Roofing membrane or facade membrane

Abstract

Roofing membrane (2) for fire protection of a roof, in particular a flat roof, comprising: a support layer (4) comprising at least one woven and / or nonwoven layer, and an adhesive coating (6) connected to the carrier layer (4), wherein the adhesive coating (6) has flame-retardant additives (8).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a membrane for improving fire protection on a roof or facade.

[0002] The purpose of the invention is to provide a membrane that improves fire protection on a roof or facade.

[0003] This task is solved using the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0004] According to claim 1, a roofing membrane for fire protection of a roof, in particular a flat roof, is provided. The roofing membrane comprises: a carrier layer with at least one woven and / or nonwoven layer, and an adhesive coating bonded to the carrier layer, wherein the adhesive coating comprises flame-retardant additives.

[0005] On roofs with solar panels, especially solar thermal systems, and / or around skylights, intense heat can build up on the uppermost layer of the roof, particularly on the waterproofing membrane or top layer. This can damage the waterproofing membrane or top layer due to the heat, thus compromising its waterproofing function. In particular, overheating at the overlaps of the waterproofing membrane or top layer can cause it to burst.

[0006] The roofing membrane provides easy-to-install and reliable fire protection for roofs. In particular, the roofing membrane can prevent the spread of a fire into the building interior, which may have resulted from overheating of the roof, for example by a solar panel or skylights.

[0007] During installation, the roofing membrane is laid or glued onto the top layer of the roof using the adhesive coating (i.e., the substrate faces upwards after installation). Preferably, the roofing membrane is applied to an existing top layer of roofing membrane or covering, such as a PVC membrane. To ensure optimal adhesion between the roofing membrane and the roofing membrane or covering, the top layer of the roof is preferably cleaned beforehand.

[0008] The adhesive coating can be applied to the substrate, for example, using an extruder or a similar process.

[0009] Preferably, the carrier layer, and in particular the fabric and / or nonwoven layer of the carrier layer, is flame-retardant. Preferably, the carrier layer(s), in particular the fabric and / or nonwoven layer, of the roofing membrane complies with DIN 4102 and has / have, in particular, fire protection class A2, especially preferably fire protection class A2-s1 d0. Thus, the entire roofing membrane, i.e., the adhesive coating and the carrier layer, is flame-retardant and can therefore reliably protect against the spread of fire from the roof into the building interior.

[0010] Preferably, the adhesive coating is designed as a full-surface adhesive coating on the substrate. Alternatively, the adhesive coating has a first adhesive strip in a first end area on a first side of the substrate and, optionally, a second adhesive strip in an opposite end area on a second side of the substrate. In the latter case, the adhesive strips do not form a full-surface adhesive coating. When laying the roofing membranes, adjacent membranes are preferably laid overlapping. In the case of adhesive strips, the adhesive strips of adjacent membranes are preferably glued together. When using adhesive strips, the roofing membranes are not fully bonded to the substrate (e.g., the existing top layer of roofing membrane).

[0011] Furthermore, a facade membrane for fire protection of a facade is provided. The facade membrane comprises: a first carrier layer with at least one first flame-retardant fabric and / or flame-retardant fleece layer, a second carrier layer with at least one second flame-retardant fabric and / or flame-retardant fleece layer, and a waterproof and vapor-permeable membrane layer arranged between the first and second carrier layers.

[0012] The facade membrane provides easy-to-install and reliable fire protection for facades. By using the facade membrane on a facade (building facade), it can be prevented from spreading from the outside into the building interior in the event of a fire on the facade. In particular, the flame-retardant fabric and / or non-woven layers prevent a fire that originates on the facade from spreading into the building interior.

[0013] Preferably, the fabric and / or nonwoven layer of the facade membrane complies with DIN 4102 and in particular has fire protection class A2, especially preferably fire protection class A2-s1 d0.

[0014] In addition, the membrane layer protects the facade from water penetrating from the outside, for example in the form of driving rain, and also allows vapor or moisture to be transported from the interior of the building through the facade to the outside via diffusion.

[0015] During installation, the facade membrane is preferably attached to the facade using a separate adhesive tape or a liquid adhesive applied to the facade, and in particular to a frame structure of the facade. Preferably, a facade membrane extends from one profile element of the frame structure to an adjacent profile element.

[0016] Facade panels laid side by side are preferably overlapped. For example, the facade panel can have adhesive strips (see below), with the adhesive strips of adjacent overlapping facade panels preferably being glued together. Preferably, the overlapping areas of the individual facade panels lie on one of the respective profile elements of the frame structure.

[0017] Preferably, the membrane layer is made of plastic, in particular polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and / or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The membrane layer can be designed as a monolithic or microporous membrane. The microporous membrane preferably consists of hydrophobic polymers. Microporous membranes are characterized by the formation of micro-holes during the manufacturing process, which ensure that the membrane is impermeable to water and vapor.

[0018] The monolithic membrane preferably consists of hydrophilic polymers. A monolithic membrane has no pores and swells upon contact with moisture, thus enabling diffusion. Compared to microporous membranes, monolithic membranes are characterized by a better balance between impermeability to water and permeability to diffusion.

[0019] Preferably, the membrane layer has a thickness in the range of 10 to 70 µm, 20 to 60 µm or 30 to 50 µm.

