External reversing valve and breaking hammer

Abstract

The utility model discloses an external reversing valve which comprises an upper valve body. The reversing sliding block is arranged in a cavity of the upper valve body in a sliding mode. The electromagnetic valve and the relay are connected with the side part of the upper valve body; the reversing pistons are arranged in pairs and connected with the two sides of the reversing sliding block respectively. The lower valve body is connected with the upper valve body, and an oil inlet channel and an oil return channel which are communicated with an excavator oil cylinder are formed in the lower valve body. According to the reversing valve, due to the oil liquid reversing control principle and the innovative structural arrangement of all parts, the sensitivity of the reversing piston in the reversing valve to oil liquid impurities is reduced, the situation that the reversing piston is stuck is not prone to occurring, the service life of the whole reversing valve is prolonged, the reliability of the whole reversing valve is improved, and crushing operation is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of hydraulic hammer technology, specifically relating to a hydraulic breaker equipped with an external directional valve. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic breakers, also known as hydraulic rock breakers or hydraulic stone crushers, are an important working tool of hydraulic excavators. They are mainly powered by hydrostatic pressure to drive the piston to reciprocate. During the piston stroke, the piston strikes the chisel at high speed, thereby crushing solids such as ores and concrete. They are widely used in municipal road construction, steel plants, water conservancy projects, mines, bridges, and building construction.

[0003] Chinese patent application number CN202411128388.3 discloses a hydraulic breaker, including a hammer body, a chisel movably connected to the lower end of the hammer body, and also including: a dual-sided balance monitoring mechanism, a multi-directional bending detection mechanism, and a crushing auxiliary anti-wear mechanism. The dual-sided balance monitoring mechanism, the multi-directional bending detection mechanism, and the crushing auxiliary anti-wear mechanism are all located at the lower end of the hammer body. Through the setting of the dual-sided balance monitoring mechanism, during the process of the chisel moving up and down inside the hammer body to reciprocate crushing the material to be crushed below, the tilting of the balance plate is used to push the moving plate to move.

[0004] Traditional directional valves use two directional pistons of different sizes connected to directional cylinders with directional holes. The directional pistons drive the directional cylinders to move and coordinate, causing misalignment between the directional cylinders and connecting or disconnecting the directional holes, thereby realizing the directional switching of the oil.

[0005] Further research by the applicant revealed that existing directional control valves are suitable for use with split cylinder bodies. However, split cylinder bodies are limited by their own structural defects, such as the lack of a soft seal between the crushing piston rod and the split cylinder body, resulting in a rigid fit. Existing directional control valve structures also have high precision requirements for the fit of the directional piston rod and are sensitive to metallic impurities in the hydraulic oil. The directional piston is prone to jamming in the directional control valve, which adversely affects the lifespan of various components inside the directional control valve, and the crushing operation cannot be guaranteed. Utility Model Content

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An external displacement directional valve, comprising:

[0008] Upper valve body;

[0009] A reversing slider is slidably disposed in the cavity of the upper valve body;

[0010] Both the solenoid valve and the relay are connected to the side of the upper valve body;

[0011] The reversing pistons are arranged in pairs and are respectively connected to both sides of the reversing slider;

[0012] The lower valve body is connected to the upper valve body, and the lower valve body is provided with an oil inlet passage and an oil return passage that are connected to the excavator cylinder.

[0013] The lower valve body is also provided with an upper oil passage and a lower oil passage that are connected to the cylinder body;

[0014] The reversing piston, under the action of the solenoid valve and the relay, drives the reversing slider to slide in the cavity and connects the upper oil passage or the lower oil passage with the return oil passage.

[0015] Furthermore, a positioning shaft is coaxially connected between the two reversing pistons, and a positioning groove conforming to the positioning shaft is provided at the upper end of the reversing slider.

