Cutting insert, cutting tool and method for producing a machine-made product

Abstract

A cutting insert (1) comprising: a first area (3), a second surface (5) which is arranged on one of the sides opposite the first surface (3), a third surface (7) which is arranged between the first and second surfaces (3, 5), a cutting edge (9) which is located at an intersection of the first surface (3) and the third surface (5), a central axis (O1) passing through a center point of the first surface (3) and a center point of the second surface (5), and an imaginary plane (S) that is arranged between the first and second surfaces (3, 5) and runs orthogonally to the central axis (O1), wherein the first area (3) a corner (11), a first side (13) extending from the corner (11), a first inclined surface (17) arranged along the corner (11) and with a first angle of inclination (θ1) closer to the imaginary plane (S) as it moves away from the corner (11), a second inclined surface (19) which is arranged further inwards in the first surface (3) than the first inclined surface (17) and is closer to the imaginary plane (S) with a second angle of inclination (θ2) as it moves away from the corner (11), a third inclined surface (21) arranged along the first side (13) and closer to the imaginary plane (S) at a third angle of inclination (θ3) as it moves away from the first side (13), a fourth inclined surface (23) which is arranged further inwards in the first surface (3) than the third inclined surface (21) and is closer to the imaginary plane (S) with a fourth angle of inclination (θ4) as it moves away from the first side (13), a web surface (29) which is arranged between the corner (11) and the first inclined surface (17) and between the first side (13) and the third inclined surface (21), and a projecting part (25) which is arranged further inwards in the first surface (3) than the second inclined surface (19) and the fourth inclined surface (23), which is further away from the imaginary plane (S) with a fifth angle of inclination (θ5) as the distance from the corner (11) increases, and which is further away from the imaginary plane (S) with a sixth angle of inclination (θ6) as the distance from the first side (13) increases, where the second angle of inclination (θ2) is greater than the first angle of inclination (θ1), where the fourth angle of inclination (θ4) is greater than the third angle of inclination (θ3), wherein in a cross-section that is orthogonal to the imaginary plane (S) and along an angle bisector (L) of the corner (11), the fifth angle of inclination (θ5) is smaller than the second angle of inclination (θ2), and where in a cross-section orthogonal to the first side (13) the sixth angle of inclination (θ6) is greater than the third angle of inclination (θ3).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present embodiments generally relate to cutting inserts for use in a cutting process. In particular, the present embodiments relate to cutting inserts for use in a turning process. BACKGROUND

[0002] For example, a cutting insert (indexable insert) described in JP 2007-175788 A is known as a cutting insert for use in a cutting operation of a workpiece, such as metal. JP 2007-175788 A describes the cutting insert with a first rake face, a second rake face, and an orthogonal wall face.

[0003] Furthermore, from JP H03 - 29 044 Y2, a cutting insert is known with a surface having a corner, a first side extending from the corner, an inclined surface arranged along the corner and extending downwards with a first angle of inclination as the distance from the corner increases, and another inclined surface arranged along the first side and extending downwards with a further angle of inclination as it moves away from the first side, wherein the cutting insert has no web surface between the corner and the one inclined surface and between the first side and the further inclined surface.

[0004] It is an object of the present invention to improve the service life of a cutting insert during a cutting process. BRIEF EXPLANATION

[0005] According to the invention, the problem is solved by a cutting insert having the features of claim 1. The problem is further solved by a cutting tool having the features of claim 10. In addition, the problem is solved by a method for producing a machined product having the features of claim 11. Further embodiments of the cutting insert are described in the dependent claims. Fig. Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a cutting insert in one of the non-restrictive embodiments of the present disclosure, Fig. 2 is a top view of the in Fig. 1. Cutting insert shown, viewed from one side of a first surface, Fig. 3 is a side view of the in Fig. 2. Cutting insert shown, viewed from an A1 direction, Fig. 4 is a side view of the in Fig. 2. Cutting insert shown, viewed from an A2 direction, Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of area B1, which is in Fig. 1 is shown, Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of one in Fig. 2 of the area B2 shown, Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view along line VII-VII of the in Fig. 6 shown cutting insert, Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along line VIII-VIII of the in Fig. 6 shown cutting insert, Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view along line IX-IX of the in Fig. 6 shown cutting insert, Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view along line XX of the in Fig. 6 shown cutting insert, Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view along line XI-XI of the in Fig. 6 shown cutting insert, Fig. Figure 12 is a perspective view showing a cutting tool in one of the non-restrictive embodiments of the present disclosure, Fig. 13 is a top view of the in Fig. 12 cutting tools shown, Fig. Figure 14 is a schematic representation showing one of the steps in a process for producing a machined product in one of the non-restrictive embodiments of the present disclosure, Fig. Figure 15 is a schematic representation showing one of the steps in the process for producing a machined product in one of the non-restrictive embodiments of the present disclosure, and Fig. Figure 16 is a schematic representation showing one of the steps in the process for producing a machined product in one of the non-restrictive embodiments of the present disclosure. EXECUTION FORMS

[0006] The angle of inclination of the vertical wall surface is relatively large in the cutting insert described in patent document 1. This can lead to a situation where chip flow is less likely, for example, during shallow-depth machining where only one corner is used as the cutting edge. Therefore, there is a need for a cutting insert that achieves good chip evacuation in both shallow and deep-depth machining operations.

