Perforating machine
The perforating machine addresses the challenge of processing synthetic leathers and other materials by using a punch unit with a recessed die and adjustable punches, achieving precise and efficient perforation patterns with enhanced design flexibility.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- DE · DE
- Patent Type
- Utility models
- Current Assignee / Owner
- RING MASCHENBAU
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a perforating machine for perforating material units, for example, material webs, material pieces, material sections, and the like. Perforating machines typically have a machine table and a striking element movable relative to it, with a perforating tool to which a die is associated, wherein a material unit to be perforated is guided in its longitudinal direction between the perforating tool and the die.
[0002] From DE 20 2014 104 997 U, a perforating machine is known, comprising a machine table and a striking module movable relative to it, on which a perforating tool with a plurality of punching dies is provided, which interact with a die on the machine table to allow perforation of a material web guided between the perforating tool and the die, wherein the punching dies are held axially movable in a punch holding module in the direction of the die and are each secured at their upper ends by a widening to prevent them from falling out of the punch holding module downwards, wherein a locking element is associated with the punch holding module, which is movably arranged on the striking module transversely to the punching dies in order to move a selected punching die between an activated position, in which a movement of the punching die in the direction of the die takes place in a punching operation, and an inactive position.in which the punch is not moved towards the die.
[0003] From DE 20 2017 103 498 U1, a perforating machine is known in which the perforating tool, together with the punches and the die, is movable transversely to a feed direction of the material web to be perforated in order to effect a defined transverse offset. This also increases the design freedom in perforation.
[0004] From DE 10 2017 121 985 B3, a perforating machine is known in which the perforating tool has several groups of punches arranged side by side and one behind the other, wherein the punches of a group can be activated individually. This also increases the design freedom, for example with regard to the possible perforation diameters, if the punches of a group have different diameters.
[0005] Perforating machines create perforation / punching patterns in flat materials. These materials can include, for example, leather, imitation leather, leatherette based on synthetic or natural raw materials, plastic sheets, fabrics, paper, cardboard, films, and similar materials. Perforating machines as described in this disclosure are not typically used for punching / perforating metal sheets. The perforation patterns can serve functional and / or aesthetic purposes. The material sheets to be perforated can, for example, be moved and processed together with a carrier material (usually backing paper). Applications for perforating material sheets without such carrier sheets are also conceivable. It is also conceivable to clamp the materials to be perforated in frames and move them together with the frame relative to the perforating tool. Processing material units other than material sheets is also conceivable.
[0006] A common application for perforating machines is the perforation of leather, for example, for the production of car seats. Leather is animal hide that has been preserved through tanning. In various markets, there is a trend toward materials of non-animal origin. This includes, for example, synthetic leather. Synthetic leather can be plastic-based, for instance, using PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or PUR (polyurethane). A non-woven or woven fabric can serve as the backing material. Furthermore, there are synthetic leathers with so-called bio-based raw material components that are not of animal origin. These synthetic leathers contain plant-based components, but so-called mushroom leather is also known.
[0007] It has been shown that certain synthetic leathers and other materials behave differently than classic leather when perforated. This can affect, for example, the edge quality of the punched holes.
[0008] Against this background, the present disclosure aims to provide a perforating machine with a suitable set of tools, the punches of which allow the processing of a wide variety of materials with high punching quality. The perforation process should require comparatively moderate force. The perforating machine according to the disclosure should ideally be usable for producing individual perforation patterns with a comparatively small hole spacing between adjacent holes in the pattern.
[0009] The perforating machine should allow the production of different patterns with minimal setup time. The perforating machine should be suitable for processing various materials. The perforating machine should be suitable for high-volume production.
[0010] According to a first aspect, the present disclosure relates to a perforating machine for perforating material units, with - a machine frame, - a machining block supported by the machine frame with a tool set, the machining block comprising a holding plate for receiving a punch unit and a base plate for receiving a die, forming a working area with a working width defined by an extension in a transverse direction between a first end and a second end, and movable relative to each other in a punching direction to perforate a unit of material movably guided along a feed direction relative to the machining block between the punch unit and the die, and - a lifting drive to generate an oscillating relative movement between the punch unit and the die in the punching direction, wherein the punch unit has a plurality of punches arranged in a row along the transverse direction, which at their end facing the die have an end face with a circumferential cutting edge surrounding a recess.
[0011] The problem solved by the invention is thus resolved.
