multi-layer magnet disk height adjustment support blocks 8 on both sides. The magnet disk 3 is mounted on the two magnet disk height adjustment support blocks 8 at any layer height. The powerful magnet 4 is located below the glass container 7 and is installed on the magnet disk 3. The powerful magnet 4 is a neodymium iron boron magnet. The function of the powerful magnet 4 is to generate a magnetic field. The strength and shape of the powerful magnet affect the distribution of the magnetic field, thereby affecting the reaction of the fluid. The strength of the magnetic field is changed by adjusting the distance between the powerful magnet 4 and the glass container 6. Because the magnetic induction intensity generated by the powerful magnet 4 decreases with increasing distance in the surrounding space, different magnetic fields of different intensities can be formed by adjusting the different distances between the powerful magnet 4 and the glass container 6.

[0026] The bottom of the support rod 5 is mounted on one side of the bracket 1. One end of the equipment bracket 6 is snapped onto the support rod 5 and threadedly connected to the top of the support rod 5 via a bolt and nut assembly 11. The bolt and nut assembly 11 is used to facilitate adjustment of the vertical angle of the equipment bracket 6, so as to record and observe the changes in the grid pattern in the grid paper inside the glass container. The video recording device 9 is mounted on the other end of the equipment bracket 6.

[0027] The video recording device 9 can be a mobile phone, camera, or camcorder. The video recording device 9 is used to record experimental phenomena for subsequent analysis and comparison. A camera or mobile phone is used to photograph the surface of the fluid substance 17 and the grid pattern in the grid paper.

[0028] The pen clip 13 is snapped onto the support rod 5 and threaded onto the support rod 5 via the bolt and nut assembly 2 16. The laser beam emitted by the laser pointer 2 is aligned with the glass container 6. The bolt and nut assembly 2 16 facilitates the adjustment of the angle of the pen clip 13. Universal wheels 18 with brakes are also provided on both sides of the bottom of the bracket 1 to facilitate the movement of the bracket 1 and adjust the projection distance between the laser pointer 14 and the projection screen 15. The projection screen 15 is positioned on the side opposite to the laser pointer 14, and the probe of the gaussmeter 10 is placed at the location where the strong magnet 4 generates the magnetic field. The projection screen 15 can be a wall, a flexible screen, or a rigid screen. A flexible screen can be a white plastic screen, a pearlescent screen, or a metal screen, while a rigid screen can be a glass screen. The projection screen 15 is positioned on the side opposite to the laser pointer 14.

[0029] The probe of the gaussmeter 10 is placed at different locations where the magnetic field generated by the powerful magnet 4 is generated, so as to measure the magnitude of the magnetic field strength of the powerful magnet 4 in different spaces in real time. The gaussmeter 10 is a millitalas meter from the brand High Precision, which is used to measure the magnitude of the static or dynamic (AC) magnetic induction intensity of the fluid substance 17 at a point in space. The Hall sensor or fluxgate sensor of the millitalas meter generates a current and voltage as the magnetic field lines of the fluid substance 17 pass through, and the magnetic induction intensity is displayed on the display screen of the millitalas meter.

[0030] Working principle:

[0031] A grid paper 12 is laid between a glass container 7 and a container support plate 2. A strong magnet 4 is placed on a magnet plate 3, directly below the glass container 7. Paramagnetic fluid (manganese chloride solution) and diamagnetic fluid (water) are placed in the glass container 7. A video recording device 9 is used to record the changes in the grid pattern of the grid paper 12 under the same magnetic field for the paramagnetic and diamagnetic fluids. The changes in the grid pattern visually demonstrate the differences in properties and phenomena of the paramagnetic and diamagnetic fluids in the magnetic field. The magnet plate 3 is placed on magnet plate height adjustment support blocks 8 of different heights. The magnetic induction intensity of the glass container 7 containing the fluid substance 17 is changed by adjusting the distance between the strong magnet 4 and the glass container 7 to visually display the changes in the grid pattern of the grid paper 12. The magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity in the magnetic field is measured by a gaussmeter 10.

[0032] The grid paper 12 can be removed, the laser pointer 14 can be turned on, and the angle of the laser pointer 14 can be adjusted so that the laser spot emitted by the laser pointer 14 is located in the center area of ​​the glass container 7. The reflected laser spot is received by the projection screen 15, and the height of the laser spot above the water surface is recorded by the video recording device 9 when the strong magnet 4 is not placed. Then, the angle between the incident light of the laser pointer and the water surface, the angle of reflection of the reflected light, and the height of the laser spot on the projection screen are recorded after the strong magnet 4 is added. By comparing the changes in the height of the laser spot on the projection screen 15, the shape changes, magnetic susceptibility, and property differences of different fluid substances 17 under the same magnetic field can be compared. The magnetic induction intensity in the magnetic field is measured by the gaussmeter 10.

