Buffer type deformation prevention coal mine air door device

Abstract

The application discloses a buffer type anti-deformation coal mine air door device, relates to the technical field of mine roadway air door structure design, and comprises a pressure bearing frame, a door leaf main body, a hinge assembly, an elastic buffer assembly, an alarm device and a deformation monitoring mechanism; the pressure bearing frame is installed on a roadway wall surface, the door leaf main body is installed in the internal space of the pressure bearing frame, a buffer gap is left between the periphery of the door leaf main body and the pressure bearing frame, the elastic buffer assembly is uniformly distributed in the buffer gap, one end of the elastic buffer assembly is fixedly connected with the pressure bearing frame, and the end, away from the pressure bearing frame, of the elastic buffer assembly is in abutment with the door leaf main body; the deformation monitoring mechanism comprises at least two deformation monitoring sensors, and the two deformation monitoring sensors are respectively a first deformation monitoring sensor and a second deformation monitoring sensor. Through the arrangement, the device is changed from passive damage bearing to active defense and early warning, and the reliability and safety of the coal mine air door under adverse geological conditions are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of mine roadway ventilation door structure design, and in particular to a buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mining operations, ventilation doors are the core facilities of the mine ventilation system, playing a crucial role in isolating airflow, distributing air volume, and ensuring the smooth flow of pedestrians and transport passages. However, traditional ventilation doors often use a rigid frame directly fixed to the roadway wall. In roadways with high mine pressure or frequent geological activity, the surrounding rock is prone to compression and deformation, causing the outer frame of the ventilation door to bear enormous pressure. Once the roadway deformation exceeds the frame's bearing capacity, the ventilation door structure will undergo irreversible deformation. This can lead to minor issues such as door jamming and difficulty in opening and closing, or even complete locking of the ventilation door passage. This failure mode presents the following serious safety hazards: under disaster conditions, a deformed and locked ventilation door will block personnel evacuation passages, and ventilation door failure may cause airflow turbulence, leading to gas accumulation or insufficient ventilation. In addition, after deformation, production must be stopped and the door replaced, affecting mining efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device, which realizes the transformation from passively enduring damage to active defense and early warning, significantly improving the reliability and safety of coal mine ventilation doors under harsh geological conditions.

[0004] This application provides a buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device, including: a pressure-bearing frame, a door leaf body, a hinge assembly, an elastic buffer assembly, an alarm device, and a deformation monitoring mechanism; The pressure-bearing frame is installed on the tunnel wall, and the door leaf body is installed in the internal space of the pressure-bearing frame. A buffer gap is left between the door leaf body and the pressure-bearing frame around its perimeter. The elastic buffer components are evenly distributed in the buffer gap, and one end of the elastic buffer component is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing frame. The end of the elastic buffer component facing away from the pressure-bearing frame abuts against the door leaf body. The two side walls of the door leaf body are respectively connected to the corresponding two side hinges of the door leaf body through the hinge components. The deformation monitoring mechanism includes at least two deformation monitoring sensors, namely a first deformation monitoring sensor and a second deformation monitoring sensor. The first deformation monitoring sensor is fixed to the side wall of the door body, and the second deformation monitoring sensor is fixed to the top of the door body. Both the first and second deformation monitoring sensors are located close to the pressure-bearing frame. The alarm device is connected to the first and second deformation monitoring sensors respectively. The first deformation monitoring sensor is used to monitor the first relative displacement of the door body and the pressure-bearing frame in the vertical direction in real time, and generates a first over-limit signal when the first relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement safety threshold, and transmits the first over-limit signal to the alarm device; the second deformation monitoring sensor is used to monitor the second relative displacement of the door body and the pressure-bearing frame in the horizontal direction in real time, and generates a second over-limit signal when the second relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement safety threshold, and transmits the second over-limit signal to the alarm device, the alarm device being used to issue an alarm based on the first over-limit signal and the second over-limit signal respectively.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this application, the pressure-bearing frame includes an upper supporting beam, a lower supporting beam, two first telescopic adjustment mechanisms, two second telescopic adjustment mechanisms, and two side support columns. The top ends of the two side support columns are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper supporting beam through the two first telescopic adjustment mechanisms, and the bottom ends of the two side support columns are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper supporting beam through the two second telescopic adjustment mechanisms.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, the elastic buffer assembly includes a top elastic buffer, a bottom elastic buffer, and two side elastic buffers. The side elastic buffers correspond one-to-one with the side support columns. The inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, the inner top surface of the lower supporting beam, and the inner surfaces of the two side support columns facing the door body are all provided with mounting grooves. The top elastic buffer is disposed in the mounting groove on the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, and one end of the top elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam. The end of the top elastic buffer facing away from the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam abuts against the top of the door body. The bottom elastic buffer is disposed in the mounting groove on the inner top surface of the lower support beam, and one end of the bottom elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the lower support beam. The end of the bottom elastic buffer facing away from the inner top surface of the lower support beam abuts against the bottom of the door body. The side elastic buffer is disposed in the mounting groove on the inner side of the corresponding side support column facing the door body, and one end of the side elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the inner side of the corresponding side support column facing the door body. The end of the side elastic buffer facing away from the inner side of the side support column abuts against the bottom of the door body.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, the door leaf body includes a door panel assembly and a sealing strip. The sealing strip is installed on the four edges of the door panel assembly. The door panel assembly is installed in the internal space of the pressure-bearing frame. A buffer gap is left between the four edges of the door panel assembly and the pressure-bearing frame. The elastic buffer components are evenly distributed in the buffer gap.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the deformation monitoring mechanism includes four deformation monitoring sensors, namely two first deformation monitoring sensors and two second deformation monitoring sensors. The two first deformation monitoring sensors are respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the door body, and the two second deformation monitoring sensors are respectively fixed to the two side walls of the door body. Each first deformation monitoring sensor and each second deformation monitoring sensor is disposed close to the pressure-bearing frame, and the alarm device is respectively connected to each first deformation monitoring sensor and each second deformation monitoring sensor.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the alarm device integrates a wireless communication module, and the alarm device is wirelessly connected to each of the first deformation monitoring sensors and each of the second deformation monitoring sensors through the wireless communication module. The alarm device is installed on the tunnel wall or the pressure-bearing frame.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device further includes an audible and visual alarm, which is connected to the alarm device.