[0012] According to the invention, the dies have a recess on their end face following their cutting edge, so that the cutting edge is exposed. This results in improved die-cutting quality and better suitability for a wide variety of materials. The material can be processed with less force. The perforations can be produced precisely, enabling denser patterns with smaller distances between adjacent holes. Furthermore, patterns consisting of perforations with comparatively large hole diameters and small distances between adjacent holes are possible.
[0013] A perforating machine equipped according to the disclosure is suitable, for example, for processing artificial leather. It is also suitable for other materials. In particular, the present disclosure relates to the processing of non-metallic material units. In exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure relates to perforating machines for processing planar, textile, and at least partially flexible materials. This can include various types of artificial leather used for vehicle seats and similar upholstery.
[0014] The dies are typically made from steel materials, such as tool steel. The indentations can be created by machining. Other manufacturing processes are conceivable, such as electrochemical machining (EDM), laser machining, or similar methods.
[0015] In one exemplary embodiment, the recess is designed as a concave cutout. Consequently, the recess can comprise a curved concave surface. The recess can be created, for example, by material removal, such as milling or grinding.
[0016] According to another exemplary embodiment, the recess is hemispherical or segment-shaped. It is understood that other designs are also conceivable, such as an embossed polygonal profile or an embossed pyramid (triangular, quadrilateral, or the like). The recess can also be created in this way.
[0017] According to another exemplary embodiment, the punches have a cylindrical outer circumference in the area of the end facing the die. In this way, adjacent punches can be arranged close together to produce perforations that are positioned close to each other simultaneously.
[0018] According to another exemplary embodiment, the cutting edge extends in a ring shape around the recess. In other words, according to this embodiment, the cutting edge runs continuously around the recess.
[0019] In another exemplary embodiment, the cutting edge runs along the outer circumference of the punch or in its immediate vicinity. According to this embodiment, there is no countersink or conical surface outside the cutting edge. The cutting edge is located directly on the outer circumference. This also ensures that the material can be cut precisely.
[0020] According to another exemplary embodiment, the cutting edge extends continuously in one plane. This plane is orthogonal to the punching direction. This design also contributes to precise punching processes with an accurately shaped punching edge.
[0021] According to another exemplary embodiment, the punches have a diameter of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm in the area of the cutting edge, in particular a diameter of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm. In this way, the punches can be used to produce delicate perforations.
[0022] According to another exemplary embodiment, the distance between two adjacent punches is a maximum of 2.0 mm, preferably a maximum of 1.5 mm, and more preferably a maximum of 1.0 mm. In this way, patterns with a high perforation density can be produced. This is possible, firstly, because the holes are produced with high precision and sharp edges. Secondly, the fact that the punches can be arranged relatively close together with a small gap in the punch unit also contributes to this.
[0023] According to another exemplary implementation, at least some of the stamps in a series can be defined and activated or deactivated. In this way, a wide variety of patterns can be generated by selectively activating or deactivating individual or multiple stamps. The degree of design freedom increases significantly. Different patterns can be created with one and the same set of tools without requiring time-consuming reconfiguration.
[0024] According to another exemplary embodiment, the punch unit has several rows of punches, the rows being arranged one behind the other in the feed direction. The punches arranged one behind the other can form a column and be, for example, aligned (i.e., in the same position in the transverse direction) or offset from each other (i.e., offset in the transverse direction).
[0025] For example, this design includes an arrangement of three to five rows, positioned one behind the other in the feed direction. For instance, the punches in the different rows have different cross-sections / diameters. In this way, different holes can be produced without requiring any retooling.
[0026] According to another exemplary embodiment, punches arranged one behind the other in the feed direction form a punch group, within which at least one punch can be defined and activated or deactivated. In this way, it is possible to specifically define which row should provide the currently active punch with which the actual punching is performed. This also increases the design freedom for the perforation pattern to be generated.
[0027] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least one row has at least 30 stamps, preferably at least 50 stamps, and more preferably at least 70 stamps, which are arranged in a transverse order. The stamps can be positioned relatively close together with a small gap. Designs with a significantly higher (three-digit) number of stamps are also conceivable.
[0028] According to another exemplary embodiment, the perforating machine also features a transverse drive for generating a transverse movement of the tool set in the transverse direction. The transverse drive can generate an oscillating transverse movement. The movement of the tool set in the transverse direction occurs relative to the material unit. In this way, a transverse offset between successive perforations in the processed material unit can be created. This also further increases the pattern variety.