[0020] Preferably, the facade membrane has a first connecting layer between the first support layer and the membrane layer and / or a second connecting layer between the second support layer and the membrane layer.

[0021] During manufacturing, for example, the first bonding layer can be applied to the first support layer. The membrane layer can then be applied to the first bonding layer on the first support layer, for example by calendering. Finally, the second bonding layer can be applied to the second support layer, and the second support layer can be bonded to the membrane layer on the opposite side from the first support layer using the second bonding layer.

[0022] Preferably, the first and / or second bonding layer is made of an acrylate adhesive. The acrylate adhesive is particularly preferably vapor-permeable. This ensures that all individual layers of the facade membrane, i.e., the first and second carrier layers, the membrane layer, and the first and / or second bonding layer, and thus the entire facade membrane, are vapor-permeable. The facade membrane particularly preferably has an sd value of sd < 0.5 m. This allows vapor or moisture from the building interior to be transported to the outside through the facade membrane. This prevents the formation of mold due to accumulated moisture.

[0023] If the facade membrane, as described below in a preferred embodiment, has butyl adhesive strips, the facade membrane is preferably still vapor-permeable, even though the butyl adhesive is not vapor-permeable, because the adhesive strips are only located in the edge region of the facade membrane. Thus, in this case, moisture or vapor from the building interior can escape to the outside through the area of ​​the facade membrane without adhesive strips (i.e., between the adhesive strips), particularly between the profile elements of the facade's frame structure.

[0024] Preferably, the first and / or second bonding layer each has a basis weight in the range of 10 to 100 g / m². 2 , 10 to 80 g / m² 2 , 10 to 50 g / m² 2 or a basis weight of or substantially of 10 g / m² 2 on.

[0025] Preferably, the facade membrane has an adhesive coating, wherein the adhesive coating has a first adhesive strip in a first end region on a first side of the first carrier layer facing away from the membrane layer, and optionally a second adhesive strip in an opposite second end region on a opposite second side of the second carrier layer facing away from the membrane layer. That is, in the optional embodiment, an adhesive strip is arranged on a top surface at one end of the facade membrane, and a second adhesive strip is arranged on a bottom surface at the other end of the facade membrane. When joining two membranes, the ends or end regions to be joined are arranged overlapping so that the adhesive strips at the end regions of the membranes lie against each other. This provides an adhesive-to-adhesive bond, resulting immediately in a tight and strong connection.

[0026] Preferably, the adhesive coating, in particular the first adhesive strip and optionally the second adhesive strip, has flame-retardant additives.

[0027] Preferred configurations are described below, which are valid or applicable to both the roofing membrane and the facade membrane described above and below. In particular, the specifications regarding the carrier layer or fabric and / or nonwoven layer and the adhesive coating / adhesive strip apply to both the roofing membrane and the facade membrane described herein.

[0028] Preferably, the adhesive coating comprises one or more of the following as flame-retardant additives: graphite, in particular expanded graphite (EG), ammonium phosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), and / or aluminum trihydrate (ATH). Preferably, the total amount of flame-retardant additives is in the range of 10 to 40 wt%, 10 to 20 wt%, 15 to 25 wt%, 20 to 30 wt%, 25 to 35 wt%, or 30 to 40 wt%. For example, in an adhesive coating or adhesive strip made of butyl adhesive, acrylate adhesive, or hot-melt adhesive with a total amount of flame-retardant additives of 30 wt%, the adhesive coating consists of 70 wt% butyl adhesive, acrylate adhesive, or hot-melt adhesive.

[0029] The adhesive coating or adhesive strips may be made of butyl adhesive, acrylate adhesive, or hot melt adhesive based on synthetic resins. Preferably, the butyl adhesive comprises at least butyl rubber and / or polyisobutylene.

[0030] Preferably, the adhesive coating or adhesive strips have a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm, 0.1 to 1.5 mm, 0.1 to 1.0 mm, or 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Particularly preferably, the adhesive coating or adhesive strips have a thickness of 0.3 mm or substantially so. These small thicknesses ensure sufficient adhesive strength while simultaneously keeping the material costs for the adhesive coating low.

[0031] Preferably, the roofing membrane or facade membrane, in particular the adhesive coating or adhesive strips and / or the (first and / or second) carrier layer, is / are temperature-resistant in a range of -20 to 200 °C, -15 to 160 °C or -10 to 120 °C and / or non-combustible. Preferably, the roofing membrane or facade membrane complies with DIN 4102 and preferably has fire protection class A2, particularly preferably fire protection class A2-s1 d0.

[0032] Preferably, the fabric layer, in particular the first and / or second fabric layer, has a basis weight in the range of 100 to 500 g / m². 2 , 120 to 400 g / m² 2 , 140 to 300 g / m² 2 , 160 to 250 g / m² 2 or 180 to 220 g / m² 2 and especially preferably 200 g / m² 2 or essentially 200 g / m² 2 The fabric layer, in particular the first and / or second fabric layer, can for example be a fabric layer made of or containing glass fiber, in particular technical textile glass, and preferably be designed as a glass silk fabric.