[0007] Cutting inserts 1 (hereinafter also referred to simply as "inserts 1") in a variety of embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the drawings. For the sake of clarity, the drawings mentioned below show only the main elements necessary to describe the embodiments in simplified form. The inserts 1 are therefore capable of having any structural element not shown in the aforementioned drawings. The dimensions of the elements in each of the drawings do not accurately represent the dimensions of the actual structural elements or the dimensional ratios of these elements. <Schneideinsätze>

[0008] The insert 1 in one of the non-restrictive embodiments of the present disclosure has a first surface 3 (an upper surface in Fig. 1), a second surface 5 (a lower surface in Fig. 1), a third surface 7 (a side surface in Fig. 1) a cutting edge 9, a central axis O1 and an imaginary plane S. The second surface 5 can be arranged on one of the sides opposite the first surface 3.

[0009] The third surface 7 can be located between the first surface 3 and the second surface 5. The cutting edge 9 can be located at an intersection of the first surface 3 and the third surface 7. The central axis O1 can pass through a center point of the first surface 3 and a center point of the second surface 5. The imaginary plane S can be located between the first surface 3 and the second surface 5 and can be orthogonal to the central axis O1.

[0010] The first surface 3 can have a polygonal shape, and the insert 1 can have a polygonal plate shape. The first surface 3 can have a quadrilateral shape, in particular a rhombus shape, as in the non-restrictive embodiment in Fig. Figure 1 illustrates this. The first area 3 can, for example, have a rectangular or parallelogram shape instead of a rhombus shape. Alternatively, the first area 3 can have a triangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal shape instead of a rectangular one.

[0011] If the first surface 3 has the diamond shape, as in the Fig. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 1, the first surface 3 can have two acute-angled corners and two obtuse-angled corners. The first surface 3 can have four sides. Specifically, one of the acute-angled corners can be a first corner 11, and two sides extending from the first corner 11 can be a first side 13 and a second side 15. In other words, the first corner 11 can be located on an outer circumferential edge of the first surface 3 between the first side 13 and the second side 15.

[0012] The polygon shape used here does not denote a strict polygon shape. For example, the four corners of the first surface 3, viewed from above, may have a rounded, outward-projecting shape. Alternatively, the four corners may have an outward-projecting arc shape.

[0013] The shapes of the four sides, when viewed from above on the first surface 3, are not individually restricted to a strictly rectilinear form. These sides may, when viewed from above on the first surface 3, individually exhibit a slightly outward-projecting shape or a slightly recessed shape.

[0014] Similar to the first surface 3, the second surface 5 can have a polygonal shape. The second surface 5 can have a quadrilateral shape, such as a rhombus shape, as for the first surface 3 in Fig. Figure 1 shows that the third surface 7 can have four approximately flat surfaces and four curved surfaces for connecting these flat surfaces, as shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1. The non-restrictive embodiment shown. The shapes of the first surface 3 and the second surface 5 are not limited to what has been said above.

[0015] The dimensions of insert 1 are not particularly limited. For example, the length of one side of the first surface 3 can be set to approximately 3-20 mm. The height from the first surface 3 to the second surface 5 can be set to approximately 5-20 mm.

[0016] The cutting edge 9 can be located at an interface between the first surface 3 and the third surface 7. The cutting edge 9 can be located on all or part of the interface between the first surface 3 and the third surface 7. The cutting edge 9 can have a corner cutting edge 9a, a first cutting edge 9b, and a second cutting edge 9c, as shown in the Fig. 2 non-restrictive embodiment shown.

[0017] The corner cutting edge 9a can be located at the first corner 11. The first cutting edge 9b can be located on the first side 13 and connected to the corner cutting edge 9a. The second cutting edge 9c can be located on a part of the second side 15 and can be connected to the corner cutting edge 9a. As shown in Fig. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 2, the corner cutting edge 9a can have a circular arc shape, and the first cutting edge 9b and the second cutting edge 9c can have a straight line shape in the top view of the first surface 3.