[0011] The technical effects achieved by this application are as follows: 1. A buffer gap is set between the door body and the pressure frame and filled with elastic buffer components. When the surrounding rock of the tunnel deforms and squeezes the pressure frame, the pressure frame will be displaced or deformed. The elastic buffer components (such as high-strength spring groups, rubber buffer pads, etc.) are compressed or stretched in this process, absorbing and dissipating most of the stress transmitted to the door body. This avoids the deformation pressure from being directly and entirely applied to the door body in traditional rigid connections, causing it to exceed the yield limit and undergo plastic deformation (such as bending, twisting) or even breakage. This ensures that the door body can maintain a relatively intact and functional state when the frame undergoes a certain deformation, significantly reducing the risk of "irreversible deformation" and "complete locking", and ensuring that the door can still be opened and closed after the tunnel is deformed. 2. The hinge assembly connects the door leaf body to the load-bearing frame on both sides. This design, especially when combined with buffer gaps and elastic components, allows the door leaf body to rotate around the hinge axis to a certain extent when the load-bearing frame undergoes uneven deformation, preventing it from completely jamming due to frame twisting. Even if the load-bearing frame is affected by the deformation of the alley, the door leaf body can still maintain basic opening and closing functions with the cooperation of elastic buffer and special hinges, ensuring the smooth flow of personnel and transportation channels. 3. Deformation Monitoring Mechanism: Sensor Arrangement: The first sensor (vertical direction) is located on the side wall, and the second sensor (horizontal direction) is located on the top, both close to the load-bearing frame (i.e., the deformation-sensitive area). This arrangement can effectively capture the relative displacement between the door body and the frame in key directions. The sensors measure the relative displacement between the door body and the load-bearing frame in real time and accurately (first relative displacement - vertical, second relative displacement - horizontal). The system has a preset displacement safety threshold (this threshold is set based on the strength of the door structure, the limit stroke of the buffer component, the range of motion of the hinge, etc.). When the relative displacement in any direction exceeds the preset threshold, the corresponding sensor (first or second) will immediately generate an over-limit signal (first over-limit signal or second over-limit signal). After receiving the over-limit signal, the alarm device will immediately issue an alarm (sound, light, wireless signal transmission, etc.) to detect abnormal deformation trends in advance before the door body is seriously jammed or structurally damaged, or even before minute deformations are imperceptible to the naked eye. The alarm signal clearly indicates to staff that the damper structure is under abnormal pressure and is at risk of failure. Before or in the early stages of a disaster such as a gas outburst or rock burst, staff receive a warning and have valuable time to evacuate personnel, regulate airflow, or take reinforcement measures. This greatly reduces the risk of the damper suddenly locking and blocking the evacuation route during a disaster, and prompts maintenance personnel to intervene in time to inspect, adjust, or repair, preventing the damper from failing completely due to accumulated deformation, and avoiding airflow turbulence problems such as airflow short circuits, gas accumulation, or insufficient ventilation caused by damper failure. 4. The deformation monitoring and alarm system enables predictive maintenance, allowing problems to be detected and addressed at an early stage. Usually, only simple adjustments (such as resetting the buffer assembly or checking the hinges) or local reinforcement are needed. This avoids the large-scale and time-consuming shutdown and replacement that must be carried out after the damper is completely jammed or severely deformed in the traditional way. It significantly extends the overall service life of the damper device, greatly reduces unplanned downtime caused by damper failure, and improves the production efficiency and economic benefits of the coal mine.

