Terminal and communication method

Abstract

To provide a terminal and a communication method using time division duplex (TDD) in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) environment.SOLUTION: In a radio communication system, a terminal has: a communication section that receives information on a TDD pattern from a base station in a NTN environment; and a control section that, on the basis of the information on the TDD pattern, determines the TDD pattern having one period formed of a downlink, a guard period, and an uplink in this order and having a period being the integral multiple of a radio frame. The communication section applies the determined TDD pattern to execute transmission and reception to and from the base station.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal and a communication method in a wireless communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies that satisfy requirements such as a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption are being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Currently, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are being considered. NTNs use non-terrestrial networks such as satellites to provide services to areas that cannot be covered by terrestrial 5G networks, mainly due to cost considerations (e.g., Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.3.0 (2024-09) [Non-patent document 2] 3GPP TR 38.821 V16.2.0 (2023-03) [Non-patent document 3] Konishi et al., "A Study on Downlink Spectrum Sharing in HAPS Mobile Communication Systems," Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers General Conference, B-17-1, 2020 [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #105, RP-242415, September, 2024 [Non-Patent Document 5] 3GPP TR 36.763 V17.0.0 (2021-06) [Non-patent document 6] 3GPP TS 36.211 V15.8.1 (2020-01) [Non-Patent Document 7] 3GPP TS 36.331 V15.8.0 (2019-12) [Non-patent document 8] 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.3.0 (2024-09) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Currently, frequency division duplex (FDD) is the most commonly used duplexing method in NTNs. On the other hand, time division duplex (TDD) can be used to easily accommodate asymmetric traffic loads on the uplink and downlink, allowing both the uplink and downlink to be configured using only one band. However, in NTN environments with long round-trip-times (RTTs), TDD requires a large guard period (GP), necessitating the specification of a new frame structure.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to use TDD (Time division duplex) in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to the disclosed technology, a terminal is provided that, in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network), includes a communication unit that receives information related to a TDD (Time division duplex) pattern from a base station, and a control unit that determines a TDD pattern based on the information related to the TDD pattern, where one cycle is composed of a downlink, a guard interval, and an uplink, in that order, and has a cycle that is an integer multiple of a radio frame, and the communication unit applies the determined TDD pattern to perform transmission and reception with the base station. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, it is possible to use TDD (Time division duplex) in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of NTN (1). [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (2) of NTN. [Figure 3] This is a diagram showing an example (3) of NTN. [Figure 4] This is a diagram showing an example (4) of NTN. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an NR-TDD pattern. [Figure 6] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of determining a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example (1) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (2) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (3) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (4) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (5) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (6) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example (7) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15]FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a terminal 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station 10 or a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0011] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technologies are used as appropriate. However, the existing technologies are, for example, but not limited to, the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR) unless otherwise specified.

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, NR-PDCCH, NR-PDSCH, NR-PUCCH, NR-PUSCH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-."

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, the duplex method may be a TDD (Time Division Duplex) method, an FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) method, or other methods (for example, Flexible Duplex, etc.).

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, when radio parameters and the like are "configured," it may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0015] Figure 1 shows an example of an NTN (1). An NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) uses non-terrestrial devices such as satellites to provide services to areas that cannot be covered by terrestrial 5G networks, primarily due to cost. NTN also enables the provision of more reliable services. For example, it is expected to be applied to IoT (Internet of Things), ships, buses, trains, and critical communications. NTN also has scalability through efficient multicast or broadcast.

[0016] As an example of an NTN, as shown in FIG. 1, a satellite 10A can retransmit signals transmitted from a terrestrial base station 10B to provide service to areas where no terrestrial base stations are located, such as mountainous regions.

[0017] The terrestrial 5G network may have the following configuration. The terrestrial 5G network includes one or more base stations 10 and terminals 20. The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminals 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminals 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, on NR-PBCH, and is also called broadcast information.

[0018] The base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via an SCell (Secondary Cell) and a PCell (Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation).

[0019] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module, etc. The terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system.

[0020] Figure 2 shows an example of an NTN (2). The area of ​​each cell or beam in an NTN is much larger than that of a terrestrial network (TN). Figure 2 shows an example of an NTN configured with retransmission by satellite. The connection between the satellite 10A and the NTN gateway 10B is called the feeder link, and the connection between the satellite 10A and the UE 20 is called the service link.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2, the difference in delay between UE 20A on the near side and UE 20B on the far side is, for example, 10.3 ms in the case of GEO (Geosynchronous orbit) and 3.2 ms in the case of LEO (Low Earth orbit). Also, the beam size in NTN is, for example, 3500 km in the case of GEO and 1000 km in the case of LEO.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example (3) of an NTN. As shown in FIG. 3, an NTN is realized by a satellite in space or a flying object in the air. For example, a GEO satellite may be a satellite located at an altitude of 35,786 km and having a geostationary orbit. For example, a LEO satellite may be a satellite located at an altitude of 500-2000 km and orbiting every 88-127 minutes. For example, a HAPS (High Altitude Platform Station) may be a flying object located at an altitude of 8-50 km and performing circular flight.

