Protruding members, piping members, piping systems

Abstract

To provide a protruding member, piping member, and piping system that can improve flow rate while enabling miniaturization. [Solution] The projection member is positioned downstream of the elbow that changes the direction of the flow path, and is positioned inside a straight pipe having first and second inner surfaces with planar shapes corresponding to the inner and outer circumferences of the elbow, respectively. It has a first end facing upstream and a second end facing downstream, and a curved working surface extending from the first end to the second end such that it has a top between the first and second ends that minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe. If the distance between the first and second inner surfaces is Dv, the distance between the corner on the inner circumference of the elbow and the first end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is a, b, and c, respectively, and the height at the top is h, then the following conditions are satisfied: Dv ≤ 200 mm, 0 ≤ a ≤ 0.2 Dv, 0.1 Dv ≤ b ≤ Dv, 0.2 Dv ≤ c ≤ 3.0 Dv, and 0.05 Dv ≤ h ≤ 0.70 Dv.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a protruding member, a piping member, and a piping system.

Background Art

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a siphon rain gutter system. The siphon rain gutter system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes an eaves gutter, a cylindrical portion penetrating a water inlet formed on the bottom surface of the eaves gutter, a siphon generating portion for generating a siphon phenomenon, and an elbow. The elbow is installed on the downstream side of the siphon rain gutter system. The elbow includes a curved pipe portion and receiving ports provided at both ends of the curved pipe portion. In the curved pipe portion when viewed in a cross section in a plane including the pipe axis of the curved pipe portion, the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface on the inner peripheral side is larger than 64 mm and smaller than 100 mm.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, although an improvement in flow rate can be expected, the elbow becomes relatively large.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a protruding member, a piping member, and a piping system that can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] A projection member according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a projection member disposed in a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of a flow path, comprising: a first end facing upstream and a second end facing downstream; and a curved working surface extending from the first end to the second end such that the top portion between the first end and the second end minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe, wherein the straight pipe has first and second inner surfaces of planar shape corresponding to the inner and outer circumferences of the elbow, respectively, and If the distance between the second inner surfaces is Dv, then Dv ≤ 200 mm is satisfied. The projection member satisfies the following conditions: if a is the distance between the inner circumference corner of the elbow and the first end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe, b is the distance between the first end and the top in the direction of the central axis, c is the distance between the top and the second end in the direction of the central axis, and h is the height at the top, then 0 ≤ a ≤ 0.2Dv, 0.1Dv ≤ b ≤ Dv, 0.2Dv ≤ c ≤ 3.0Dv, and 0.05Dv ≤ h ≤ 0.70Dv.

[0007] A piping member according to one aspect of this disclosure comprises the above-mentioned projection member, an elbow, and a straight pipe.

[0008] A piping system according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises a vertical pipe, a horizontal pipe between the inlet and the vertical pipe, a first elbow between the inlet and the horizontal pipe, a second elbow between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe, and the above-mentioned protruding member which is arranged as a straight pipe for at least a portion of the vertical pipe. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] The embodiments of this disclosure enable miniaturization while improving flow rate. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] Cross-sectional view of an elbow in a piping system according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] Plan view of the first receiving end of an elbow in a piping system according to one embodiment. [Figure 4] Plan view of the second socket side of the elbow of a piping system according to one embodiment. [Figure 5] Exploded perspective view of a piping member according to an embodiment [Figure 6] Cross-sectional view of a piping member according to an embodiment [Figure 7] Cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 6 [Figure 8] Cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 6 [Figure 9] Cross-sectional view of a piping member according to Modification 1 [Figure 10] Cross-sectional view of a piping member according to Modification 2 [Figure 11] Explanatory drawing of the first example of the water repellent structure of the protruding member according to Modification 3 [Figure 12] Explanatory drawing of the second example of the water repellent structure of the protruding member according to Modification 3 [Figure 13] Explanatory drawing of an example of the hydrophilic structure of the protruding member according to Modification 4 [Figure 14] Cross-sectional view of a piping member according to Modification 5

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0011] [1. Embodiment] Hereinafter, the embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, detailed descriptions that are not necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and duplicate descriptions of substantially the same configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid making the following description unnecessarily redundant and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. Note that the inventors provide the accompanying drawings and the following description so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the present disclosure, and do not intend to limit the subject matter described in the claims thereby.

[0012] The positional relationships such as up, down, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. Each of the drawings described in the following embodiments is a schematic diagram, and the ratios of the sizes and thicknesses of each component in each drawing do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios. Also, the dimensional ratios of each element are not limited to the ratios shown in the drawings.[[ID=L43]]

[0013] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish multiple components from each other, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are attached to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from each other by the reference numerals attached to them, the prefixes such as "first" and "second" may be omitted in consideration of the readability of the text.

