Anti-float structure for building engineering
By combining underground continuous walls, building exterior walls, double-layer waterproof raft slabs, and anti-uplift piles into a combined structure, and utilizing the interlocking method of anti-buoyancy tenon structure and tenon groove, the stability problem of the building under high groundwater levels was solved, and the anti-buoyancy and waterproof performance of the building was improved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING URBAN CONSTR GROUP
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
Building structures are prone to instability under high groundwater levels, and existing technologies are insufficient to effectively resist buoyancy, leading to increased safety risks.
The structure adopts a combination of underground continuous walls, building exterior walls, double-layer waterproof raft slabs and anti-uplift piles. The anti-buoyancy structure and the tenon groove are interlocked, and the self-weight and friction of the underground continuous wall provide anti-buoyancy. The double-layer waterproof raft slab is used to improve waterproof performance.
It effectively prevents buildings from floating, ensures the stability of building exterior walls, improves the reliability of waterproofing performance, avoids damage to the raft slab waterproofing layer during construction, and enhances the overall structure's anti-buoyancy and waterproofing capabilities.
Smart Images
Figure CN224395631U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building engineering, and in particular to an anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering. Background Technology
[0002] When the groundwater level is high, the groundwater exerts a significant buoyancy force on the building structure. If the structure cannot resist this buoyancy, it will lose stability ("float" in the water). There are two main types of methods to prevent building structures from floating: self-weight anti-buoyancy and anti-uplift piles (or anchors). This is to improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities and prevent the safety risks posed by rising groundwater levels to the structural anti-buoyancy stability during the project's service life. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering to improve the anti-buoyancy stability of buildings.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this utility model adopt the following technical solutions:
[0005] In the first aspect, this utility model provides an anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering, including a diaphragm wall, an exterior wall, a double-layer waterproof raft slab, and an anti-uplift pile;
[0006] The building exterior wall is located on one side of the underground continuous wall, and the part of the building exterior wall close to the underground continuous wall is provided with an anti-buoyancy tenon structure;
[0007] The underground continuous wall is provided with a tenon groove that engages with the anti-buoyancy tenon structure;
[0008] The double-layer waterproof raft slab is located on one side of the underground continuous wall and at the bottom of the building's exterior wall, and includes an upper raft slab, a raft slab waterproof layer, and a lower raft slab stacked together.
[0009] The upper end of the tension pile is anchored inside the lower raft slab, and the lower end of the tension pile is anchored underground.
[0010] In an optional embodiment, the inner wall of each tenon slot provided on the underground continuous wall is covered with a tenon slot waterproof layer, and a shock-absorbing plate is attached to the side of the tenon slot waterproof layer away from the inner wall of the tenon slot.
[0011] In an optional embodiment, the inner walls of the inner corner and outer corner of the falcon slot are further affixed with a waterproof additional layer, which is located on the side of the falcon slot waterproof layer facing the inner wall of the falcon slot.
[0012] In an optional embodiment, both the raft slab waterproof layer and the tenon groove waterproof layer are laid with SBS modified bitumen waterproof material.
[0013] In an optional embodiment, the building exterior wall is made of reinforced concrete, and the reinforcing bars inside the exterior wall include vertical reinforcing bars and horizontal reinforcing bars.
[0014] The anti-buoyancy convex structure includes horizontal reinforcing bars for the convex structure and stirrups for the convex structure.
[0015] The horizontal reinforcing bars of the tenon structure are parallel to the horizontal reinforcing bars of the outer wall.
[0016] The middle part of the tenon structure stirrup is parallel to the vertical steel bar of the outer wall and abuts against one side of the multiple tenon structure horizontal steel bars. The two ends of the tenon structure stirrup are bent toward the other side of the multiple tenon structure horizontal steel bars to form a hook structure to fix the multiple tenon structure horizontal steel bars together.