[0023] As shown in Figure 3, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, and HAPS aircraft may be connected to ground stations (gNBs) via gateways. The service areas may be larger in the order of HAPS, LEO, and GEO.

[0024] For example, NTN can extend the coverage of a 5G network to unserved or served areas. Furthermore, NTN can improve the continuity, availability, and reliability of services on ships, buses, trains, or other critical communications. The NTN may be signaled by transmitting dedicated parameters to the terminal 20, and the dedicated parameters may be parameters related to determining a timing advance (TA) based on information related to a satellite or an aircraft.

[0025] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example (4) of an NTN. FIG. 4 shows an example of an NTN network architecture assumed in the case of transparent payload. As shown in FIG. 4, a CN (Core Network) 10D, a gNB 10C, and a gateway 10B are connected. The gateway 10B is connected to a satellite 10A via a feeder link. The satellite 10A is connected to a terminal 20A or a VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) 20B via a service link. An NR Uu is established between the gNB 10C and the terminal 20A or the VSAT 20B.

[0026] NTN's network architecture may be FDD or TDD. Terrestrial cells may be fixed or mobile. Terminal 20 may have the capability to support GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). For example, a power class 3 handheld device may be assumed in FR1. A VSAT device may be assumed at least in FR2.

[0027] NTN's network architecture may also assume regenerative payloads. For example, gNB functionality may be mounted on a satellite or air vehicle. Alternatively, a gNB-DU may be mounted on a satellite or air vehicle, and a gNB-CU may be deployed as a ground station.

[0028] The IoT-NTN TDD mode is being considered, and the following assumptions 1)-5) may be made (see Non-Patent Document 4).

[0029] 1) LEO @600 km orbit and @1200 km orbit each use Set 1 satellite parameters as the reference scenario (see Non-Patent Document 5). 2) Targeting the MSS (Mobile satellite service) allocated band of 1616-1626.5MHz. 3) Standalone deployment with anchor and non-anchor carriers (i.e., operating on carriers used only for NB-IoT). 4) Operate in an Earth-fixed tracking area using either Earth-fixed or Earth-moving cells for NGSO (non-geostationary satellite orbit). 5) The new NB-IoT NTN TDD mode allows configuring radio resource usage within a target MSS-allocated band using a periodic subset of UL and DL subframes within N radio frames. The periodic pattern should consist of a non-overlapping set of usable contiguous UL subframes, a set of usable contiguous DL subframes, and a guard period that is periodic every N radio frames with N=9 as the baseline. No blind detection is assumed on the UE side. The value of N and the configuration of the periodic pattern are fixed per band.

[0030] The above assumptions may include the following objectives:

[0031] Consider the impact of periodic patterns on at least UE downlink synchronization and other aspects (if identified). Define a new NB-IoT TDD NTN mode based on minimal required changes to the NB-IoT NTN FDD frame structure and procedures. The mode includes the definition, configuration (if required), and signaling (if required) of periodic patterns, including confirmation of the value of N, as well as related UE procedures, other required impacts on higher layers, RRM, and RF core requirements.

[0032] The following parameter TDD-Config-NB, which is related to the fixed TDD pattern configuration in LTE, will be described (see Non-Patent Document 7).

[0033] TDD-Config-NB-r15 ::= SEQUENCE { subframeAssignment-r1 ENUMERATED { sa1, sa2, sa3, sa4, sa5}, specialSubframePatterns-r1 ENUMERATED { ssp0, ssp1, ssp2, ssp3, ssp4, ssp5, ssp6, ssp7,ssp8, ssp9, ssp10, ssp10-CRS-LessDwPTS} } -- ASN1STOP

[0034] Table 1 shows an example of specialSubframePatterns in the TDD-Config field (see Non-Patent Document 6) related to fixed TDD pattern configuration in LTE.

[0035] [Table 1]

[0036] ssp0 refers to setting 0, ssp1 refers to setting 1, etc., as shown in Table 1. The value ssp10-CRS-LessDwPTS corresponds to ssp10 without CRS transmission on the 5th symbol of DwPTS.