[0014] [1.1 Configuration] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a piping system 1 according to an embodiment. The piping system 1 is for transporting a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. A fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more can be said to be a fluid in which the flow inside the cylinder becomes turbulent. Examples of the fluid include liquids (drinking water, heat source water, drainage, oil, etc.), gases (air, steam, etc.), and gas-liquid two-phase flows (mixture of liquid and gas). In the present embodiment, the piping system 1 is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1 is a rain gutter system that receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11 and flows it to the catch basin 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1 constitutes a flow path for rainwater. The rainwater collected in the catch basin 21 flows out from the catch basin 21 through the buried pipe 22 into the rainwater pipe. The building 11 is, for example, a building of a non-residential facility such as a store, office, factory, building, school, welfare facility, or hospital, and a residential facility such as a detached house, apartment house, or each dwelling unit of a detached house or apartment house. Non-residential facilities also include theaters, cinemas, convention halls, game arcades, complex facilities, department stores, hotels, inns, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping streets, stations, and airports, etc.

[0015] The piping system 1 includes a eaves gutter 2, a riser pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, elbows 5 (first elbow 5-1 and second elbow 5-2), a protruding member 6, and a drain 7.

[0016] The gutter 2 receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11. The gutter 2 is installed beneath the roof 11a of the building 11. As an example, the gutter 2 is positioned at the eaves of the roof 11a. In particular, the gutter 2 is positioned to extend along the eaves of the roof 11a. The gutter 2 is a long, barrel-shaped structure. The gutter 2 has a bottom wall 2a. An inlet 2b is formed in the bottom wall 2a, depending on the overall design of the piping system 1. The inlet 2b is, for example, a circular opening. In a rain gutter system, the inlet 2b is also called a water collection port, drain port, or outlet. As an example, the gutter 2 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The gutter 2 may have a core material to reinforce the overall strength of the gutter 2. The core material may be, for example, metal. As an alternative example, the gutter 2 may be formed from a metal sheet, for example, a steel sheet (also called a coil).

[0017] The drain 7 is positioned at the inlet 2b of the gutter 2. The drain 7 reduces the generation of vortices and air entrainment at the inlet 2b. The drain 7 may contribute to the generation of a siphon effect. The drain 7 may have a well-known configuration.

[0018] In piping system 1, the vertical pipe 3 is not directly connected to the inlet 2b, but is connected to the inlet 2b via the horizontal pipe 4, the first elbow 5-1, and the second elbow 5-2.

[0019] The vertical pipe 3 defines the vertical flow path. The vertical pipe 3 is fixed to the wall 11b of the building 11. In a rain gutter system, the vertical pipe 3 is also called a downpipe. The vertical pipe 3 is installed to drain rainwater from the inlet 2b. The vertical pipe 3 allows rainwater from the inlet 2b to flow vertically. The vertical pipe 3 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is angular (in particular, a square in this embodiment). The vertical pipe 3 is positioned such that the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 coincides with the vertical direction. The vertical pipe 3 has an upstream end 3a and a downstream end 3b. The upstream end 3a is the end of the vertical pipe 3 that is connected to the inlet 2b (the upper end in Figure 1). The downstream end 3b is the end of the vertical pipe 3 that is inserted into the manhole 21 (the lower end in Figure 1). In Figure 1, a pipe cover 34 is positioned to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through the gap between the vertical pipe 3 and the manhole 21.

[0020] The vertical pipe 3 is composed of multiple pipe materials. The vertical pipe 3 comprises straight pipes 31 and 32, and a connecting joint 33 that connects the straight pipes 31 and 32 to each other. Straight pipe 31 is the downstream portion of the vertical pipe 3, and straight pipe 32 is the upstream portion of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, straight pipe 31 is longer than straight pipe 32. The first end of straight pipe 32 (upper end in Figure 1) defines the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3, and the second end of straight pipe 32 (lower end in Figure 1) is connected to the first end of straight pipe 31 (upper end in Figure 1) via the connecting joint 33, defining the downstream end 3b of the vertical pipe 3.

[0021] The horizontal pipe 4 defines a flow path that intersects the vertical direction. In a rain gutter system, the horizontal pipe 4 is also called a connecting pipe. The horizontal pipe 4 is the part that allows rainwater from the building 11 to flow from the inlet 2b to the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is located between the rainwater inlet 2b from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is angular (in particular, a square shape in this embodiment). The horizontal pipe 4 is fixed so that the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is inclined with respect to the up and down direction (vertical direction). The horizontal pipe 4 has an upstream end 4a and a downstream end 4b. The upstream end 4a is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that connects to the inlet 2b (the left end in Figure 1). The downstream end 4b is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that connects to the vertical pipe 3 (the right end in Figure 1).

[0022] For example, the material for the vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4 is rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0023] The first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 are bent pipes that change the direction of the flow path. The first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 are connecting fittings that connect flow paths with different directions, such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe.

[0024] The first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 will be described in more detail below with reference to Figures 2 to 4. Since the first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 have the same structure, in the following description, the first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2 will not be distinguished and will simply be referred to as elbow 5.

[0025] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the elbow 5. The elbow 5 comprises a first socket 51, a second socket 52, and a curved pipe section 53 located between the first socket 51 and the second socket 52.