[0018] The first surface 3 can further comprise a first inclined surface 17, a second inclined surface 19, a third inclined surface 21, a fourth inclined surface 23 and a projecting part 25, as shown in one of the figures in the Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. The non-restrictive embodiments shown in Figure 11 are shown. The first inclined surface 17 can be arranged along the first corner 11. The second inclined surface 19 can be arranged further inward in the first surface 3 than the first inclined surface 17. The third inclined surface 21 can be arranged along the first side 13. The fourth inclined surface can be arranged further inward in the first surface 3 than the third inclined surface 21.

[0019] The projecting part 25 can be arranged further inwards in the first surface 3 than the second inclined surface 19 and the fourth inclined surface 23. The first inclined surface 17, the second inclined surface 19, the third inclined surface 21, and the fourth inclined surface 23 can serve as a so-called chipping surface. The projecting part 25 can serve as a so-called breaker projection.

[0020] The second inclined surface 19 can be located away from or in contact with the first inclined surface 17. In the Fig. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 5, the second inclined surface 19 is connected to the first inclined surface 17. The fourth inclined surface 23 can be located away from or in contact with the third inclined surface 21. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 5, the second inclined surface 19 is connected to the first inclined surface 17. The fourth inclined surface 23 can be located away from or in contact with the third inclined surface 21. Fig. As shown in Figure 5, the fourth inclined surface 23 is connected to the third inclined surface 21.

[0021] The protruding part 25 can be located away from or in contact with the second inclined surface 19 and the fourth inclined surface 23. In the Fig. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 5, the protruding part 25 is connected to the second inclined surface 19 and the fourth inclined surface 23.

[0022] The first inclined surface 17 can be inclined with a first angle of inclination θ1 or, alternatively, be closer to the imaginary plane S with increasing distance from the first corner 11, as in Fig. 7 shown, i.e. a cross-sectional view along line VII-VII in Fig. 6. The second inclined surface 19 can be inclined with a second angle of inclination θ2 or, alternatively, be closer to the imaginary plane S with increasing distance from the first corner 11, as in Fig. Figure 7 shows that the second angle of inclination θ2 can be larger than the first angle of inclination θ1.

[0023] The third inclined surface 21 can be inclined with a third angle of inclination θ3 or, alternatively, be closer to the imaginary plane S with increasing distance from the first side 13, as in Fig. 8 shown, i.e. a cross-sectional view along line II-VIII in Fig. 6. The fourth inclined surface 23 can be inclined at a fourth angle of inclination θ4 or, alternatively, be closer to the imaginary plane S with increasing distance from the first side 13. The fourth angle of inclination θ4 can be larger than the third angle of inclination θ3.

[0024] If the first angle of inclination θ1 is smaller than the second angle of inclination θ2, as described above, it is easy to ensure a thickness of insert 1 close to the corner cutting edge 9a, resulting in improved durability of the corner cutting edge 9a. If the third angle of inclination θ3 is smaller than the fourth angle of inclination θ4, it is easy to ensure a thickness of insert 1 close to the first cutting edge 9b, resulting in improved durability of the first cutting edge 9b.

[0025] If the second angle of inclination θ2 is greater than the first angle of inclination θ1, it is easy to ensure a large space that allows chips produced by the corner cutting edge 9a and then brought into contact with the projecting part 25 to wind away. If the fourth angle of inclination θ4 is relatively larger than the third angle of inclination θ3, it is easy to ensure a large space that allows chips produced by the first cutting edge 9b and then brought into contact with the projecting part 25 to wind away.

[0026] The first inclined surface 17, the second inclined surface 19, the third inclined surface 21, and the fourth inclined surface 23 can each be closer to the imaginary plane S. In other words, these surfaces can be inclined downwards, as they move away from an outer edge of the first surface 3. The projecting part 25 can be located further away from the imaginary plane S. In other words, the projecting part 25 can be inclined upwards away from the outer edge of the first surface 3.

[0027] The foreground part 25 can be arranged at an angle of inclination θ5 to the imaginary plane S with increasing distance from the first corner 11, as in one of the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 non-restrictive embodiments shown. Alternatively, the foreground part 25 can move away from the imaginary plane S at the fifth angle of inclination θ5 from the first side 13.

[0028] In a cross-section that runs perpendicular to the imaginary plane S and along the angle bisector L of the first corner 11, the fifth angle of inclination θ5 can be smaller than the second angle of inclination θ2. In a cross-section that runs orthogonally to the first side 13, the sixth angle of inclination θ6 can be larger than the third angle of inclination θ3.

[0029] If, in the cross-section which is orthogonal to the imaginary plane S and along the angle bisector L of the first corner 11, the fifth inclination angle θ5 is smaller than the second inclination angle θ2, the chips can flow easily, e.g. in machining with a shallow depth of cut, where only the corner cutting edge 9a is used as the cutting edge 9.