[0037] The lengths of the DwPTS and UpPTS are given by Table 2, provided that the total length of the DwPTS, GP and UpPTS is equal to 1 ms, where X is the number of additional SC-FDMA symbols in the UpPTS provided by the upper layer parameter srs-UpPtsAdd if set, otherwise X is equal to 0.

[0038] Table 2 shows an example of subframe allocation related to a fixed TDD pattern setting in LTE (see Non-Patent Document 6).

[0039] [Table 2]

[0040] As specified in Table 2, sa1 indicates the DL / UL subframe configuration, sa2 indicates the configuration 2, etc. E-UTRAN sets the same value for serving cells that exist in the same frequency band.

[0041] In Table 2, "D" indicates a downlink subframe reserved for downlink transmission, "U" indicates an uplink subframe reserved for uplink transmission, and "S" indicates a special subframe with three fields: DwPTS (downlink pilot timeslot), GP (guard period), and UpPTS (uplink pilot timeslot).

[0042] For NB-IoT frame structure type 2 (for TDD), uplink-downlink configurations 0 and 6 are not supported.

[0043] The TDD patterns that can be set in NR will be described (see Non-Patent Document 8). TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon ::= SEQUENCE { referenceSubcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing, pattern1 TDD-UL-DL-Pattern, pattern2 TDD-UL-DL-Pattern OPTIONAL, -- Need R ... } TDD-UL-DL-Pattern ::= SEQUENCE { dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity ENUMERATED {ms0p5, ms0p625, ms1, ms1p25, ms2, ms2p5, ms5, ms10}, nrofDownlinkSlots INTEGER (0..maxNrofSlots), nrofDownlinkSymbols INTEGER (0..maxNrofSymbols-1), nrofUplinkSlots INTEGER (0..maxNrofSlots), nrofUplinkSymbols INTEGER (0..maxNrofSymbols-1), ..., [[ dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-v1530 ENUMERATED {ms3, ms4} OPTIONAL -- Need R ]] }

[0044] dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity indicates the periodicity of the DL-UL pattern. If dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-v1530 is signaled, the UE shall ignore dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity (without suffix).

[0045] nrofDownlinkSlots indicates the number of complete contiguous DL slots at the start of each DL-UL pattern. In this release, the maximum value for this field is 320.

[0046] nrofDownlinkSymbols is the number of consecutive DL symbols at the beginning of a slot following the last complete DL slot as derived from nrofDownlinkSlots. A value of 0 indicates no partial downlink slots.

[0047] nrofUplinkSlots indicates the number of consecutive complete UL slots at the end of each DL-UL pattern. In this release, the maximum value of this field is 320.

[0048] nrofUplinkSymbols is the number of consecutive UL symbols at the end of the slot preceding the first full UL slot, derived from nrofUplinkSlots. A value of 0 indicates no partial uplink slots.

[0049] Figure 5 shows an example of an NR-TDD pattern. In the example of Figure 5, slots #0 to #6 are DL slots, and slots #8 and #9 are UL slots. In slot #7, symbols #0 to #9 are DL symbols, symbols #10 to #12 are flexible symbols, and symbol #13 is a UL symbol.

[0050] Here, we may define a periodic TDD pattern to be applied to the IoT-NTN.

[0051] 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of determining a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step S101, the UE determines an IoT-TDD pattern. The UE may receive information for determining the IoT-TDD pattern from the BS. The information may be any one or a combination of RRC signaling, MAC-CE, and DCI. In step S102, the UE performs transmission and reception with the BS based on the IoT-TDD pattern.

[0052] 7 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the periodic pattern may be a pattern in which a non-overlapping set of usable contiguous UL subframes or slots, a set of usable contiguous DL subframes or slots, and a guard period (DL-UL gap) are periodic every N radio frames with N=9 as the baseline.

[0053] The following describes how to define an IoT-TDD pattern. For example, the definition may include a pattern of consecutive DL and UL slots and guard periods. The IoT-TDD pattern may be fixed or configurable.

[0054] Hereinafter, the TDD patterns in IoT-NTN will be described using the descriptions shown in 1)-4). Note that the word "period" may be interchangeable with "periodicity."

[0055] 1) "D" indicates the duration of consecutive DL subframes, slots or frames. 2) "U" indicates the duration of consecutive UL subframes, slots or frames. 3) “N” indicates the period of the IoT-TDD pattern in the radio frame. 4) "G" indicates the length or duration of the guard period (DL-UL gap).

[0056] The following operations 1) to 3) may be performed.

[0057] Action 1) Two options are considered for the cyclic TDD pattern design for IoT-NTN. Action 2) Details of option 1 of action 1 include indication of periodicity, granularity, D / U / G candidate / min / max, and IoT-TDD pattern(s). Action 3) Details of option 2 of action 1 include indication of periodicity, granularity, D / U / G candidate / min / max, and IoT-TDD pattern(s).