[0026] Figure 3 is a plan view of the elbow 5 from the first socket 51 side (i.e., a view of the elbow 5 from the first socket 51 side). The first socket 51 is used to connect a piping member upstream of the elbow 5 (drain 7 in the case of the first elbow 5-1, and horizontal pipe 4 in the case of the second elbow 5-2) to the elbow 5. The first socket 51 is straight. The first socket 51 has an inner circumferential surface 511 and an outer circumferential surface 512. The cross section of the first socket 51 perpendicular to the central axis C51 is angular (in particular, a square in this embodiment). The outer circumferential shape of the first socket 51 is constant in the direction of the central axis C51. The first socket 51 has a first insertion port 51a at the end opposite to the curved pipe section 53 in the direction of the central axis C51. In this embodiment, the first insertion port 51a is an angular (in particular, a square in this embodiment) opening. The inner circumference of the first socket 51a is larger than the outer circumference of the piping member connected to the first socket 51. In this embodiment, the inner circumference of the first socket 51a is set to correspond to a piping member having the same outer circumference.

[0027] Figure 4 is a plan view of the elbow 5 from the second socket 52 side (i.e., a view of the elbow 5 from the second socket 52 side). The second socket 52 is used to connect a piping member downstream of the elbow 5 (the horizontal pipe 4 in the case of the first elbow 5-1, and the vertical pipe 3 in the case of the second elbow 5-2) to the elbow 5. The second socket 52 is straight. The second socket 52 has an inner circumferential surface 521 and an outer circumferential surface 522. The cross-section of the second socket 52 perpendicular to the central axis C52 is angular (in particular, a square shape in this embodiment). The outer circumferential shape of the second socket 52 is constant in the direction of the central axis C52. The second socket 52 has a second insertion port 52a at the end opposite to the curved pipe section 53 in the direction of the central axis C52. In this embodiment, the second socket 52a is a rectangular (specifically, square in this embodiment) opening. The inner circumference of the second socket 52a is larger than the outer circumference of the piping member connected to the second socket 52. In this embodiment, the inner circumference of the second socket 52a is set to correspond to piping with the same outer circumference.

[0028] As shown in Figure 2, the central axis C52 of the second socket 52 intersects with the central axis C51 of the first socket 51. The angle θ between the central axis C51 of the first socket 51 and the central axis C52 of the second socket 52 is between 91° and 135°. In this embodiment, θ is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage".

[0029] The sizes of the first socket 51 and the second socket 52 (in particular, the outer circumference shape, thickness, inner circumference shape, etc.) may be set appropriately according to the size of the piping member to be connected to the elbow 5.

[0030] The curved pipe section 53 connects the first receiving port 51 and the second receiving port 52. In this embodiment, the curved pipe section 53 connects the first receiving port 51 and the second receiving port 52 in a continuous, integrated manner. The internal space of the second receiving port 52 and the internal space of the first receiving port 51 are connected via the internal space of the curved pipe section 53.

[0031] The curved pipe section 53 has a shape like a straight pipe bent at a right angle, and has an inner circumferential surface 531 and an outer circumferential surface 532. The inner circumferential surface 531 is connected to the inner circumferential surface 511 of the first receiving opening 51 and the inner circumferential surface of the second receiving opening 52. The outer circumferential surface 532 is connected to the inner circumferential surface 511 of the first receiving opening 51 and the inner circumferential surface of the second receiving opening 52.

[0032] As shown in Figure 2, the elbow 5 comprises an inner cylinder portion 54 and a connecting portion 55. In this embodiment, the inner cylinder portion 54 and the connecting portion 55 are formed continuously and integrally with the curved pipe portion 53.

[0033] As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the inner cylinder portion 54 is a straight tube. The inner cylinder portion 54 has an inner circumferential surface 541 and an outer circumferential surface 542. The cross-section of the inner cylinder portion 54 perpendicular to the central axis C54 is angular (in particular, a square shape in this embodiment). The outer and inner circumferential shapes of the inner cylinder portion 54 are substantially constant in the direction of the central axis C54 of the inner cylinder portion 54. The wall thickness of the inner cylinder portion 54 is smaller than the wall thickness of the second receiving port 52. This can suppress the reduction in the flow path cross-sectional area caused by the inner cylinder portion 54 and reduce the influence of the inner cylinder portion 54 on the flow path.

[0034] The inner cylinder portion 54 is positioned within the second receiving port 52 such that its central axis C54 coincides with the central axis C52 of the second receiving port 52. A gap G is formed between the inner circumferential surface 521 of the second receiving port 52 and the outer circumferential surface 542 of the inner cylinder portion 54, into which the end of the piping member connected to the second insertion port 52a fits. The length of the inner cylinder portion 54 is set so that it does not extend beyond the second insertion port 52a.

[0035] The connecting portion 55 connects the inner cylinder portion 54 to the curved pipe portion 53. In this embodiment, the connecting portion 55 connects the entire circumference of the end of the inner cylinder portion 54 opposite to the second insertion port 52a (the upstream end) to the inner circumferential surface 531 of the curved pipe portion 53. The connecting portion 55 is formed around the entire circumference of the inner circumferential surface 531 of the curved pipe portion 53 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C52 of the second receiving port 52.

