System and method for conducting driving simulations with a real vehicle

Abstract

System (100) for performing driving simulations with a real vehicle, comprising: a vehicle (10) with at least one drive system (30), a steering system (50) and a braking system (70), wherein the vehicle (10) remains in a resting state and in a simulation mode during the simulation; controls for the vehicle (10), comprising at least one accelerator pedal (32), a steering wheel (52) and a brake pedal (72); a driver's seat (20); turntables for the front wheels of the vehicle (10) which serve as a feedback system and simulate the rotational movement of the wheels to create a more realistic steering feel; a main electronic control unit (ECU) (40) which is connected to the controls, control units and sensors of the vehicle (10) to receive and process inputs from a driver and to provide them in the form of control signals (355);a simulation module (300) with simulation software (320) and an input interface (350) for the control signals (355), wherein the simulation module (300) is configured to communicate at least with the main control unit (40) and to process in real time the control signals (355) of the drive system (30), the steering system (50) and the braking system (70) provided at least by the main control unit (40), which are generated by actuating the respective controls, in order to create virtual driving environments with visual and acoustic driving dynamics; a display unit (200) for displaying the virtual visual driving environment; and an audio system (250) for playing back virtual ambient sounds and driving sounds.

Description

The invention relates to a system, a method and a computer program product for performing driving simulations with a real vehicle. Sim racing is a form of electronic sports (e-sports) that uses realistic driving simulations. In the past, this form of e-sports was limited by low computing power and far removed from reality. Thanks to advanced computer technology, however, it now offers a deceptively realistic simulation experience. The virtual race cars not only resemble their real-world counterparts in every detail, but also behave almost identically. Simulators with their own steering wheels and pedals enable a realistic driving feel that is appreciated by sim racers as well as Formula 1 and Formula E drivers. The latter use these simulators to prepare for their races. Simulation steering wheels and pedals generate realistic steering forces and resistances and provide clearly perceptible feedback from the vehicle and the track, just like in a real race car.Driving simulations are based on software-generated models of real racetracks, whose profiles are captured using laser scanning in a centimeter or even millimeter grid. The photorealistic rendering of the vehicles and their surroundings creates the illusion of being in a real race car. Launched in 2014, Formula E differs from traditional motorsport in several ways, as it exclusively uses electrically powered race cars. All drive components are proprietary developments of the respective car manufacturers. These include the electric motor, the inverter, the brake-by-wire system, the gearbox, the differential, the load-bearing structure and the associated rear axle suspension components, as well as the cooling system and the control unit. Formula E drivers, in particular, dedicate a significant portion of their race preparation to analyzing data and optimizing driving strategies, especially with regard to intelligent energy management. Digital test drives provide valuable support and accelerate the learning curve. These tests offer the opportunity to test various functions and driving modes and to understand the overall logic behind optimizing energy consumption during a race. In real-world motorsport, drivers are exposed to high speeds and physical risks, ranging from crashes to injuries. Sim racing, on the other hand, offers a safe environment where drivers can hone their skills without physical risk. The ability to avoid crashes makes sim racing an attractive option for motorsport fans who want to test and improve their skills without the dangers of real-world racing. Sim racing gives enthusiasts the opportunity to virtually drive their dream cars, whether historic racing machines or current models that are otherwise difficult to access. Professional racing drivers use sim racing as a training tool to familiarize themselves with racetracks, develop race tactics, and optimize their reaction times. Sim racing simulators are a specialized hardware device designed to provide the most realistic driving experience possible. The steering wheel for a sim racing simulator is often a replica of a real racing wheel, characterized by a diameter and grip that closely resemble the original. Sim racing steering wheels frequently incorporate actuators that simulate the forces acting on the wheel as the vehicle moves around the track. Most simulators also feature a set of three pedals (brake, accelerator, and clutch pedals) arranged to match those in a real race car. The devices typically connect to the computer via USB, ensuring seamless interaction with simulation software. Sim racing simulators primarily offer visual and auditory feedback, but cannot convey the physical sensations of a real vehicle, such as acceleration forces in corners or vibrations in the seat. While the visual representation of sim racing is highly realistic, it lacks the physical movement of the vehicle, which is crucial for driving feel and balance in a real racing situation. Therefore, sim racing has limited use for fine-tuning driving technique. DE 10 2023 003 597 A1 relates to a method for simulating at least one vehicle dynamic of a selected vehicle in an electrically operated motor vehicle using a simulation device, wherein characteristic measured values ​​for the simulation of the vehicle dynamics are transmitted to the simulation device and corresponding control variables are calculated and / or derived from them, which are transmitted to respective control devices of the motor vehicle for at least partial adjustment of the actual vehicle dynamics. German patent DE 10 2023 109 327 A1 relates to a system for an augmented virtual reality simulator using a vehicle. The system includes the vehicle with a control function configured for selective use in an actual operating mode and a simulation mode. In actual operating mode, the control function is used to control the actual operation of the vehicle. In simulation mode, the control function is used as an input device for the augmented virtual reality simulator. DE 10 2015 118 727 A1 relates to a method for driving simulation comprising operation of a stationary vehicle by an occupant of the vehicle, a simulation of the vehicle's driving behavior dependent on the operation, and feedback to the occupant dependent on the driving behavior. DE 10 2022 114 105 A1 relates to a method for simulating vehicle operating sessions, wherein vehicle data representing the properties of a vehicle during an operating session are received, and a first actual value of the vehicle data is identified that corresponds to at least one operator input. Furthermore, a first expected value is determined, and if the first actual value lies outside a range of the first expected value, a corresponding vehicle simulation is generated. The invention is based on the objective of using a real vehicle to generate input commands for a driving simulation, in particular an engine driving simulation, instead of conventional hardware sim racing simulators, in order to enable a particularly realistic simulation of driving situations. This problem is solved according to the invention with respect to a system by the features of claim 1, with respect to a method by the features of claim 11, and with respect to a computer program product by the features of claim 14. The further claims relate to preferred embodiments of the invention. The system according to the invention uses real vehicle components and electronic systems to provide the most authentic driving simulation possible. This includes coupling the real vehicle signals with the virtual simulation data, utilizing