[0058] Below, we explain operation 1) Two options are considered for the cyclic TDD pattern design for IoT-NTN.

[0059] Option 1: Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example (2) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8, D + G + U = N × 10 [ms] may be used. The positions, lengths, order and values ​​of D, G and U, and the value of N may be predefined or may be defined in the SIB and / or RRC.

[0060] Option 2: Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example (3) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 9, D_min + D_flex + G + U_flex + U_min = N × 10 [ms] may be used.

[0061] In the Option 2 pattern, D=D_min+D_flex may also be used.

[0062] D_min is the minimum number of DL subframes or slots.

[0063] D_flex is the number of subframes or slots that can be flexibly allocated to DL. D_flex may also be called the downlink additional duration.

[0064] In the Option 2 pattern, U may be U_min+U_flex, and the order may be U=U_flex+U_min.

[0065] U_min is the minimum number of UL subframes or slots.

[0066] U_flex is the number of subframes or slots that can be flexibly allocated to the UL. U_flex may also be called an uplink supplementary period.

[0067] As shown in Figure 9, D_min and / or U_min may be fixed lengths, and D_flex, G and / or U_flex may be set semi-statically, which can reduce overhead.

[0068] Alternatively, D_min and / or U_min may be fixed length or may be semi-statically set, as shown in Figure 9. D_flex, G and / or U_flex may be dynamically signaled in addition to being semi-statically set, which provides flexibility.

[0069] Below, we will explain the details of operation 2) option 1 of operation 1, including indication of periodicity, granularity, D / U / G candidates / min / max values, and IoT-TDD pattern(s).

[0070] Option 1 of Action 1 above may be defined as A)-E) shown below.

[0071] A) Regarding the periodicity of N The periodicity of the IoT-TDD pattern may be predefined or configured by the network. For example, the periodicity of the IoT-TDD pattern may be configured via SystemInformationBlockType1-NB and / or RRC signaling. For example, N=4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, etc. For example, 9 has better compatibility with existing Iridium systems, while 4, 8, or 16 has better compatibility with existing NB-IoT systems.

[0072] B) Regarding particle size of D, G and / or U The IoT-TDD patterns, i.e., D, G, and / or U, may be defined or configured in units of slots, multiple slots, subframes, multiple subframes, frames, or multiple frames. For example, D may be 8 subframes, 1 frame, or 8 by 2 subframes (total of 16 subframes). It may also be configured by a combination of slot and subframe or subframe and frame units. For example, D may be 1 frame and 6 subframes, and the number of frames and the number of subframes may be signaled or configured separately. This reduces overhead.

[0073] C) Candidates, minimums, and maximums for D, G, and / or U Candidates, minimum and / or maximum values ​​for D, G and / or U may be predefined or configured by SIB and / or RRC signaling. Candidate values ​​may vary per frequency, NTN type, traffic type, etc.

[0074] For example, assuming that the periodicity of the TDD pattern is 90 ms (N=9) and that the unit of DL and UL transmission is a subframe, the following 1)-3) may be specified.

[0075] 1) G may be (13,75). For example, G may be greater than or equal to 13 and less than or equal to 75. When minimum D and minimum U are applied and the remainder is G, 76 subframes is the maximum value. For LEO-600, when considering the RTT between LEO-600 and Earth at an elevation angle of 10 degrees, 13 subframes is the minimum value. For LEO-1200, when considering the RTT between LEO-1200 and Earth at an elevation angle of 10 degrees, 21 subframes is the minimum value.

[0076] 2) D ∈ (7, 69) may be used. For example, D may be 7 or greater and 69 or less. 7 is the minimum value taking into consideration the transmission of NPBCH (Narrowband PBCH), NPSS (Narrowband PSS), NSSS (Narrowband SSS), and / or SIB1-NB. 69 is the maximum value taking into consideration that the minimum G and minimum U are applied and the remaining portion is D.

[0077] 3) U∈(8,70). For example, D can be between 8 and 70. 8 is the minimum value required for compatibility with existing Iridium systems in the target band. 70 is the maximum value that applies with minimum G and minimum D, and the remainder is U.

[0078] D) Notification of IoT-TDD patterns D-1) Multiple patterns of different values ​​of D, G, or U may be predefined. An index may indicate the pattern. Table 3 shows examples of multiple predefined patterns of values ​​of D, G, or U.