[0036] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the connecting portion 55 has a receiving surface 55a facing the first insertion port 51a side of the first receiving port 51. The receiving surface 55a contacts the piping member inserted from the first insertion port 51a into the first receiving port 51, stabilizing the connection state of the piping to the first receiving port 51. In other words, this configuration makes it possible to improve the stability of the connection to the first insertion port 51a. Here, it is preferable that the amount of protrusion of the receiving surface 55a from the inner circumferential surface 511 is smaller than the wall thickness of the piping member inserted from the first insertion port 51a into the first receiving port 51. This makes it possible to ignore the influence of the connecting portion 55 on the flow path of the piping inserted from the first insertion port 51a into the first receiving port 51.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2, the elbow 5 comprises an inner cylinder portion 54 and a connecting portion 55, with the first receiving port 51, the connecting portion 55, and the inner cylinder portion 54 defining the inner circumferential surface of the elbow 5. Here, the boundary portion between the inner cylinder portion 54 and the connecting portion 55 forms the inner circumferential corner portion 50a of the elbow 5. The inner circumferential surface on the outer circumferential side of the elbow 5 has a corner portion 50b. The corner portion 50b is the outer circumferential corner portion of the inner circumferential surface 531 of the curved pipe portion 53. When there is a corner portion 50b, the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface on the outer circumferential side of the elbow 5 is expressed as the radius of curvature at the corner portion 50b in a plane passing through the central axes C51, C52. In this embodiment, the curved pipe portion 53 has a shape like a straight pipe bent at a right angle, and the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface on the outer circumferential side of the elbow 5 is less than 5 mm.

[0038] The piping system 1 includes a first elbow 5-1 and a second elbow 5-2. The direction of the flow path changes in each of the first elbow 5-1 and the second elbow 5-2. When the direction of the flow path changes, pressure loss due to separation can be one of the causes of a decrease in flow rate. In this embodiment, a projection member 6 is provided to reduce the decrease in flow rate due to pressure loss caused by the second elbow 5-2.

[0039] As shown in Figure 1, the projection member 6 is located downstream of the second elbow 5-2. More specifically, the projection member 6 is located on the inner circumference of the second elbow 5-2 within the vertical pipe 3, which is the straight pipe section downstream of the second elbow 5-2, and is used to partially reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the vertical pipe 3.

[0040] The projection member 6 is positioned within a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of the flow path, and is used to partially reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe. In the piping system 1, the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3 is positioned downstream of the second elbow 5-2 that changes the direction of the flow path. The projection member 6 is positioned so that at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is a straight pipe. In this embodiment, at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is a straight pipe 32.

[0041] The protruding member 6, together with the straight pipe 32 on which the protruding member 6 is placed and the elbow 5 (second elbow 5-2) to which the straight pipe 32 is connected, constitutes the piping member 10. In this embodiment, the piping member 10 is made up of a part of the vertical pipe 3 (straight pipe 32) rather than the entire vertical pipe 3, making it easy to transport.

[0042] Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10. The piping member 10 comprises a straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3, a projection member 6, and a second elbow 5-2.

[0043] In this embodiment, the straight pipe 32 is angular in shape, as described above. In particular, the inner circumferential surface 30a of the straight pipe 32 includes a first inner surface 30b, a second inner surface 30c, a third inner surface 30d, and a fourth inner surface 30e. The first inner surface 30b, the second inner surface 30c, the third inner surface 30d, and the fourth inner surface 30e are all planar in shape.

[0044] The first inner surface 30b and the second inner surface 30c face each other in a first direction X that is perpendicular to the direction Z of the central axis of the straight pipe 32 (which coincides with the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3).

[0045] The third inner surface 30d and the fourth inner surface 30e face each other in the second direction Y, which is perpendicular to the direction Z of the central axis of the straight pipe 32 (which coincides with the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3) and the first direction X, respectively.

[0046] In the straight pipe 32, both ends of the first inner surface 30b in the second direction Y are connected to the third inner surface 30d and the fourth inner surface 30e, respectively, via the first corner 30f and the second corner 30g. Both ends of the second inner surface 30c in the second direction Y are connected to the third inner surface 30d and the fourth inner surface 30e, respectively, via the third corner 30h and the fourth corner 30i.

[0047] In this embodiment, the first to fourth corners 30f to 30i are rounded (R-shaped). However, the first to fourth corners 30f to 30i may be tapered instead of rounded (R-shaped).

[0048] In this embodiment, the wall thickness of the straight pipe 32 is approximately constant, and the inner and outer circumferential shapes of the straight pipe 32 are similar.

[0049] The straight pipe 32 described above is connected to the second socket 52 of the elbow 5-2 such that the first inner surface 30b corresponds to the inner circumference side of the elbow 5-2 and the second inner surface 30c corresponds to the outer circumference side of the elbow 5-2.

[0050] As shown in Figure 5, the projection member 6 has a size that allows it to be placed inside the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3, i.e., it has a length, width, and height (thickness).