the vehicle's onboard power (in the case of BEVs) or an external power supply (in the case of combustion engines), and providing realistic feedback via EPS and eBKV. The simulation is displayed, in particular, on a screen, and a projection onto the windshield is also possible. The system according to the invention offers a comprehensive and realistic sim racing experience for amateur and professional racing drivers. It provides a safe and controlled environment for training and entertainment. By using a real vehicle or chassis, a high degree of authenticity is achieved in the driving simulation, which conventional simulators cannot offer. The steering, pedals, seat, and other controls are identical to those of a real vehicle, thus conveying a genuine driving feel. The invention makes it possible to use a conventional garage space for simulation training, reducing the need for dedicated simulation rooms and increasing accessibility. Professional racing drivers and amateurs can train under near-real-world conditions and thus improve their skills even more effectively. The ability to use different vehicle types (BEVs and combustion engine vehicles) expands the application possibilities of the simulation. By utilizing existing vehicles and existing spatial infrastructure, particularly garages, costs can be reduced and access to improved simulation environments simplified. The invention thus represents an innovative solution that overcomes the limitations of conventional sim racing simulators by using real vehicles for a highly authentic and immersive driving simulation. According to a first aspect, the invention provides a system for performing driving simulations with a real vehicle. The system comprises a vehicle with at least one drive system, a steering system, and a braking system, wherein the vehicle remains in a resting state and in a simulation mode during the simulation; controls for the vehicle, comprising at least an accelerator pedal, a steering wheel, and a brake pedal; a driver's seat; turntables for the front wheels of the vehicle, which serve as a feedback system and simulate the rotational movement of the wheels to generate a more realistic steering feel; and a main electronic control unit connected to the controls, control units, and sensors of the vehicle to acquire and process driver inputs and provide them in the form of control signals.a simulation module comprising simulation software and an input interface for control signals, wherein the simulation module is configured to communicate at least with the main control unit and to process in real time the control signals of the drive system, steering system and braking system provided at least by the main control unit, which are generated by actuating the respective controls, in order to create virtual driving environments with visual and acoustic driving dynamics; a display unit for displaying the virtual visual driving environment; and an audio system for playing back virtual ambient sounds and driving sounds. In a further training course, the system is configured in such a way that it can be operated in a normal garage, workshop or a specially equipped simulation room, using the vehicle's controls as a vehicle workstation for carrying out a driving simulation. In an advantageous embodiment, the steering system includes an electric power steering (EPS) system that electronically assists the steering, and the braking system includes an electric brake booster (eBKV) that reduces the force required to apply to the brake pedal and provides a more consistent braking feel. Advantageously, the steering system is designed as a steer-by-wire system, which replaces the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the front wheels with an electronic control system, whereby the steer-by-wire system interprets the driver's steering commands electronically and transmits them to the steering mechanisms. In particular, it is intended that a battery electric vehicle (BEV) will be used, which uses energy from its own battery during the simulation to operate the simulation software and the various electronic systems of the vehicle; or that an internal combustion engine vehicle will be used, which uses external energy during the simulation to operate the simulation software and the various electronic systems of the vehicle. In a further development, it is envisaged that the braking system is designed as a brake-by-wire system, which replaces the mechanical connection between the brake pedal and the brakes with an electronic control system, whereby the brake-by-wire system electronically interprets the driver's braking commands and transmits them to the brakes in order to precisely control the braking force. In particular, the braking system is designed to include an anti-lock braking system (ABS) that automatically modulates the braking force at the wheels to prevent the vehicle's wheels from locking up, with the ABS system being linked to the simulation software to adapt and control the braking dynamics in real time according to the driving environment and conditions. In another embodiment, the vehicle is provided to include an active ride system that actively controls the vehicle's suspension and damping to optimize ride comfort and driving dynamics, with the active ride system being connected to the simulation software to dynamically adapt and control vehicle movements based on the virtual driving environment and driver inputs. Advantageously, the display unit includes at least one 3D screen to represent the virtual driving environment in three-dimensional form during the simulation. In particular, it is planned that at least part of a cloud computing infrastructure will be used to support the calculation and processing of the simulation data, especially for high-resolution 3D representations of the virtual driving environments, in order to scale the computing power and optimize the simulation speed for a realistic and immersive representation of the driving simulation. According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for conducting driving simulations with a real vehicle. The vehicle is positioned in a resting state in a garage, a workshop, or a specially equipped simulation room and switched to a simulation mode, wherein turntables are provided for the front wheels of the vehicle, which serve as a feedback system and simulate the rotational movement of the wheels to generate a more realistic steering feel.The method comprises the following steps: - Capturing input from a driver via vehicle controls, including an accelerator pedal, a steering wheel, and a brake pedal, for a drive system, a steering system, and a braking system; - Processing the driver's input as control signals by at least one electronic control unit; - Transmitting the control signals to an input interface of a simulation module; - Generating virtual driving environments by simulation software; - Displaying the virtual visual driving environment by a display unit and reproducing virtual ambient and driving sounds by an audio system. Further training includes the use of an electric power steering system (EPS) for electronic steering assistance and an electric brake booster (eBKV) to reduce the braking force required and improve braking feel. In an advantageous embodiment, the steering system is designed as a steer-by-wire system, which replaces the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the front wheels with an electronic control system, wherein the steer-by-wire system interprets the driver's steering commands electronically and transmits them to the steering mechanisms. According to a third aspect, the invention provides a computer program product comprising an executable program code configured to perform the method according to the first aspect when executed. The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Figure 1 shows a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a system according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a flowchart illustrating the individual process steps of a method according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a computer program product according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the