[0033] Experiment 1: Differences in paramagnetic and diamagnetic phenomena of different fluid substances

[0034] According to experimental requirements, fluid samples 18 of diamagnetic fluid and paramagnetic fluid were placed in glass container 7. The diamagnetic fluid was selected as water, and the paramagnetic fluid was selected as manganese chloride solution.

[0035] Explanation of the phenomena observed in Experiment 1:

[0036] 1. Without a magnet: The diamagnetic fluid in glass container 7 is water and is in a static state with a flat surface and a flat grid pattern, showing no deformation. At this time, the diamagnetic fluid is only affected by gravity and is not affected by a magnetic field.

[0037] 2. When placing the magnet:

[0038] Paramagnetic fluid: Under the influence of a magnetic field, the paramagnetic fluid, a manganese chloride solution, is attracted to the region of strongest magnetic field at the center of the powerful magnet 4, causing the liquid surface to rise and form a convex shape. At this time, the image on the grid paper 12 will be distorted, and the grid lines will converge towards the center in the convex area on the surface of the paramagnetic fluid, resulting in a smaller grid spacing. In the region far from the center of the powerful magnet 4, the grid spacing is relatively larger.

[0039] Diamagnetic fluid: Under the influence of a magnetic field, diamagnetic fluid (water) is repelled to the weaker magnetic field region at the outer edge of a powerful magnet, causing the liquid surface to concave, forming a concave shape. At this time, the grid paper image also deforms; the grid lines spread outwards in the concave area on the surface of the diamagnetic fluid, increasing the grid spacing, while the grid spacing is relatively smaller in the region near the center of the powerful magnet.

[0040] Experiment 1 Observation and Recording Methods:

[0041] 1. Visual observation: During the experiment, when the fluid substance 17 is placed in a magnetic field and subjected to the applied magnetic field, the surface shape of the fluid substance 17 will change. However, this change is very small and difficult to observe directly with the naked eye. Therefore, by placing a grid paper under the glass container 7, the deformation of the grid pattern of the same fluid substance 17 under two different states, namely, when it is placed in a magnetic field and when it is not, can be observed simultaneously.

[0042] 2. Video Recording Equipment: Using a camera or mobile phone to capture images of the surface of fluid material 17 and the grid paper allows for clearer recording of experimental phenomena. By comparing images of different fluid materials 17 in a magnetic field, their magnetic properties can be analyzed more intuitively. Furthermore, the captured images can be further processed and analyzed, such as calculating the degree of deformation of the fluid surface and plotting the contour curve of the fluid material 17 surface, thereby obtaining more accurate experimental data and conclusions.

[0043] By observing the behavior of fluid substance 17 in a magnetic field, its magnetic properties can be preliminarily determined. However, since the magnetic susceptibility of fluid substance 17 is relatively small, the attraction or repulsion effect of the magnetic field on it is weak. Therefore, it is necessary to use the experimental apparatus and recording method of this embodiment to amplify and clearly observe these phenomena. By comparing the behavior of different fluids in a magnetic field, their magnetic properties and their behavioral patterns in a magnetic field can be better understood.

[0044] Experiment 2: Experimental phenomena of different fluid substances in a magnetic field

[0045] Use a glass container with a radius of 45 mm and a height of 15 mm to observe the image of the grid on the surface of the fluid material 17, and ensure that the bottom of the glass container 7 is filled with the fluid material 17.

[0046] Experimental conditions for Experiment 2:

[0047] Depending on the volume of fluid substance 17, the magnetic induction intensity B at the location of fluid substance 17 is less than 400mT.

[0048] Using different volumes, the diamagnetic fluid is water, and the paramagnetic fluid is manganese chloride solution. The volume of the aqueous solution is approximately 10 ml, and the volume of the manganese chloride aqueous solution is approximately 50 ml.

[0049] Explanation of the phenomena observed in Experiment 2:

[0050] 1. No magnet state: When no strong magnet 4 is placed under the fluid substance 17, the image appearing on the liquid surface of the fluid substance 17 is similar to that of a plane mirror image, and the grid pattern is not distorted.

[0051] 2. Add water:

[0052] After moving the strong magnet 4, the observed pattern bent towards the magnet, and the grid image in the central part was distorted, forming an expanded grid image. This is because the diamagnetic liquid is repelled to the region of weaker magnetic field, causing the liquid surface to concave. If other diamagnetic fluids are introduced, the same expanded grid image will appear.

[0053] 3. Add manganese chloride solution:

[0054] After moving the strong magnet 4, the observed pattern bends towards the magnet, forming a centrally contracting image. This is because the paramagnetic liquid is attracted to the region of strongest magnetic field, causing the liquid surface to bulge.

[0055] This experiment 2 utilizes optical phenomena to detect surface deformation of fluid substances 17 smaller than 50 μm, exhibiting high sensitivity and accuracy. Under different magnetic field environments, the phenomena observed in different fluid substances 17 show significant differences, visually demonstrating their properties and facilitating observation and analysis. Image magnification is employed to amplify the differences in the reflection patterns, further improving the accuracy of observation and analysis. Detection and analysis can be performed through visual observation or photographic recording, eliminating the need for complex instruments. This device is suitable for detecting various fluid substances 17, including fluids with different magnetic properties such as water and manganese chloride solution.

