METHOD FOR EXECUTING A FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT OF A SECONDARY FUNCTION OF AN ELECTRIC DOOR HANDLE AND ELECTRIC DOOR HANDLE

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for carrying out an alternating functional movement of a secondary function of an electric door handle of a vehicle door and to an electric door handle for a vehicle door with a control device for carrying out such a method.

[0002] It is known that vehicle doors are equipped with handles for convenient opening and closing. Such electric door handles typically have a grip that the user can hold. These handles are also usually equipped with a release function, so that performing a release movement unlocks the vehicle door for subsequent opening. It is also known that such door handles are electrically operated, meaning they can be moved back and forth between a retracted driving position and an extended gripping position, particularly by means of an electric drive.

[0003] A disadvantage of existing solutions, particularly electric door handles, is that they are difficult to grip when iced over. This is primarily due to the fact that extending the electric door handle from its operating position to a gripping position requires increased force to break away the layer of ice that has formed on top of it. To achieve this, the handle, or the entire electric door handle assembly, needs to be extremely robust and mechanically stable. This results in a more complex design, correspondingly higher material requirements, increased costs, and greater weight.

[0004] German patent DE 20 2020 101 001 U1 discloses a vehicle door handle with a handle body. When ice formation is detected on the handle body, the handle actuator can be activated to generate a hammering action to break the ice off the handle.

[0005] FR 3 101 577 A1 concerns a method aimed at preventing a door handle's gripping element from becoming blocked in the retracted position due to ice or frost buildup around the gripping element in freezing conditions. This publication addresses preventing the gripping element from becoming blocked in the first place.

[0006] US Patent 2014 / 000167 A1 discloses a retractable door handle for vehicles. Various de-icing methods for the door handle are described. One approach involves activating an electric motor to slightly extend the handle to break the ice. This can be done periodically according to predefined criteria. Another method for combating ice formation involves using an ultrasonic transducer that generates a high-frequency vibration and breaks the ice.

[0007] German patent DE 199 57 417 A1 relates to a motor vehicle door locking system. When an operator's hand touches or operates the door handle, the handle's vibration behavior changes. This can be detected, for example, by recording or evaluating the damping behavior, the change in the resonance frequency, the change in the vibration amplitude, etc. Accordingly, the door handle can be set into vibration, and the corresponding changes when the door handle is operated can be detected by means of a suitable sensor.

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the disadvantages described above. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a secondary function, especially for defrosting the handle, for an electric door handle in a cost-effective and simple manner.

[0009] The foregoing problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 1 and an electric door handle having the features of claim 13. Further features and details of individual embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the method according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the electric door handle according to the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention always refers, or can refer, to each other.

[0010] According to the invention, a method is proposed for carrying out an alternating functional movement to generate a secondary function with a handle of an electric door handle of a vehicle door. Such a method comprises the following steps: Receiving a functional request to activate the secondary function, performing the alternating functional movement, whereby the hand grip is moved back and forth several times between at least two different functional positions.

[0011] In addition, the following step can be performed before or after receiving the function request: Determining the current position of the handle within a range of motion between a first mechanically defined end position and a second mechanically defined end position.

[0012] For the purposes of the present invention, a vehicle door is understood to mean any form of component that reversibly closes a vehicle opening. This includes, in particular, trunk lids, frunk covers, hoods, or similar components.

[0013] The core concept of the invention is based on the fact that a secondary function can be provided by the handle of an electric door handle. This secondary function differs from the primary function of the handle, i.e., the opening function and / or the unlocking function. An example of such a secondary function is a de-icing function, i.e., the removal or partial removal of a blocking layer of ice in the area of ​​the handle of the electric door handle.

[0014] To generate this secondary function with the handle, an alternating functional movement is performed according to the invention. This means that the handle moves back and forth alternately, i.e., multiple times, between at least two different functional positions. These functional positions can both be different from the mechanically defined end positions. However, it is also possible that one or even both functional positions are identical or substantially identical to the defined end positions.

[0015] The core concept of the invention is based on the fact that the secondary function is based on a functional movement of the handle. This functional movement is not a single movement between two positions, but rather a multiple, alternating movement back and forth between these positions. As will be explained later, this alternating functional movement can be performed both regularly, particularly at a frequency, and irregularly.

[0016] A function request within the meaning of the present invention is the receipt of a signal to execute the secondary function. Such a function request can, for example, be actively initiated by a user by sending a signal to a corresponding control device of the electric door handle. However, other triggering function requests are also conceivable, for example, the detection of a layer of ice covering the handle that needs to be removed. Such a function trigger can also be understood as an internal function request within the electric door handle. Naturally, the function request can also be transmitted to the electric door handle from an external source, such as the vehicle or a control module of the vehicle.

[0017] The optional determination of the current position of the handle can be either direct or indirect. For example, the current angular position, based on an electric drive device for the handle, can be used as the basis for the handle's current position. Using the last reached position as the starting or current position is also a possibility.