[0012] This application, through this configuration, achieves a shift from passively enduring damage to actively defending and providing early warning, significantly improving the reliability and safety of coal mine ventilation doors under harsh geological conditions.

[0013] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood in conjunction with the following description of the embodiments, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine air door device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0015] Figure label: The load-bearing frame 110, the door leaf body 120, the first door leaf panel 121, the second door leaf panel 122, the door lock 123, and the elastic buffer assembly 130. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0017] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0018] In the description of this application, the use of "first" and "second" is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of the technical features indicated.

[0019] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0020] In coal mining operations, ventilation doors are the core facilities of the mine ventilation system, playing a crucial role in isolating airflow, distributing air volume, and ensuring the smooth flow of pedestrians and transport passages. However, traditional ventilation doors often use a rigid frame directly fixed to the roadway wall. In roadways with high mine pressure or frequent geological activity, the surrounding rock is prone to compression and deformation, causing the outer frame of the ventilation door to bear enormous pressure. Once the roadway deformation exceeds the frame's bearing capacity, the ventilation door structure will undergo irreversible deformation. This can lead to minor issues such as door jamming and difficulty in opening and closing, or even complete locking of the ventilation door passage. This failure mode presents the following serious safety hazards: under disaster conditions, a deformed and locked ventilation door will block personnel evacuation passages, and ventilation door failure may cause airflow turbulence, leading to gas accumulation or insufficient ventilation. In addition, after deformation, production must be stopped and the door replaced, affecting mining efficiency.

[0021] To address the aforementioned problems, this application proposes a buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device. The embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Reference Figure 1This application provides a buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device, including a pressure-bearing frame, a door body 110, a hinge assembly, an elastic buffer assembly 130, an alarm device, and a deformation monitoring mechanism. The pressure-bearing frame 110 is installed on the roadway wall, and the door body 120 is installed in the internal space of the pressure-bearing frame 110. A buffer gap is left between the door body 120 and the pressure-bearing frame 110. The elastic buffer assembly 130 is evenly distributed in the buffer gap, and one end of the elastic buffer assembly 130 is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing frame 110. The end of the elastic buffer assembly 130 away from the pressure-bearing frame 110 abuts against the door body 120. The two side walls of the door body 120 are respectively connected to the corresponding two side hinges of the door body 120 through the hinge assembly. The deformation monitoring mechanism includes at least two deformation monitoring sensors, namely a first deformation monitoring sensor and a second deformation monitoring sensor. The first deformation monitoring sensor is fixedly connected to the door body 120. A second deformation monitoring sensor is fixed to the top of the door body 120, and both the first and second deformation monitoring sensors are located close to the pressure-bearing frame 110. An alarm device is connected to the first and second deformation monitoring sensors respectively. The first deformation monitoring sensor is used to monitor the first relative displacement of the door body 120 and the pressure-bearing frame 110 in the vertical direction in real time, and generates a first over-limit signal when the first relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement safety threshold, and sends the first over-limit signal to the alarm device. The second deformation monitoring sensor is used to monitor the second relative displacement of the door body 120 and the pressure-bearing frame 110 in the horizontal direction in real time, and generates a second over-limit signal when the second relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement safety threshold, and sends the second over-limit signal to the alarm device. The alarm device is used to issue an alarm based on the first and second over-limit signals respectively.