[0029] According to another exemplary embodiment, the machining block provides an interface for tool changes, specifically at the holding plate for exchanging the punch unit and at the base plate for exchanging the die. Such an interface forms a defined tool-changing interface, allowing different tool sets to be used and changed with comparatively little effort. This enables the perforating machine to be adapted for a wide variety of tasks.
[0030] According to another exemplary embodiment, the perforating machine serves to perforate material units in the form of planar, flexible materials with or without a backing material, wherein the perforating machine further comprises a feeding unit for material supply. Applications are known in which the material unit to be processed includes a backing material (for example, backing paper). Applications are also known in which the material unit to be processed is processed directly (without a backing material).
[0031] According to another exemplary embodiment, the perforating machine also includes a discharge unit for removing perforated material units, wherein at least the feed unit or the discharge unit comprises a roller for material intake or discharge. In this way, material webs can be processed. A very high throughput and high processing capacity can be achieved with comparatively low handling effort. Both the input material and the perforated material can be held and transferred in roll form.
[0032] According to another exemplary embodiment, the perforating machine further comprises one (or more) receiving frames for holding a unit of material, with the feeding unit effecting the movement of the receiving frame at least in the feed direction. In other words, material units can be processed for which no processing "from the roll" is intended. Material with comparatively small dimensions can be clamped in a frame and fed to the working area of the perforating machine together with the frame. The use of a receiving frame simplifies automated handling in the perforating machine.
[0033] The mounting frame can be designed as an interchangeable frame, enabling high throughput through the perforating machine with multiple mounting frames. A support for the mounting frame is provided on the machine frame as an example. The frame can thus be actively moved by any drives (e.g., a feeding unit, but also a transverse drive is conceivable) to apply the perforation pattern to the material unit.
[0034] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without leaving the scope of this disclosure.
[0035] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and explanation of several exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. These show: Fig. 1: A perspective view of a perforating machine with feed unit and discharge unit; Fig. 2: a schematic, cutaway partial view of a stamping unit with a plurality of stamps arranged in a row; Fig. 3: an enlarged partial view of a punch for perforating a unit of material resting on a die; Fig. 4: one on Fig. 3-based section view; Fig. 5: a schematic top view of a perforating machine designed to perforate a unit of material held on a receiving frame; Fig. 6: A partially cut-away, enlarged side view of a processing block of a perforating machine to illustrate a tool set; Fig. 7: A partially cropped, enlarged side view of a opposite Fig. 6 modified machining blocks of a perforating machine to illustrate a tool set; Fig. 8-10: Enlarged, sectioned partial views of various designs of stamps with end-face indentations.
[0036] Fig. Figure 1 illustrates, using a perspective view, an exemplary design of a perforating machine designated as 10. The perforating machine 10 is used to produce perforations (perforation patterns) in webs of material. The material can be leather, imitation leather, fabrics, plastic sheets, films, paper, web-shaped composite materials, and similar materials. It is not usually metallic material (metal sheets or the like). Perforating machines with dies designed according to the disclosure are particularly suitable for imitation leather and comparable materials of non-animal origin.
[0037] The perforating machine 10 has a machine frame 12 which supports a machining block 14. The machining block 14 comprises a tool set 16. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1. A feed unit 20 with one or more rollers 22 is arranged on a feed side of the perforating machine 10, serving to feed the material. The material to be perforated is fed to a table 24, which is arranged upstream of the tool set 16.
[0038] On the side of the processing block 14 facing away from the feed unit 20 (discharge side), a discharge unit 26 with one or more rollers 28 for material removal is arranged. An arrow labeled 32 defines a feed direction. From the perspective of the processing block 14, for a given feed direction, the feed unit 22 is arranged upstream and the discharge unit 26 downstream. The rollers 22 and 28 of the feed unit 20 and the discharge unit 26 serve to supply and remove material in the form of a web, respectively. In exemplary embodiments, a carrier material is also provided in addition to the web, usually in the form of a carrier paper, which is also available as web material. In alternative embodiments, carrier paper or other carrier material is omitted (so-called paperless perforating). At least some of the rollers 22 and 28 are driven.At least some of the rollers 22, 28 are deflection or guide rollers.