invention. Additional features, aspects and advantages of the invention or its embodiments become apparent from the detailed description in conjunction with the claims. Fig. 1 shows a system 100 according to the invention for performing driving simulations with a real vehicle, in particular for simulating car races (sim racing). The system 100 comprises a vehicle 10 or a chassis with controls and electronic control units (ECUs) for steering, acceleration, and braking, a display unit 200, a simulation module 300, and at least one communication module 400. The present invention can relate either to a complete vehicle 10 or only to a chassis and essential parts such as wheels, steering, and pedals. The electronic control units (ECUs), the display unit 200, the simulation module 300 and the communication module 400 can each be equipped with a processor and / or a memory unit. A module or unit is defined as a self-contained, specialized set of software and / or hardware components. A module or unit is designed to perform a specific function or task and functions as an independent and self-contained entity. A module or unit accepts specific inputs, performs internal processing, and then delivers specific outputs or results. A module or unit can communicate with other modules or units via defined interfaces. These interfaces define how data or commands are input into the module or unit and how results or information are output. In connection with the invention, a processor can be, for example, a machine or an electronic circuit. In particular, a processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, or a microcontroller, such as an application-specific integrated circuit or a digital signal processor, optionally in combination with a memory unit for storing program instructions. A processor can also be a virtualized processor, a virtual machine, or a soft CPU. It can also be, for example, a programmable processor equipped with configuration steps for executing the method according to the invention, or configured with configuration steps such that the programmable processor implements the features of the method, the modules, or other aspects and / or partial aspects of the invention.In particular, the processor can contain highly parallel computing units and powerful graphics modules. In the context of the invention, a "storage unit" or "storage module" and the like can refer, for example, to volatile memory in the form of random access memory (RAM), permanent storage such as a hard drive or data carrier, or, for example, a replaceable storage module. The storage module can also be a cloud storage solution. The term "database" refers to both a storage algorithm and the hardware in the form of a storage unit. Vehicle 10 is specifically designed as a sports car. These are high-performance, sporty vehicles that can be used both on the road and on the racetrack. They are characterized by high engine output and a sporty chassis and are often equipped with racing components. However, other vehicle variants such as coupes, sedans, and roadsters can also be used. Professional racing cars can also be used within the scope of the present invention. Vehicle 10 comprises a body 12 and a vehicle interior 14 with a driver's seat 20. The body 12 is the outer structure of vehicle 10, which at least partially encloses the vehicle interior 14 containing the driver's seat 20. The vehicle interior 14 is the interior space of vehicle 10, where the driver (i.e., the simulation user) sits and operates the controls. The driver's seat 20 is an ergonomically designed seat that ensures comfort and stability during the simulation. The vehicle 10 can be equipped with any suitable propulsion system, such as an internal combustion engine, one or more electric motors (electric vehicle), one or more fuel cells or a hybrid propulsion system (hybrid vehicle) which is a combination of an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors. The energy supply for the simulation is provided by the respective vehicle itself. A battery electric vehicle (BEV) draws the energy required for the simulation from its own on-board battery, while a combustion engine vehicle uses an external energy source or an external power grid to perform a driving simulation with vehicle 10. The vehicle 10 comprises a drive system 30 with an accelerator pedal 32. The deflection of the accelerator pedal 32, also referred to as the gas pedal, controls the acceleration and speed of the vehicle 10. The actuation of the accelerator pedal 32 determines how quickly the vehicle 10 accelerates and at what speed it travels according to the driver's inputs. The accelerator pedal 32 is therefore an essential control element in the drive system 30 of a vehicle 10. When the driver depresses the accelerator pedal 32, the pedal 32 moves downwards. This mechanical movement is detected by an accelerator pedal sensor 35. Various types of sensors can be used for the accelerator pedal sensor 35 to measure the position of the accelerator pedal 32. A potentiometer measures the position of the accelerator pedal 32 as a variable resistance and outputs an analog signal. Hall effect sensors measure the position of the accelerator pedal 32 based on changes in a magnetic field and output a digital signal. The signals from the accelerator pedal sensor 35 are sent to the electronic control unit (ECU) 40 of the vehicle 10. The ECU 40 interprets these signals and calculates the corresponding engine power. In a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, the accelerator pedal 32 controls the opening of the throttle valve, which, acting as a valve, regulates the air supply to the engine. A larger opening results in more intense combustion and thus higher engine power. Simultaneously, the fuel supply is adjusted to ensure the required air-fuel ratio for combustion. In modern engines, the ECU 40 controls both the throttle valve and the direct injection system to enable efficient and precise power adjustment. In a battery electric vehicle (BEV), the power delivered from the battery to the electric motor is influenced by the accelerator pedal 32. The electronic control unit (ECU) 40 sends signals to a power controller, which adjusts the voltage and current of the electric motor, whereupon the electric motor adjusts its speed and torque accordingly. In many electric vehicles, regenerative braking is automatically activated when the accelerator pedal 32 is released, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy and feeding it back into the battery. Furthermore, the vehicle 10 includes a steering system 50 with a steering wheel 52 and an electric power steering (EPS) system 55, which provides electronic steering assistance. With the aid of the EPS system 55, realistic steering commands and feedback can be generated during driving simulation by simulating the forces acting on the steering wheel 52. Specifically, the front wheels of the vehicle 10 are mounted on specially installed turntables, allowing for realistic rotation of the front wheels to simulate steering movements. The electric power steering (EPS) system 55 comprises an electric servo motor that assists the steering movement by providing additional force. The EPS system 55 also has its own EPS control unit, which processes signals from a steering sensor and controls the servo motor. The steering sensors measure the position, rotational speed, and torque of the steering wheel 52 and transmit this data to the EPS control unit. The EPS control unit processes the incoming signals to calculate the required level of assistance, taking into account the vehicle speed and driving situation to ensure appropriate support. The EPS control unit then sends the calculated signals to the electric servo motor, which provides the necessary assistance force. This force is transmitted to the steering column via a gearbox, thus assisting the driver's steering movements. Additionally, the EPS system 55 simulates the forces acting on the steering wheel 52 to give the driver realistic feedback and a feel for the steering behavior of the vehicle 10. The EPS control unit communicates with other control units in the