[0018] According to the invention, it is now possible, particularly with an existing electric door handle design, to provide an additional secondary function for the handle of the electric door handle. This secondary function differs from the primary function of opening and unlocking already described and can serve a secondary purpose, such as defrosting the handle. Of course, other secondary uses are also possible as a secondary function, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0019] It can be advantageous if, in a method according to the invention, the secondary function is at least one of the following: De-icing of the handle, haptic signaling to the user of the handle, acoustic signaling to the surroundings of the vehicle.

[0020] The preceding list is not exhaustive. For example, to de-ice the handle, the handle may be in contact with the ice or moved into a starting position to make contact. The subsequent functional movement, particularly alternating and frequency-based, causes the ice itself to oscillate, especially vibrate, thus breaking it up and allowing it to be easily removed or even falling off on its own. Additionally or alternatively, haptic signals are also possible as secondary functions, for example, when the vehicle user has gripped the handle.In this situation, it is possible to set the handle into an alternating functional movement and thereby transmit, for example, a vibration signal to the user's hand. Another possible secondary function within the scope of the present invention is acoustic signaling to the vehicle's surroundings. Particularly when a frequency-based alternating functional movement is used, acoustic output can be achieved through the vibration of the handle and / or vibration of surrounding components. This output of acoustic vibration signals can be used, for example, to protect pedestrians at low speeds of electric vehicles. Acoustic signaling, such as supplementing an alarm system, providing external anti-theft protection, or even delivering a warning function to the vehicle's interior, is also possible as a secondary function.For example, an alternating functional movement of the handle can cause part of the vehicle's outer skin and / or part of the vehicle's interior trim to vibrate in order to provide an acoustic signal function to the outside and / or inside.

[0021] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a method according to the invention, the alternating functional movement moves the handle back and forth between at least two different functional positions with a defined functional frequency and / or a defined functional amplitude. This can involve a fixed functional frequency and / or a fixed functional amplitude, or a variable functional frequency and / or a variable functional amplitude. In particular, the frequency and amplitude are adapted to the respective secondary function. For example, if an ice layer is to be removed, the alternating functional movement can preferably be performed with a high functional frequency and a low functional amplitude. Naturally, the functional amplitude can also be adapted to the maximum range of motion, for example, in the case of a blocked movement due to an ice layer.

[0022] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a method according to the invention, the functional frequency and / or the functional amplitude changes over the course of the functional movement. This can occur regularly, continuously, but also irregularly and / or stepwise. This variation of the functional frequency and / or the functional amplitude can also be referred to as a so-called sweep. This allows the alternating functional movement to excite different frequencies over a frequency range and thus, in particular, to include natural vibrations of an ice layer or other components. This leads to enhanced excitation and thus an optimized effect of the respective desired secondary function.

[0023] It can also be advantageous if, in a method according to the invention, the functional movement is divided into a first partial functional movement, in which the handle is moved back and forth several times between two different functional movements, and a second partial functional movement, in which the handle is moved back and forth several times between two different functional positions, which differ from at least one functional position of the first partial functional movement. This makes it possible to design the functional movement to be arbitrarily complex. For example, if a blocking layer of ice is detected above the handle, the alternating functional movement in the first partial functional movement can be directed away from this ice layer. This allows an air cushion to form between the ice layer and the surface of the handle.Once this has occurred, the second part of the functional movement takes place, now directed outwards, so that after an ice layer has been detached from the surface of the handle, the ice layer itself can now be loosened or blasted away by the alternating outwards functional movement. Of course, this is also possible by varying the design of the previously described sweep, for the functional frequency and / or the functional amplitude.

[0024] In the method according to the invention, the alternating functional movement generates a vibration of the handle between at least two different functional positions. A vibration is preferably understood to be a frequency-dependent and, in particular, regular functional movement. High frequencies are preferred to ensure adequate vibration transmission to an ice layer or to adjacent components. Since a vibration is usually also audibly perceptible in the vicinity of the electric handle, a targeted variation of the vibration can even enable melodic audio signaling in the surrounding area.

[0025] It is further advantageous if, in a method according to the invention, the handle is moved into a starting position before the alternating functional movement is performed. For example, if there is a layer of ice over an electric door handle that blocks its extension, a starting position can, for instance, represent actively establishing contact between the surface of the handle and the inner surface of the ice layer. Such a starting position can also be defined by means of force measurement and be variable, i.e., if the handle extends until the force increases without any further movement of the handle. Such a starting position can additionally or alternatively also represent a pulling or retracting away from an ice layer in order to provide a range of motion over which the handle can gain momentum to strike the ice layer and break it off.Approaching a mechanical end position is also possible as such a starting position, especially if a vibration is to be generated by the alternating functional movement and transferred to the housing and / or adjacent components of the vehicle door.

[0026] Furthermore, advantages arise if, in a method according to the invention, the alternating functional movement is performed again after the initial performance, particularly after a waiting period. This results in repeated ice breaking or repeated execution of the secondary function. Of course, a subsequent sequence of different secondary functions, each with differently designed alternating functional movements, is also possible within the scope of the present invention. A test movement can also be performed between the two functional movements, particularly during the waiting period, to verify whether the ice layer is still present or whether the first functional movement was successful.