[0039] It is also conceivable to design perforating machines in which feed units 20 and discharge units 26 equipped with rollers 22, 28 are omitted. In such perforating machines, the material to be perforated is secured, for example, in frames or similar support structures, with the handling (e.g., feed movement) then taking place via the frame or support structure. See also Fig. 5 and the accompanying description.
[0040] The material webs to be perforated are guided through the processing block 14 in the feed direction 32. The actual perforation takes place in a punching direction 34, which is usually oriented vertically. A transverse direction 36 is defined orthogonal to the feed direction 32 and orthogonal to the punching direction 34.
[0041] The tool set 16 defines a working area 40 with a working width 42. The working width 42 corresponds to the longitudinal extent of the working area 40 in the transverse direction 36. The working width 42 corresponds to the maximum width of the material web that can be processed with the perforating machine 10.
[0042] The punching motion associated with the perforation in the punching direction 34 is generated by a lifting drive 46, which in the exemplary embodiment has a lifting unit 48 at a first end of the tool set 16 and another lifting unit 50 at a second end of the tool set 16. The two lifting units 48 and 50 are spaced apart from each other by at least the working width 42, usually slightly more than the working width 42. This results in a large guide length.
[0043] In the exemplary embodiment, the lifting units 48, 50 each connect a lower crossbeam 52 and an upper crossbeam 54 of the machining block 14. In the exemplary embodiment, the lower crossbeam 52 is fixedly connected to the machine frame 12. The upper crossbeam 54 is vertically movable in the punching direction 34 in a reciprocating stroke relative to the lower crossbeam 52 or to the machine frame 12, typically between a top dead center and a bottom dead center.
[0044] In the exemplary embodiment, each of the lifting units 48, 50 has two vertically oriented lifting columns 58, 60 that guide the lifting movement in the punching direction 34. In addition to the lifting drive 46, the machining block 14 has a transverse drive 66, which serves to generate a transverse movement of the tool set 16 in the transverse direction 36. A transverse guide unit 68 serves to guide the transverse movement. The movement of the tool set 16 in the transverse direction 36 allows for a corresponding variation of the perforation pattern. In other words, the punches of the tool set 16 (and thus the individual perforations) can be slightly offset incrementally.
[0045] In Fig. Figure 1 further shows a control device designated 72, which serves to control the perforating machine 10. By way of example, the control device 72 is designed to synchronize the movement of the material web to be perforated in the feed direction 32 with the movement of the tool set 16 (or one punch unit thereof) in the punching direction 34 and the movement of the tool set 16 in the transverse direction 36, so that the desired perforation pattern is produced on the material web. The control device 72 can also be used to control other functions of the perforating machine. This includes, for example, the targeted activation and deactivation of individual or multiple punches of the tool set 16.
[0046] Fig. Figure 2 shows an enlarged sectioned partial view of a machining block 14. The view orientation is given by the arrows 34 (punching direction) and 36 (cross direction).
[0047] The machining block 14 has a base plate 76 and a retaining plate 78, which are arranged opposite each other. In the exemplary embodiment, the retaining plate 78 is arranged above the base plate 76 and spaced apart from it. The retaining plate 78 is moved in the punching direction 34 by the stroke drive 46 ( Fig. 1) movable relative to the base plate 76.
[0048] The machining block 14 thus provides an interface for receiving the tool set 16. In exemplary embodiments, the tool set 16 is interchangeable in order to be able to reconfigure the perforating machine 10 between different machining tasks.
[0049] The tool set 16 comprises a punch unit 92 with a plurality of punches 94 arranged in a row 96. The punches 94 are held, for example, by a punch plate on the holding plate 78 in order to be moved with it in the punching direction 34.
[0050] A die 98 is arranged on the base plate 76, which is adapted to the punches 94 of the punching unit 92. During processing, material units 88, for example in the form of material webs 90, are arranged on the die 98 to be perforated from above by the punches 94 of the punching unit 92. During the perforation process, the (active) punches 94 plunge into the die 98. In this way, holes are punched into the material unit 88.
[0051] The row 96 can comprise a plurality or multiple of punches 94. This can include several dozen punches 94; even a three-digit number of punches 94 in a row 96 is conceivable. In this way, material units 88 with a width (extent in the transverse direction 36) of over 1.0 m, over 2.0 m, or even wider material units 88 can be processed. Fig. 2 indicates a distance of 100 between two adjacent stamps 94. The distance 100 should be as small as possible to allow for closely spaced perforations 108 (see also Fig. 4) to produce in the material unit 88.