[0033] The fabric layer, particularly the first and / or second layer, is preferably a cross-linked (e.g., right-angled or nearly right-angled) thread system of longitudinal threads (warp threads) and transverse threads (weft threads), in which the threads pass over and under the transverse threads in a specific rhythm (weave). The weave of the fabric, or the interweaving of the threads, creates a strong and dense bond that ensures high tensile strength and tear propagation resistance of the roofing or facade membrane, thus preventing mechanical damage to the membrane and, in particular, the supporting layer during installation. This ensures the desired fire protection even when the roofing or facade membrane is subjected to stress during or after installation.In particular, during the installation of the facade membrane, mechanical damage to the membrane layer can therefore be prevented, thus ensuring a watertight and vapor-permeable membrane layer even under stress during or after installation.

[0034] Preferably, the fabric layer, in particular the first and / or second fabric layer, has a thread density in the longitudinal direction (warp threads) in the range of 10 to 24 threads / cm, 13 to 21 threads / cm, or 16 to 18 threads / cm, preferably of or substantially of 17 threads / cm. Preferably, the fabric layer, in particular the first and / or second fabric layer, has a thread density in the transverse direction (weft threads) in the range of 4 to 18 threads / cm, 7 to 15 threads / cm, or 10 to 12 threads / cm, preferably of or substantially of 11 threads / cm.

[0035] Preferably, the fabric layer has a grid spacing in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of a maximum of 5 mm, more preferably a maximum of 4 mm, and most preferably a maximum of 2 mm. The specifications for thread density and grid spacing preferably refer to an average thread density and grid spacing, taking into account a manufacturing tolerance.

[0036] Preferably, the nonwoven layer, in particular the first and / or second nonwoven layer, comprises mineral wool and is specifically designed as a basalt nonwoven. Basalt nonwoven preferably consists exclusively of basalt fibers and can, for example, be produced using needle-punched nonwoven technology.

[0037] Preferably, the nonwoven layer, in particular the first and / or second nonwoven layer, has a basis weight in the range of 50 to 200 g / m². 2 , 60 to 180 g / m² 2 , 70 to 160 g / m² 2 or 80 to 140 g / m² 2 on.

[0038] Preferably, the (first and / or second) fabric layer and / or nonwoven layer is resistant to UV radiation and / or weathering. Particularly preferably, the fabric layer and / or nonwoven layer has a lightfastness rating greater than 7 and / or a weatherfastness rating greater than 7 according to the blue scale.

[0039] The fabric layer and / or nonwoven layer can have an sd value of < 0.5 m and is therefore vapor-permeable. Preferably, the fabric layer or nonwoven layer has an sd value of < 0.4, < 0.3, < 0.2 or < 0.15, particularly preferably an sd value of or substantially of 0.14.

[0040] Preferably, the fabric layer or nonwoven layer has a loss on ignition in the range of 5 to 25%, 5 to 20% or 5 to 15% or a loss on ignition of 10% or substantially 10%.

[0041] The woven or nonwoven layer can, for example, have a tensile strength in the weft direction in the range of 20 to 80 kg / cm, 30 to 60 kg / cm or 40 to 50 kg / cm and / or a tensile strength in the warp direction in the range of 10 to 80 kg / cm, 20 to 60 kg / cm or 30 to 40 kg / cm.

[0042] Preferably, and if present, each adhesive strip extends over the entire length or substantially the entire length of the sheet-shaped roofing or facade membrane, so that the end regions or side edges of the sheets can be joined together longitudinally. Additionally, adhesive strips (transverse or end faces) can be provided that extend over the entire width or substantially the entire width of the sheet-shaped roofing or facade membrane, so that sheets adjoining or overlapping at their ends can be bonded together as described above. For example, an adhesive strip can have a width in the range of 2 cm to 8 cm, preferably 2 cm to 6 cm, and particularly preferably 3 cm to 5 cm.

[0043] If, for example, the (longitudinal) adhesive strips have a width (perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sheet-shaped roofing or facade membrane) of, say, 3 cm, adjacent sheets are laid with a 3 cm overlap as described above, so that the adhesive strips lie on top of each other and a 'glue-to-glue' connection can be created. Due to the reduced overlap when joining the described roofing or facade membrane, less material is used per square meter overall, thus saving material and costs.

[0044] For example, when installing roofing membranes as flat roof waterproofing, the individual sheets are laid out and their side edges or transverse edges are joined together lengthwise as described above. If the adhesive coating on the roofing membrane is not applied across the entire surface and no adhesive strips are provided along the end edges of the membrane, the sheets can be laid out so that the end edges of adjacent sheets overlap, for example, by approximately 5 cm. The end edges can then be joined together by applying adhesive tape. For example, adhesive tapes with a width of 100 mm or 200 mm, which have a butyl-based self-adhesive layer, can be used.

[0045] The adhesive coating or strips are preferably cold-applied, allowing the individual sheets of the roofing or facade membrane to be easily bonded to each other and / or to a substrate (for roofing membranes: the top waterproofing layer; for facade membranes: the frame structure or profile elements of the frame structure). The adhesive coating or strips are preferably suitable for application at temperatures down to -20 °C, -10 °C, -8 °C, or -5 °C.

[0046] To protect the adhesive coating or adhesive strips, the adhesive can be fully or almost fully covered with a liner or protective cover, which can be removed for laying the roofing membrane or facade membrane.

[0047] For example, the protective cover is made of paper, polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or a combination of these materials. Preferably, the protective cover is siliconized. For example, the protective cover consists of siliconized PE. This prevents the protective cover from sticking to the adhesive coating or adhesive strips, thus making it easier to remove the protective cover during installation.