vehicle, particularly the main control unit (ECU) 40, to obtain information such as vehicle speed, engine speed, and other relevant data. This data is used to dynamically adjust the power steering assistance and ensure optimal vehicle control. The EPS control unit and the main control unit (ECU) 40 thus work together to adapt the power steering assistance to the current driving conditions. For example, at higher speeds, the power steering assistance is reduced to allow for more precise steering, while at lower speeds, more assistance is provided to make steering easier. In particular, the Steering System 50 can be equipped with a steer-by-wire system. Steer-by-wire is an advanced technology in vehicle control where mechanical steering is replaced by electronic systems, thus reflecting the trend toward electrification and digitalization in the automotive sector. Instead of a direct mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the wheels, the steer-by-wire system uses sensors, actuators, and electronic controls. Sensors detect the driver's steering movements at the steering wheel. Actuators transmit the steering commands electronically to the wheels. A steer-by-wire control unit processes the driver's inputs and adjusts the steering accordingly. Since no mechanical steering column is required, the vehicle weight can be reduced. Furthermore, a steer-by-wire system enables various steering modes and adjustments to the driving situation.In particular, a steer-by-wire system simplifies the integration of driver assistance systems such as lane keeping assist and automated driving functions into the vehicle's steering system. Furthermore, steer-by-wire steering offers new design possibilities for the vehicle interior. For drivers who prefer the direct mechanical feedback of a conventional steering system, the invention, as already described, provides for turntables for the front wheels of the vehicle. Furthermore, the vehicle 10 includes a braking system 70 for slowing down or stopping the vehicle 10, which is crucial for the safety and control of the vehicle 10. The braking system 70 includes a brake pedal 72, which is operated by the driver to apply the brakes. When the brake pedal 72 is operated, the master brake cylinder generates hydraulic pressure using brake fluid. The brake fluid is transported from the master brake cylinder to the wheel brakes via the brake lines. The wheel brakes can be designed as disc brakes or drum brakes. Disc brakes consist of a brake disc and a brake caliper with brake linings. Drum brakes consist of a brake drum and brake shoes. The driver depresses the brake pedal 72, which establishes a mechanical connection to the master brake cylinder. Depressing the brake pedal 72 pressurizes the brake fluid in the master brake cylinder. This pressure is then transmitted via the brake lines to the wheel brakes. In a disc brake system, the hydraulic pressure presses the brake pads in the caliper against the brake disc. The friction between the brake pads and the brake disc slows the wheel and thus the vehicle. In a drum brake system, the hydraulic pressure presses the brake shoes against the inside of the brake drum. The friction between the brake shoes and the brake drum slows the wheel and thus the vehicle. As soon as the driver releases the brake pedal, the master cylinder releases the hydraulic pressure. Springs in the brake calipers and / or brake shoes ensure that the brake pads and shoes are retracted from the brake disc and / or brake drum. The brake system 70 is now ready for the next braking action. A modern braking system 70 also includes an electric brake booster (eBKV) 75 and an anti-lock braking system (ABS) 77, which work together to ensure optimal braking performance and control. The electric brake booster (eBKV) 75 replaces the conventional brake booster, which is driven by vacuum in the engine, with an electric system. This improves braking performance and response time. When the brake pedal 72 is pressed, a sensor sends a signal to the electronic control unit (ECU) 40, which activates the eBKV system 75. The eBKV system 75 uses an electric motor to generate additional force and increase the pressure in the brake system 70. This results in more efficient and powerful braking with less pedal force. The anti-lock braking system (ABS) 77 uses wheel speed sensors to monitor the rotational speed of each wheel. If a sensor detects that a wheel is locked (i.e., it no longer rotates even though the vehicle is in motion), it signals this to the ABS control unit. The ABS control unit then regulates the brake pressure at the locked wheel by rapidly opening and closing valves in the brake system 70 to reduce the brake pressure at the locked wheel and increase it again as soon as the wheel is no longer locked. This rapid alternation between pressure build-up and pressure release prevents wheel lock-up while maintaining maximum braking force. The electronic main control unit (ECU) 40 coordinates the functions of the eBKV system 75 and the ABS system 75. The ECU 40 receives and processes signals from various sensors of the brake system 70 and adjusts the braking force and ABS activity in real time. The eBKV system 75 enables a faster response to braking commands, while the ABS system 75 ensures that the vehicle 10 remains stable and steerable under extreme braking conditions. The combination of the eBKV system 75 with the ABS system 77 significantly improves braking performance and vehicle control. The eBKV system 75 provides rapid and powerful brake force assistance, while the ABS system 77 prevents wheel lock-up and maintains driving stability. In the driving simulation, the eBKV system 75 and the ABS system 77 can generate a realistic braking feel and ABS simulation. The eBKV system 75 creates a braking feel similar to that experienced by the driver in a real vehicle. Similarly, the ABS system 77 simulates wheel lock-up in the driving simulation, resulting in improved vehicle control in real-world driving situations. In a further development, the brake system 70 can also be equipped with a brake-by-wire system. Brake-by-wire is an electronic brake control technology in which the conventional mechanical connection between the brake pedal 72 and the brake is replaced by electronic signals. The brake pedal 72 is equipped with sensors that measure the force applied by the driver and the desired deceleration. This information is transmitted to a brake-by-wire control unit. Based on the signals received by the brake-by-wire control unit, hydraulic actuators or electric motors actuate the brakes at each wheel. It is also possible to replace the hydraulics entirely with electric components. Brake-by-wire is particularly suitable for integrating driver assistance systems such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS), electronic stability control (ESC), and regenerative braking in electric and hybrid vehicles into the vehicle's brake system 70. By eliminating mechanical and hydraulic connections, the overall weight of the vehicle can be reduced. Furthermore, electronic signals can be processed faster and more precisely than mechanical or hydraulic transmissions, resulting in improved braking performance. Brake-by-wire also allows for finer control of the brake force distribution between the wheels, which can increase driving stability and safety. In electric vehicles, brake-by-wire can optimize regenerative braking to utilize battery charge more efficiently. Particularly in motorsports, such as Formula E, brake-by-wire offers significant advantages, as drivers can modulate the brakes with great precision, which is crucial in competition. Furthermore, the use of an Active Ride (ADR) system 80 in vehicle 10 can be provided. Active Ride is an advancement of conventional passive suspension systems and is used in both motorsport and road vehicles to improve vehicle dynamics and ride quality through active suspension control. Active Ride incorporates active suspension and damping to enhance handling and comfort. Instead of conventional passive suspension systems, active elements such as hydraulic or electromechanical actuators are used to control the vehicle's suspension