[0027] Further advantages can be achieved if, in the procedure according to the preceding paragraph, at least one movement parameter is changed during the subsequent execution of the alternating functional movement, in particular one of the following: At least one functional position, movement frequency, movement amplitude, and movement direction.

[0028] The preceding list is not exhaustive. For example, depending on the success, partial success, or failure of the first alternating functional movement, the second alternating functional movement can be performed in a modified manner to attempt a new one with potentially successful ice removal. This is particularly relevant if an intermediate measurement or test movement determines whether the de-icing was successful in the first step. For instance, after an initial de-icing attempt, a secondary test movement can be performed to extend the handle into a gripping position. If this is possible, the de-icing was successful, and a further execution of the alternating functional movement is unnecessary.If extension is not possible because movement is not possible despite an increase in force, the alternating functional movement is performed again, particularly with a modified amplitude and / or frequency. Naturally, especially after performing such a measurement movement, the successful combination of movement parameters can be saved and reused for future runs of the procedure.

[0029] It is further advantageous if, in a method according to the invention, a test movement with the handle is performed to obtain the functional request. For example, the previously described attempted extension and the detection of a blockage by a layer of ice are possible. An attempted retraction is also conceivable, for example, to detect an adhering layer of ice that prevents such retraction. Of course, significantly more complex test movements can also be used within the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a method according to the invention, a plausibility check is performed before the alternating functional movement is carried out, particularly using environmental and / or vehicle parameters. For example, information on the course of the ambient temperature, the time course of the ambient humidity, the time course of precipitation in the environment, or similar data can be provided to check the plausibility of the presence of an ice layer. Both vehicle sensors and weather information from the internet can be used for this purpose. Of course, in addition to pure sensor parameters, optical information, for example based on camera images from the vehicle, such as from digital rearview mirrors, can also be used.

[0031] In the method according to the invention, the alternating functional movement corresponds at least partially to a natural frequency of an adjacent component and / or an ice layer. The use of an alternating functional movement in a specific vibration of a natural frequency results in a significantly amplified and targeted excitation of the desired component or ice layer. This allows the advantages of the secondary function according to the invention to be achieved in a more pronounced and thus proportionally improved manner. For example, if an adjacent component is excited by means of a natural frequency, this can lead to a situation where, in the event of icing of the door, not only the part of the ice layer in direct contact with the handle is affected, but also, through the vibration of surrounding sheet metal parts, a significantly larger contact area with the ice layer is made available.This can go so far as to include vibrating the vehicle's window frame in order to effectively remove any possible icing of the window, especially in the case of frameless vehicle windows.

[0032] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a method according to the invention, the functional movement is also carried out simultaneously and / or subsequently on other electric door handles of the vehicle. Thus, using the example of icing, defrosting can also be carried out for the other vehicle doors simultaneously or sequentially, for example, after release by the user. In particular, this is done automatically and preferably in the same manner as has been successfully implemented for the first electric door handle.

[0033] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a method according to the invention, the functional movements for at least two electric door handles differ from one another. In particular, if an acoustic and / or haptic signaling function is desired, different and door-specific signaling can be provided in this embodiment. It is even possible to provide a different vibration melody that circulates around the vehicle by means of different vibration frequencies.

[0034] Another object of the present invention is an electric door handle for a vehicle door. This electric door handle has a base body for installation in the vehicle door, wherein a handle is movably mounted on the base body within a range of motion between a mechanically defined end position and a mechanically defined second end position by means of a handle bearing. Additionally, the electric door handle has a control device for carrying out a method according to the invention by means of a detection module, a receiving module, and a feedthrough module. The mechanical part of such an electric door handle and its function are explained in more detail below as part of the present invention.

[0035] According to the invention, an electric door handle for a vehicle door is proposed, which is equipped with a base body for installation in the vehicle door. A handle is movably mounted on the base body within a range of motion, wherein the range of motion extends between a mechanically defined first end position and a mechanically defined second end position, and the movability is ensured by means of a handle bearing. Furthermore, the electric door handle has an electric drive for moving the handle between the two end positions. The position of the handle between the two end positions can be detected by means of at least one sensor.The electric drive is equipped with a gear unit for load-free positioning of the handle in a gripping position, spaced from the end positions, and for load-free positioning of the handle in a driving position, spaced from the end positions and spaced from the gripping position.

[0036] An electric door handle according to the invention is based on the core concept that the electric door handle is designed for electrically driven movement. In particular, two functional positions can be distinguished. The first is the driving position, i.e., the position in which the handle is positioned when the vehicle is in motion. This differs from a gripping position, in which a user of the electric door handle can grasp the handle and then open the door. In the simplest case, this is a passive gripping action, where pulling results in an opening movement of the vehicle door. As will be explained later, however, the gripping action can also be designed as an active gripping action to trigger and / or perform an unlocking process of the vehicle door before the opening movement.