[0048] Preferably, the roofing membrane or facade membrane is in a sheet-like form. The roofing membrane or facade membrane can have a sheet width of at least 100 cm, 110 cm, 120 cm, 140 cm, or 150 cm and / or a sheet length in the range of 10 m to 20 m, 10 m to 14 m, 13 m to 17 m, or 16 m to 20 m, with a sheet length of approximately 15 m being particularly preferred. The sheet-like design allows the roofing membrane or facade membrane to be easily transported and installed as rolled goods. For example, the roofing membrane or facade membrane can be supplied as rolled goods with a width between 0.1 m and 1.5 m. Preferred sheet widths are: 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 110 cm, 120 cm, 125 cm, 140 cm, or 150 cm.

[0049] The individual adjacent layers of the roofing or facade membrane can be joined together in various ways. Bonding, laminating, spraying, fusing, cross-linking, and hot-melt bonding are particularly advantageous. Different methods can also be used to join the individual layers.

[0050] The following is an example of the horizontal installation of a sheet-like roofing membrane, as described above, with a full-surface adhesive coating for fire protection of a flat roof. The roofing membrane can be cut to size before installation or adhered directly from the roll to the substrate to be sealed, in particular an existing top layer of waterproofing membrane on the roof. When installing the roofing membrane, the protective paper is peeled off slowly and evenly downwards while the membrane is carefully adhered to the substrate. Adjacent sheets should overlap by at least 20 mm to ensure a watertight seal. The overlap area must be carefully rolled.

[0051] Furthermore, the vertical installation of a sheet-like facade, as described above, using adhesive strips for fire protection of a facade is described as an example. First, an adhesive or double-sided tape is applied to a frame structure of the facade, in particular to the profile elements of the facade. The facade sheet can be cut to size before installation or adhered directly from the roll to the frame structure, in particular to the profile elements of the frame structure. When installing the facade sheet, the protective paper is slowly and evenly peeled downwards while the sheet is carefully adhered to the profile elements. Preferably, a facade sheet extends from one profile element to an adjacent profile element.

[0052] Adjacent strips should be overlapped by at least 20 mm to ensure a watertight facade membrane. Specifically, adjacent strips are joined by adhering their respective adhesive strips together, creating a tight seal against water penetration. The overlap area must be carefully rolled. Preferably, the overlap area rests on one of the profile elements of the facade's frame structure.

[0053] Furthermore, a roof assembly is provided comprising a roof, in particular a flat roof, and a roofing membrane arranged on the roof as described herein, wherein the roofing membrane is adhered to the roof by means of the adhesive coating. This means that after installation, the support structure faces upwards and / or is arranged facing away from the roof.

[0054] Preferably, the roofing membrane is laid or glued onto an existing uppermost layer of the roof, in particular onto a waterproofing membrane or roofing top layer. Such a waterproofing membrane or roofing top layer preferably seals an underlying insulation layer from above, so that the insulation is protected from external environmental influences, such as rain, by the roofing top layer. After installation, the roofing membrane preferably forms the uppermost layer of the roof.

[0055] Furthermore, a facade arrangement is provided comprising a facade, in particular a building facade, and a facade membrane arranged on the facade as described herein, wherein the facade has a frame structure and the facade membrane is glued to or onto the frame structure.

[0056] The frame structure can, for example, be made up of a large number of profile elements, with cavities between the profile elements. These cavities can be filled with insulating material, for example.

[0057] The facade membrane is preferably attached to the frame structure using a separate adhesive or tape. For example, double-sided tape can be applied to the frame structure or the profile elements, and the facade membrane can then be attached to it. Alternatively, a liquid adhesive, for example using cartridges, tube packs, or similar, can be applied to the frame structure or the profile elements, and the facade membrane can then be attached to it.

[0058] The double-sided adhesive tape and the liquid adhesive preferably contain the same adhesive as the adhesive coating or the adhesive strips of the facade membrane, in particular butyl adhesive. Alternatively, silicone adhesive can be used for fastening to the facade.

[0059] Preferably, adjacent facade panels are laid overlapping; particularly preferably, the adhesive strips of the adjacent facade panels are glued together. After installation, the overlapping areas of the adjacent facade panels are preferably arranged on profile elements of the facade's frame structure.

[0060] The facade can be covered on the outside by facade cladding. This means that the facade membrane is preferably arranged between the frame structure and the facade cladding.

[0061] The use of a facade membrane on the facade prevents fire from spreading into the building's interior in the event of a fire on the facade. Additionally, the membrane layer protects the facade from water penetrating from the outside, for example, in the form of driving rain. Furthermore, the facade membrane, and in particular the supporting layers and the membrane layer, allow vapor and moisture to be transported from the building's interior through the facade to the outside via diffusion.

[0062] Furthermore, a surface sealing arrangement with at least two or more than two adjacent sheets of roofing membranes as described herein is provided. Preferably, the sealing arrangement is used to seal a roof, in particular a flat roof, for fire protection.

[0063] Furthermore, a surface sealing system with at least two or more than two adjacent layers of facade membranes, as described herein, is provided. Preferably, this sealing system is used to seal a building facade for fire protection.