[0023] The technical effects achieved by this application are as follows: 1. A buffer gap is set between the door body 120 and the pressure frame 110 and filled with an elastic buffer component 130. When the surrounding rock of the tunnel deforms and squeezes the pressure frame 110, the pressure frame 110 will be displaced or deformed. The elastic buffer component 130 (such as a high-strength spring group, rubber buffer pad, etc.) is compressed or stretched in this process, absorbing and dissipating most of the stress transmitted to the door body 120. This avoids the deformation pressure in the traditional rigid connection from acting directly and entirely on the door body 120, causing it to exceed the yield limit and undergo plastic deformation (such as bending, twisting) or even breakage. This ensures that the door body 120 can still maintain a relatively intact and functional state when the frame undergoes a certain deformation. This significantly reduces the risk of "irreversible deformation" and "complete locking", ensuring that the door can still be opened and closed after the tunnel is deformed. 2. The hinge assembly is connected between the two sides of the door body 120 and the pressure frame 110. This design, especially when combined with the buffer gap and elastic component, allows the door body 120 to still rotate around the hinge axis to a certain extent when the pressure frame 110 undergoes uneven deformation, so as not to be completely jammed due to frame twisting. Even if the pressure frame 110 is affected by the deformation of the alley, the door body 120 can still maintain basic opening and closing functions with the cooperation of elastic buffer and special hinge, ensuring the smooth flow of personnel and transportation channels. 3. Deformation Monitoring Mechanism: Sensor Arrangement: The first sensor (vertical direction) is located on the side wall, and the second sensor (horizontal direction) is located on the top, both close to the load-bearing frame 110 (i.e., the deformation-sensitive area). This arrangement can effectively capture the relative displacement between the door body 120 and the frame in key directions. The sensors measure the relative displacement between the door body 120 and the load-bearing frame 110 in real time and accurately (first relative displacement - vertical, second relative displacement - horizontal). The system presets a displacement safety threshold (this threshold is set based on the strength of the damper structure, the limit stroke of the buffer component, the range of motion of the hinge, etc.). When the relative displacement in any direction exceeds the preset threshold, the corresponding sensor (first or second) will immediately generate an over-limit signal (first over-limit signal or second over-limit signal). After receiving the over-limit signal, the alarm device will immediately issue an alarm (sound, light, wireless signal transmission, etc.) to detect abnormal deformation trends in advance before the door body 120 is seriously jammed or structurally damaged, or even before minute deformations are imperceptible to the naked eye. The alarm signal clearly indicates to staff that the damper structure is under abnormal pressure and is at risk of failure. Before or in the early stages of a disaster such as a gas outburst or rock burst, staff receive a warning and have valuable time to evacuate personnel, regulate airflow, or take reinforcement measures. This greatly reduces the risk of the damper suddenly locking and blocking the evacuation route during a disaster, and prompts maintenance personnel to intervene in time to inspect, adjust, or repair, preventing the damper from failing completely due to accumulated deformation, and avoiding airflow turbulence problems such as airflow short circuits, gas accumulation, or insufficient ventilation caused by damper failure. 4. The deformation monitoring and alarm system enables predictive maintenance, allowing problems to be detected and addressed at an early stage. Usually, only simple adjustments (such as resetting the buffer assembly or checking the hinges) or local reinforcement are needed. This avoids the large-scale and time-consuming shutdown and replacement that must be carried out after the damper is completely jammed or severely deformed in the traditional way. It significantly extends the overall service life of the damper device, greatly reduces unplanned downtime caused by damper failure, and improves the production efficiency and economic benefits of the coal mine.

[0024] This application, through this configuration, achieves a shift from passively enduring damage to actively defending and providing early warning, significantly improving the reliability and safety of coal mine ventilation doors under harsh geological conditions.

[0025] It is understood that the pressure-bearing frame 110 includes an upper top beam, a lower bottom beam, two first telescopic adjustment mechanisms, two second telescopic adjustment mechanisms, and two side support columns. The top ends of the two side support columns are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper top beam through the two first telescopic adjustment mechanisms, and the bottom ends of the two side support columns are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper top beam through the two second telescopic adjustment mechanisms.