[0052] Fig. Figure 3 shows an enlarged partial view of a punch 94 in the area of its end 102, which faces the die 98. There, the punch 94 forms a front face 104. According to the disclosure, the front face 104 has a recess 106, which adjoins the circumferential cutting edge 108. Fig. Figure 4 shows a supplementary illustration in which the stamp 94 has been cut and the material unit 88 has been perforated.
[0053] The recess 106 is designed as a concave recess, for example as a hemispherical or segment-shaped recess. The cutting edge 108 runs circularly directly at the outer circumference 112 of the punch 94 in the region of its end 102. In the exemplary embodiment, the cutting edge 108 runs along a diameter that essentially corresponds to the diameter 114 of the outer circumference 112 of the punch 94 in the region of its end 102. This ensures a smooth cut during punching; the perforation 108 in the material unit 88 can be produced precisely and accurately, particularly in the region of its edge facing the face 104.
[0054] A tool set 16, equipped with appropriate punches 94, is suitable for processing artificial leather and comparable material units 88.
[0055] Fig. 5 illustrates in addition to Fig. 1. An embodiment of a perforating machine 10 in which the feeding and removal of the material units 88 is not via rollers (compare the rollers 22 and 28 in Fig. 1) is done. Instead, the material unit 88 is clamped in a holding frame 120, for example by means of a plurality of clamping elements 122. In this way, the material unit 88 can be moved indirectly on the table 24 of the perforating machine 10 by moving the holding frame 120. This simplifies the processing of material units 88 with limited extent in the feed direction 32.
[0056] The feed movement (compare feed direction 32) can be accomplished by a longitudinal drive 124 of the feeding unit 20, which acts on the receiving frame 120. If necessary, a movement in the transverse direction 36 can also be accomplished by the drive 66. The design of the perforating machine 10 according to Fig. 5 does not require an additional roller-based removal unit 26 (compare Fig. 1) The material unit 88 is already held under sufficient tension by the receiving frame 120 in the feed direction 32 (and in the transverse direction 36).
[0057] With reference to Fig. 6 shows an exemplary design of a processing block 14 of a perforating machine 10 ( Fig. 1) Illustrated in a side view orientation. The machining block 14 has a base plate 76 and a retaining plate 78, between which the tool set 16 is arranged. The machining block 14 provides corresponding interfaces on the base plate 76 and the retaining plate 78 to allow for easy tool set changes. The base plate 76 carries the die 78. The punch unit 92 (or at least its punch plate 170) is attached to the retaining plate 78.
[0058] In the exemplary embodiment, individual stamps 94 of the stamp unit 92 can be selectively activated and deactivated in the working area 40. The stamp unit 92 comprises a stamp plate 170, which has several (in the view orientation according to Fig. The die plate 170 has six seats 172 arranged in a row for the punches 94. The punches 94 are secured against falling out of the die plate 170, for example, by a punch head 174. The punch head 174 faces the retaining plate. The die plate 170 is connected to the retaining plate 78 for movement in the punching direction 34 relative to the die 98.
[0059] The punch unit 92 also includes a punch guide 178, which is not connected to the retaining plate 78 for movement in the punching direction 34 relative to the die 98. For example, each punch 94 is assigned a punch guide 178. In other words, the punch guide 178 is not necessarily moved in the punching direction 34 when the punch plate 170 with the punches 94 is moved in the punching direction 34. A guide opening 180 for the punch 94 is formed in the die 98 directly below the material web 90 to be perforated. For example, each punch 94 of the punch unit 92 is assigned a guide opening 180 in the die 98. This ensures precise punch edges during perforation.
[0060] For the targeted (individual) activation and deactivation of the stamps 94, an activation unit 190 is used, which has a number of bars 192 adapted to the number of stamps 94 to be controlled. In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. Each of the following uses a locking bar 192 to activate / deactivate a punch 94 of the punch unit 92: The locking bars 192 are movable in a travel direction 194 that is oriented parallel to the feed direction 32. In the exemplary embodiment, the locking bars 192 are arranged between the retaining plate 78 and the punch plate 170. The locking bars 192 have a recess 196 and a hold-down device 198 for the punch 94. Depending on the position of the locking bar 192 (activation position or deactivation position) in the travel direction 194, either the recess 196 or the hold-down device 198 (as shown in Figure 6) is engaged. Fig. (shown in 6) arranged above the seat 172 in the stamp plate 170 for the stamp 94. Fig. Figure 6 shows the activation position of bolt 192.