[0064] Preferably, adjacent membranes are laid with an overlap at their edges in the flat sealing arrangements, particularly with an overlap area of ​​at least 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 70 mm or 90 mm, and / or particularly with an overlap area of ​​at most 120 mm, 100 mm, or 80 mm. For example, the adhesive strips of adjacent roofing membranes or facade membranes can be at least partially glued together.

[0065] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to figures. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic, not to scale, side sectional view of a roofing membrane, Fig. 2 a side sectional view of a flat roof arrangement with a flat roof and the roofing membrane made of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a schematic, not to scale, side sectional view of a facade membrane, Fig. 4 a front view of a facade arrangement with a facade and the facade membrane made of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 a sectional view of the facade arrangement from Fig. 4 along the intersection line AA, and Fig. 6 a schematic perspective view of the facade arrangement from Fig. 5.

[0066] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic, not-to-scale, side sectional view of a roofing membrane 2. The roofing membrane 2 has a carrier layer 4 with at least one woven and / or nonwoven layer, and an adhesive coating 6 bonded to the carrier layer 4. The adhesive coating 6 contains flame-retardant additives 8. The flame-retardant additives 8 can, for example, include one or more of the following: graphite, in particular expanded graphite (EG), ammonium phosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), and / or aluminum trihydrate (ATH). Thus, the roofing membrane 2 can be used as reliable protection against fire spread on a roof.

[0067] Preferably, the support layer 4 is also flame-retardant. The roofing membrane 2 preferably has fire protection class A2, and especially preferably fire protection class A2-s1 d0.

[0068] For transport and protection of the adhesive coating 6, a protective cover (not shown), such as a protective paper, is preferably arranged on the adhesive coating 6, which can be peeled off the roofing membrane 2 for installation.

[0069] Preferably, the roofing membrane 2 is designed in a strip-like form. To connect the individual strips of the roofing membrane 2, adjacent strips are preferably laid overlapping, for example by 2-3 cm.

[0070] For example, the roofing membrane 2 can have the following structure: - a carrier layer 4 with a fabric layer: basis weight in a range of 180 to 220 g / m² 2 , - an adhesive coating 6: made of butyl adhesive with a thickness of approx. 0.3 mm, with flame-retardant additives with a total amount of 20-30 wt%, - a protective cover (not shown): made of siliconized polyethylene, and - one lane width x length: 1.25 m x 15 m.

[0071] The adhesive coating 6 of the roofing membrane 2 is in Fig. 1 applied as a full-surface adhesive coating on the carrier layer 4. Alternatively, it can be designed as a full-surface adhesive coating, and similarly to the facade membrane 22 in Fig. 3. The adhesive coating of the roofing membrane 2 can have or be formed by a first and optionally a second adhesive strip, wherein the first adhesive strip is arranged or applied in a first end area on a first side of the carrier layer 4 and optionally the second adhesive strip is arranged or applied in an opposite second end area on an opposite second side of the carrier layer 4 (cf. adhesive strips 7a and 7b of the facade membrane 22). Fig. 3) Each of these adhesive strips preferably extends over the entire length or substantially over the entire length of the sheet-shaped roofing membrane 2. The adhesive strips can have a width of 2 to 3 cm in the width or transverse direction of the sheet-shaped roofing membrane 2.

[0072] When using adhesive strips, adjacent roofing membranes 2 are laid overlapping so that the respective adhesive strips (not shown) lie on top of each other. This creates a very strong and fast 'adhesive-to-adhesive' bond. To tightly connect the end edges of the membrane 2, the abutting end edges of adjacent membranes are overlapped by approximately 5 cm during installation. The long edges can then be covered with adhesive tape to create a vapor-tight and moisture-proof seal between the membranes. The adhesive tape has a width of, for example, 60-120 mm.

[0073] Fig. Figure 2 shows a side sectional view of a flat roof arrangement 10 with a flat roof and the roofing membrane 2 made of Fig. 1. The roofing membrane 2 is laid on an existing uppermost waterproofing membrane or top layer membrane 20 of the roof. The roof may have a flat roof support 12 and optionally a trapezoidal sheet metal 14 arranged on the flat roof support 12. A damp-proof course 16 may be laid on the trapezoidal sheet metal 14. Insulation 18 may be laid above the trapezoidal sheet metal 14 or on the damp-proof course 16, with the insulation 18 being sealed at the top by the waterproofing membrane 20. The damp-proof course 16 arranged under the insulation 18 prevents moisture from penetrating upwards from below (or from the building interior) into the insulation 18.

[0074] The following is an example of how to install a sheet-like roofing membrane 2, as described above, which improves fire protection on the roof, on a flat roof. The sheet-like roofing membrane 2 can be cut to size before installation for easier handling. Alternatively, it can be installed directly from the roll.

[0075] The protective film of the adhesive coating 6 of the roofing membrane 2 is removed during installation on the uppermost existing waterproofing membrane 20, and the roofing membrane 2 is pressed onto the waterproofing membrane 20 using the adhesive coating 6. Adjacent roofing membranes 2 are preferably laid overlapping (at least 2-3 cm) to ensure a watertight roof. The overlap area must be carefully rolled. Fig. For simplicity, roofing membrane 2 is shown as a continuous membrane.