[0016] Furthermore, the positioning groove has at least one blind hole along its length for installing a spring, and the free end of the spring is in contact with the outer wall of the positioning shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, within the movement range of the reversing piston, the lower valve body is provided with switching oil passages that can be connected to the upper oil passage, the lower oil passage, and the return oil passage respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, the bottom of the reversing slider is provided with an upwardly raised connecting groove. When the reversing slider moves to a preset position, either the upper oil passage or the lower oil passage can be connected to the return oil passage through the cooperation of the corresponding switching oil passage and the connecting groove.

[0019] Furthermore, the upper oil passage and the lower oil passage are distributed on both sides of the return oil passage and are arranged perpendicular to the return oil passage.

[0020] Furthermore, the lower valve body is also provided with an energy storage interface that is connected to the energy storage device.

[0021] This utility model also discloses a hydraulic breaker, including a cylinder, a chisel, and a reversing valve. The reversing valve includes the aforementioned external reversing valve, which is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder.

[0022] Furthermore, the cylinder body is a single piece, and the cylinder body is provided with an upper hydraulic chamber and a lower hydraulic chamber that are respectively connected to the upper oil passage and the lower oil passage.

[0023] Furthermore, a tightening nut is provided in the cylinder body and fitted onto the outer periphery of the chisel.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0025] This directional control valve is located on the outside of the integrated cylinder body. Reversing is achieved through the cooperation of a solenoid valve and a relay. The control logic depends on specific signal points at the upper and lower ends of the crushing piston within the cylinder body. The collected electrical signals are fed back to the solenoid valve, and the directional control valve is controlled to operate through preset control logic. The directional slider slides relative to the upper valve body under the drive of the directional piston, thereby achieving high and low oil pressure control directional action. Compared with existing directional control valves, the innovative structure and layout of the control oil directional principle and various components of this directional control valve reduce the sensitivity of the internal directional piston to oil impurities, making it less prone to piston jamming. This improves the overall service life and reliability of the directional control valve, ensuring crushing operations. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the external displacement valve of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an embodiment of the external displacement valve of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a top view of an embodiment of the external displacement valve of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of BB;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the C-C section;

[0031] Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of an embodiment of the external displacement valve of this utility model (view 1);

[0032] Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram of an embodiment of the external displacement valve of this utility model (viewpoint two);

[0033] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the reversing slider in an embodiment of the external reversing valve of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a top view of the reversing slider in an embodiment of the external reversing valve of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hydraulic breaker of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the hydraulic breaker of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the AA section structure;

[0038] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include:

[0039] External directional valve A, cylinder B, upper valve body 1, directional piston 10, directional slider 11, connecting groove 110, positioning groove 111, blind hole 112, spring 113, positioning shaft 12, bolt 13, lower valve body 2, oil inlet 20, oil return 21, upper oil passage 22, lower oil passage 23, switching oil passage 24, energy storage interface 25, solenoid valve 30, relay 31, upper hydraulic chamber 41, lower hydraulic chamber 42, guide chamber 43, chisel 5, tightening nut 50, accumulator 6, breaking piston rod 7, magnetic ring 70, first magnetic switch 81, second magnetic switch 82, end cover 90, nitrogen chamber 91. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand this utility model, the technical solution of this utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and represent schematic diagrams, not actual physical objects. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings. The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of this utility model correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" appear, indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing positional relationships in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] like Figure 1 - Figure 12 As shown, an external displacement valve of this utility model includes an upper valve body 1 and a lower valve body 2 connected to the upper valve body 1. The upper valve body 1 and the lower valve body 2 are connected by several sets of bolts 13.

[0043] A reversing slider 11 is slidably disposed in the cavity of the upper valve body 1;

[0044] A solenoid valve 30 and a relay 31 are respectively connected to one side of the upper valve body 1;

[0045] A reversing piston 10 is connected to both sides of the reversing slider 11. The reversing piston 10 is arranged in pairs. The reversing piston and the outer accessories are connected to the upper valve body 1 by multiple sets of bolts 13.