[0017] In an optional embodiment, the tension pile is provided with reinforcing bars inside, and the reinforcing bars inside the tension pile include multiple main bars extending vertically, the upper ends of the main bars being anchored inside the lower raft slab; and / or, the upper end of the tension pile has an expanding diameter structure that gradually increases from bottom to top.
[0018] In an optional embodiment, multiple floor slabs are fixed to the exterior wall of the building, and at least one anti-buoyancy tenon structure is provided at the corresponding height of each floor slab.
[0019] In an optional embodiment, the double-layer waterproof raft slab further includes a waterproof protective layer disposed between the waterproof layer of the raft slab and the upper raft slab.
[0020] In an optional embodiment, the waterproof protective layer is made of cement mortar or fine aggregate concrete.
[0021] In an optional implementation, the anti-buoyancy structure of the building is applied to the basement.
[0022] In particular, the "and / or" mentioned above represents an optional embodiment of the present invention in which the features described before "and / or" and the features described after "and / or" are designed simultaneously or selectively.
[0023] The anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering provided by this utility model can be applied to basements or other buildings (especially underground buildings). Compared with traditional self-weight anti-buoyancy and anti-uplift piles (or anchors), this anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering has at least the following advantages:
[0024] (1) When the groundwater level rises, the double-layer waterproof raft slab and the building exterior wall should tend to float due to water pressure. The anti-buoyancy piles enter the working state, and the anti-uplift piles provide downward anti-buoyancy force to ensure the stability of the double-layer waterproof raft slab. At the same time, since the building exterior wall and the underground continuous wall are tightly connected by the anti-buoyancy tenon structure and tenon groove in a mortise and tenon interlocking manner, the building exterior wall and the underground continuous wall form an integral whole. With the help of the self-weight and friction of the underground continuous wall, it provides anti-buoyancy force to the building exterior wall to ensure the stability of the building exterior wall. Thus, the anti-buoyancy piles and the mortise and tenon structure and tenon groove interlocking parts work together to resist the buoyancy of the groundwater and prevent the building from floating.
[0025] (2) The use of double-layer waterproof raft slabs, with the raft slab waterproof layer placed between the upper and lower raft slabs, can avoid damage to the raft slab waterproof layer at the top of the anti-uplift piles or during the construction of the building's exterior walls, ensuring the integrity and airtightness of the raft slab waterproof layer and improving the reliability of the building's waterproof performance. Attached Figure Description
[0026] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0028] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the longitudinal arrangement of the anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the relevant structure of the tenon structure and the tenon groove in the anti-buoyancy structure of building engineering provided in this embodiment of the utility model;
[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the steel reinforcement arrangement of the building exterior wall and tenon structure in the anti-buoyancy structure of the building engineering provided in this embodiment of the utility model;
[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the internal reinforcing bars of the anti-uplift pile and the double-layer waterproof raft slab in an anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0032] Icons: 1-Diaphragm wall; 11-Fence groove; 12-Fence groove waterproof layer; 13-Shock-absorbing plate; 14-Additional waterproof layer;
[0033] 2-Exterior wall of building; 201-Vertical reinforcement of exterior wall; 202-Horizontal reinforcement of exterior wall; 21-Anti-buoyancy tenon structure; 211-Horizontal reinforcement of tenon structure; 212-Stirrups of tenon structure; 2121-Tie hook structure;
[0034] 3-Double-layer waterproof raft slab; 31-Upper raft slab; 32-Raft slab waterproof layer; 33-Lower raft slab; 34-Waterproof protective layer;
[0035] 4-Extension pile; 41-Main reinforcement;
[0036] 5-Floor slab. Detailed Implementation
[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0038] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0039] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the accompanying drawings indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent accompanying drawings.
[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0041] Furthermore, the terms "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0042] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0043] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, outlines some embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.