[0076] Fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic, not-to-scale, side sectional view of a facade membrane 22. The facade membrane 22 has a first carrier layer 24a with at least one first flame-retardant fabric and / or flame-retardant nonwoven layer, a second carrier layer 24b with at least one second flame-retardant fabric and / or flame-retardant nonwoven layer, and a water-impermeable and vapor-permeable membrane layer 26 arranged between the first and second carrier layers 24a, 24b. The membrane layer 26 can, for example, be made of PP and / or PE.

[0077] Thus, applying the facade membrane to a facade can improve fire protection. The membrane layer simultaneously protects against penetrating water from the outside, such as driving rain, and allows the diffusion of moisture or vapor from the building interior to the outside. This counteracts the formation of mold. Preferably, the facade membrane 22 is vapor-permeable and / or has an sd value of sd < 0.5 m.

[0078] The first and second support layers 24a, 24b are preferably identical in design. The facade membrane 22 can have a connecting layer 28a between the first support layer 24a and the membrane layer 26 and / or a second connecting layer 28b between the second support layer 24b and the membrane layer 26. The connecting layers 28a, 28b can, for example, be made of an acrylate adhesive, which is particularly vapor-permeable.

[0079] The facade membrane 22 can have an adhesive coating, wherein the adhesive coating has a first adhesive strip 7a in a first end region on a first side of the first support layer 24a, which faces away from the membrane layer 26, and optionally has a second adhesive strip 7b in an opposite second end region on a opposite second side of the second support layer 24b, which faces away from the membrane layer 26. That is, the first adhesive strip 7a is arranged on a top side of the facade membrane 22 and the second adhesive strip 7b on a bottom side of the facade membrane 22, wherein the adhesive strips 7a, 7b are arranged in opposite end regions of the facade membrane 22.

[0080] The first adhesive strip 7a and optionally the second adhesive strip 7b are preferably made of butyl adhesive. Vapor or moisture from the building interior can diffuse through the vapor-permeable facade membrane 22 (i.e., through the vapor-permeable carrier layers 24a, 24b, the membrane layer 26, and optionally the connecting layers 28a, 28b) in an area between the adhesive strips 7a, 7b and escape to the outside.

[0081] The first adhesive strip 7a and optionally the second adhesive strip 7b preferably have flame-retardant additives 8 such as one or more of the following: graphite, in particular expanded graphite, EG, ammonium phosphate, APP, pentaerythritol, PER, and / or aluminum trihydrate, ATH. Preferably, the facade membrane 22, in particular the first and second carrier layers 24a, 24b and the adhesive strips 7a, 7b, has fire protection class A2, particularly preferably fire protection class A2-s1 d0.

[0082] Preferably, the facade membrane 22 is designed in a strip-like form. To connect the individual strips of the facade membrane 22, adjacent strips are preferably laid overlapping, for example by 2-3 cm.

[0083] For example, the facade membrane 22 can have the following structure: - a first carrier layer 24a with a fabric layer: basis weight in a range of 180 to 220 g / m² 2 , - a first bonding layer 28a: made of a diffusion-open acrylate adhesive, basis weight 10 g / m² 2 , - one membrane layer 26: made of PP and / or PE, thickness of 30 to 50 µm, - a second bonding layer 28b: made of a diffusion-open acrylate adhesive, basis weight 10 g / m² 2 , - a second carrier layer 24b with a fabric layer: basis weight in a range of 180 to 220 g / m² 2 , - Adhesive strips 7a, 7b: made of butyl adhesive with a thickness of approx. 0.3 mm, with flame-retardant additives with a total amount of 20-30 wt%, - a protective cover (not shown) on the adhesive strips 7a, 7b: made of siliconized polyethylene, - Track width x length: 1.25 m x 15 m.

[0084] Fig. Figure 4 shows a front view of a facade arrangement 30 with a facade and two facade panels 22 laid side by side. Fig. 1. Fig. Figure 5 shows a sectional view of the facade arrangement 30. Fig. 4 along the intersection line AA, and Fig. 6 a schematic perspective view of the facade arrangement 30 from Fig. 5.

[0085] As in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 to Fig. As can be seen in Figure 6, the facade preferably has a frame structure 32, wherein the frame structure 32 is formed, for example, from a plurality of profile elements 34 (a plurality of horizontally and vertically arranged profile elements). Cavities 36 may be present between the profile elements 34, which may, for example, be filled with insulation 38 – see Figure 6. Fig. 5. In Fig. 4 and Fig. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, the insulation 38 is not shown in Figure 6. The frame structure 32 is preferably arranged in front of or outside a masonry wall 42 and, in particular, is mounted on the masonry wall 42 – see Figure 6. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. In Fig. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, the masonry 42 is not shown in Figure 4.

[0086] Based on the Fig. 4, Fig. 5 to Fig. Section 6 below describes, by way of example, the installation of a sheet-like facade membrane 2, as described above, on a facade to improve fire protection. The sheet-like facade membrane 22 can be cut to size before installation for easier handling. Alternatively, it can be installed directly from the roll.

[0087] To attach the facade membrane 22 to the facade, a liquid adhesive, for example using tube packs or cartridges, or a double-sided adhesive tape is first applied along the profile elements 34 of the frame structure 32. The liquid adhesive or the adhesive tape is preferably made of or is butyl adhesive. Alternatively, a silicone adhesive or similar can be used. Preferably, the adhesive applied to the frame structure 32 for mounting the facade membranes 22 is identical to the adhesive of the adhesive strips 7a, 7b of the facade membrane 22.