and damping characteristics in real time. Sensors continuously monitor various parameters such as vehicle speed, acceleration, steering angle, body movements, and road surface conditions. An electronic ADR control unit evaluates this data and adjusts the actuators accordingly.Depending on the driving situation and driving style, the Active Ride System 80 can actively adjust the suspension stiffness, damping forces, and vehicle height. This improves driving stability, road grip, and passenger comfort. The active adjustment of the chassis parameters enables optimized vehicle control and driving stability, while the improved damping results in a more pleasant driving experience. In Formula 1 and other racing series, Active Ride is used to maximize the performance of race cars and to react quickly to different track conditions. In premium and high-tech automobiles, Active Ride is used to ensure a high level of driving comfort combined with excellent driving stability. The Display Unit 200, used for the visual representation of the simulation, can be installed, for example, in a garage or a dedicated simulation room. The Display Unit 200 is specifically designed as a single or multi-panel screen with at least one high-resolution monitor, enabling a large-scale display of a virtual racetrack. The monitor can utilize various technologies to ensure optimal image quality and an immersive experience: - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology provides good image quality and adequate color reproduction. LCD monitors are a cost-effective and widely used technology. - LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) are a further development of LCD technology, in which LEDs are used as backlighting. Compared to LCD monitors, LED monitors offer higher energy efficiency and better contrast ratios.OLEDs (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) enable excellent color reproduction and deeper blacks because each pixel acts as its own light source. OLED monitors are characterized by fast response times and are therefore particularly suitable for displaying highly dynamic content. Furthermore, the monitors can have a curved surface. Curved monitors offer a more immersive experience by better covering the driver's peripheral vision. Furthermore, monitors can have different resolutions. Monitors with very high resolutions, such as 4K or 8K, deliver particularly detailed images. 4K (Ultra HD) and 8K monitors are characterized by excellent image sharpness and clarity, which is crucial, especially for displaying simulations. HDR (High Dynamic Range) is a technology that offers higher contrast and a wider color gamut, resulting in more vibrant and realistic images. HDR monitors are capable of displaying both bright and dark image areas with a high level of detail. The aforementioned technologies contribute to the Display Unit 200 providing a realistic and immersive representation of a virtual race track, significantly improving the simulation experience. Furthermore, it may be provided that the display unit is designed as a 3D screen. The display unit 200 can also use a projection system to project the driving simulation onto a large screen or even directly onto the windshield of the vehicle 10. In training courses, screens with 3D capabilities or holograms can be used to display the simulated racetrack and its surroundings in 3D, providing an intense, immersive experience. Virtual Reality (VR) headsets, in particular, can be used for the 3D display. 3D screens and holograms enable realistic depth perception. Displaying vehicles, tracks, and environments in 3D or as holograms can intensify the visual experience and enhance the illusion that the driver is actually on the track. Furthermore, using a 3D screen or hologram allows for more accurate estimation of distances and speeds, leading to faster reaction times and thus more realistic driving behavior. In addition, the use of 3D and hologram technologies enables a more detailed analysis of driving maneuvers and track layouts, making training more effective. 3D and hologram technologies require special hardware and software adaptations for displaying the simulation. These technologies are therefore primarily used in professional environments, but can also be used by private individuals and are an important aspect of the present invention. Various technologies can be used for 3D displays. Stereoscopic displays use two slightly different images that are sent to each eye simultaneously. Special glasses are required to see these 3D images. Polarizing glasses, for example, use polarized light to separate the images for each eye. Autostereoscopic displays allow the viewing of 3D images without special glasses. This can be achieved, for example, by a layer of tiny lenses in front of the display that refract the light in such a way that each eye perceives a slightly different image, thus creating the 3D effect. Multiview displays project multiple views of the image simultaneously, captured from different angles. The viewer's eyes thus see different images, which the brain combines to create a 3D image. In this way, 3D images can be viewed from various perspectives. Holographic projectors are highly advanced devices that project three-dimensional images into a room without the need for special glasses. For example, laser-based projectors use lasers to project an image into the room that can be viewed from any angle. This technology offers high brightness and color accuracy. Virtual Reality (VR) headsets enable an immersive 3D experience and can therefore be used for sim racing. However, many people find using VR headsets tiring, while 3D screens are considered more comfortable. 3D screens don't require heavy glasses that can become uncomfortable over extended periods. The freedom of head movement allows for more natural and unrestricted movement, as the driver isn't limited by a headset. Furthermore, 3D screens are characterized by less eye strain, as less focus is required compared to VR headsets. The viewing experience is more natural and results in less visual fatigue, since the field of view remains stable and doesn't move directly in front of the driver's eyes. A significant limitation of 3D displays compared to VR headsets is their limited immersion. To improve this, three 3D monitors, large-format 3D monitors, or large projection surfaces can be used, offering a wide field of view and enhancing immersion in the simulation without the drawbacks of VR headsets. Furthermore, the track can be displayed from different angles to enable a more intense, immersive driving experience. Large displays are particularly well-suited for groups of people who can follow the driving experience simultaneously. Combined with a real vehicle, 3D displays can thus provide a highly realistic and satisfying sim racing experience. Additionally, an Audio System 250 is provided for playing back ambient and driving sounds during the simulation. The Audio System 250 ensures that the driver receives not only visual but also acoustic feedback, allowing them to fully immerse themselves in the virtual environment. The Audio System 250 consists of several speakers arranged throughout the vehicle interior to create a spatial soundscape. These include tweeters, midrange speakers, and woofers that cover a wide frequency range. However, speakers already present in the vehicle can also be used. It is important that the speakers are positioned at the front and rear of the vehicle to achieve even sound distribution and a realistic audio experience. The Simulation Module 300 includes the Simulation Software 320, which simulates realistic racing conditions, vehicle behavior, and the track environment. Simulation Software 320 is based on advanced physics and graphics engines, two essential components in the development of computer games and simulations, including sim racing. They are used to calculate and render the physical and visual aspects of a virtual world. The Unreal Engine, for example, is a very popular engine known for its powerful graphics and physics simulations. In sim racing, the physics and graphics engines are combined to create a realistic driving experience. The