[0079] [Table 3]

[0080] D-1a) The IoT-TDD pattern to be applied may be notified to the UE via narrowband system information SystemInformationBlockType1-NB and / or RRC signaling. For example, the following information element TDD-Config-NB-r19 may be introduced, and the pattern may be configured by the index of the corresponding configuration:

[0081] TDD-Config-NB-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { subframeAssignment-r19 ENUMERATED { sa1, sa2, sa3, sa4, sa5}, } %Indicates DL / UL subframe configuration where sa1 points to Configuration1, sa2 to Configuration 2 and so on

[0082] D-1b) Multiple IoT-TDD patterns to be applied may be notified to the UE via narrowband system information SystemInformationBlockType1-NB and / or RRC signaling. The multiple patterns may be applied with different periodicities. For example, the following information element TDD-Config-NB-r19 may be introduced, and the patterns may be configured by the index of the corresponding configuration.

[0083] TDD-Config-NB-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { subframeAssignment1-r19 ENUMERATED { sa1, sa2, sa3, sa4, sa5}, subframeAssignment2-r19 ENUMERATED { sa1, sa2, sa3, sa4, sa5}, } %Indicates DL / UL subframe configuration where sa1 points to Configuration1, sa2 to Configuration 2 and so on

[0084] For example, subframeAssignment1 may be applied to a first period, subframeAssignment2 may be applied to a second period, and the cycle (first period+second period) may be repeated.

[0085] D-2) Notified values ​​of D, G and / or U D-2a) The values ​​of D, G, and / or U to be applied may be notified to the UE via narrowband system information SystemInformationBlockType1-NB and / or RRC signaling. Candidate values ​​or value ranges for D, G, and / or U may be predefined. Selection of D, G, and / or U may follow D+G+U=N×10. For example, the following information element TDD-Config-NB-r19 may be introduced.

[0086] TDD-Config-NB-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { referenceSubcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing, pattern TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19, ... } TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity ENUMERATED {ms40, ms80, ms90, ms100, ms120, ms160}, nrofDownlinkSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofGapSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofUplinkSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), ..., }

[0087] The values ​​of D, G, and / or U may be predefined. Two of the values ​​of D, G, and / or U may be predefined or signaled, and the value of the remaining one may be calculated. For example, only D and G may be signaled or predefined, and U may be calculated by U = (N × 10 - (D + G)) [subframe, slot, or frame]. Alternatively, only D and U may be signaled or predefined, and G may be calculated by G = (N × 10 - (D + U)) [subframe, slot, or frame].

[0088] D-2b) Multiple values ​​of D, G, and / or U to be applied may be signaled to the UE via narrowband system information SystemInformationBlockType1-NB and / or RRC signaling. The multiple patterns may be applied to different periods or half periods. For example, the following information element TDD-Config-NB-r19 may be introduced:

[0089] TDD-Config-NB-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { referenceSubcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing, pattern1 TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19, pattern2 TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19, ... } TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity ENUMERATED {ms40, ms80, ms90, ms100, ms120, ms160}, nrofDownlinkSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofGapSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofUplinkSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), ..., }

[0090] Pattern 1 may be applied to a first period or the first half of a period, pattern 2 may be applied to a second period or the second half of a period, and the cycle may be repeated. If multiple patterns are set for each half of a period, a new period dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-vx for each pattern may be signaled without using dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-r19.

[0091] E) The position of IoT-TDD patterns

[0092] 10 is a diagram showing an example (4) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, the IoT-TDD pattern may be aligned at the beginning of each hyperframe (i.e., SF0).

[0093] 11 is a diagram showing an example (5) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, the IoT-TDD pattern may be aligned to the beginning of any radio frame or a predefined radio frame.

[0094] Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example (6) of a TDD pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 12, the IoT-TDD pattern may be aligned to the beginning of any subframe or a predefined subframe.

[0095] Below, we will explain operation 3) details of option 2 of operation 1, including indication of periodicity, granularity, D / U / G candidates / min / max values, and IoT-TDD pattern(s).

[0096] Option 2 of Action 1 above may be specified as A)-E) shown below.

[0097] A) It may be the same as option 1 above.

[0098] B) It may be the same as option 1 above.

[0099] C) Candidate values ​​for D_min, D_flex, U_min, U_flex, and G

[0100] For example, the period of the TDD pattern may be assumed to be 90 ms (N=9), and the unit of DL or UL transmission may be assumed to be a subframe.

[0101] The minimum number of consecutive DL subframes, D_min, may be set as shown in 1)-5) below. Figure 13 shows an example (7) of a TDD pattern in an embodiment of the present invention. D_min may be determined taking into account the NPBCH, SIB1-NB, and NPSS shown in Figure 13.