[0088] The protective film (not shown) is then removed from the adhesive strips 7a, 7b of the facade membrane 22 for installation on the frame structure 32, and the facade membrane 22 is pressed onto the frame structure 32 or the profile elements 34. Adjacent membranes are joined using the adhesive strips 7a, 7b (see Fig. 3. Adhesive strips are in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 to Fig. 6 (not shown for simplicity) laid overlapping (at least 3 cm overlap) to create a waterproof, continuous facade membrane. The overlap area 39 should be carefully rolled. Preferably, and as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the overlap areas 39 of the adjacent facade panels 22 are arranged on the profile elements 34 of the frame structure 32 or in the area of ​​the profile elements 34. In particular, the adhesive strips 7a, 7b of adjacent panels are glued together to ensure the watertightness of the facade panel 22. In the Fig. 4 and Fig. Figure 6 shows two adjacent facade panels 22 as examples.

[0089] As in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 5, a facade cladding 40 is preferably arranged in front of the facade cladding 22 after the facade cladding 22 has been installed, forming an outer surface of the facade. Fig. 4 and Fig. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, the facade cladding 40 is not shown in Figure 6. Reference symbol list 2 Roofing membrane 4, 24a, 24b (first / second) support layer with fabric and / or nonwoven layer 6 Adhesive coating 7a, 7b adhesive strips 8 flame-retardant additives 10 Flat roof arrangement 12 flat roof beams 14 Trapezoidal sheet metal 16 Damp-proof course 18 Insulation 20 Top layer track 22 facade membrane 26 Membrane layer 28a, 28b first / second connection layer 30 facade arrangement 32 Frame structure 34 Profile element 36 cavity 38 Insulation 39 Overlap area 40 facade cladding 42 Masonry