[0051] In this embodiment, the projection member 6 and the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3 are separate components and can be made of different materials. Examples of materials for the projection member 6 include resins such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rigid polyvinyl chloride (rigid PVC), PMMA, ABS, and ASA, or metals such as steel, aluminum, and stainless steel (rust-resistant metals). In particular, the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the projection member 6 and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the part to which the projection member 6 is attached (in this embodiment, the straight pipe 32 of the vertical pipe 3) is 4.7 × 10⁻⁶. -5 Preferably, 3.5 × 10 -5 The following is preferable. This reduces the possibility of the protruding member 6 peeling off due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences (for example, temperature differences between summer and winter). For example, the material of the protruding member 6 may be ASA and the material of the vertical pipe 3 may be PVC.

[0052] The projection member 6 has a first surface 60a and a second surface 60b. The first surface 60a is the surface facing the first inner surface 30b of the straight pipe 32. The second surface 60b is on the opposite side of the first surface 60a and acts on (contacts) the fluid flowing through the channel. The first surface 60a and the second surface 60b are both surfaces of the projection member 6 in a first direction X. The first direction X corresponds to the height of the projection member 6.

[0053] The projection member 6 has a first end 6a and a second end 6b in the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32. The direction Z of the central axis C3 corresponds to the length of the projection member 6. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are the ends of the projection member 6 in the longitudinal direction. The direction of the central axis C3 is also the direction along the flow path of the vertical pipe 3. The first end 6a is directed upstream, and the second end 6b is directed downstream. A fluid flow occurs in the projection member 6 from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0054] The projection member 6 has a third end 6c and a fourth end 6d in the second direction Y. The second direction Y corresponds to the width of the projection member 6. The third end 6c and the fourth end 6d are the ends of the projection member 6 in the width direction. The projection member 6 has an external shape that is mirror-symmetric with respect to a plane perpendicular to the second direction Y.

[0055] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Figure 6. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Figure 6.

[0056] As shown in Figures 6 and 8, the first surface 60a is used to fix the projection member 6 to the straight pipe 32. The first surface 60a includes a first region 60a1 and a second region 60a2. The first region 60a1 is the region on the second end 6b side of the first surface 60a, and the second region 60a2 is the region on the first end 6a side of the first surface 60a.

[0057] The first region 60a1 has a shape such that at least a portion of it can contact the inner circumferential surface 30a of the straight pipe 32. For example, the first region 60a1 is planar. The size of the first region 60a1 is set so that a sufficient contact area is secured between the first region 60a1 and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3 to fix the projection member 6 to the vertical pipe 3.

[0058] The second region 60a2 has a shape such that at least a portion of it can contact the inner circumferential surface 541 of the inner cylinder portion 54 of the elbow 5. For example, the second region 60a2 is planar in shape. It is preferable that there is no substantial gap between the second region 60a2 and the inner circumferential surface 541 of the inner cylinder portion 54.

[0059] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the projection member 6 has a projection 61. The projection 61 is used for connecting or positioning the vertical pipe 3 and the projection member 6. The projection 61 is positioned in a first region 60a1 of the first surface 60a. The projection 61 is shaped to fit into a hole 3c in the inner circumferential surface 30a of the straight pipe 32. In this embodiment, the vertical pipe 3 has one hole 3c at its upstream end 3a. The hole 3c is formed as a through hole. The projection member 6 has one projection 61 that fits into one hole 3c. By fitting one projection 61 into one hole 3c, the projection member 6 is positioned relative to the vertical pipe 3.

[0060] The placement of the protruding member 6 means that the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10 is not constant, and there are areas where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe 32. The protruding member 6 is located on the upstream end 3a side of the vertical pipe 3 rather than the downstream end 3b side of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6 is located on the upstream end 3a side of the vertical pipe 3. In other words, the protruding member 6 reduces the flow path at the upstream end 3a side of the vertical pipe 3 connected to the second elbow 5-2.

[0061] Next, the function of the projection member 6 in the piping member 10 will be explained. The projection member 6 is located inside the vertical pipe 3, which is positioned downstream of the second elbow 5-2. The second elbow 5-2 allows water flowing in from the horizontal pipe 4 to flow into the vertical pipe 3. If the direction of water flow changes significantly in the second elbow 5-2, pressure loss due to separation can be one of the causes of a decrease in flow rate.

[0062] The separation occurs downstream of the inner circumferential corner 50a of the second elbow 5-2, when the water separates from the pipe wall (the inner circumferential surface 30a of the straight pipe 32). In other words, water flowing in from the upstream side initially flows along the pipe wall (the inner circumferential surface of the horizontal pipe 4), but beyond the inner circumferential corner 50a of the second elbow 5-2, it may separate from the pipe wall (the inner circumferential surface 30a of the straight pipe 32). This type of separation is particularly noticeable when the water flow velocity is high. The higher the flow velocity, the wider the area over which pressure loss occurs.