[0102] 1) D_min may be 7. D_min may include subframe #9 of the first radio frame, and subframes #0, #1, #2, #3, #4, and #5 of the following second radio frame. Alternatively, D_min may include subframes #4, #5, #6, #7, #8, and #9 of the first radio frame, and subframe #0 of the following second radio frame.

[0103] 2) D_min may be 8. The determination of D_min may take into account compatibility with existing Iridium systems in the target band.

[0104] 3) D_min may be 10. Subframes #0 to #9 may be included in D_min.

[0105] 4) D_min may be 16. Subframes #0 to #9 of the first radio frame and subframes #0 to #5 of the subsequent second radio frame may be included in D_min.

[0106] 5) D_min may be 20. The first radio frame and the subsequent second radio frame may be included in D_min to include other SIBs transmitted in addition to SIB1.

[0107] The minimum number of consecutive UL subframes U_min may be set as shown in 1) or 2) below.

[0108] 1) U_min may be 8. The determination of U_min may take into account compatibility with existing Iridium systems in the target band.

[0109] 2) U_min may be 8. U_min may be equal to the minimum number of DL subframes.

[0110] For D_flex, G and / or U_flex, the following may be specified:

[0111] 1) G may be (13,75). For example, G may be greater than or equal to 13 and less than or equal to 75. When minimum D and minimum U are applied and the remainder is G, 76 subframes is the maximum value. For LEO-600, when considering the RTT between LEO-600 and Earth at an elevation angle of 10 degrees, 13 subframes is the minimum value. For LEO-1200, when considering the RTT between LEO-1200 and Earth at an elevation angle of 10 degrees, 21 subframes is the minimum value.

[0112] 2) D_flex ∈ (0, 63) is also acceptable. For example, D may be between 0 and 63. 63 is the maximum value when the minimum G, D_min, and U_min are applied and the remainder is D_flex.

[0113] 3) U_flex ∈ (0,63) is also allowed. For example, D can be between 0 and 63, inclusive. 63 is the maximum value when the minimum G, D_min, and U_min are applied.

[0114] D) Notification of IoT-TDD patterns

[0115] The values ​​of D_min, D_flex, G, U_min, and U_flex may be notified.

[0116] a) The applied value may be notified to the UE, or may be configured semi-statically via narrowband system information SystemInformationBlockType1-NB and / or RRC signaling, and / or may be configured dynamically via DCI.

[0117] For example, D_min may be predefined as a fixed value, and D_flex, U_flex, U_min and G may be signaled to the UE.

[0118] For example, D_min and U_min may be predefined as fixed values, and all or two of D_flex, U_flex and G may be signaled to the UE.

[0119] For example, D_min and U_min may be predefined as fixed values, and the location of G and G may be signaled to the UE.

[0120] For example, D_min, U_min and G may be predefined as fixed values, and one or both of D_flex and U_flex may be signaled to the UE.

[0121] For example, candidate values ​​or value ranges for D_flex, D_min, G, U_flex, and U_min may be predefined. The selection of D_flex, D_min, G, U_flex, and U_min may be according to D_min+D_flex+G+U_flex+U_min=N×10.

[0122] Compared to option 1, dynamic indication may be possible. If only semi-static configuration is supported, fewer bits are needed to signal the TDD pattern when only D_flex, G and U_flex are signaled together with predefined D_min and U_min.

[0123] For example, the following information element TDD-Config-NB-r19 may be introduced: D_min, U_min, D_flex, U_flex, and G may be configured by TDD-Config-NB-r19.

[0124] TDD-Config-NB-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { referenceSubcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing, pattern TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19, ... } TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity ENUMERATED {ms40, ms80, ms90, ms100, ms120, ms160}, nrofDownlinkFlexSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofDownlinkMinSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofGapSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofUplinkFlexSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofUplinkMinSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), ..., }

[0125] For example, the following information element TDD-Config-NB-r19 may be introduced: D_flex, U_flex, and G may be configured by TDD-Config-NB-r19, and D_min and U_min may be predefined.

[0126] TDD-Config-NB-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { referenceSubcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing, pattern TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19, ... } TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity ENUMERATED {ms40, ms80, ms90, ms100, ms120, ms160}, nrofDownlinkFlexSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofGapSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofUplinkFlexSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), ..., }

[0127] b) Multiple values ​​to be applied may be signaled to the UE via narrowband system information SystemInformationBlockType1-NB and / or RRC signaling. The multiple patterns may be applied to different cycles or half cycles.