[0030] Chips produced during shallow-depth machining tend to be narrow, and chip flow becomes unstable. However, chip clogging at the projecting part 25 is less likely, and chips can flow easily along the projecting part 25 if the fifth angle of inclination θ5 at a portion of the projecting part 25 opposite the first corner 11 (namely, at a fifth inclined surface) is smaller than the second angle of inclination θ2 and forms a relatively gentle slope in the cross-section above.

[0031] If in a cross-section orthogonal to the first side 13 the sixth angle of inclination θ6 is greater than the third angle of inclination θ3, the chips tend to be stably coiled, e.g. in machining with a large depth of cut, where the corner cutting edge 9a and the first cutting edge 9b are used as cutting edge 9.

[0032] Chips have a large width and are less likely to deform during machining with a large depth of cut. However, the chips tend to become stably twisted on the projecting part 25 if the sixth angle of inclination θ6 on a part of the projecting part 25 opposite the first cutting edge 9b (namely, on a sixth inclined surface) is greater than the third angle of inclination θ3 and forms a relatively steep inclination in the cross-section above.

[0033] Thus, with the use of 1 of the non-restrictive embodiment of the present disclosure, good chip removal can be achieved both when machining with a shallow depth of cut and when machining with a large depth of cut.

[0034] In the cross-section that runs orthogonally to the imaginary plane S and along the angle bisector L, the fifth inclination angle θ5 can be smaller than the first inclination angle θ1, as in the non-restrictive embodiment in Fig. Figure 7 shows that if, in the cross-section above, the fifth angle of inclination θ5 is smaller than the first angle of inclination θ1, the fifth angle of inclination θ5 at the part of the projecting part 25 opposite the first corner 11 is a gentler inclination.

[0035] Consequently, chip clogging is significantly less likely when machining with shallow depths of cut.

[0036] The sixth angle of inclination θ6 can be larger in cross-section orthogonal to the first side 13 than the fourth angle of inclination θ4, as in one of the in Fig. 8 non-restrictive embodiments shown. If the sixth inclination angle θ6 in the above cross-section is greater than the fourth inclination angle θ4, the sixth inclination angle θ6 at the portion of the projecting part 25 opposite the first cutting edge 9b is a steeper inclination. Consequently, during machining with a large depth of cut, the chips tend to become more stably coiled.

[0037] The first tilt angle θ1, the second tilt angle θ2, the third tilt angle θ3, the fourth tilt angle θ4, the fifth tilt angle θ5, and the sixth tilt angle θ6 are not individually limited to a specific value. For example, the first tilt angle θ1 can be set to 20–30°. The second tilt angle θ2 can be set to 35–45°. The third tilt angle θ3 can be set to 20–30°. The fourth tilt angle θ4 can be set to 35–45°. The fifth tilt angle θ5 can be set to 3–20°. The sixth tilt angle θ6 can be set to 40–70°.

[0038] The first inclination angle θ1, the second inclination angle θ2, the third inclination angle θ3, the fourth inclination angle θ4, the fifth inclination angle θ5 and the sixth inclination angle θ6 can be in each of the in Fig. 7 cross-sections shown along the angle bisector L and in the Fig. The cross-section shown in page 8, orthogonal to the first page 13, can be held or changed at a specific value.

[0039] The fourth inclined surface 23 in a Fig. The cross-section shown in Figure 11 is represented by a convexly curved line and a concavely curved line, and the value of the fourth inclination angle θ4 is not constant. If the value of the fourth inclination angle θ4 is not constant, a maximum value of an angle in a target cross-section can be considered the fourth inclination angle θ4.

[0040] This also applies to the first inclination angle θ1, the second inclination angle θ2, the third inclination angle θ3, the fifth inclination angle θ5, and the sixth inclination angle θ6. That is, the maximum values ​​of the angles in the target cross-sections can each be evaluated as the first inclination angle θ1, the second inclination angle θ2, the third inclination angle θ3, the fifth inclination angle θ5, and the sixth inclination angle θ6.

[0041] The length of the second inclined surface 19 on the angle bisector L can be shorter than the length of the first inclined surface 17 in the top view of the first surface 3. During a workpiece cutting operation, a greater cutting force tends to be exerted on the corner cutting edge 9a than on the first cutting edge 9b. However, if the length of the second inclined surface 19 on the angle bisector L is shorter than the length of the first inclined surface 17, it is easily possible to ensure a large width for a portion of the first inclined surface 17 that is arranged along the corner cutting edge 9a. The corner cutting edge 9a therefore has an increased service life.

[0042] As in the Fig. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 6, the projecting part 25 can extend in the top view of the first surface 3 towards the first corner 11. Alternatively, the projecting part 25 can extend in the top view of the first surface 3 along the angle bisector L, as in the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 6. Fig. 6 shown.