[0026] It should be noted that the pressure-bearing frame 110 is fixedly installed on the roadway wall, forming the rigid skeleton and installation foundation of the entire device. Its size is slightly smaller than the roadway cross-section to accommodate the installation space. Specifically, the upper bearing beam is located at the top of the frame and is arranged horizontally; the lower bearing beam is located at the bottom of the frame and is arranged horizontally, maintaining a certain distance from or fixed to the roadway floor; the side support columns are located on the left and right sides of the frame and are arranged vertically, connecting the upper bearing beam and the lower bearing beam; the upper bearing beam, the lower bearing beam, and the side support columns are connected to the side support columns through two first telescopic adjustment mechanisms and two second telescopic adjustment mechanisms, respectively, and the connection point position between the side support columns and the crossbeams can be adjusted within a certain range.

[0027] For example, the telescopic adjustment mechanism includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, an adjusting screw, a locking nut assembly, and a guide key / pin. The outer cylinder (fixed end) is welded or bolted to the top / bottom of the side support column and has internal threads or grooves. The inner cylinder (movable end) is nested inside the outer cylinder, with one end connected to the end of the upper bearing beam / lower bearing bottom beam and the other end housing the adjustment mechanism. The adjusting screw passes through the center of the inner cylinder, with both ends fixed by bearings, and one end extending to the outside of the outer cylinder and fitted with an adjusting handwheel. The locking nut assembly is located on the outside of the outer cylinder and is used to fix the adjusted length (e.g., a double-nut anti-loosening structure). The guide key / pin is used to prevent the inner cylinder from rotating and ensure axial telescopic movement (e.g., keyway fit or through pin). The side support column and the outer cylinder are rigidly welded or connected by high-strength bolts. The outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are nested and slidably fitted, with circumferential rotation restricted by the guide key. The inner cylinder is connected to the upper bearing beam / lower bearing bottom beam via flange bolts or hinged seats. The screw tail bearing of the adjusting screw is fixed to the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the threaded section engages with the internal thread of the outer cylinder. The working principle of the telescopic adjustment mechanism is as follows: Loosen the locking nut and rotate the adjusting handwheel to drive the screw to rotate; the screw engages with the outer cylinder's thread to generate axial displacement, pushing the inner cylinder to extend outward or retract inward along the guide key; the telescopic amount is monitored in real time through a dial (or laser rangefinder), and after adjusting to the target length, the double nuts are locked. When the top plate sinks, rotate the first telescopic adjustment mechanism (top) of the upper support beam to shorten the length and reduce the frame height, preventing the crossbeam from bending; when the bottom drum deforms, operate the second telescopic adjustment mechanism (bottom) of the lower support beam to extend the mechanism to lift the frame and maintain the vertical gap of the door leaf; during lateral compression, simultaneously adjust the upper and lower telescopic mechanisms on the same side to tilt the side support column inward / outward, restoring the rectangular outline of the frame. It is linked with active defense: deformation monitoring sensor detects displacement exceeding the limit → alarm device prompts maintenance → manual adjustment of the telescopic mechanism releases frame stress → elastic buffer component resets → door leaf body 120 returns to the centered position.

[0028] It is understood that the elastic buffer assembly 130 includes a top elastic buffer, a bottom elastic buffer, and two side elastic buffers. The side elastic buffers correspond one-to-one with the side support columns. The inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, the inner top surface of the lower supporting beam, and the inner surfaces of the two side support columns facing the door body 120 are all provided with mounting grooves. The top elastic buffer is positioned in the mounting groove on the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, with one end of the top elastic buffer fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, and the end of the top elastic buffer facing away from the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam abutting against the top of the door body 120; the bottom elastic buffer… The buffer is installed in the mounting groove on the inner top surface of the lower support beam, and one end of the bottom elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the lower support beam. The end of the bottom elastic buffer away from the inner top surface of the lower support beam abuts against the bottom of the door body 120. The side elastic buffer is installed in the mounting groove on the inner side of the corresponding side support column facing the door body 120, and one end of the side elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the inner side of the corresponding side support column facing the door body 120. The end of the side elastic buffer away from the inner side of the side support column facing the door body 120 abuts against the bottom of the door body 120.

[0029] It should be noted that continuous or spaced mounting slots are provided on the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, the inner top surface of the lower supporting beam, and the inner surfaces of the two side support columns facing the center of the door body. These mounting slots are used to accommodate and fix the elastic buffer assembly 130, provide a rigid installation base for the door body 120, withstand the initial pressure generated by the deformation of the tunnel, and disperse and transfer the concentrated pressure from the tunnel to the whole frame through its structure (especially the first telescopic adjustment mechanism and the second telescopic adjustment mechanism), so as to avoid excessive local stress and provide an installation position (mounting slot) for the elastic buffer assembly 130. Its adjustability allows the device to adapt to tunnels of different sizes or those that have undergone a certain degree of deformation, ensuring the stability of the initial installation.