[0128] For example, the following information element TDD-Config-NB-r19 may be introduced:

[0129] TDD-Config-NB-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { referenceSubcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing, pattern1 TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19, pattern2 TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19, ... } TDD-UL-DL-Pattern-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-r19 ENUMERATED {ms40, ms80, ms90, ms100, ms120, ms160}, nrofDownlinkFlexSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofGapSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), nrofUplinkFlexSubframes INTEGER (0..maxNrofSubframes), ..., [[ dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-vx ENUMERATED {ms40, ms45, ms50} OPTIONAL -- Need R ]] }

[0130] Pattern 1 may be applied to a first period or the first half of a period, pattern 2 may be applied to a second period or the second half of a period, and the cycle may be repeated. If multiple patterns are set for each half of a period, a new period dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-vx for each pattern may be signaled without using dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity-r19.

[0131] E) May be the same as E) in Option 1.

[0132] The UE may report the following capabilities:

[0133] Ability to perform each of the above mentioned actions. The capabilities of each option of the action, or the capabilities of a combination of options. - Ability to perform each option or combination of options in a movement.

[0134] The UE may report the capabilities per frequency, for example, per UE, per FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, per SCS, per band or subband, per BC, per FC, or per FSPC.

[0135] The UE can report the above capabilities on a per-cell basis, per-UE, per-cell basis, or per TDD and FDD basis.

[0136] Throughout the above operations, whether and which operations are applied and / or which options or alternatives are used may be determined by the following. - Set by upper layer parameters. Determined by relevant higher layer parameters. Notified by MAC-CE or DCI. Determined based on UE capabilities - As described above in the operation · Based on the conditions stated in the operation above. Determined by higher layer parameters / MAC-CE / DCI configuration and reported UE capabilities (combination of the above decisions)

[0137] Throughout the operation, multiple options and alternatives may be combined into a single option or alternative.

[0138] Throughout operation, the UE may assume that some actions, action options, or action alternatives may only be applied when the UE reports support for a certain feature or model.

[0139] The UE may receive information from the NW as the following types (the NW can be referred to as gNB throughout the operation):

[0140] Information via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / LPP messages) MAC CE MAC CE with new LCID in subheader Extending an existing MAC CE (e.g., introducing a new octet). DCI -DCI Field: Existing DCI field or newly introduced DCI field RNTI: DCI with CRC scrambled by an existing RNTI or a newly introduced RNTI. -DCI format: existing DCI format or newly introduced DCI format Combination of the above information

[0141] The UE can receive information from the NW in the following periodic types: Option 1: Periodic Option 2: Semi-persistent (triggered by UE or gNB notification) Option 3: Aperiodic (triggered by UE or gNB notification)

[0142] The UE can report information to the NW as the following types (the NW can be referred to as gNB throughout the proposal): Information via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / LPP messages) MAC CE MAC CE with new LCID in subheader Extending an existing MAC CE (e.g., introducing a new octet). UCI UCI on PUCCH or PUSCH Combination of the above information

[0143] In addition, the UE can report information to the NW in the following periodic types: Option 1: Periodic Option 2: Semi-persistent (triggered by UE or gNB notification) Option 3: Aperiodic (triggered by UE or gNB notification)

[0144] Through the above operations, an IoT device can determine a TDD pattern in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) environment and apply TDD to transmission and reception.

[0145] That is, TDD (Time division duplex) can be used in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment.

[0146] (Device configuration) Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 that execute the processes and operations described above. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 include functions for implementing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0147] <Base station 10> Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of base station 10 in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 14, base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 14 is merely an example. The functional divisions and names of the functional units may be any names as long as they can perform the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0148] The transmitter 110 includes a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 side and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The transmitter 110 also transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiver 120 includes a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and acquiring, for example, information of higher layers from the received signals. The transmitter 110 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc. to the terminal 20. The receiver 120 also receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0149] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to communication in the NTN.

[0150] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 controls communication in the NTN. The control unit 140 also controls communication with the terminal 20 based on a UE capability report regarding radio parameters received from the terminal 20. A functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and a functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0151] <Terminal 20> Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20 in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 15, terminal 20 has transmitting unit 210, receiving unit 220, setting unit 230, and control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 15 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can execute the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0152] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, and the like transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 210 transmits a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), a PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), and the like to another terminal 20 as D2D communication, and the receiver 120 receives the PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH, and the like, from the other terminal 20.

[0153] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance. The content of the setting information is, for example, information related to communication in the NTN.