[0046] The lower valve body 2 is provided with an oil inlet passage 20 and an oil return passage 21 that are connected to the excavator cylinder;

[0047] The lower valve body 2 is also provided with an upper oil passage 22 and a lower oil passage 23 that are connected to the cylinder body B;

[0048] Under the action of solenoid valve 30 and relay 31, the reversing piston 10 drives the reversing slider 11 to slide in the cavity and connects the upper oil passage 22 or the lower oil passage 23 with the return oil passage 21.

[0049] This reversing valve is located on the outside of the integrated cylinder body B. Reversing is achieved through the cooperation of solenoid valve 30 and relay 31. The control logic depends on specific signal points at the upper and lower ends of the crushing piston inside cylinder body B. The collected electrical signals are fed back to solenoid valve 30. Through preset control logic, the reversing valve is controlled to operate. The reversing slider 11 slides relative to the reversing piston 10 within the upper valve body 1, thereby achieving high and low oil pressure control reversing action. Compared with existing reversing valves, the control oil reversing principle and innovative structural layout of the components of this external reversing valve A reduce the sensitivity of the internal reversing piston 10 to oil impurities, making it less likely for the reversing piston 10 to jam. This improves the overall service life and reliability of the external reversing valve A, ensuring crushing operations.

[0050] The reversing slider 11 can be made of plastic.

[0051] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a positioning shaft 12 is coaxially connected between the two reversing pistons 10, and a positioning groove 111 conforming to the positioning shaft 12 is provided on the upper end of the reversing slider 11.

[0052] like Figure 4 , Figure 9 As shown, the positioning groove 111 has at least one blind hole 112 along its length for installing a spring 113, and the free end of the spring 113 is in contact with the outer wall of the positioning shaft 12.

[0053] Within the moving range of the reversing piston 10, the lower valve body 2 is provided with switching oil passages 24, which are respectively connected to the upper oil passage 22, the lower oil passage 23, and the return oil passage 21. The positions of the switching oil passages 24 are as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown.

[0054] like Figure 8 As shown, the bottom of the reversing slider 11 is provided with an upwardly raised connecting groove 110. When the reversing slider 11 moves to the preset position, either the upper oil passage 22 or the lower oil passage 23 can be connected to the return oil passage 21 through the cooperation of the corresponding switching oil passage 24 and the connecting groove 110.

[0055] When the reversing slider 11 moves to the maximum position at both ends, one of the switching oil passages 24 located on both sides and the switching oil passage 24 located in the middle position are together within the width / length range of the connecting groove 110, while the switching oil passage 24 at the other end is separated by the reversing slider 11.

[0056] The spring 113 ensures that the reversing slider 11, located below the positioning shaft 12, fits tightly against the surface of the lower valve body 2 under the action of elastic force, thus preventing liquid leakage.

[0057] Specifically, the upper oil passage 22 and the lower oil passage 23 are distributed on both sides of the return oil passage 21 and are arranged perpendicular to the return oil passage 21.

[0058] In addition, such as Figure 1 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, an energy storage interface 25 connected to the energy storage device 6 is also provided on the lower valve body 2.

[0059] This utility model also discloses a hydraulic breaker, including a cylinder B, a chisel 5, and a reversing valve. The reversing valve includes the aforementioned external reversing valve A, which is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder B.

[0060] The cylinder body B is a single piece, and the cylinder body B is provided with an upper hydraulic chamber 41 and a lower hydraulic chamber 42 that are respectively connected to the upper oil passage 22 and the lower oil passage 23.

[0061] When the high-pressure oil from the excavator is input into the external directional valve A of this utility model, the solenoid valve 30 controls the directional piston 10 to move, the return oil passage 21 returns oil, the inlet oil passage 20 enters oil, the upper oil passage 22 of the breaker returns oil, and the lower oil passage 23 enters oil. The breaker piston rod 7 in the breaker moves to the highest point, and the accumulator 6 compresses nitrogen at the same time. The nitrogen chamber of the breaker compresses nitrogen, the magnetic ring 70 approaches the electromagnetic switch, the electromagnetic switch sends an electrical signal to the solenoid valve 30, the solenoid valve 30 switches, the directional slider 11 slides in the opposite direction, the upper oil passage 22 of the breaker becomes the inlet oil passage, and the lower oil passage 23 becomes the return oil passage. At the same time, the nitrogen chamber and the accumulator 6 release pressure, and the breaker piston rod 7 impacts the chisel 5. The above process is repeated to achieve rock breaking.