[0037] The movement possibilities of the handle extend between the first end position and the second end position, which are mechanically defined and may, for example, have the stops that will be explained later.

[0038] A key concept of the invention is that at least two of the described functional positions, namely the driving position on the one hand and the gripping position on the other, can be positioned without load using the electric drive via the transmission device. In other words, the electric drive alone, and in particular independently of any other mechanical components, can position the handle in both the driving and gripping positions. The only force acting on the handle in the driving and gripping positions is a holding force from the electric drive, which keeps the handle in the respective functional position. In contrast to known solutions, no separate switching elements, mechanical elements, or kinematic lever elements are necessary to assume and maintain these positions.

[0039] The fact that the positioning of the handle in at least the functional positions of driving position and gripping position can now be achieved exclusively via the electric drive and the gearbox device offers a multitude of advantages.

[0040] A primary advantage is that the load-free positioning allows for virtually unlimited position selection. This enables different driving and / or gripping positions for different vehicles, different vehicle users, and even different vehicle doors. This freedom of choice allows for the individualization of such an electric door handle on a single vehicle, or its use as a general-purpose module for a wide variety of vehicles, followed by controlled specification and / or calibration. Therefore, it is possible to provide a compact, modular electric door handle that can be used in a customized manner on different vehicles.

[0041] Another major advantage of load-free positioning is that no mechanical correlation is required for the opening and / or unlocking mechanism of the vehicle door. Instead, it suffices if the unlocking and / or opening of the door is achieved through a separate, preferably purely electrical, opening and / or unlocking mechanism. The opening and / or unlocking is triggered when at least one sensor detects the position of the handle relevant to the unlocking or opening request. In addition to greater variability and flexibility in the application of the electric door handle, the elimination of mechanical correlation or additional microswitches also makes it smaller, lighter, and therefore more cost-effective to integrate into a vehicle.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that different profiles in the movement characteristics of the electric door handle can be set using an electric door handle according to the invention. In particular, if counterforces are to be applied to the handle by the electric drive during an activation movement to unlock the door handle, these can be adjusted essentially freely. For example, to unlock a vehicle door, the user can move the handle from the gripping position to an unlocking position. For this movement, the user applies an activation force to the handle. The electric drive can then apply a counterforce variably and freely adjustable, so that the ease and / or resistance of this movement is essentially freely adjustable.If the vehicle on which the electric door handle is fitted is, for example, a large SUV, then a stiffer movement and correspondingly higher resistance might be desired, appropriate to the vehicle. If the vehicle is, for example, a compact car, then again, a lower resistance is possible, which translates to a smooth movement of the handle from the gripping position to the unlocking position for the user.

[0043] As explained above, the electric door handle is now designed without a mechanically defined zero position and can be positioned in the two or more functional positions mentioned above without any load. This allows for a wide variety of individual configurations, which will be explained in more detail later with the details of the various designs. The mechanical limits to this freedom of movement are defined by the two mechanically defined end positions.

[0044] The drive is provided, for example, by means of a DC motor and can, in particular, include a pivoting movement between the end positions. Specifically, the entire embodiment of the electric door handle is free of a locking mechanism and / or a unlocking mechanism, and especially also free of a microswitch. The described sensor for detecting the position of the handle can, for example, be an angle sensor, an absolute position sensor, and / or a relative position sensor, which provides a corresponding physical and / or electrical detection functionality depending on the actual operating situation.

[0045] It can be advantageous if the handle mounting of an electric door handle is free of mechanical support in the travel and / or gripping positions and / or free of a lever mechanism. This further emphasizes the load-free positioning capability and reduces the effort, design complexity, and required installation space of the electric door handle. In particular, mechanical stops and friction from mechanically interacting levers of a lever mechanism for intermediate positions are avoided.

[0046] It is further advantageous if, in an electric door handle according to the present invention, the base body has a recessed grip, wherein the first end position is located within the recess and the second end position is located outside the recess. The handle can thus be moved into and out of the recess. This movement is also primarily a pivoting motion, with the pivot axis for this movement preferably located outside the recess and within the base body. This large range of motion results in a multitude of independent, load-free operating positions of the handle, which will be explained in more detail later.

[0047] It is further advantageous if, in an electric door handle according to the invention, the sensor element is integrated into the electric drive. In particular, this can be an angle sensor, which, for example, can be provided in the form of an electric stepper motor. The integration of the at least one sensor element into the electric drive allows the remaining part of the electric door handle to be designed without or essentially without sensor elements. This concentrates the necessary complexity on the electric drive and reinforces the advantages of the compact design, the lightweight construction, and the cost-effective manufacturing possibilities, which have already been explained several times.

[0048] Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in an electric door handle according to the invention, the base body has a first stop for the first end position and / or a second stop for the second end position. These are preferably mechanical stops that provide surface contact with a corresponding counter-surface of the gear unit and / or the handle. Preferably, however, these stops are not reached during normal operation, since the corresponding counterforces and return mechanisms of the electric drive prevent the handle from being positioned in the end positions. The stops can preferably provide protection against unwanted damage, particularly in the event of force being applied to the handle, and / or offer safety in the event of an electric drive failure.