[0030] It is understood that the door body 120 includes a door panel assembly and a sealing strip. The sealing strip is installed around the perimeter of the door panel assembly. The door panel assembly is installed in the internal space of the pressure-bearing frame 110. A buffer gap is left between the perimeter of the door panel assembly and the pressure-bearing frame 110. The elastic buffer assembly 130 is evenly distributed in the buffer gap.

[0031] It should be noted that a certain buffer gap is left between the door panel assembly and the pressure-bearing frame 110 (especially the mounting groove area), and the elastic buffer component 130 is installed in this gap; the main structure of the door panel assembly is a steel plate or composite board, which is used to seal the airflow channel; the sealing strip is installed on the four edges of the door panel assembly (top edge, bottom edge, and two sides). When the damper is closed, the sealing strip is pressed tightly against the sealing surface of the corresponding position of the pressure-bearing frame 110 (usually located on the outside of the mounting groove or on a specially designed sealing flange) to achieve a seal. The door panel 120 is hinged to the column of the pressure-bearing frame 110 via a hinge assembly, which allows the door panel body 120 to rotate around the hinge axis within the pressure-bearing frame 110 to open and close. The top edge of the door panel assembly is in elastic contact with the top elastic buffer in the mounting groove of the top support beam of the pressure-bearing frame 110, the bottom edge of the door panel assembly is in elastic contact with the bottom elastic buffer in the mounting groove of the bottom support beam of the pressure-bearing frame 110, and the two side edges of the door panel assembly are in elastic contact with the side elastic buffers in the mounting grooves of the support columns on both sides of the pressure-bearing frame 110.

[0032] It is understood that the deformation monitoring mechanism includes four deformation monitoring sensors, namely two first deformation monitoring sensors and two second deformation monitoring sensors. The two first deformation monitoring sensors are fixed to the top and bottom of the door body 120, respectively, and the two second deformation monitoring sensors are fixed to the two side walls of the door body 120, respectively. Each first deformation monitoring sensor and each second deformation monitoring sensor is set close to the pressure-bearing frame 110, and the alarm device is connected to each first deformation monitoring sensor and each second deformation monitoring sensor.

[0033] It should be noted that the top elastic buffer is installed in the mounting groove on the inner bottom surface of the top beam of the pressure-bearing frame 110, and its lower end is in elastic contact with the upper surface of the top edge of the door panel assembly; the bottom elastic buffer is installed in the mounting groove on the inner top surface of the bottom beam of the pressure-bearing frame 110, and its upper end is in elastic contact with the lower surface of the bottom edge of the door panel assembly; the side elastic buffer is installed in the mounting groove on the inner side of the support columns on both sides of the pressure-bearing frame 110 (i.e., the groove facing the side of the door body 120), and its inner end is in elastic contact with the side of the corresponding side edge of the door panel assembly. The top elastic buffer, bottom elastic buffer, and side elastic buffer are usually made of springs, high-strength rubber buffer pads, polyurethane buffer blocks, or other materials / structures with good elasticity, compressive strength, and fatigue resistance. They can be single units or combinations (such as springs + rubber pads).

[0034] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1The door panel assembly includes a first door leaf panel 121, a second door leaf panel 122, and a door lock 123. The first door leaf panel 121 and the second door leaf panel 122 are connected by the door lock 123. The top, top, and side away from the door lock 123 of the first door leaf panel 121 abut against the elastic buffer component 130 provided on the pressure-bearing frame 110. The top, top, and side away from the door lock 123 of the second door leaf panel 122 abut against the elastic buffer component 130 provided on the pressure-bearing frame 110.

[0035] In some embodiments, the hinge assembly includes two first hinges and two second hinges. The two first hinges are respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the side wall of the first door panel 121 away from the door lock 123. The first door panel 121 is connected to the corresponding side support column hinge through the two hinges. The two second hinges are respectively disposed at the upper and lower ends of the side wall of the second door panel 122 away from the door lock 123. The second door panel 122 is connected to the corresponding side support column hinge through the two hinges.

[0036] It should be noted that the first hinge and the second hinge can be one of a universal hinge, an oblong hole hinge, or a hinge, and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0037] It is understandable that the alarm device integrates a wireless communication module, and the alarm device is wirelessly connected to each first deformation monitoring sensor and each second deformation monitoring sensor through the wireless communication module. The alarm device is installed on the tunnel wall or the pressure frame 110.