[0056] Experiment 3: Display of the magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic or diamagnetic materials

[0057] For paramagnetic or diamagnetic materials, the magnetic susceptibility varies among different fluids, indicating differences in their magnetization properties. The magnitude of these differences in magnetic susceptibility is visually displayed for each fluid material.

[0058] Water is filled into glass container 7, and a powerful magnet 4 is placed on a height-adjustable support block 6 with a magnet tray at a suitable height. After determining the position of the powerful magnet 4, a laser pointer 14 is mounted on the bracket 1 using a pen clip 13. The angle of the laser pointer 14 is adjusted so that the laser emitted by the laser pointer 14 can be emitted to the center point area of ​​glass container 7, ensuring that the laser spot is located in the central area of ​​the magnetic field. In this experiment 3, a wall is selected as the projection screen 15 to receive the reflected laser spot. The projection screen 15 is set on the side opposite to the laser pointer 14, and the distance from glass container 7 to the wall is X meters.

[0059] Without the strong magnet 4, the height of the laser spot above the water surface is Y1 meters. After the strong magnet 4 is added, the water surface deforms, creating a concave shape. The angle between the incident light and the water surface changes by θ, the reflection angle of the reflected light changes by 2θ, and the height of the laser spot on the wall changes by Y2.

[0060] Through geometric optics analysis, the influence of changes in liquid surface height and external magnetic field can be sensitively displayed, and subtle changes in water surface height can be magnified to directly indicate the differences in magnetic susceptibility of fluid samples.

[0061] Specifically, a glass container 6 with a diameter of 10cm is used, filled with water to a depth of approximately 0.5cm. A round, strong magnet 4 with a diameter of 4cm is placed on a height-adjustable support block 6. A laser pointer 14 is mounted on a support rod 5 15cm above the glass container 7. The angle of the laser pointer 14 is adjusted so that its laser emission is aimed at the water in the center of the glass container 6 at an angle of approximately 30° to the horizontal plane. The support 1 is moved so that it is at a distance of X meters from the wall to ensure that the reflected laser beam is observed on the wall.

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown, the distance x = 5m between the laser spot on the water surface and the wall was measured. In the absence of a magnetic field, the height difference between the reflected laser spots on the water surface and the wall is y = 1.2m. When the water surface is deformed by the magnetic field, the change in the water surface slope causes a change in the incident angle of the laser on the water by Δθ, further causing a change in the angle between the reflected beam and the original beam to 2Δθ, ultimately resulting in a height change of Δy on the wall from the reflected laser.

[0063]

[0064] By comparing the shape changes of different fluid substances 17 under the same magnetic field, and by measuring the height change Δy of the laser spot on the wall, the magnetic susceptibility and property differences of different fluid substances 17 can be directly compared.

[0065] The above device determines the difference in magnetic susceptibility when the fluid substance 17 is water and when the fluid substance 17 is a manganese chloride solution by comparing the difference in the height variation of the laser reflection spot with the magnitude of Δy1 and Δy2.

Claims

1. A demonstration device of the difference in magnetic susceptibility of different fluid substances in a magnetic field, characterized in that, The application relates to a device for recording the magnetization change of a fluid substance in a magnetic field, which comprises a support, a container support plate, a magnet plate, a powerful magnet, a support rod, a device support, a glass container for loading the fluid substance and a video recording device for recording the magnetization change of the fluid substance in the magnetic field, the container support plate is arranged on the upper part of the support, the glass container is arranged on the container support plate, a plurality of magnet plate height adjusting support blocks are symmetrically arranged on the lower part of the support, the magnet plate is arranged on the two magnet plate height adjusting support blocks at any height, the powerful magnet is arranged below the glass container and is arranged on the magnet plate, the support rod is arranged on one side of the support, one end of the device support is screw-connected to the top of the support rod through a bolt and a nut assembly, and the video recording device is arranged on the other end of the device support.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application further relates to a grid paper arranged between the glass container and the container support plate.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application further relates to a gauss meter, and the probe of the gauss meter is arranged at the position where the powerful magnet generates a magnetic field.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The powerful magnet is a neodymium iron boron magnet, and the video recording device is a mobile phone, a camera or a video camera.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application further relates to a pen clamp, a laser pen and a projection screen, the pen clamp is screw-connected to the support rod through a bolt and a nut assembly two, the laser pen is clamped on the pen clamp, and the laser beam of the laser pen is aimed at the glass container, and the projection screen is arranged on the side opposite to the laser pen.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The projection screen is a wall, a soft screen or a hard screen, the soft screen is a white plastic screen, a pearl screen or a metal screen, and the hard screen is a glass screen.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Universal wheels with brakes are further arranged on the two sides of the bottom of the support.

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