[0062] like Figure 12As shown, a tightening nut 50 is provided in the cylinder body B, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the chisel 5. The tightening nut 50 allows the chisel 5 to be fixedly installed at the bottom of the cylinder body B and kept coaxial. This structure makes it easier to replace the chisel 5 after long-term use of the hydraulic breaker. Compared with the traditional method of fixing the chisel 5 using an arc-shaped semi-circular pin, the existing arc-shaped semi-circular pin expands during use, and the force is concentrated at a point. The tightening nut, on the other hand, distributes the force across a surface, thus reducing the probability of the cylinder body B cracking due to vibration during the operation of the chisel 5.

[0063] Specifically, the cylinder body B is integrally formed and has an end cap 90. The cylinder body B is divided into a nitrogen chamber 91, an upper hydraulic chamber 41, a lower hydraulic chamber 42, and a guide chamber 43.

[0064] There is a hydraulic cylinder connection hole on the side of cylinder B.

[0065] A magnetic ring 70 is installed inside the nitrogen chamber 91, and the magnetic ring 70 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the crushing piston rod 7.

[0066] The crushing piston rod 7 is movably disposed within the cylinder B under the drive of hydraulic force.

[0067] The cylinder body B is equipped with at least one pair of first magnetic switches 81 and second magnetic switches 82 that are electrically connected to the solenoid valve 30. When the crushing piston rod 7 acts on the chisel rod 5 and moves to the highest and lowest points, the magnetic ring 70 is detected by the first magnetic switch 81 and the second magnetic switch 82, respectively.

[0068] This invention employs a hydraulically driven crushing piston rod 7 that reciprocates within cylinder B, impacting the chisel 5 to break up the workpiece. This structure boasts superior impact force and stable performance, making it suitable for large-scale crushing operations on high-hardness rocks and concrete. Furthermore, a magnetic ring 70 is installed around the outer circumference of the crushing piston rod 7. Through the cooperation of the magnetic ring 70 and the solenoid valve 30, the timing and direction of oil inflow and outflow in the hydraulic system are controlled, thereby achieving precise logical control.

[0069] In the hydraulic pipeline, the oil supply and return states are controlled by the solenoid valve 30, which controls the direction. The stroke of the crushing piston rod 7 is determined by the first magnetic switch 81 and the second magnetic switch 82. The feedback electrical signal is received by the control circuit, which switches the state of the solenoid valve 30 and the external directional valve A, thereby controlling the switching of the oil supply and return states of the crushing piston rod 7, so that the crushing piston rod 7 can move continuously and reciprocally.

[0070] The cylinder B contains a nitrogen chamber 91 filled with nitrogen gas, and the movement stroke of the crushing piston rod 7 is within the nitrogen chamber 91.

[0071] When the crushing piston rod 7 moves upward, it compresses the nitrogen gas filled in the nitrogen chamber 91, allowing the crushing piston rod 7 to store energy during its return stroke. When the crushing piston rod 7 moves downward and impacts the chisel rod 5, it outputs the energy from the hydraulic system, the stored energy, its own weight, and the energy from the accumulator 6, thereby achieving the purpose of crushing rocks by impacting the chisel rod 5.

[0072] The crushing piston rod 7 generates a braking effect under the pressure of high-pressure oil and nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 91. The crushing piston rod 7 continues to move upward, and its upward speed gradually decreases until it reaches zero. The crushing piston rod 7 rises to its highest position, and the return stroke of the crushing piston rod 7 ends.