physics engine calculates the handling of the cars, their reactions to different road surfaces, and collisions.The graphics engine ensures that cars, tracks, and environments look realistic and are rendered smoothly. This combination provides the driver with an immersive and authentic racing experience. Digital versions of various racetracks, for example, are stored in a database. To run the simulation software 320, the simulation module 300 comprises a high-performance computing unit and / or a cloud-based solution. Furthermore, the simulation module 300 includes an input interface 350 that acquires control signals 355 in the form of acceleration, steering, and braking signals from the drive system 30, the steering system 50, and the braking system 70, as well as, if applicable, other vehicle systems such as an ADR control unit. The input interface 350 includes a data processing unit that processes the control signals 355 in real time and generates corresponding outputs that are forwarded to the simulation software 320. The simulation software 320 interprets the processed control signals 355 and then simulates the driving behavior of the vehicle 10 in the virtual environment. The simulation software 320 calculates how the vehicle 10 moves in response to the control signals 355 (steering, acceleration, braking) generated by the driver using the controls (steering wheel 52, accelerator pedal 32, brake pedal 72). Physical laws such as inertia, friction, lift, and rolling resistance are taken into account. The simulation software 320 also detects potential collisions with other vehicles or track boundaries and calculates the corresponding reaction of the vehicle 10. In addition to simulating the road surface of a specific racetrack, the simulation software 320 can also consider weather conditions such as rain or snow. These simulation results, generated by the simulation software 320 with virtual driving environments, are then transmitted in real time to the display unit 200, which consists of one or more high-resolution screens. The display unit 200 visually represents the virtual racetrack and the vehicle 10. The racetrack selected by the driver is displayed with all details such as curves, inclines, declines, and environmental objects like trees, buildings, and spectators. The vehicle's movement, i.e., its position and orientation on the track, is constantly updated based on the simulation results. Through the real-time processing of the control signals 355, a realistic simulation is displayed on the screen, and the driver receives immediate feedback on their actions. In addition to visual image processing algorithms, the 320 simulation software includes audio processing algorithms that generate and adjust sounds and noises in real time. These are output via the 250 audio system to create a realistic acoustic environment. The 320 simulation software generates sounds such as engine revs, tire squeal, brake noise, and other vehicle-specific sounds. These sounds vary depending on the driving situation and the driver's actions. The 320 simulation software also generates ambient sounds such as wind, rain, traffic noise, and other elements that contribute to immersion. Based on real-time data from controls and sensors, the 320 simulation software dynamically adjusts the sounds. For example, the engine noise changes depending on the accelerator pedal position and vehicle speed. The realistic sound reproduction gives the driver the feeling of being in a real driving situation. This acoustic feedback can help the driver drive more safely by providing important information and warnings. A high-quality 250 audio system enhances the overall experience and comfort during the simulation, thus increasing both its training and entertainment value. The at least one communication module 400 serves for data transmission between the modules and units, and optionally between the vehicle 10 and a cloud computing infrastructure 500. The connections can be either wired or wireless, for example, as a cellular connection (4G LTE, 5G, 6G) or as a near-field communication connection such as Bluetooth®, Ethernet, NFC (Near Field Communication), or Wi-Fi®. The communication connections utilize protocols such as CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), or FlexRay. In many modern vehicles, the CAN bus is used for communication between the various electronic control units (ECUs). The CAN bus enables the exchange of data and commands between different systems, such as the powertrain system (30), the steering system (50), the braking system (70), the ABS system (77), and other components like the transmission. The simulation software (320) must be integrated into this data bus to read data from the CAN bus and send its own data to the CAN bus, enabling realistic simulations. Besides the CAN bus, other protocols such as LIN, FlexRay, or Ethernet can also be used in the vehicle (10). The simulation software (320) is designed to understand and utilize these various protocols to enable comprehensive and accurate simulations.To support the various communication protocols, it may be necessary to use special drivers or software libraries that implement the protocols in the simulation software 320. These drivers and libraries enable the simulation software 320 to access the data buses and communicate with the main control unit (ECU) 40 and the control units of the drive system 30, the steering system 40, and the braking system 70, as well as optionally with other control units such as the ADR control unit. This integration is a crucial aspect of the present invention so that the simulation software 320 can perform accurate and complete simulations. In particular, the invention may provide for the use of a cloud computing infrastructure 500, at least partially, for performing the computational operations in the simulation module 300 via a 5G mobile connection (or 6G mobile connection). The cloud computing infrastructure 500 offers virtually unlimited computing power that can be used for complex signal processing and simulations. The cloud enables flexible scaling of computing resources as needed, which is particularly advantageous when simulating computationally intensive scenarios. Data can be transmitted in real time between the vehicle 10 and the cloud via 5G or 6G to enable seamless integration with the simulation software 320. The cloud also enables the centralized management and processing of the data, which facilitates synchronization and analysis, as, for example, trainers can access the simulation environment from anywhere.Software updates and maintenance can also be performed centrally. Furthermore, comprehensive security measures, including encryption technology, are in place to protect sensitive vehicle data from unauthorized access during transmission over the mobile network and storage in the cloud. To account for latency in real-time processing, a hybrid approach is particularly promising. A combination of local signal processing and cloud computing can reduce latency by performing some signal processing near the vehicle before sending the data to the cloud for further processing. A hybrid system could combine the advantages of both approaches by processing critical real-time signals locally and performing less time-critical tasks in the cloud. Furthermore, dedicated 5G connections could be used for simulation to increase the reliability of the mobile network. Additionally, the processing of simulation data in the cloud could be prioritized.A hybrid solution that utilizes both local and cloud-based processing can therefore offer a good balance between the advantages of the cloud and the requirements for real-time processing and data security. The system 100 according to the invention is designed such that an ordinary garage can be used for conducting driving simulations. During the driving simulation, the vehicle 10 is in a resting state and is, in particular, housed in a garage, a workshop, or a specially equipped simulation room. According to the invention, the operating elements, such as the accelerator pedal 32, the steering wheel 52, the brake pedal 72, and the driver's seat 20, are used as a vehicle workstation