[0063] In this embodiment, the piping member 10 has a projection member 6. The presence of the projection member 6 is expected to (1) make it easier for water to flow along the pipe wall than if there were no projection member 6, and (2) reduce the number of areas where the flow velocity may decrease. Therefore, the projection member 6 can reduce the decrease in flow velocity caused by separation downstream from the second elbow 5-2 and improve the flow rate. The piping member 10 can be made smaller because, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the inner surface on the inner side of the second elbow 5-2, simply by having the projection member 6. Therefore, the projection member 6 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The projection member 6 is located inside the vertical pipe 3, so the projection member 6 is not noticeable when viewed as part of the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the overall aesthetics of the piping system 1.

[0064] In particular, piping system 1 has pipe components such as vertical pipes 3, horizontal pipes 4, and elbows 5 that are not circular but square in shape. In other words, piping system 1 is a square piping system. In such square piping, flow loss is significant at corners such as elbows 5, which is a major cause of loss in fluid transport. Conventionally, one method to reduce such losses is to use flow straighteners, but since flow straighteners require strength in the flow of strong liquids, the support structure and strength design of the flow straighteners are inevitably required, and in addition, various considerations are necessary, such as the problem of deterioration over time and the tendency for foreign matter to clog due to the narrowing of the flow path as a result of its purpose.

[0065] However, in the piping system 1 of this embodiment, a projection member 6 that generates the Coanda effect is provided downstream of the elbow 5. This allows for strengthening of the flow along the projection member 6, reducing losses in the elbow 5 and significantly reducing overall losses. This loss reduction effect is considered to be particularly effective when the piping is nearly full. This means it is useful for drainage using the siphon effect.

[0066] The shape of the protruding member 6 will be described in more detail below.

[0067] As can be seen from Figure 6, the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the projection member 6, as viewed from the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. More specifically, as shown in Figure 6, the height of the projection member 6 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the projection member 6 has a curved working surface that extends from the first end 6a to the second end 6b, having a top 6e between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe 32.

[0068] The top portion 6e is located between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The top portion 6e is the tallest part of the projection member 6. The top portion 6e minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the height of the top portion 6e is uniform and does not change in the second direction.

[0069] The height of the projection member 6 increases monotonically from the first end 6a towards the top 6e. The height of the projection member 6 decreases monotonically from the top 6e towards the second end 6b.

[0070] Refer to Figure 6. Let Dv be the distance between the first and second inner surfaces 30b and 30c of the straight pipe 32. In this embodiment, it is preferable that Dv ≤ 200 mm and Dv ≥ 30 mm. Refer to Figure 7. Let Dh be the distance between the third and fourth inner surfaces 30d and 30e of the straight pipe 32. In this embodiment, it is preferable that Dh ≥ 30 mm and Dh ≤ 200 mm.

[0071] In the projection member 6, let a be the distance between the inner circumferential corner 50a of the elbow 5 (second elbow 5-2) and the first end 6a of the projection member 6 in the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32, let b be the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e in the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32, let c be the distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b in the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32, and let h be the height at the top 6e. a, b, c, and h may be set based on Dv. It is preferable that 0 ≤ a ≤ 0.2Dv. The closer a is to 0, the better. This allows the effect of reducing pressure loss by the projection member 6 to be exerted more efficiently. It is preferable that 0.1Dv ≤ b ≤ 1.0Dv, and preferably 0.3Dv ≤ b ≤ 0.7Dv. It is preferable that 0.2Dv ≤ c ≤ 3.0Dv, and preferably 0.5Dv ≤ c ≤ 2.0Dv. It is good if 0.05Dv ≤ h ≤ 0.70Dv, and also good if 0.1Dv ≤ h, or h ≤ 0.5Dv, and preferably 0.3Dv ≤ h. This allows fluid to flow more easily along the protruding member 6, enabling further improvement in flow rate.

[0072] Refer to Figure 8. In this embodiment, both ends of the first inner surface 30b in the second direction Y are connected to the third and fourth inner surfaces 30d and 30e, respectively, via the first and second corners 30f and 30g. Here, e1 is the distance between the third end 6c on the third inner surface 30d side of the projection member 6 and the first corner 30f, and e2 is the distance between the fourth end 6d on the fourth inner surface 30e side of the projection member 6 and the second corner 30g. e1 and e2 may be set based on Dv. It is preferable that 0 ≤ e1 ≤ 0.2Dv and 0 ≤ e2 ≤ 0.2Dv. This makes it easier for fluid to flow along the projection member 6, enabling further improvement of the flow rate. Also, f1 is the distance between the third end 6c on the third inner surface 30d side of the projection member 6 and the third inner surface 30d, and f2 is the distance between the fourth end 6d on the fourth inner surface 30e side of the projection member 6 and the fourth inner surface 30e. It is desirable that 0 ≤ f1 ≤ 0.2Dv and 0 ≤ f2 ≤ 0.2Dv. This allows fluid to flow more easily along the protruding member 6, enabling a further improvement in flow rate. In Figure 8, d1 is the chamfer dimension of the first corner 30f in the second direction Y, and d2 is the chamfer dimension of the second corner 30g in the second direction Y. Here, f1 = d1 + e1 and f2 = d2 + e2.