[0061] In the Fig. In the position shown in Figure 6, the punch 94 is activated. When the punch unit 92 moves in the punching direction 34, the punch 94 is also carried along to perforate the material web 90 together with the die 98. However, if the bar 170 is moved in the travel direction 194 such that the clearance recess 196 is positioned above the seat 172, the punch 94 with its punch head 174 can be moved vertically (upwards) relative to the punch plate 170, thus preventing any engagement with the material web 90 when the punch unit 92 moves in the punching direction 34. The movement of the punch 94 relative to the punch plate 170, i.e. the entry into the clearance recess 196, can be effected in the deactivation position of the latch 192 by holding the punch 94 in place when the punch unit 92 with the punch plate 170 moves downwards in the punching direction 34 towards the die 98.
[0062] The bolt 192 is actuated by an actuator 200, which in this embodiment is designed as a double-acting pneumatic cylinder. The actuator 200 has one or more connections 204 for fluid supply (for example, compressed air). The actuator 200 has an extendable rod 202, which is coupled to the bolt 192 for moving the bolt 192 in the direction of travel 194. In this embodiment, a stop 208 is also provided, which limits the movement of the bolt 192 away from the actuator 200.
[0063] A retaining element 210, designed, for example, as a brake element, serves to hold the punch 94 in the deactivation position of the bar 170. The retaining element 210 prevents the punch 94 from being carried along towards the material web 90 when the bar 170 is in the deactivation position. The retaining element 210 is arranged, for example, in the punch guide 178, which is not moved vertically together with the punch plate 170.
[0064] In the exemplary embodiment, the retaining element 210 acts frictionally on the bolt 94. In this way, the plunger 94 can be held in the activation position of the bolt 192 (in Fig. (as shown in Figure 6) in the punching direction 34 relative to the holding element 210. Any frictional forces can be overcome. When the latch 192 is moved from the activation position to the deactivation position, the punch 94 is held by the holding element 210, while the punch plate 170 is moved from an upper dead center towards a lower dead center in the punching direction 34. The punch head 174 can then move from the seat 172 of the punch plate 170 into the clearance recess 196, whereby the punch plate 170 is actively moved downwards (and not the punch 94 actively upwards) for this purpose.
[0065] The movement of the locking bar 192 from the deactivation position to the activation position occurs, for example, at an upper dead center of the movement of the retaining plate 78 in the punching direction 34. The control device (compare reference numeral 72 in Fig. 1) Synchronizes and coordinates the movement of actuator 200 with the other drives of the perforating machine 10. With the in Fig. In the 6 shown configurations, individual stamps 94 can be specifically deactivated.
[0066] With reference to Fig. 7 will be another exemplary embodiment of a processing block 214 of a perforating machine 10 ( Fig. 1) illustrated. Regarding the basic functionality, please refer to the preceding explanations in connection with the Fig. References are made to 1-6. The design of processing block 214 according to Fig. 7 extends the functionality of the design of the editing block 14 according to Fig. 6. Therefore, the following discussion will primarily focus on differences in design according to Fig. 7 compared to the design according to Fig. 6 received.
[0067] The machining block 214 comprises a tool set 216, which is arranged in the machining block 214 via a base plate 76 and a retaining plate 78 in the manner already described above. The tool set 216 comprises a punch unit 292 and a die 298 adapted to the punch unit 292. The punch unit 292 has, in the side view according to Fig. 7 four consecutive rows of punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4, which are arranged in the working area 40 where the perforation takes place.
[0068] The dies 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 can have different designs, for example, with regard to their diameter and / or their cross-sectional profile. The in Fig. The seven punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 shown form a punch group 296. The punch group 296 is thus formed by one punch 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 each from the rows, namely by the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 which are arranged one behind the other in the feed direction 32.
[0069] The punch unit 292 has a punch plate 370 connected to the retaining plate 78. The punch plate 370 has seats 372 for the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, and 294-4. The punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, and 294-4 have punch heads 374 that secure them in the seats 372 against falling downwards towards the die 298. The punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, and 294-4 can be moved vertically in the punching direction 34 relative to the punch plate 370 within the seats 372. The punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 can be moved upwards relative to the punch plate 370 towards the retaining plate 78 if there is space for the punch heads 374 above the punch plate 370.