[0049] It is further advantageous if, in an electric door handle according to the invention, the electric drive has the gear device for additional load-free positioning in at least one of the following positions spaced apart from the end positions: Unlocking position between gripping position and second end position, display position, defense position against mechanical stress on the handle, protective position between the driving position and the first end position.

[0050] The preceding list is not exhaustive. The individual positions are specifically correlated with a first end position inside a handle recess and a second end position outside a handle recess of the base body. The unlocking position represents the end of the handle's unlocking movement from the gripping position, as will be explained in more detail later. Its positioning serves a signaling function, indicating, for example, that a release mechanism should electrically unlock the vehicle door. A display position allows communication between the user of the electric door handle and the vehicle. For instance, visualization can occur by moving the handle to a display position via the electric drive.This allows, for example, the display to indicate whether the vehicle is locked or whether another functional state has been or has not yet been reached. For instance, the display position can inform the driver whether a certain lighting condition, a locking function, or something similar has been activated or not. Conversely, a movement by the user of the electric door handle, such as pushing it along its range of motion, can also send a signal to the vehicle. For example, repeatedly pressing the door handle can be used as an output signal to lock the vehicle.Separate sensors, such as touch-sensitive elements in the door handle area, can be avoided in this way, allowing additional signaling functionality to be integrated into the electric door handle without additional design effort. A defensive position can, for example, protect against mechanical stress. If a person leans against the vehicle and also against the handle, the handle can be moved into a defensive position, which is perceived primarily as a knocking motion on the part of the body leaning against the handle. Finally, a protective position is also possible, which can be retracted into a recess between the driving position and the end position.For example, if the vehicle is in a crash situation or a pre-crash situation, this protective position can increase the likelihood that the handle will not be torn off or otherwise damaged during the crash.

[0051] Further advantages can be achieved if, in an electric door handle according to the present invention, the gear unit and the handle bearing form a pivot axis for a pivoting movement of the handle over at least a partial section of the range of motion, in particular over the entire or substantially the entire range of motion. This pivot axis is preferably located within the base body and outside a grip recess. The pivoting movement allows for a particularly compact design and can additionally or alternatively be combined with a translational movement.

[0052] Also part of the present invention is a control method for controlled movement of a handle of an electric door handle according to the invention, comprising the following steps: Determining the current position of the handle in the range of motion, capturing a target position of the handle in the range of motion, moving the handle to the target position in the range of motion by applying a movement force using the electric drive, holding the handle in the achieved target position with a holding force using the electric drive.

[0053] A control method according to the invention offers the same advantages as those explained in detail with reference to an electric door handle. The determination of the handle's current position is achieved, in particular, through the use of the sensor. The detection of a target position can be ensured, for example, by means of a signal from the vehicle's control system. For instance, the handle may be in a driving position while the vehicle's occupant approaches the vehicle. Detecting an action by the vehicle's occupant, or simply approaching with a key in the occupant's pocket, can trigger the detection of the target position, in the form of the gripping position, in a control method according to the invention. The handle is then moved to this target position, for example, the gripping position.For this movement, the electric drive applies the required force to the handle. Once the handle has reached the target position, this position remains stable as a load-free position only as long as the electric drive also applies the necessary holding force. This clearly demonstrates how freely variable both the positioning and the force applied are in each target position of the handle, which is designed as the functional position.

[0054] It is advantageous if, in a control method according to the invention, when an externally applied activation force is detected to move the handle from the target position, particularly in the form of the gripping position, a defined counterforce is generated against the activation force by means of the electric drive. For example, it is possible that the user grips the handle and moves it into an unlocking position. The defined counterforce is thus a defined resistance to this movement, which the user can perceive as ease or stiffness of the handle's movement. In other words, it becomes possible to variably adjust the force characteristics during the movement of the handle and, in particular, to simulate different mechanical characteristics by applying different counterforce profiles to the electric drive.The counterforce, and therefore the characteristic of the door handle movement, is thus freely adjustable.

[0055] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a control method according to the invention, the counterforce over a movement segment of the handle is smaller than the activation force, in order to permit the defined movement of the handle. This makes it possible to generate a resultant force that allows the desired movement, particularly taking into account a maximum permissible movement speed. Here again, it is possible to define and electronically control a force characteristic and / or a movement characteristic. Thus, it is of course possible for the counterforce to be provided not as a constant, but as a variable along a curve, in order, for example, to electronically simulate the mechanical click of a mechanical unlocking kinematic by means of a rise in force.

[0056] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a control method according to the invention, the moving force, the holding force and / or, in particular, a counterforce is specifically adapted for at least one of the following application variants: Type of vehicle, make of vehicle, position of vehicle door, use of person.