[0073] When the crushing piston rod 7 moves to its highest point, the nitrogen pressure is compressed, and the magnetic ring 70 is detected by the first magnetic switch 81 and the signal is sent to the reversing solenoid valve 30. The oil paths in the upper oil passage 22 and lower oil passage 23 of the cylinder B are reversed. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, nitrogen expansion force, and shaft gravity, the crushing piston rod 7 impacts the chisel rod 5.

[0074] The cylinder block B is also equipped with a nitrogen connection port that communicates with the nitrogen chamber 91. This nitrogen connection port allows connection to an external nitrogen source pipeline.

[0075] The rock breaker using this technical solution can result in a smaller rock drill impactor, a simpler manufacturing process, higher hydraulic input pressure, greater impact energy, and higher equipment efficiency.

[0076] To prevent mechanical wear between the crushing piston rod 7 and the inner wall of the cylinder B during prolonged use, multiple lubrication ports are provided at corresponding positions on the cylinder B. Grease can be periodically added through these ports to extend its mechanical service life. The continuous lubrication and protection provided by the grease ensures good contact between the crushing piston rod 7 and the cylinder B, preventing loosening or jamming caused by friction. This improves the stability and reliability of the entire structure, ensuring smooth crushing operations.

[0077] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are knowledgeable of all existing technologies in that field, and possess the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Therefore, those skilled in the art can, based on the guidance provided in this application, improve and implement this solution in conjunction with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of this utility model. These modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. An external displacement directional valve, characterized in that, include: Upper valve body (1); The reversing slider (11) is slidably disposed in the cavity of the upper valve body (1); The solenoid valve (30) and the relay (31) are both connected to the side of the upper valve body (1); The reversing pistons (10) are arranged in pairs and are respectively connected to both sides of the reversing slider (11); The lower valve body (2) is connected to the upper valve body (1), and the lower valve body (2) is provided with an oil inlet passage (20) and an oil return passage (21); The lower valve body (2) is also provided with an upper oil passage (22) and a lower oil passage (23); The reversing piston (10) drives the reversing slider (11) to slide in the cavity under the action of the solenoid valve (30) and the relay (31), and connects the upper oil passage (22) or the lower oil passage (23) with the return oil passage (21).

2. The external displacement directional valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning shaft (12) is coaxially connected between the two reversing pistons (10), and a positioning groove (111) conforming to the positioning shaft (12) is provided on the upper end of the reversing slider (11).

3. An external displacement directional valve as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning groove (111) has at least one blind hole (112) along its length for installing a spring (113), and the free end of the spring (113) is in contact with the outer wall of the positioning shaft (12).

4. An external displacement directional valve as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: The lower valve body (2) is provided with switching oil passages (24) that are respectively connected to the upper oil passage (22), the lower oil passage (23) and the return oil passage (21).

5. An external displacement directional valve as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the reversing slider (11) is provided with an upwardly raised connecting groove (110). When the reversing slider (11) moves to a preset position, either the upper oil passage (22) or the lower oil passage (23) is connected to the return oil passage (21) through the cooperation of the corresponding switching oil passage (24) and the connecting groove (110).

6. An external displacement directional valve as described in claim 1, 2, 3, or 5, characterized in that: The upper oil passage (22) and the lower oil passage are distributed on both sides of the return oil passage (21) and are arranged perpendicular to the return oil passage (21).

7. An external displacement directional valve as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The lower valve body (2) is also provided with an energy storage interface (25) that is connected to the energy storage device (6).

8. A hydraulic breaker, comprising a cylinder, a chisel (5), and a reversing valve, characterized in that: The reversing valve includes an external reversing valve as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the external reversing valve is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder body.

9. A hydraulic breaker as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The cylinder body is a single piece, and the cylinder body is provided with an upper hydraulic chamber (41) and a lower hydraulic chamber (42) that are respectively connected to the upper oil passage (22) and the lower oil passage (23).

10. A hydraulic breaker as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The cylinder body is provided with a tightening nut (50) that is sleeved on the outer periphery of the drill rod (5).

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