[0043] The projecting part 25 can have a flat front end surface 27 located on the angle bisector L and inclined such that it recedes from the imaginary plane S in the same way as it recedes from the first corner 11. When the projecting part 25 has the front end surface 27, the chips tend to flow on the flat front end surface 27, for example, during machining with a shallow depth of cut. This results in good chip evacuation performance.

[0044] A width W1 in the top view of the first surface 3 in a direction orthogonal to the angle bisector L on the front end surface 27 can increase away from the first corner 11. If the width W1 of a portion of the end surface 27 located near the first corner 11 is relatively small, a large width results in a direction orthogonal to the angle bisector L on a portion of the second inclined surface 19 located near the first corner 11. Consequently, the chips tend to twist on the second inclined surface 19.

[0045] If the width W1 of a part of the end surface 27, which is located away from the first corner 11, is relatively large, the flow direction of the chips flowing over the flat end surface 27 tends to be controlled over a wide area of ​​the end surface 27.

[0046] The insert 1 can be line-symmetric in the top view on the first surface 3 with respect to the angle bisector L, as shown in the Fig. 6, a non-restrictive embodiment shown. The cutting edge 9 can have a second cutting edge 9c, which is arranged on the second side 15.

[0047] The first surface 3 may further comprise a seventh inclined surface 37 and an eighth inclined surface 39, as in the non-restrictive embodiment described in the Fig. 6 and Fig. Figure 11 shows the seventh inclined surface 37, which is arranged along the second side 15 and corresponds to the third inclined surface 21. The eighth inclined surface 39 is arranged further inwards in the first surface 3 than the seventh inclined surface 37 and corresponds to the fourth inclined surface 23.

[0048] The seventh inclined surface 37 can be inclined with a seventh angle of inclination θ7 and can be closer to the imaginary plane S with increasing distance from the second side 15, as in Fig. 11 shown, i.e., a cross-section along line XI-XI in Fig. 6. The eighth inclined surface 39 can be inclined with an eighth angle of inclination θ8 and can be closer to the imaginary plane S with increasing distance from the second side 15, as in Fig. 11 shown.

[0049] In cross-section orthogonal to the second side 15, as in the Fig. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 11, the eighth inclination angle θ8 can be greater than the seventh inclination angle θ7, and an inclination angle (ninth inclination angle θ9) of a part of the protruding part 25 opposite the second side 15 (namely a ninth inclined surface) can be greater than the seventh inclination angle θ7.

[0050] In the above case, when machining with a large depth of cut using the corner cutting edge 9a and the second cutting edge 9c as cutting edge 9, the chips tend to coil steadily. When used in the Fig. In the non-restrictive embodiment shown in Figure 6, the chips tend to be more stably coiled both when using the corner cutting edge 9a and the first cutting edge 9b as cutting edge 9, and when using the corner cutting edge 9a and the second cutting edge 9c as cutting edge 9. This means that the insert 1 in the present embodiment can be used as a so-called neutral insert 1.

[0051] In a cross-section orthogonal to the second side 15, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the ninth inclination angle θ9 can be larger than the eighth inclination angle θ8.

[0052] The front end surface 27 can run parallel to the imaginary plane S in a cross-section perpendicular to the angle bisector L, as in one of the in Fig. The 10 illustrated non-restrictive embodiments result in good chip removal performance during machining with shallow depths of cut, which is achievable both when using the corner cutting edge 9a and the first cutting edge 9b as cutting edge 9, and when using the corner cutting edge 9a and the second cutting edge 9c as cutting edge 9. The term "parallel" is not limited to strict parallelism, but also refers to a slight inclination of approximately 2° to 3°.

[0053] The height h1 of the first corner 11, based on the imaginary plane S, can be greater than the maximum value of the height h2 of the end face 27, also based on the imaginary plane S. In other words, the first corner 11 can be located further from the imaginary plane S than the end face 27. This makes it easier to provide space for winding the wing than in cases where at least part of the end face 27 is located further from the imaginary plane S than the first corner 11.

[0054] The height h1 of the first corner 11, based on the imaginary plane S, can be equal to the height h2 of the end face 27, also based on the imaginary plane S. This also facilitates ensuring sufficient space for chip winding. Even at high feed rates, the chips tend to come into contact with the end face 27, making it easier to ensure sufficient space for chip winding. Therefore, the chips tend to wind in a stable manner.

[0055] The first surface 3 can further comprise a tenth inclined surface 41 arranged along the first side 13, as shown in Fig. 5 in the non-restrictive embodiment shown. The tenth inclined surface 41 can be arranged further away from the first corner 11 than the third inclined surface 21 and the fourth inclined surface 23. The tenth inclined surface 41 can be connected to the third inclined surface 21 and the fourth inclined surface 23.