[0057] The preceding list is not exhaustive. For example, different levels of resistance can be replicated for different vehicle types. A door handle for an SUV can now be equipped with a stiffer feel via the electric drive, while a compact car can be fitted with a lighter feel using the same electric drive. It is possible to use the same electric door handle without this design difference being noticeable during use. Furthermore, different characteristics can be set for the electric door handle for different vehicle manufacturers, and thus different brands. It is also possible to provide different characteristics for different doors on the same vehicle.For example, if child seats are installed in the rear, the electric door handle on the corresponding rear doors can be designed to be easier to operate than the handle on the front doors for the parents. Adjustments and thus individualization can also be made available for different users, for example, those identifiable by individual vehicle keys.

[0058] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a control method according to the invention, the course of the activation force and / or the course of the pulling speed of the handle are determined during the movement section of the handle under the influence of the activation force. This results in a live measurement and / or a real-time measurement, which can be fed back into the control method. Adaptation to the current situation is therefore cost-effective and simple, so that, in particular, mechanical damage and / or the unintended reaching of one of the end positions can be avoided with high effectiveness.

[0059] It is further advantageous if, in a control method according to the invention, a movement duration, particularly for the movement from the current position of the handle to the target position of the handle, is determined. The movement duration can thus be monitored and preferably compared with a predetermined maximum movement duration. If, for example, the movement from the gripping position to the driving position is too slow, this may be related to a pinching situation. This allows such a situation to be detected without additional pinching sensors, thereby providing the necessary protection against pinching. It can also be determined, for example, if the movement in the extension direction is too slow, that an icing situation may be present, which can be addressed with a defined de-icing movement of the electric door handle.

[0060] Further advantages can be achieved if, in a control method according to the invention, a crash situation and / or a pre-crash situation is detected and a crash position and / or a pre-crash position is used as the target position for the handle. In particular, a distinction is made between pre-crash and crash situations, so that in the pre-crash situation a protective position against the handle being torn off or damaged can be assumed and maintained throughout the crash situation. At the end of the crash, the handles can be automatically extended into a gripping position, for example, to facilitate access to the vehicle for responding emergency services. It is also possible for different protective positions to be assumed for the different doors in order to further increase the likelihood of the easiest possible access.

[0061] Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in a control method according to the invention, a display position is approached as the target position for the output of a visual and / or haptic signal. Both the position itself and the movement into this position can represent this visual and / or haptic signal. For example, a tapping motion with the handle can be performed, which can be perceived haptically by the user. An optical waving motion or a movement into a clearly recognizable waving position can also add a signaling functionality to the control method.

[0062] It is further advantageous if, in a control method according to the invention, the application of an activation force generates a movement of the handle, which is then detected as a signal input. As already explained, this allows for reverse signaling from the user to the vehicle. In this way, vehicle functions such as locking, activating parking lights, opening the trunk, closing the windows, or opening or closing other doors can be signaled as desired functions. Additionally, the electric drive can act as a generator to provide the described functionality even in a power outage, for example, in conjunction with an electrical capacitor.

[0063] Another object of the present invention is a calibration method for calibrating an electric door handle according to the invention for use in a control method according to the invention, comprising the following steps: Capturing a position signal of the current position of the handle, determining a current position of the handle with reference to at least one of the two end positions, setting the current position signal in relation to the determined current position of the handle.

[0064] Thus, a calibration method according to the invention offers the same advantages as those explained in detail with reference to an electric handle according to the invention and a control method according to the invention. The position to be detected can also be actively approached. In the simplest case, this can be one or even both of the end positions. However, it is also possible to deliberately approach a calibration position that lies between the end positions and can be checked using separate testing equipment. The desired calibrated position is preferably a position as close as possible to the outside of the vehicle body, for example, in the driving position.

[0065] Such a calibration procedure can be further developed in such a way that the current position is determined in at least one of the following ways: Using a test device to generate a fixity of the handle, camera images, in particular from a vehicle-mounted camera device.

[0066] The preceding list is not exhaustive. For example, testing equipment can be used to ensure a defined, flush positioning of the handle with the vehicle's outer skin. Adhesive tape can be applied over the handle, for instance, to define a temporary end position in a mechanically defined manner for this calibration situation. Camera images can also be analyzed to determine, during a service drive from the first end position towards the second, when flush alignment with the vehicle's outer skin, and thus the setting of the driving position, is achieved.

[0067] Further advantages, features, and details of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings schematically show: Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an electric door handle according to the invention in the driving position, Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the Figure 1 in first end position, Fig. 3 the embodiment of the Figure 1 and 2 in the second end position, Fig. 4 the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 3 in gripping position, Fig. 5 the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 4 in a display position, Fig. 6 the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 5 in a protective position, Fig. 7 the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 6in a calibration situation, Fig. 8 the course of a force-displacement curve when using an electric door handle and Fig. 9 the time course of the individual positions using an example, Fig. 10 a representation of an electric door handle according to the invention with a layer of ice, Fig. 11 the situation of Figure 10 during de-icing, Fig. 12 shows a possible movement sequence in a method according to the invention, Fig. 13 shows a further possible movement sequence in a method according to the invention, Fig. 14 shows a further possible movement sequence in a method according to the invention, Fig. 15 shows a further possible movement sequence in a method according to the invention and Fig. 16 shows a further possible movement sequence in a method according to the invention.