[0044] This embodiment provides an anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering, referring to... Figures 1 to 5 The anti-buoyancy structure of this building project includes a diaphragm wall 1, an exterior wall 2, a double-layer waterproof raft slab 3, and anti-uplift piles 4. Specifically: the exterior wall 2 is located on one side of the diaphragm wall 1, and an anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 is provided at the portion of the exterior wall 2 closest to the diaphragm wall 1; the diaphragm wall 1 has tenon grooves 11 that interlock with the anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21. The double-layer waterproof raft slab 3 is located on one side of the diaphragm wall 1 and at the bottom of the exterior wall 2, and includes an upper raft slab 31, a waterproof raft slab layer 32, and a lower raft slab 33 stacked together; the upper end of the anti-uplift piles 4 is anchored inside the lower raft slab 33, and the lower end of the anti-uplift piles 4 is anchored underground.
[0045] The construction sequence of the anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering provided in this embodiment is as follows:
[0046] (1) Construct the anti-uplift pile 4 and anchor the lower end of the anti-uplift pile 4 to the ground;
[0047] (2) Construction of the underground diaphragm wall 1 is carried out by segmented excavation. Tent slots 11 are reserved on the surface of the underground diaphragm wall 1 facing the building. The reserved position can be reserved according to the corresponding height of the floor slab 5.
[0048] (3) Construction of double-layer waterproof raft slab 3: Anchor the upper end of the anti-tension pile 4 to the inside of the lower raft slab 33, chisel the connection between the lower raft slab 33 and the underground continuous wall 1 to make the lower raft slab 33 and the underground continuous wall 1 tightly connected; paste the raft slab waterproof layer 32 on the upper surface of the lower raft slab 33, and after the raft slab waterproof layer 32 reaches the preset strength, fix the upper raft slab 31 on the basis of the raft slab waterproof layer 32.
[0049] (4) Construction of the building exterior wall 2. During the construction process, the lower end of the building exterior wall 2 is tightly connected to the upper raft slab 31; the anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 and the tenon groove 11 are fastened together.
[0050] The anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering provided in this embodiment is applied to basements or other buildings (especially underground buildings). Compared with traditional self-weight anti-buoyancy and anti-uplift piles (or anchors), this anti-buoyancy structure for building engineering has at least the following advantages:
[0051] (1) When the groundwater level rises, the double-layer waterproof raft slab 3 and the building exterior wall 2 will tend to float due to water pressure. The anti-buoyancy piles 4 will enter the working state. The anti-uplift piles 4 will provide downward anti-buoyancy force to ensure the stability of the double-layer waterproof raft slab 3. At the same time, since the building exterior wall 2 and the underground continuous wall 1 are tightly connected by the anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 and tenon groove 11 in a mortise and tenon interlocking manner, the building exterior wall 2 and the underground continuous wall 1 form an integral whole. With the help of the self-weight and friction of the underground continuous wall 1, it provides anti-buoyancy force to the building exterior wall 2 to ensure the stability of the building exterior wall 2. Thus, the anti-buoyancy piles 4 and the mortise and tenon interlocking parts of the anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 and tenon groove 11 jointly resist the buoyancy of the groundwater and prevent the building from floating.
[0052] (2) A double-layer waterproof raft slab 3 is adopted, and a raft slab waterproof layer 32 is set between the upper raft slab 31 and the lower raft slab 33. This can avoid damage to the raft slab waterproof layer 32 when the upper end of the anti-uplift pile 4 is constructed or when the building exterior wall 2 is constructed, thus ensuring the integrity and airtightness of the raft slab waterproof layer 32 and improving the reliability of the building's waterproof performance.
[0053] In an optional embodiment, the inner wall of each tenon joint 11 provided on the diaphragm wall 1 is covered with a tenon joint waterproof layer 12, and a damping plate 13 is attached to the side of the tenon joint waterproof layer 12 facing away from the inner wall of the tenon joint 11. The damping plate 13 can be, but is not limited to, polystyrene board or polystyrene board. On the one hand, it can protect the tenon joint waterproof layer 12 from damage during the compression process when the anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 is fastened to the tenon joint 11. On the other hand, it can enhance the damping effect of the overall structure and improve the locking force between the anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 and the tenon joint 11 after they are fastened to the tenon joint 11.