[0070] The punch unit 292 also includes a punch guide 378, which is not connected to the retaining plate 78 for movement in the punching direction 34 relative to the die 298. For example, each of the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 is assigned a punch guide 378. In other words, the punch guide 378 is not moved in the punching direction 34 when the punch plate 370 with the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 is moved in the punching direction 34. In the die 298, guide openings 380 for the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 are formed directly below the material web 90 to be perforated. For example, each of the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 of the punch unit 292 in the die 298 is assigned a guide opening 380. This ensures precise punched edges during perforation.
[0071] Editing block 214 extends the functionality of the in Fig. The processing block 14 shown in Figure 6 allows for the targeted activation of individual stamps 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, and 294-4 within stamp group 296. This means that one of the stamps 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, or 294-4 can be specifically selected and activated to process the material web 90. It is also possible to deactivate all stamps 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, and 294-4 within stamp group 296 if desired.
[0072] For the targeted (individual) activation and deactivation of the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4, an activation unit 390 is used, which has a number of bars 392 adapted to the number of punch groups 296 to be controlled. In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. Each of the following uses a locking bar 392 to activate / deactivate the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 of the punch group 296 of the punch unit 92, whereby in the exemplary embodiment only one of the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 can be active at any one time. The locking bars 392 are movable in a travel direction 394 which is oriented parallel to the feed direction 32.
[0073] In the exemplary embodiment, the locking bars 392 are arranged between the retaining plate 78 and the punch plate 370. The locking bars 392 have one or more recesses 396 and a hold-down device 398 for the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4. Depending on the position of the locking bar 392 (activation position or deactivation position) in the direction of travel 394, either the recess 396 or the hold-down device 398 is arranged above the seats 372 in the punch plate 370 for the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4. Fig. Figure 7 shows a position of the bolt 392 in which the punch 294-2 is activated (engagement configuration). The other punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-4 are deactivated (out-of-engagement configuration).
[0074] An actuator 400, designed in this embodiment as a double-acting actuator, specifically a double-acting pneumatic actuator, is used to move the bolt 392. The actuator 400 has an extendable rod 402 and one or more connections 404 for supplying the pressure medium. The rod 402 is coupled to the bolt 392 to move the bolt 392 in the direction of travel 394. A stop 408 is assigned to the bolt 392 on the side facing away from the actuator 400, which in this embodiment limits the travel distance away from the actuator 400.
[0075] The 392 bar must be in the Fig. In the configuration shown in Figure 7, at least four different positions can be reached to selectively choose one of the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4. If a position is also desired in which all punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 are deactivated (out-of-engagement configuration), a fifth position would have to be reached. This can, in principle, be achieved with a controlled actuator 400 for the bolt 392, for example, with a controlled linear drive.
[0076] In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, further controllable stops 420, 422, 424 are provided for actuator 400, which in turn can be individually controlled by actuators 430, 432, 434. Actuators 430, 432, 434 can be fluidic actuators, such as pneumatic cylinders. Other configurations are conceivable.
[0077] In the Fig. In the position shown in Figure 7, the actuator 430 has activated the stop 420, so that the bolt 392 with its hold-down device 398 is positioned above the punch 294-2. This puts the punch 294-2 in the engaged configuration. If the stop 422 is activated, the punch 294-3 would be in the engaged configuration. If the stop 424 is activated, the punch 294-4 would be in the engaged configuration. If none of the stops 420, 422, or 424 are activated, the punch 294-1 would be in the incoming configuration. Similarly, another position for the bolt 392 can be achieved in which none of the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, or 294-4 are in the incoming configuration.
[0078] In the die guide 378 for the dies 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4, retaining elements 410 (brake elements) adapted to the number of dies 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 are also provided, which act frictionally on the dies 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 in order to bring about the relative movement between the deactivated dies 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 and the die plate 370 in the respective disengaged configuration. See also the description of the retaining element 210 of the exemplary embodiment according to [reference to relevant figure]. Fig. 6. The retaining elements 410 prevent the punch 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4 from being carried along in the direction of the material web 90 when the locking bar 370 is in the deactivation position assigned to the punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4.
[0079] Overall, the processing block 414 allows for a great deal of design freedom with regard to the perforation / punching patterns to be generated. Individual punches 294-1, 294-2, 294-3, and 294-4 can be individually activated or deactivated to put them into an engagement or non-engagement configuration.