[0068] In the Figures 1 to 9A special form of electric door handle, in particular without a mechanically defined zero position, is schematically explained. Such an electric door handle 10 is particularly advantageous for use in a method according to the invention. However, conventional electric door handles 10 can also be used in principle for a method according to the invention.

[0069] In Figure 1A door handle 100 is shown schematically, which can be attached to a vehicle via a base body 20. A grip recess 22 is formed in the base body 20, in which the handle 30 is arranged flush with the vehicle's outer skin in the depicted driving position. To enable movement of the handle 30, a handle bearing 32 is coupled to a gear mechanism 42, allowing movement of the handle 30 to desired target positions by means of an electric drive 40. Position detection is provided by a sensor 50, for example, in the form of an angle sensor.

[0070] In the Figures 2 and 3 Two possible end positions, EP1 and EP2, are shown schematically. Figure 2This shows the correlation between these two end positions EP1 and EP2, which define the maximum range of motion BB. To define the end positions EP1 and EP2 in a mechanically defined manner, a first stop A1 is specified for the first end position EP1 and a second stop A2 for the second end position EP2. In normal operation of the electric door handle 10, these two end positions EP1 and EP2 are advantageously understood as mechanical safety positions, which are preferably never or only in exceptional situations.

[0071] The Figure 4 Figure 1 shows a gripping position GP, ​​in which, for example, the handle 30 can be engaged in or under. In this position, a release movement can now be performed by, for example, pulling the handle 30 further out of this gripping position GP, ​​towards the second end position EP2.

[0072] The Figure 5 This shows a possible display position AP, which is visually distinguishable from the gripping position GP. A movement to this display position AP can signal the user of the electric door handle 10 by means of a waving motion.

[0073] The Figure 6 The figure schematically shows a protective position SP in which the handle 30 is further retracted into the handle recess 22 to provide increased protection against unwanted mechanical impairment or damage.

[0074] The Figure 7Figure 200 shows one possibility using a test device, which temporarily limits the movement of the handle 30. If, for a calibration procedure, the handle 30 is moved towards the second end position EP2, the test device 200 defines a new, temporarily mechanically defined end position as the driving position FP. As soon as this mechanically defined end position is reached, the calibration can set this position as the driving position FP and the test device 200 can be removed.

[0075] In the Figure 8 It is schematically easy to see how a freely adjustable force curve characteristic can be set by such an electric door handle 10, for example. From a driving position FP (not shown in the Figure 8A movement force BK moves the handle 30 into the gripping position GP. There, the handle 30 is held by the holding force HK. If the user of the electric door handle 10 now grips the handle 30 and pulls it further outwards towards an unlocking position ERP, they apply an activation force AK until the handle is unlocked. The electric drive 40 then applies a counterforce GK to the handle 30, increasing along its path, until a maximum is reached at the unlocking position ERP. At this point, either the movement of the handle 30 is stopped, or a click is achieved for the user by significantly reducing the counterforce GK over the remaining path.As the path progresses, it can be clearly seen that even before reaching the second end position EP2, the counterforce GK increases sharply in order to ensure a maximum blocking effect against the actual reaching of this second end position EP2 for the handle 30.

[0076] In the Figure 9The diagram schematically illustrates how the individual angular positions can be assumed over time. For example, the zero position can be defined as the travel position FP. During this movement, such as a service movement of handle 30, the movement proceeds from the second end position EP2 via an unlocking position ERP, a display position AP, a gripping position GP, ​​a travel position FP, and a protective position SP to the first end position EP1. Of particular importance is the range of movement between the unlocking position ERP and the travel position FP, and the required movement duration BD. If this duration is longer than a defined specification or limit value, this could be due to a jamming situation, which can be determined solely from the time and position profile without a separate jamming sensor.

[0077] In the Figures 10 and 11 The same electric door handle 10 is schematically represented. Figures 1 to 7 shown. However, these figures now show the control device 300, which is also shown in the versions of the Figures 1 to 7 This control device 300 has a determination module 310 to, for example, determine the driving position FP as the current position of the handle 30 in the Figure 10 to determine. It is then possible to use the receiver module 320 according to the Figure 11 to receive a function request FA and then, using the implementation module 330, in this case to perform a de-icing function as a secondary function. Figure 11 Figure 1 shows how the handle 30 is set into vibration between two functional positions FUP, thereby creating cracks in the ice layer ES. Based on these cracks, the ice layer ES falls off or is even actively blasted away from the surface of the electric door handle 10.

[0078] The Figure 12The diagram schematically shows the course of such a functional movement, whereby, starting from the driving position FP, a functional amplitude FAP with a constant functional frequency FF can be traversed as a functional movement in an oscillating manner between two functional positions FUP. Figure 13 shows that the functional amplitude FAP has been reduced here by adjusting the lower functional position FUP compared to the Figure 12 has been changed. This can involve an alternative or subsequent alternating functional movement.