[0054] In an optional embodiment, a waterproof supplementary layer 14 is also adhered to the inner wall of the inside corner and the outside corner of the tenon groove 11. The waterproof supplementary layer 14 is located on the side of the tenon groove waterproof layer 12 facing the inner wall of the tenon groove 11. The waterproof supplementary layer 14 and the tenon groove waterproof layer 12 may be made of the same material, but are not limited to. The waterproof supplementary layer 14 supplements and thickens the tenon groove waterproof layer 12 on the inner wall of the inside corner and the outside corner of the tenon groove 11 to improve the waterproof capability.
[0055] In some optional embodiments, both the raft waterproof layer 32 and the tenon waterproof layer 12 are laid with SBS modified bitumen waterproof material. SBS modified bitumen waterproof material is a material widely used in building waterproofing projects, especially suitable for areas that require waterproofing, such as roofs, basements, and bathrooms. Its main components include: (1) SBS, namely styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, which is added to bitumen to enhance its elasticity and weather resistance; (2) substrate, which is a carrier material used to support and reinforce SBS modified bitumen. Common substrates include polyester (PET) and fiberglass (GG); (3) surface covering material, the upper surface is generally covered with fine sand, mineral granules, PE film, etc., which play a protective role and facilitate construction. SBS modified bitumen waterproof material has excellent waterproof performance, excellent flexibility and elasticity, good weather resistance and strong anti-aging performance. In addition, it can be laid by various methods such as hot melt method and cold adhesive method, which is simple to operate and efficient. Of course, in other alternative embodiments, the materials of the raft waterproof layer 32 and the tenon waterproof layer 12 can be specifically selected as needed. The materials of the raft waterproof layer 32 and the tenon waterproof layer 12 can be the same or different.
[0056] To further enhance structural reliability, in an optional embodiment, the building exterior wall 2 is made of reinforced concrete. The reinforcing bars inside the exterior wall include vertical reinforcing bars 201 and horizontal reinforcing bars 202. During the construction of the building exterior wall 2, the lower ends of the vertical reinforcing bars 201 can be inserted into the upper raft slab 31 to ensure a tight connection between the building exterior wall 2 and the upper raft slab 31. The anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 includes tenon structure horizontal reinforcing bars 211 and tenon structure stirrups 212. The tenon structure horizontal reinforcing bars 211 are parallel to the exterior wall horizontal reinforcing bars 202; the middle part of the tenon structure stirrups 212 is parallel to the exterior wall vertical reinforcing bars 201 and abuts against one side of multiple tenon structure horizontal reinforcing bars 211, and the two ends of the tenon structure stirrups 212 are bent toward the other side of multiple tenon structure horizontal reinforcing bars 211 to form a hook structure 2121 to fix multiple tenon structure horizontal reinforcing bars 211 together.
[0057] To increase the reliability of the connection between the upper end of the tension pile 4 and the lower raft slab 33, in an optional embodiment, the tension pile 4 is provided with reinforcing bars inside, and the reinforcing bars inside the tension pile 4 include multiple main bars 41 extending vertically, with the upper end of the main bars 41 anchored inside the lower raft slab 33; and / or, optionally, the upper end of the tension pile 4 has an enlarged diameter structure that gradually increases from bottom to top.
[0058] In an optional embodiment, multiple floor slabs 5 are fixed to the building's exterior wall 2, and at least one anti-buoyancy tenon structure 21 is provided at the corresponding height of each floor slab 5. Alternatively, when the calculated anti-buoyancy measures do not meet the requirements or the building's floor height is high, anti-buoyancy tenon structures 21 and corresponding tenon slots 11 can be added between adjacent floor slabs 5 to enhance the anti-buoyancy capability.
[0059] In an optional embodiment, the double-layer waterproof raft slab 3 further includes a waterproof protective layer 34 disposed between the raft slab waterproof layer 32 and the upper raft slab 31. The waterproof protective layer 34 provides physical protection for the raft slab waterproof layer 32, enhances the hardness of the upper raft slab 31, reduces direct impact on the raft slab waterproof layer 32, and protects the raft slab waterproof layer 32 from mechanical damage and other external factors.