[0073] [1.2 Effects, etc.] The projection member 6 described above is a projection member 6 that is positioned in a straight pipe 32 located downstream of the elbow 5 (second elbow 5-2) that changes the direction of the flow path, and comprises a first end 6a facing upstream and a second end 6b facing downstream, and a curved working surface (second surface 60b) extending from the first end 6a to the second end 6b such that it has a top 6e between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe 32. The straight pipe 32 has first and second inner surfaces 30b and 30c with planar shapes corresponding to the inner and outer circumference sides of the elbow 5, respectively, and if the distance between the first and second inner surfaces 30b and 30c is Dv, then Dv ≤ 200 mm is satisfied. The projection member 6 satisfies the following conditions: 0 ≤ a ≤ 0.2Dv, 0.1Dv ≤ b ≤ Dv, 0.2Dv ≤ c ≤ 3.0Dv, and 0.05Dv ≤ h ≤ 0.70Dv, where a is the distance between the inner circumference corner 50a of the elbow 5 and the first end 6a in the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32; b is the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e in the direction Z of the central axis C3; c is the distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b in the direction Z of the central axis C3; and h is the height at the top 6e. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0074] The protruding member 6 satisfies 0.10Dv≦h. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0075] The protruding member 6 satisfies the condition h ≤ 0.50Dv. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0076] In the protruding member 6, the first and second inner surfaces 30b and 30c face each other in a first direction X perpendicular to the central axis C3, and the straight pipe 32 has third and fourth inner surfaces 30d and 30e with a planar shape that face each other in a second direction Y perpendicular to the direction of the central axis C3 and the first direction X, respectively. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0077] In the protruding member 6, the straight pipe 43 satisfies Dh ≥ 30 mm, where Dh is the distance between the third and fourth inner surfaces 30d and 30e. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0078] In the projection member 6, both ends of the first inner surface 30b in the second direction Y are connected to the third and fourth inner surfaces 30d and 30e, respectively, via tapered or rounded first and second corners 30f and 30g. If e1 is the distance between the third end 6c on the third inner surface 30d side of the projection member 6 and the first corner 30f, and e2 is the distance between the fourth end 6d on the fourth inner surface 30e side of the projection member 6 and the second corner 30g, then the following conditions are met: 0 ≤ e1 ≤ 0.2Dv and 0 ≤ e2 ≤ 0.2Dv. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0079] In the projection member 6, both ends of the first inner surface 30b in the second direction Y are connected to the third and fourth inner surfaces 30d and 30e, respectively, via tapered or rounded first and second corners 30f and 30g. If the distance between the third end 6c on the third inner surface 30d side of the projection member 6 and the third inner surface 30d is f1, and the distance between the fourth end 6d on the fourth inner surface 30e side of the projection member 6 and the fourth inner surface 30e is f2, then the conditions 0 ≤ f1 ≤ 0.2Dv and 0 ≤ f2 ≤ 0.2Dv are satisfied. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0080] The piping component 10 described above comprises a protruding member 6, an elbow 5, and a straight pipe 32. This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0081] The piping system 1 described above comprises a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4 located between the inlet 2b and the vertical pipe 3, a first elbow 5-1 located between the inlet 2b and the horizontal pipe 4, a second elbow 5-2 located between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3, and a protruding member 6 which is positioned as a straight pipe on at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 (straight pipe 32). This configuration allows for miniaturization while improving flow rate.

[0082] [2. Variant] The embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to those described above. The embodiments can be modified in various ways depending on the design, etc., as long as the objectives of this disclosure can be achieved. The following lists some modifications of the embodiments. The modifications described below can be combined and applied as appropriate.

[0083] [2.1 Variation 1] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10A according to Modification 1. The piping member 10A comprises a second elbow 5-2, a straight pipe 32, and a projection member 6A. The piping member 10A can be used in place of the piping member 10 in the piping system 1. Figure 9 is a view of the piping member 10A, showing a cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32 and passing through the top 6e, as seen from the downstream side.

[0084] In the projection member 6A, the third end 6c and the fourth end 6d are in contact with the third inner surface 30d and the fourth inner surface 30e of the straight pipe 32, respectively. That is, in the projection member 6A, f1=f2=0.

[0085] In the projection member 6, the working surface (second surface 60b) has the same cross-sectional shape in the second direction Y. In the projection member 6A, the working surface (second surface 60b) includes a portion with a different cross-sectional shape in the second direction Y, and the surface of the working surface (second surface 60b) in a cross-section perpendicular to the central axis C3 is curved. More specifically, in the projection member 6A, the height of the top 6e is not uniform in the second direction Y. More specifically, the top 6e has a central portion 6e1, an end portion 6e2 on the third end 6c side, and an end portion 6e3 on the fourth end 6d side in the second direction Y. In the second direction Y, the central portion 6e1 of the top 6e is recessed compared to both end portions 6e2 and 6e3. In particular, let Dc be the length of the central portion 6e1 in the second direction Y, h1 be the minimum height of the top 6e, and h2 be the maximum height of the top. The following conditions are met: Dc ≤ 0.6Dv, 0.05Dv ≤ h1 ≤ 0.40Dv, and 0.10Dv ≤ h2 ≤ 0.70v. This allows for increased flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0086] [2.2 Variation 2] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10B according to the modified example 2. The piping member 10B comprises a second elbow 5-2, a straight pipe 32, and a projection member 6B. The piping member 10B can be used in place of the piping member 10 in the piping system 1. Figure 10 is a view of the piping member 10B, showing a cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32 and passing through the top 6e, as seen from the downstream side.