[0154] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 controls communication in the NTN. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0155] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 14 and 15) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0156] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocation, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0157] For example, the base station 10, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0158] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be read as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0159] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0160] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0161] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 14 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 15 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0162] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0163] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0164] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0165] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that performs output to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0166] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0167] Furthermore, base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0168] Fig. 17 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 17, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0169] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0170] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0171] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a front or rear wheel rotation speed signal obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, a front or rear wheel air pressure signal obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0172] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013 or the like to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that output information to the outside.

[0173] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0174] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0175] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0176] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0177] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0178] (Summary of the embodiment) (Section 1) a communication unit that receives information related to a TDD (Time division duplex) pattern from a base station in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network); a control unit that determines a TDD pattern, one cycle of which is composed of a downlink, a guard interval, and an uplink in this order, based on information related to the TDD pattern, and which has a cycle that is an integer multiple of a radio frame; The communication unit is a terminal that performs transmission and reception with the base station by applying the determined TDD pattern. (Section 2) The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines a TDD pattern in which one period is composed of a downlink minimum period, a downlink additional period, a guard period, an uplink additional period, and an uplink minimum period in that order, and which has a period that is an integer multiple of a radio frame. (Section 3) 2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the control unit assumes that the TDD pattern starts at the beginning of a hyperframe. (Section 4) 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines a downlink additional period, a guard period, and an uplink additional period based on information related to the TDD pattern. (Section 5) 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines a TDD pattern that repeats a cycle in which a first period and a second period are different TDD patterns. (Section 6) In a non-terrestrial network (NTN), a procedure for receiving information relating to a time division duplex (TDD) pattern from a base station; a procedure for determining a TDD pattern based on the information on the TDD pattern, the TDD pattern having a period that is an integer multiple of a radio frame, the period being composed of a downlink, a guard interval, and an uplink in that order; and a procedure for transmitting and receiving data to and from the base station by applying the determined TDD pattern.

[0179] Any of the above configurations allows the use of TDD (Time Division Duplex) in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment. Furthermore, according to claims 2-5, an IoT device can determine a TDD pattern in an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) environment and apply TDD to transmission and reception.

[0180] (Supplementary explanation of the embodiment) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may apply to items described in another item (unless inconsistent). The boundaries between functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of the processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams. However, such devices may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server or any other suitable storage medium.

[0181] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0182] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of systems using LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (New Radio), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate systems, and next-generation systems extended based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) may also be applied.

[0183] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0184] In this specification, a specific operation that is described as being performed by the base station 10 may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0185] The information or signals described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0186] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0187] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0188] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0189] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0190] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0191] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0192] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0193] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0194] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0195] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0196] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0197] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0198] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0199] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0200] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0201] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between a plurality of terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0202] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0203] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0204] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0205] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0206] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0207] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0208] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0209] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0210] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0211] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0212] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0213] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0214] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0215] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0216] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0217] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0218] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0219] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0220] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0221] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0222] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0223] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0224] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0225] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0226] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0227] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0228] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0229] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0230] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0231] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0232] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0233] 10 base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting section 140 Control Unit 20 terminals 210 Transmitter 220 Receiving unit 230 Setting Section 240 Control Unit 1001 processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication equipment 1005 Input Device 1006 Output Device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering Section 2004 accelerator pedal 2005 brake pedal 2006 Shift Lever 2007 front wheel 2008 rear wheel 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Department 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 RPM Sensor 2023 Air Pressure Sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration Sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving Assistance Systems Department 2031 microprocessor 2032 memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. a communication unit that receives information related to a time division duplex (TDD) pattern from a base station in a non-terrestrial network (NTN); a control unit that determines a TDD pattern, one cycle of which is composed of a downlink, a guard interval, and an uplink in this order, and which has a cycle that is an integer multiple of a radio frame, based on the information related to the TDD pattern; The communication unit is a terminal that performs transmission and reception with the base station by applying the determined TDD pattern.

2. 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines a TDD pattern in which one period is composed of a downlink minimum period, a downlink additional period, a guard period, an uplink additional period, and an uplink minimum period in that order, and which has a period that is an integer multiple of a radio frame.

3. The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the control unit assumes that the TDD pattern starts at the beginning of a hyperframe.

4. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit determines a downlink additional period, a guard period, and an uplink additional period based on information related to the TDD pattern.

5. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit determines a TDD pattern in which a cycle is repeated in which a first period and a second period are different TDD patterns.

6. A procedure for receiving information relating to a time division duplex (TDD) pattern from a base station in a non-terrestrial network (NTN); a procedure for determining a TDD pattern, one cycle of which is composed of a downlink, a guard interval, and an uplink in this order, and which has a cycle that is an integer multiple of a radio frame, based on information related to the TDD pattern; and a procedure for transmitting and receiving data to and from the base station by applying the determined TDD pattern.

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