[0060] In an optional embodiment, the waterproof protective layer 34 may be made of cement mortar or fine aggregate concrete, or other materials.
[0061] Finally, it should be noted that:
[0062] 1. The use of "and / or" in this specification refers to the optional embodiments of this utility model, where the features described before "and / or" and the features described after "and / or" are designed simultaneously or selectively.
[0063] 2. The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. The above embodiments in this specification are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this utility model.
Claims
1. A construction anti-flooding structure, characterized by: It includes underground continuous wall (1), building exterior wall (2), double-layer waterproof raft slab (3) and tension pile (4); The building exterior wall (2) is located on one side of the underground continuous wall (1), and the part of the building exterior wall (2) near the underground continuous wall (1) is provided with an anti-buoyancy tenon structure (21); The underground continuous wall (1) is provided with a tenon groove (11) that engages with the anti-buoyancy tenon structure (21); The double-layer waterproof raft slab (3) is located on one side of the underground continuous wall (1) and at the bottom of the building exterior wall (2), including an upper raft slab (31), a raft slab waterproof layer (32), and a lower raft slab (33) stacked together; The upper end of the anti-uplift pile (4) is anchored inside the lower raft slab (33), and the lower end of the anti-uplift pile (4) is anchored underground.
2. A construction engineering anti-floating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner walls of each tenon slot (11) on the underground continuous wall (1) are covered with a tenon slot waterproof layer (12), and a shock-absorbing plate (13) is attached to the side of the tenon slot waterproof layer (12) away from the inner wall of the tenon slot (11).
3. A construction engineering anti-floating structure according to claim 2, characterised in that: The inner walls of the inner corner and outer corner of the falcon groove (11) are also covered with a waterproof additional layer (14), which is located on the side of the waterproof layer (12) of the falcon groove facing the inner wall of the falcon groove (11).
4. A construction anti-flooding structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the raft waterproof layer (32) and the mortise waterproof layer (12) are made of SBS modified bitumen waterproof material.
5. The construction anti-flooding structure according to claim 1, wherein: The building exterior wall (2) is made of reinforced concrete, and the steel bars inside the exterior wall include vertical steel bars (201) and horizontal steel bars (202); The anti-buoyancy tenon structure (21) includes tenon structure horizontal steel bars (211) and tenon structure stirrups (212); The horizontal reinforcing bars (211) of the tenon structure are parallel to the horizontal reinforcing bars (202) of the outer wall; The middle part of the tenon structure stirrup (212) is parallel to the vertical steel bar (201) of the outer wall and abuts against one side of the multiple tenon structure horizontal steel bars (211). The two ends of the tenon structure stirrup (212) are bent toward the other side of the multiple tenon structure horizontal steel bars (211) to form a hook structure (2121) to fix the multiple tenon structure horizontal steel bars (211) together.
6. The construction anti-flooding structure according to claim 1, wherein: The tension pile (4) is provided with steel bars inside, and the steel bars inside the tension pile (4) include multiple main bars (41) extending vertically. The upper end of the main bars (41) is anchored inside the lower raft slab (33); and / or, the upper end of the tension pile (4) has an enlarged diameter structure that gradually increases from bottom to top.
7. The construction anti-flooding structure according to claim 1, wherein: The building exterior wall (2) is fixed with multiple floor slabs (5), and at least one anti-buoyancy tenon structure (21) is provided at the corresponding height of each floor slab (5).
8. The construction anti-flooding structure according to claim 1, wherein: The double-layer waterproof raft slab (3) also includes a waterproof protective layer (34) disposed between the raft slab waterproof layer (32) and the upper raft slab (31).
9. A construction engineering anti-float structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The waterproof protective layer (34) is made of cement mortar or fine stone concrete.
10. The construction anti-flooding structure according to claim 1, wherein: The anti-buoyancy structure of the building project is applied to the basement.