[0056] A portion of the fourth inclined surface 23, arranged along the tenth inclined surface 41, can have a convexly curved shape in a cross-section intersecting a boundary between the fourth inclined surface 23 and the tenth inclined surface 41, as in one of the Fig. 11, the non-restrictive embodiment shown. In this configuration, chip clogging is less likely to occur on the fourth inclined surface 23, e.g., when the chips move forward on the fourth inclined surface 23 and flow to the tenth inclined surface 41.

[0057] The first inclined surface 17 can be arranged away from the first corner 11, the third inclined surface 21 can be arranged away from the first side 13, and the seventh inclined surface 37 can be arranged away from the second side 15, as shown in Fig. 5 in the non-restrictive embodiment shown. The first corner 11, the first side 13 and the second side 15 are arranged away from the first inclined surface 17, the third inclined surface 21 and the seventh inclined surface 37 by inserting a web surface 29 between them. Thus, the first surface 3 can further enclose the web surface 29.

[0058] The web surface 29 is a narrow, ribbon-shaped area that adjoins an outer edge of the first surface 3 and is arranged along the outer edge of the first surface 3, as shown in Fig. Figure 5 shows that if the first surface 3 encloses the web surface 29, the cutting edge 9 has increased durability. The width W2 of the web surface 29 can be adjusted, for example, to approximately 0.01–0.5 mm in the top view of the first surface 3.

[0059] The web surface 29 can be arranged along the entirety of an outer circumferential edge of the first surface 3 or alternatively along a portion of the outer edge of the first surface 3 where the cutting edge 9 is located. The web surface 29 can be inclined relative to or parallel with the imaginary plane S. The web surface 29 is located in one of the Fig. 7 and similar non-restrictive embodiments shown parallel to the imaginary plane S.

[0060] Examples of materials used in application 1 include hard metal, cermet, ceramic, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and cBN (cubic boron nitride).

[0061] Examples of cemented carbide compositions include WC (tungsten carbide)-Co, WC-TiC (titanium carbide)-Co, and WC-TiC-TaC (tantalum carbide)-Co. As used here, WC, TiC, and TaC are hard particles, and Co is a binder phase. Cermet is a sintered composite material obtained by combining metal and a ceramic component. Examples of cermet are compositions primarily composed of TiC or TiN (titanium nitride). The material of insert 1 is not limited to those mentioned above.

[0062] Insert 1 can be formed from one or more elements made from the material shown above as an example.

[0063] For example, the insert 1 can be formed from a main body 31 and a cutting part 33 and as a whole have a polygonal plate shape, as in Fig. Figure 1 shows the main body 31 having an approximately polygonal plate shape, and a portion of it may be cut into a concave shape. The cutting part 33 can be joined to the concavely shaped part thus obtained using a brazing material or similar. The first corner 11, the first side 13, and the second side 15 are attached to the cutting part 33 in the Fig. 1 as shown in the non-restrictive embodiment.

[0064] For example, a material with relatively high hardness, such as PCD and cBN, can be used as the material for the cutting element 33. For example, cemented carbide, cermet, or ceramic can be used as the material for the main body 31. This contributes to improved durability of the insert 1 under cutting loads, while simultaneously making it possible to manufacture the insert 1 cost-effectively. The hardness of the main body 31 and the cutting element 33 can be assessed by measuring the Vickers hardness of their respective parts.

[0065] The insert 1 can consist solely of the cutting element 33 and the main body 31. Alternatively, in addition to the cutting element 33 and the main body 31, the insert 1 can have a coating layer (not shown) to cover the surfaces of these parts. The coating layer can cover all or part of the surface of a base element formed by the cutting element 33 and the main body 31.

[0066] Examples of materials used in the coating layer include aluminum oxide (alumina) as well as titanium carbides, nitrides, oxides, carbonates, nitrogen oxides, carbonitrides, and carboxynitrides. The coating layer can contain one or more of the aforementioned materials.

[0067] The coating layer can consist of a single layer or, alternatively, a structure in which several layers are laminated on top of each other. The material of the coating layer is not limited to these options. The coating layer can be applied to the base element using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.

[0068] Insert 1 can have a through hole 35, as shown in the Fig. 1. Non-restrictive embodiment shown. The through-hole 35 can extend from the first surface 3 to the second surface 5 and can open into these surfaces. The through-hole 35 can extend along the central axis O1, which passes through a center point of the first surface 3 and a center point of the second surface 5. The through-hole 35 can be used to attach a fastening screw or a clamping element when the insert 1 is held by the holder. There is no problem even if the through-hole 35 opens into areas of the third surface 7 that are located on opposite sides. <schneidwerkzeuge>

[0069] The cutting tool 101 in one of the embodiments is described below with reference to the drawings.