[0079] In the Figure 14 This schematically illustrates how different functional movements can be combined sequentially after a waiting period. Both the functional amplitude (FAP) and the functional frequency (FF) change between the two partial functional movements.

[0080] In the Figure 15 and the Figure 16 Two more examples of a so-called sweep are shown. Figure 15The graph shows a lower function position (FUP) that varies over time, so the function amplitude (FAP) also changes accordingly. Figure 16 A sweep over the frequency range with constant function amplitude FAP is shown.

[0081] The preceding explanations are merely examples. Naturally, individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with one another, provided this is technically feasible, without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. Reference symbol list

[0082] 10 Electric door handle 20 Base body 22 Recessed handle 30 Handle 32 Handle bearing 40 Electric drive 42 Gear unit 50 Sensor device 100 Vehicle door 200 Test equipment 300 Control device 310 Determination module 320 Receiving module 330 Feedthrough module BK Movement force HK Holding force AK Activation force GK Counterforce BD Movement duration BB Movement range GPG Reach position FP Driving position AP Display position SP Protection position ABP Defense position ERP Unlocking position EP1 First end position EP2 Second end position A1 First stop A2 Second stop SA Swivel axis ESE Ice layer FA Function request FUP Function position STP Start position FF Function frequency FAP Function amplitude

Claims

1. A method for implementing an alternating functional movement for generating a secondary function with a handle (30) of an electric door handle (10) of a vehicle door (100), comprising the following steps: - Receiving a function request (FA) for activating the secondary function, - implementing the alternating functional movement, wherein the handle (30) is moved back and forth multiple times between at least two different functional positions (FUP), wherein the alternating functional movement produces a vibration of the handle (30) between at least two different functional positions (FUP), characterized in that the alternating functional movement at least partially corresponds to a natural frequency of an adjacent component and / or of an ice layer (ES).

2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the secondary function is at least one of the following: - de-icing of the handle (30), - haptic signaling to the user of the handle (30), - acoustic signaling to the surroundings of the vehicle (100).

3. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alternating functional movement moves the handle (30) back and forth between the at least two different functional positions (FUP) with a defined functional frequency (FF) and / or a defined functional amplitude (FAP).

4. The method of claim 3, characterized in that the functional frequency (FF) and / or the functional amplitude (FAP) changes over the course of the functional movement.

5. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional movement is divided into a first partial functional movement, in which the handle (30) is moved back and forth multiple times between two different functional positions (FUP), and a second partial functional movement, in which the handle (30) is moved back and forth multiple times between two different functional positions (FUP) that differ from at least one functional position (FUP) of the first partial functional movement.

6. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, before implementing the alternating functional movement, the handle (30) is moved into a start position (STP).

7. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, after implementing the alternating functional movement, in particular after a waiting period, the alternating functional movement is implemented again.

8. The method of claim 7, characterized in that, during the subsequent implementation of the alternating functional movement, at least one movement parameter is changed, in particular one of the following: - at least one functional position (FUP) - movement frequency - movement amplitude - movement direction9. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for receiving the function request (FA), a test movement is performed with the handle (30).

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, prior to implementing the alternating functional movement, a plausibility check is performed, in particular using environmental parameters and / or vehicle parameters.

11. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in parallel in time and / or subsequently, the functional movement is also implemented at other electric door handles (10) of the vehicle (100).

12. The method of any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional movements for at least two electric door handles (10) differ from one another.

13. An electric door handle (10) for a vehicle door (100), comprising a base body (20) for arrangement in the vehicle door (100), wherein a handle (30) is mounted on the base body (20) movably in a range of movement (BB) between a mechanically defined first end position (EP1) and a mechanically defined second end position (EP2) by means of a handle bearing (32), further comprising an electric drive (40) for moving the handle (30) between the two end positions (EP1, EP2) and at least one sensor means (50) for detecting the position of the handle (30) between the two end positions (EP1, EP2), wherein the electric drive (40) comprises a gear mechanism (42) for load-free positioning of the handle (30) in a grasp position (GP) spaced apart from the end positions (EP1, EP2) and for load-free positioning of the handle (30) in a driving position (FP) spaced apart from the end positions (EP1, EP2) and from the grasp position (GP), characterized by a control device (300) for implementation of an alternating functional movement for producing a secondary function with the handle (30) of the electric door handle (10) of the vehicle door (100), with a determination module (310) for determining the current position of the handle (30) in the range of movement (BB) between the first mechanically defined end position (EP1) and the second mechanically defined end position (EP2), a reception module (320) for receiving a function request (FA) for activating the secondary function, and an execution module (330) for implementing the alternating functional movement, wherein the handle (30) is moved back and forth multiple times between at least two different functional positions (FUP), wherein the determination module (310), the reception module (320) and / or the execution module (330) are configured to carry out a method having the features of any one of claims 1 to 12.