for conducting a driving simulation, especially in a garage. The area of ​​the vehicle 10 used for the simulation is referred to as the vehicle workstation. To conduct a realistic driving simulation, communication between the vehicle 10, the display unit 200, and the simulation module 300 must occur in real time. According to the invention, the signals from the simulation track are coupled with the steering, acceleration, and braking signals of the stationary vehicle 10. The signals from the simulation track represent the states and events on a virtual racetrack. The steering, driving, and braking signals are generated by the driver's operation of the controls (steering wheel 52, accelerator pedal 32, brake pedal 72). The signals from the simulation track thus interact in real time with the driver's actions and the simulation data. The virtual driving environments generated by the simulation module 300 are displayed on the display unit 200. Since the drive system 30, the steering system 50 and the braking system 70 have electronic control systems and sensors such as the accelerator pedal sensor 35, the EPS system 55 (electric power steering) with an EPS control unit, the eBKV system 75 (electronic brake booster) with an eBKV control unit and the ABS system 77 with an ABS control unit, digital input signals 355 can be generated by actuating the controls (accelerator pedal 32, steering wheel 52 and brake pedal 72), which are supplied to the simulation module 300 to generate a simulated driving experience. In order for the input data 355 generated by the electronic control units (ECUs) to be used by the simulation software 320, it must be ensured that the vehicle's electronic control units function correctly in simulation mode. Since, according to the invention, the accelerator pedal 35, the EPS system 55, and the eBKV system 75 are used to generate the input signals 355, the firmware of the respective control units must be adapted to differentiate between operating mode and simulation mode. This can be achieved through special software updates or modifications. A special switch or software function must be implemented to switch the vehicle 10 into simulation mode. This can be done via a special key combination or a menu item in the driver interface in the vehicle or on the driver's mobile phone. The 320 simulation software is adapted to receive and process the 355 input signals from the control units. This is made possible by the appropriately configured 350 input interface of the 350 simulation module. As previously explained, the 355 input signals must be processed by the 350 simulation software in real time to achieve a smooth and realistic driving experience. This requires fast and reliable data transmission to the 300 simulation module. According to the invention, the EPS system 55 is programmed to provide realistic feedback based on the simulation results generated by the simulation module 300. For this purpose, the simulation software 320 must send data to the EPS system 35 simulating steering resistance and other forces. The invention also provides that the eBKV system 75 simulates realistic braking forces depending on the simulation results. This can, in particular, include ABS simulation and variable braking resistance. Furthermore, according to the invention, safety mechanisms are to be provided that clearly separate the simulation mode from the regular operating mode in order to prevent malfunctions or unintentional switching. In particular, mechanisms are to be provided that ensure that the vehicle can be safely switched off in the event of a fault in the simulation mode. For the interaction and communication between the vehicle 10 and the simulation module 300, a data exchange software application 45 is provided, which is installed at least on the main control unit (ECU) 40. Furthermore, a special interface is provided that connects the simulation module 300 or the simulation software 350 to the CAN bus and, if applicable, other bus systems of the vehicle 10. Wireless or wired connections are provided for data exchange between the CAN bus and the simulation module 300. Additionally, a menu item is provided in the vehicle display or another operating device via which the simulation mode can be activated. Extensive tests are carried out to commission the system 100 according to the invention in order to ensure that the control signals 355 are correctly interpreted and implemented. In addition, calibration of the feedback systems (EPS system 55 and eBKV system 75) is required to guarantee a realistic driving experience. The present system 100 enables the use of a real vehicle 10 as a sim racing simulator and encompasses both the software and hardware components. By developing a special simulation mode and adapting the electronic control systems to this mode, a realistic and safe driving simulation can be achieved. In a further development of the invention, additional feedback systems can be integrated into the vehicle 10 by installing appropriate actuators and sensors. These feedback systems can generate realistic forces and vibrations at the steering wheel 52 and the pedals 32, 72 to simulate the feeling of real driving conditions. The sensory experience can be further enhanced by using additional devices that transmit vibrations and forces to the driver. Fig. 2 shows the process steps of a method for carrying out driving simulations with a real vehicle 10, wherein the vehicle 10 is in a simulation mode. In step S10, the inputs of a driver via controls of the vehicle 10, including an accelerator pedal 32, a steering wheel 52 and a brake pedal 72, are recorded for a drive system 30, a steering system 50 and a braking system. In step S20, the driver's inputs are processed as control signals 355 by at least one electronic control unit ECU 40. In step S30, the control signals 355 are passed on to an input interface 350 of a simulation module 300. In step S40, virtual driving environments are created using simulation software 320. In step S50, the virtual visual driving environment is displayed by a display unit 200 and virtual ambient and driving sounds are reproduced by an audio system 250. Fig. 3 schematically represents a computer program product 900 comprising an executable program code 950 configured to perform the method according to the second aspect of the present invention. The system according to the invention uses real vehicle components and electronic systems to provide the most authentic driving simulation possible. This includes coupling the real vehicle signals with the virtual simulation data, utilizing the vehicle's onboard power (in the case of BEVs) or an external power supply (in the case of combustion engines), and providing realistic feedback via EPS and eBKV. The simulation is displayed, in particular, on a screen, and a projection onto the windshield is also possible. The system according to the invention offers a comprehensive and realistic sim racing experience for amateur and professional racing drivers. It provides a safe and controlled environment for training and entertainment. By using a real vehicle or chassis, an unparalleled level of authenticity is achieved in the driving simulation, which conventional simulators cannot offer. The steering, pedals, seat, and other controls are identical to those of a real vehicle, thus conveying a genuine driving feel. The invention makes it possible to use a conventional garage space for simulation training, reducing the need for dedicated simulation rooms and increasing accessibility. Professional racing drivers and amateurs can train under near-real-world conditions and thus improve their skills even more effectively. The ability to use different vehicle types (BEVs and combustion engine vehicles) expands the application possibilities of the simulation. By utilizing existing vehicles and existing spatial infrastructure, particularly garages, costs can be reduced and access to improved simulation environments simplified. The invention thus represents an innovative solution that overcomes the limitations of conventional sim racing simulators by using real vehicles for a highly authentic and immersive driving simulation.