[0080] The Fig. Figures 8-10 illustrate further embodiments of stamps 94 by means of cutaway partial views, each of which is provided with a recess 106 in the area of its front face 104 at the end 102.
[0081] To classify the in the Fig. The designs shown in sections 8-10 are further detailed below. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 referred. The Fig. For the sake of simplicity, items 8-10 use identical reference symbols.
[0082] The in the Fig. The stamps shown in 8-10, number 94, differ from each other and, moreover, from those shown in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 stamps shown through the specific design of the respective indentation 106.
[0083] In Fig. In 8, recess 106 is a conical recess. Fig. 9, the depression 106 is frustoconical; it has a conical inner circumferential surface. In Fig. In section 10, the recess 106 is designed as an axial bore introduced into the face 104. The axial bore can be configured as in Fig. 10 encompass a cone tip, but this does not have to be the case. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature
[0000] DE 20 2014 104 997 U
[0002] OF 20 2017 103 498 U1
[0003] DE 10 2017 121 985 B3
[0004]
Claims
[1] Perforating machine (10) for perforating material units (88), with - a machine frame (12), - a machining block (14) supported by the machine frame (12) with a tool set (16), wherein the machining block (14) comprises a retaining plate (78) for receiving a punch unit (92) and a base plate (76) for receiving a die (98), which form a working area (40) with a working width (42) defined by an extension in a transverse direction (36) between a first end and a second end, and which are movable relative to each other in a punching direction (34) in order to perforate a material unit (88) which is movably guided along a feed direction (32) relative to the machining block (14) between the punch unit (92) and the die (98), and - a lifting drive (46) to generate an oscillating relative movement between the punch unit (92) and the die (98) in the punching direction (34), characterized by , that the punch unit (92) has a plurality of punches (94) arranged in a row (96) along the transverse direction (36), which have at their end (102) facing the die a face (104) with a circumferential cutting edge (108) surrounding a recess (106). [2] Perforating machine (10) according to claim 1, wherein the recess (106) is designed as a concave recess. [3] Perforating machine (10) according to claim 2, wherein the depression (106) is hemispherical or segmental. [4] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-3, wherein the punches (94) have a cylindrical outer circumference (112) in the area of the end (102) facing the die (98). [5] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-4, wherein the cutting edge (108) extends in a ring shape around the recess (106). [6] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the cutting edge (108) runs along the outer circumference (112) of the punch (94). [7] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the cutting edge (108) extends continuously in a plane. [8] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-7, wherein the punches (94) in the area of the cutting edge (108) have a diameter (114) of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, in particular a diameter of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm. [9] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-8, wherein a distance (100) between two adjacent punches (94) is a maximum of 2.0 mm, preferably a maximum of 1.5 mm, more preferably a maximum of 1.0 mm. [10] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-9, wherein at least some of the punches (94) of a series (96) are defined to be activatable or deactivatable. [11] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-10, the punch unit (92) has several rows (96) of punches (94), wherein the rows (96) are arranged one behind the other in the feed direction (32). [12] Perforating machine (10) according to claim 11, wherein punches (294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4) arranged one behind the other in the feed direction (32) form a punch group (296) within which at least one punch (294-1, 294-2, 294-3, 294-4) can be defined to be activated or deactivated. [13] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-12, wherein the row (96) has at least 30 punches (94), preferably at least 50 punches, more preferably at least 70 punches (94) arranged in the transverse direction (36). [14] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-13, further comprising a transverse drive (66) for generating a transverse movement of the tool set (16) in the transverse direction (36). [15] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-14, wherein the processing block (14) provides an interface for tool change, in particular at the holding plate (78) for replacing the punch unit (92) and at the base plate (76) for replacing the die (98). [16] Perforating machine (10) according to one of claims 1-15 for perforating material units (88) in the form of planar flexible materials with or without carrier material, further comprising a feed unit (20) for material feed. [17] Perforating machine (10) according to claim 16, further comprising a discharge unit (26) for discharging perforated material units (88), wherein at least the feed unit (20) or the discharge unit (26) comprises a roller (22, 26) for receiving or discharging material. [18] Perforating machine (10) according to claim 16, further comprising a receiving frame (120) for receiving a material unit (88), wherein the feeding unit (20) accomplishes the movement of the receiving frame (120) at least in the feed direction (32).