[0070] As in the Fig. 12 and Fig. As shown in Figure 13, the cutting tool 101 in this embodiment comprises a holder 105 and the insert. The holder 105 is in the form of a rod extending from a first end to a second end and has a pocket 103 (insert pocket) on one side of the first end. The insert is arranged in the pocket 103. The insert 1 can be positioned such that at least part of the cutting edge protrudes from the first end of the holder 105.

[0071] The holder 105 can have a long, narrow rod shape extending along an axis O2. The single pocket 103 can be arranged on one side of the first end of the holder 105. The pocket 103 is a component that facilitates the attachment of the insert 1. The pocket 103 can terminate in an end face on one side of the first end of the holder 105. If the pocket 103 terminates in a side face of the holder 105, attaching the insert 1 is straightforward. The pocket 103 can have a seat surface parallel to a lower surface of the holder 105 and a side surface inclined relative to the seat surface.

[0072] Insert 1 is positioned in pocket 103. The second surface of insert 1 can be in direct contact with pocket 103. Alternatively, a plate can be positioned between insert 1 and pocket 103.

[0073] The insert 1 can be attached to the holder 105 in such a way that part of the insert 1, used as a cutting edge, protrudes from the holder 105. The insert 1 can be fastened to the holder 105 with a fastening screw 107.

[0074] Specifically, the insert 1 can be attached to the holder 105 by inserting the fastening screw 107 into a screw hole of the insert 1 and a front end of the fastening screw 107 into a screw hole formed in the pocket 103, so that a thread engagement is created between the screw parts.

[0075] For example, steel or cast iron can be used for holder 105. In particular, if steel is used for holder 105, holder 103 has increased toughness.

[0076] The present embodiments are presented and described as cutting tools for use in turning operations. Examples of turning operations include internal machining, external machining, and grooving. The cutting tools are not limited to those used in turning operations. For example, the inserts in the above embodiments can be used as a cutting tool for milling operations. <Verfahren zur Herstellung eines maschinell bzw. spanabhebend bearbeiteten Produkts>

[0077] A method for producing a machined product in one of the embodiments is described below with reference to the drawings.

[0078] The machined product can be manufactured by performing a cutting operation on a workpiece 201. The method for manufacturing the machined product in the embodiments comprises the following steps: (1) Turning the workpiece 201, (2) Bringing a comb line in the cutting tool 101, as represented by the above embodiments, into contact with the workpiece 201, which is rotated, and (3) Moving the cutting tool 101 away from the workpiece 201.

[0079] More precisely, the workpiece 201 is first rotated about an axis O3 and the cutting tool 101 is brought relatively close to the workpiece 201, as shown in Fig. Figure 14 shows that the workpiece 201 is then cut by bringing the comb line (the cutting edge) in the cutting tool 101 into contact with the workpiece 201, as shown in Fig. 15. The cutting tool 101 is then used as shown in Fig. 16 shown, moved away from workpiece 201 relative to the workpiece.

[0080] In the present embodiments, the cutting tool 101 is brought into close proximity to the workpiece 201 by moving the cutting tool 101 in the Y1 direction in a state in which the axis O3 is fixed and the workpiece 201 is rotated. Fig. In step 15, the workpiece 201 is cut by bringing the cutting edge of the insert into contact with the workpiece 201, which is being rotated. Fig. 16 The cutting tool 101 is moved away by moving the cutting tool 101 in the Y2 direction in a state in which the workpiece 201 is rotated.

[0081] During the cutting process in the present embodiments, the cutting tool 101 is brought into contact with the workpiece 201, or the cutting tool 101 is moved away from the workpiece 201 by moving the cutting tool 101 in each of the above-mentioned steps. However, it is not intended to be limited to these embodiments.

[0082] For example, in step (1), the workpiece 201 can be brought close to the cutting tool 101. Similarly, in step (3), the workpiece 201 can be moved away from the cutting tool 101. If the cutting process is to be continued, the step in which the cutting edge in the insert is brought into contact with different sections of the workpiece 201 can be repeated while the workpiece 201 is kept in rotation.