Claims

[1] Roofing membrane (2) comprising for fire protection of a roof, in particular a flat roof: a support layer (4) comprising at least one woven and / or nonwoven layer, and an adhesive coating (6) connected to the carrier layer (4), wherein the adhesive coating (6) has flame-retardant additives (8). [2] Roofing membrane according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive coating (6) is designed as a full-surface adhesive coating on the substrate layer (4), or wherein the adhesive coating (6) has a first adhesive strip in a first end area on a first side of the carrier layer (4) and optionally has a second adhesive strip in an opposite second end area on a opposite second side of the carrier layer (4). [3] Facade membrane (22) for fire protection in a facade, comprising: a first support layer (24a) with at least one first flame-retardant fabric and / or flame-retardant nonwoven layer, a second carrier layer (24b) with at least one second flame-retardant fabric and / or flame-retardant nonwoven layer, and a water-impermeable and diffusion-open membrane layer (26) arranged between the first and second support layers (24a, 24b). [4] Facade membrane according to claim 3, wherein the membrane layer (26) is made of plastic, in particular polypropylene, PP, and / or polyethylene, PE, and / or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, and / or wherein the membrane layer (26) is formed as a monolithic or microporous membrane. [5] Facade membrane according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the membrane layer (26) has a thickness in the range of 10 to 70 µm, 20 to 60 µm or 30 to 50 µm. [6] Facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the facade membrane (22) has a first connecting layer (28a) between the first support layer (24a) and the membrane layer (26) and / or a second connecting layer (28b) between the second support layer (24b) and the membrane layer (26). [7] Facade membrane according to claim 6, wherein the first and / or second bonding layer (28a, 28b) is formed from an acrylate adhesive, wherein the acrylate adhesive is in particular diffusion-open. [8] Facade membrane according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first and / or second bonding layer (28a, 28b) each has a basis weight in the range of 10 to 100 g / m² 2 , 10 to 80 g / m² 2 , 10 to 50 g / m² 2 or a basis weight of or substantially of 10 g / m² 2 exhibits. [9] Facade membrane according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the facade membrane (22) is diffusion-open and / or has an sd value of sd < 0.5 m. [10] Facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the facade membrane (22) has an adhesive coating (7a, 7b), wherein the adhesive coating preferably has a first adhesive strip (7a) in a first end region on a first side of the first carrier layer (24a) facing away from the membrane layer (26) and optionally has a second adhesive strip (7b) in an opposite second end region on a opposite second side of the second carrier layer (24b) facing away from the membrane layer (26), and wherein preferably the adhesive coating (7a, 7b), in particular the first adhesive strip (7a) and optionally the second adhesive strip (7b), has or have flame-retardant additives (8). [11] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1 or 2 or facade membrane according to claim 10, wherein the adhesive coating (6) or the adhesive strips (7a, 7b) comprises one or more of the following as flame-retardant additives: graphite, in particular expanded graphite, EG, ammonium phosphate, APP, pentaerythritol, PER, and / or aluminium trihydrate, ATH. [12] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 or facade membrane according to one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the adhesive coating (6) or the adhesive strips (7a, 7b) is or are formed of butyl adhesive, acrylate adhesive or hot melt adhesive, and in particular the butyl adhesive contains butyl rubber and / or polyisobutylene. [13] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2, 11 or 12 or facade membrane according to one of claims 10, 11 or 12, wherein the total amount of the flame-retardant additives (8) is in a range of 10 to 40 wt%, 10 to 20 wt%, 15 to 25 wt%, 20 to 30 wt%, 25 to 35 wt% or 30 to 40 wt%. [14] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 13 or facade membrane according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the adhesive coating (6) or the adhesive strips (7a, 7b) has or have a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm, 0.1 to 1.5 mm, 0.1 to 1.0 mm, 0.1 to 0.5 mm or preferably a thickness of or substantially of 0.3 mm. [15] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 14 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 14, wherein the roofing membrane (2) and / or facade membrane (22), in particular the adhesive coating (6) or adhesive strips (7a, 7b) and / or the carrier layer (4), in particular the first and / or second carrier layer (24a, 24b): temperature resistant in a range of -20 to 200 °C, -15 to 160 °C or -10 to 120 °C, and / or is / are non-combustible and / or meets / meets DIN 4102, and preferably has fire protection class A2, especially preferably fire protection class A2-s1 d0. [16] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 15 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 15, wherein the fabric layer, in particular the first and / or second fabric layer, has a basis weight in the range of 100 to 500 g / m² 2 , 120 to 400 g / m² 2 , 140 to 300 g / m² 2 , 160 to 250 g / m² 2 or 180 to 220 g / m² 2 exhibits. [17] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 16 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 16, wherein the fabric layer, in particular the first and / or second fabric layer, is a fabric layer made of or containing glass fiber, in particular technical textile glass, and is preferably designed as a glass silk fabric. [18] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 17 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 17, wherein the fabric layer, in particular the first and / or second fabric layer, comprises: a thread density in the longitudinal direction (warp threads) in the range of 10 to 24 threads / cm, 13 to 21 threads / cm or 16 to 18 threads / cm, preferably of or substantially of 17 threads / cm, and / or a thread density in the transverse direction (weft threads) in the range of 4 to 18 threads / cm, 7 to 15 threads / cm or 10 to 12 threads / cm, preferably of or substantially of 11 threads / cm. [19] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 18 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 18, wherein the fleece layer, in particular the first and / or second fleece layer, comprises mineral wool and is in particular designed as basalt fleece. [20] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 19 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 19, wherein the nonwoven layer, in particular the first and / or second nonwoven layer, has a basis weight in the range of 50 to 200 g / m² 2 , 60 to 180 g / m² 2 , 70 to 160 g / m² 2 or 80 to 140 g / m² 2 exhibits. [21] Roofing membrane according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 20, if dependent on claim 2, or facade membrane according to any one of claims 3 to 20, if dependent on claim 10, wherein each adhesive strip (7a, 7b) extends over the entire length or substantially over the entire length of the sheet-like roofing membrane (2) or facade membrane (22), and / or wherein each adhesive strip (7a, 7b) extends in the width or transverse direction of the sheet-shaped roofing membrane (2) or facade membrane (22) over 2 cm to 8 cm, preferably over 2 cm to 6 cm, particularly preferably 3 cm to 5 cm. [22] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 21 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 21, if dependent on claim 10, wherein the adhesive coating (6) or the adhesive strips (7a, 7b) are cold adhesive, and / or wherein the adhesive coating (6) or the adhesive strips (7a, 7b) can be processed down to -10 °C, -8 °C or -5 °C. [23] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 22 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 22, depending on claim 10, wherein the adhesive coating (6) or the adhesive strips (7a, 7b) is / are fully or almost fully covered with a liner or a protective cover which is / are removable for laying the roofing membrane (2) or the facade membrane (22). [24] Roofing membrane according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 23 or facade membrane according to one of claims 3 to 23, wherein the roofing membrane (2) or the facade membrane (22) is designed in a sheet-like form, and wherein preferably the roofing membrane (2) or the facade membrane (22) has a width of at least 100 cm, 110 cm, 120 cm, 140 cm or 150 cm, and / or has a length in the range of 10 m - 20 m, 10 - 14 m, 13 - 17 m or 16 - 20 m, particularly preferably a length of about 15 m. [25] Roof arrangement (10) comprising a roof, in particular a flat roof, and a roofing membrane (2) arranged on the roof according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 24, wherein the roofing membrane (2) is adhered to the roof by means of the adhesive coating (6). [26] Facade arrangement (30) comprising a facade, in particular a building facade, and a facade membrane (22) arranged on the facade according to one of claims 3 to 24, wherein the facade has a frame structure (32) and the facade membrane (22) is glued onto the frame structure (32). [27] Flat sealing arrangement with at least two or with more than two adjacent layers of roofing membranes (2) according to one of claims 1, 2 or 11 to 24. [28] Surface sealing arrangement according to claim 27, wherein the sealing arrangement is used to seal a roof, in particular a flat roof, for fire protection. [29] Flat sealing arrangement with at least two or with more than two adjacent layers of facade membranes (22) according to one of claims 3 to 24. [30] Flat sealing arrangement according to claim 29, wherein the sealing arrangement is used to seal a building facade for fire protection. [31] Flat sealing arrangement according to one of claims 27 to 30, wherein adjacent sheets (2, 22) are laid overlapping in their edge area, in particular with an overlap area of ​​at least 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 70 mm or 90 mm, and / or in particular with an overlap area of ​​at most 120 mm, 100 mm, or 80 mm.

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