[0038] Understandably, the buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device also includes an audible and visual alarm, which is connected to the alarm device.

[0039] It should be noted that the main body of the alarm device is usually installed on the roadway wall or on the pressure frame 110 near the air door in a location that is easy to observe and maintain. The audible and visual alarm (speaker, warning light) needs to be installed in a conspicuous and easily noticeable location. The wireless communication module is integrated into the alarm device, receiving signals from the first deformation monitoring sensor and the second deformation monitoring sensor via cable or wireless means, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to sound the alarm. The wireless communication module uses the mine's wireless network (such as WiFi, 4G / 5G, LoRa, etc.) The system connects to the surface monitoring center via leakage communication, receives and processes displacement status signals from the first and second deformation monitoring sensors. When an over-limit signal is received from either sensor, a local audible and visual alarm (such as a high-decibel buzzer or flashing red light) is immediately triggered to alert nearby or passing underground workers to the abnormal condition of the ventilation door. The alarm information (including door position, displacement, and alarm time) is transmitted to the surface monitoring center in real time via a wireless communication module, enabling ground dispatchers and maintenance personnel to promptly grasp the situation and provide early warnings. This allows management personnel to arrange inspections and repairs in a timely manner before the ventilation door becomes completely jammed or a serious accident occurs, ensuring the safety of the ventilation system and the unobstructed passageway for personnel evacuation.

[0040] An exemplary active defense process during tunnel deformation: The surrounding rock of the tunnel compresses the bearing frame 110 → The bearing frame 110 undergoes displacement or deformation (such as inward inclination of the side support column or bending of the crossbeam). The deformation of the bearing frame 110 compresses / stretches the elastic buffer component 130 at the corresponding position (such as inward inclination of the side support column compressing the side buffer component, or roof sinking compressing the top buffer component). Buffer materials such as springs and rubber pads absorb kinetic energy through elastic deformation, dissipate stress peaks, and prevent the deformation force from being directly transmitted to the door panel assembly. The door panel assembly maintains relative positional stability under the support of the buffer component, avoiding rigid collisions or torsion. The buffer gap provides deformation space, ensuring that the door panel is not directly compressed by local deformation of the frame. When the load-bearing frame 110 undergoes uneven deformation (such as unilateral settlement), the hinge assembly allows the door panel assembly to rotate slightly around its axis. Combined with the deformation allowance of the buffer gap, the door panel assembly can "float" to adjust its angle, preventing mechanical jamming caused by the twisting of the load-bearing frame 110. Even under stress, the door panel assembly can still achieve basic opening and closing through hinge rotation, ensuring unobstructed evacuation routes during disasters. The first deformation monitoring sensor at the top / bottom (monitors the vertical misalignment of the door panel and frame), and the second deformation monitoring sensors on both sides... Sensors (monitoring lateral compression between the door panel and frame) have preset displacement safety thresholds (set based on the maximum stroke of the buffer assembly, the hinge's activity limit, and the door's structural strength). The sensors compare data with these thresholds in real time to detect abnormal deformation trends. If any deformation monitoring sensor detects a displacement exceeding the threshold, it generates an over-limit signal in the corresponding direction (first / second over-limit signal). An audible and visual alarm immediately activates (e.g., a buzzer and flashing light in the well), alerting on-site personnel. The wireless communication module sends alarm information (including door ID, displacement data, and timestamp) to the surface monitoring center before the door becomes stuck. Before the alarm is triggered, the risk of continuous deformation of the surrounding rock is exposed in advance, giving time for personnel evacuation, airflow control (such as activating backup ventilation lines), or emergency reinforcement. After the alarm is triggered, maintenance personnel locate the direction of deformation (such as horizontal over-limit indicating abnormal lateral pressure) and check the status of the corresponding buffer components: reset springs, replacement of damaged rubber pads, etc. The geometry of the pressure-bearing frame 110 is corrected through the telescopic adjustment mechanism to compensate for the amount of roadway deformation. After the stress source is eliminated, the buffer components push the door panel to reset, restoring the sealing and opening / closing functions. Historical deformation data is accumulated → threshold settings are optimized → risks in high mine pressure areas are predicted → proactive reinforcement plans are formulated.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0042] The above description is the preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device, characterized in that, include: Pressure-bearing frame, door leaf body, hinge assembly, elastic buffer assembly, alarm device and deformation monitoring mechanism; The pressure-bearing frame is installed on the tunnel wall, and the door leaf body is installed in the internal space of the pressure-bearing frame. A buffer gap is left between the door leaf body and the pressure-bearing frame around its perimeter. The elastic buffer components are evenly distributed in the buffer gap, and one end of the elastic buffer component is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing frame. The end of the elastic buffer component facing away from the pressure-bearing frame abuts against the door leaf body. The two side walls of the door leaf body are respectively connected to the corresponding two side hinges of the door leaf body through the hinge components. The deformation monitoring mechanism includes at least two deformation monitoring sensors, namely a first deformation monitoring sensor and a second deformation monitoring sensor. The first deformation monitoring sensor is fixed to the side wall of the door body, and the second deformation monitoring sensor is fixed to the top of the door body. Both the first and second deformation monitoring sensors are located close to the pressure-bearing frame. The alarm device is connected to the first and second deformation monitoring sensors respectively. The first deformation monitoring sensor is used to monitor the first relative displacement of the door body and the pressure-bearing frame in the vertical direction in real time, and generates a first over-limit signal when the first relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement safety threshold, and transmits the first over-limit signal to the alarm device; the second deformation monitoring sensor is used to monitor the second relative displacement of the door body and the pressure-bearing frame in the horizontal direction in real time, and generates a second over-limit signal when the second relative displacement exceeds a preset displacement safety threshold, and transmits the second over-limit signal to the alarm device, the alarm device being used to issue an alarm based on the first over-limit signal and the second over-limit signal respectively.