Claims

System (100) for performing driving simulations with a real vehicle, comprising: a vehicle (10) with at least one drive system (30), a steering system (50) and a braking system (70), wherein the vehicle (10) remains in a resting state and in a simulation mode during the simulation; controls for the vehicle (10), comprising at least one accelerator pedal (32), a steering wheel (52) and a brake pedal (72); a driver's seat (20); turntables for the front wheels of the vehicle (10) which serve as a feedback system and simulate the rotational movement of the wheels to create a more realistic steering feel; a main electronic control unit (ECU) (40) which is connected to the controls, control units and sensors of the vehicle (10) to acquire and process inputs from a driver and to provide them in the form of control signals (355);a simulation module (300) with simulation software (320) and an input interface (350) for the control signals (355), wherein the simulation module (300) is configured to communicate at least with the main control unit (40) and to process in real time the control signals (355) of the drive system (30), the steering system (50) and the braking system (70) provided at least by the main control unit (40), which are generated by actuating the respective controls, in order to create virtual driving environments with visual and acoustic driving dynamics; a display unit (200) for displaying the virtual visual driving environment; and an audio system (250) for playing back virtual ambient sounds and driving sounds. System (100) according to claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured such that it can be operated in a normal garage, workshop or a specially equipped simulation room, and wherein the vehicle's (10) controls are used as a vehicle workstation for performing a driving simulation. System (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steering system (50) comprises an electric power steering (EPS, Electric Power Steering) (55) which electronically assists the steering, and wherein the braking system (70) comprises an electric brake booster (eBKV) (77) which reduces the force to be exerted on the brake pedal (72) and provides a more even braking feel. System (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steering system (50) is designed as a steer-by-wire system which replaces the mechanical connection between the steering wheel (52) and the front wheels by an electronic control, wherein the steer-by-wire system interprets the steering commands of the driver electronically and transmits them to the steering mechanisms. System (100) System according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a battery electric vehicle (BEV) is used which uses energy from its own battery during the simulation to operate the simulation software (320) and the various electronic systems of the vehicle (10); or wherein an internal combustion engine vehicle is used which uses external energy during the simulation to operate the simulation software (320) and the various electronic systems of the vehicle (10). System (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the braking system (70) is designed as a brake-by-wire system which replaces the mechanical connection between the brake pedal (72) and the brakes by an electronic control, wherein the brake-by-wire system interprets the driver's braking commands electronically and transmits them to the brakes in order to precisely control the braking force. System (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the braking system (70) comprises an anti-lock braking system (ABS) (77) which automatically modulates the braking force at the wheels to prevent the wheels of the vehicle from locking; and wherein the ABS system (77) is connected to the simulation software (320) to adapt and control the braking dynamics in real time according to the driving environment and driving conditions. System (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the vehicle (10) comprises an active ride system (80) that actively controls the suspension and damping of the vehicle (10) to optimize ride comfort and driving dynamics, wherein the active ride system (80) is connected to the simulation software (320) to dynamically adapt and control the vehicle movements based on the virtual driving environment and driver inputs. System (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the display unit (200) comprises at least one 3D screen to display the virtual driving environment in three-dimensional form during the simulation. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least partially a cloud computing infrastructure (500) is used to support the calculation and processing of the simulation data, in particular for high-resolution 3D representations of the virtual driving environments, in order to scale the computing power and optimize the simulation speed for a realistic and immersive representation of the driving simulation. Method for performing driving simulations with a real vehicle (10), wherein the vehicle (10) is positioned in a resting state in a garage, a workshop, or a specially equipped simulation room and is switched to a simulation mode, wherein turntables are provided for the front wheels of the vehicle (10) which serve as a feedback system and simulate the rotational movement of the wheels to generate a more realistic steering feel, comprising the method steps of: - capturing (S10) inputs from a driver via controls of the vehicle (10), including an accelerator pedal (32), a steering wheel (52), and a brake pedal (72), for a drive system (30), a steering system (50), and a braking system; - processing (S20) the driver inputs as control signals (355) by at least one electronic control unit (ECU) (40); - transmitting (S30) the control signals (355) to an input interface (350) of a simulation module (300);- Generating (S40) virtual driving environments using simulation software (320); - Displaying (S50) the virtual visual driving environment using a display unit (200) and reproducing virtual ambient and driving sounds using an audio system (250).; Method according to claim 11, wherein an electric power steering system (EPS) (55) is used for electronic assistance of the steering and an electric brake booster (eBKV) (77) is used to reduce the braking force to be applied and to improve the braking feel. Method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the steering system (50) is designed as a steer-by-wire system which replaces the mechanical connection between the steering wheel (52) and the front wheels by an electronic control, wherein the steer-by-wire system interprets the steering commands of the driver electronically and transmits them to the steering mechanisms. Computer program product (900) comprising an executable program code (950) configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 13 when executed.

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