[0083] Representative examples of the material of workpiece 201 include unalloyed steel, alloyed steel, stainless steel, cast iron and non-ferrous metals. Reference symbol list 1 deployment 3 first area 5 second area 7 third area 9 cutting edge 9a Corner cutting edge 9b first cutting edge 9c second cutting edge 11 first corner 13 first page 15 second page 17 first inclined surface 19 second inclined surface 21 third inclined surface 23 fourth inclined surface 25 preceding part 27 front end surface 29 pier area 31 Main body 33 Cutting part 35 Through hole 37 seventh inclined surface 39 eighth inclined surface 41 tenth inclined surface 101 Cutting tool 103 bags 105 holders 107 Fastening screw 201 workpiece θ1 first angle of inclination θ2 second angle of inclination θ3 third angle of inclination θ4 fourth angle of inclination θ5 fifth inclination angle θ6 sixth angle of inclination θ7 seventh inclination angle θ8 eighth angle of inclination θ9 ninth inclination angle h1 height h2 height L angle bisector O1 Central axis O2 axis O3 Axis S imaginary plane Y1 Direction of movement Y2 Direction of movement W1 width W2 width< / schneidwerkzeuge>

Claims

[1] A cutting insert (1) comprising: a first area (3), a second surface (5) which is arranged on one of the sides opposite the first surface (3), a third surface (7) which is arranged between the first and second surfaces (3, 5), a cutting edge (9) which is located at an intersection of the first surface (3) and the third surface (5), a central axis (O1) passing through a center point of the first surface (3) and a center point of the second surface (5), and an imaginary plane (S) that is arranged between the first and second surfaces (3, 5) and runs orthogonally to the central axis (O1), wherein the first area (3) a corner (11), a first side (13) extending from the corner (11), a first inclined surface (17) arranged along the corner (11) and with a first angle of inclination (θ1) closer to the imaginary plane (S) as it moves away from the corner (11), a second inclined surface (19) which is arranged further inwards in the first surface (3) than the first inclined surface (17) and is closer to the imaginary plane (S) with a second angle of inclination (θ2) as it moves away from the corner (11), a third inclined surface (21) arranged along the first side (13) and closer to the imaginary plane (S) at a third angle of inclination (θ3) as it moves away from the first side (13), a fourth inclined surface (23) which is arranged further inwards in the first surface (3) than the third inclined surface (21) and is closer to the imaginary plane (S) with a fourth angle of inclination (θ4) as it moves away from the first side (13), a web surface (29) which is arranged between the corner (11) and the first inclined surface (17) and between the first side (13) and the third inclined surface (21), and a projecting part (25) which is arranged further inwards in the first surface (3) than the second inclined surface (19) and the fourth inclined surface (23), which is further away from the imaginary plane (S) with a fifth angle of inclination (θ5) as the distance from the corner (11) increases, and which is further away from the imaginary plane (S) with a sixth angle of inclination (θ6) as the distance from the first side (13) increases, where the second angle of inclination (θ2) is greater than the first angle of inclination (θ1), where the fourth angle of inclination (θ4) is greater than the third angle of inclination (θ3), wherein in a cross-section that is orthogonal to the imaginary plane (S) and along an angle bisector (L) of the corner (11), the fifth angle of inclination (θ5) is smaller than the second angle of inclination (θ2), and where in a cross-section orthogonal to the first side (13) the sixth angle of inclination (θ6) is greater than the third angle of inclination (θ3). [2] The cutting insert (1) according to claim 1, wherein in the cross-section which is orthogonal to the imaginary plane (S) and along the angle bisector (L) the fifth angle of inclination (θ5) is smaller than the first angle of inclination (θ1). [3] The cutting insert (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in cross-section orthogonal to the first side (13) the sixth angle of inclination (θ6) is greater than the fourth angle of inclination (θ4). [4] The cutting insert (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a length of the second inclined surface (19) in a top view of the first surface (3) is less than a length of the first inclined surface (17) on the angle bisector (L). [5] The cutting insert (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the protruding part (25) has a front end surface (27) of a flat shape which lies on the angle bisector (L) and is inclined such that it moves away from the imaginary plane (S) as it moves away from the corner (11). [6] The cutting insert (1) according to claim 5, wherein the front end surface (27) has a region whose width (W1) increases in a direction orthogonal to the angle bisector (L) in a top view of the first surface (3) with increasing distance from the corner (11). [7] The cutting insert (1) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in a cross-section the front end surface (27) is arranged orthogonally to the angle bisector (L) parallel to the imaginary plane (S). [8] The cutting insert (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the corner (11) is arranged further away from the imaginary plane (S) than the front end surface (27). [9] The cutting insert (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the protruding part (25) furthermore has an upper surface which is arranged further away from the corner (11) than the front end surface (27), is connected to the front end surface (27) and is arranged parallel to the imaginary plane (S), and In the top view of the first surface (3), the length of the front end surface (27) is greater than a length of the upper surface on the angle bisector (L). [10] A cutting tool (101) comprising: a holder (105) having a rod shape extending from a first end to a second end and having a pocket (103) arranged on one side of the first end, and the cutting insert (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cutting insert (1) is arranged in the pocket (103). [11] A method for producing a machine-made product, comprising: Turning a workpiece (201), Bringing the cutting tool (101) according to claim 10 into contact with the workpiece (201), which is rotated, and Moving the cutting tool (101) away from the workpiece (201).

Images