2. The buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure-bearing frame includes an upper supporting beam, a lower supporting beam, two first telescopic adjustment mechanisms, two second telescopic adjustment mechanisms, and two side support columns. The top ends of the two side support columns are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper supporting beam through the two first telescopic adjustment mechanisms, and the bottom ends of the two side support columns are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper supporting beam through the two second telescopic adjustment mechanisms.

3. The buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine air door device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic buffer assembly includes a top elastic buffer, a bottom elastic buffer, and two side elastic buffers. Each side elastic buffer corresponds to one of the side support columns. The inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, the inner top surface of the lower supporting beam, and the inner surfaces of the two side support columns facing the door body are all provided with mounting grooves. The top elastic buffer is disposed in the mounting groove on the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, with one end of the top elastic buffer fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam, and the end of the top elastic buffer facing away from the inner bottom surface of the upper supporting beam abutting against the top of the door body. The bottom elastic buffer... The bottom elastic buffer is installed in the mounting groove on the inner top surface of the lower support beam, and one end of the bottom elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the lower support beam. The end of the bottom elastic buffer away from the inner top surface of the lower support beam abuts against the bottom of the door body. The side elastic buffer is installed in the mounting groove on the inner side of the corresponding side support column facing the door body, and one end of the side elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the inner side of the corresponding side support column facing the door body. The end of the side elastic buffer away from the inner side of the side support column facing the door body abuts against the bottom of the door body.

4. The buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the door leaf includes a door panel assembly and a sealing strip. The sealing strip is installed around the perimeter of the door panel assembly. The door panel assembly is installed in the internal space of the pressure-bearing frame. A buffer gap is left between the perimeter of the door panel assembly and the pressure-bearing frame. The elastic buffer components are evenly distributed in the buffer gap.

5. The buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine air door device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The deformation monitoring mechanism includes four deformation monitoring sensors, namely two first deformation monitoring sensors and two second deformation monitoring sensors. The two first deformation monitoring sensors are fixed to the top and bottom of the door body, respectively, and the two second deformation monitoring sensors are fixed to the two side walls of the door body, respectively. Each first deformation monitoring sensor and each second deformation monitoring sensor is located close to the pressure-bearing frame. The alarm device is connected to each first deformation monitoring sensor and each second deformation monitoring sensor.

6. The buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The alarm device integrates a wireless communication module, and the alarm device is wirelessly connected to each of the first deformation monitoring sensors and each of the second deformation monitoring sensors through the wireless communication module. The alarm device is installed on the tunnel wall or the pressure-bearing frame.

7. The buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device according to any one of claims 1 or 6, characterized in that, The buffer-type anti-deformation coal mine ventilation door device also includes an audible and visual alarm, which is connected to the alarm device.

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