[0087] In the projection member 6A, the third end 6c and the fourth end 6d are in contact with the third inner surface 30d and the fourth inner surface 30e of the straight pipe 32, respectively. That is, in the projection member 6A, f1=f2=0.

[0088] In the projection member 6, the working surface (second surface 60b) has the same cross-sectional shape in the second direction Y. In the projection member 6B, the working surface (second surface 60b) includes a portion with a different cross-sectional shape in the second direction Y, and the surface of the working surface (second surface 60b) in a cross-section perpendicular to the central axis C3 is curved. More specifically, in the projection member 6B, the height of the top 6e is not uniform in the second direction Y. More specifically, the top 6e has a central portion 6e1, an end portion 6e2 on the third end 6c side, and an end portion 6e3 on the fourth end 6d side in the second direction Y. In the second direction Y, both ends 6e2 and 6e3 of the top 6e are recessed compared to the central portion 6e1. In particular, let Dc be the length of the central portion 6e1 in the second direction Y, h1 be the minimum height of the top 6e, and h2 be the maximum height of the top. The following conditions are met: Dc ≤ 0.6Dv, 0.05Dv ≤ h1 ≤ 0.40Dv, and 0.10Dv ≤ h2 ≤ 0.70v. This allows for increased flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0089] [2.3 Variation 3] Refer to Figure 7 for the explanation of Modification 3. In Modification 3, the working surface (second surface 60b) of the projection member 6 may include a water-repellent region.

[0090] The water-repellent region may occupy 70% or more of the working surface (second surface 60b) in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32. On the other hand, in the second direction Y, the water-repellent region may cover the entire working surface (second surface 60b). In particular, at least a part of the water-repellent region may be located between the first end 6a and the top 6e. Preferably, the water-repellent region occupies most of (e.g., 70% or more) of the area between the first end 6a and the top 6e on the second surface 60b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32. In other words, the area of ​​the water-repellent region may be 70% or more of the area between the first end 6a and the top 6e on the second surface 60b. For example, the entire water-repellent region may be located between the top 6e and the first end 6a on the second surface 60b.

[0091] When a fluid flows along the second surface 60b of the projection member 6, vortices are generated within the fluid. By separating these vortices from the second surface 60b, the separation of the turbulent boundary layer can be reduced. In particular, in the projection member 6, the region between the first end 6a and the top 6e on the second surface 60b faces upward. Therefore, when a fluid flows along the second surface 60b, gravity pushes the fluid towards the second surface 60b. This causes the vortices within the fluid to approach the second surface 60b. However, the presence of a water-repellent region on the second surface 60b allows the vortices to be separated from the second surface 60b, thereby reducing the separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0092] For example, the contact angle of the water-repellent region may be 90° or greater. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the second surface 60b of the protruding member 6, thereby improving the flow rate. The contact angle is defined as the angle between the liquid surface and the solid surface (taking the angle within the liquid), and the smaller the contact angle, the higher the hydrophilicity (lower the water repellency), while the larger the contact angle, the lower the hydrophilicity (higher the water repellency).

[0093] The water-repellent region can be achieved, for example, by using a water-repellent material. Specifically, at least the portion corresponding to the water-repellent region on the second surface 60b can be made of a water-repellent material. Examples of water-repellent materials include fluororesins or resins with a fluorocoating, but are not limited to these, and may be any well-known water-repellent material.

[0094] Furthermore, the water-repellent region may have a water-repellent structure.

[0095] Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram of the first example of a water-repellent structure. In the first example, the water-repellent structure includes a plurality of protrusions 610. The protrusions 610 extend along the flow direction F0. The flow direction F0 corresponds to the length direction of the projection member 6, i.e., the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32. The plurality of protrusions 610 are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The direction intersecting the flow direction F0 corresponds to the width direction of the projection member 6, i.e., the second direction Y of the straight pipe 32. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is between 2 and 100. The protrusions 610 are triangular in shape when viewed from the flow direction F0. As an example, the base W610 of the protrusions 610 is between 10 μm and 500 μm, the height H610 of the protrusions 610 is between 10 μm and 500 μm, and the predetermined interval D610 is between 10 μm and 2000 μm.

[0096] Figure 12 is an explanatory diagram of a second example of a water-repellent structure. In the second example, the water-repellent structure includes a plurality of protrusions 620. The protrusions 620, like the protrusions 610, extend along the flow direction F0, and the plurality of protrusions 620 are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is between 2 and 100. The protrusions 620 are rectangular or square when viewed from the flow direction F0. As an example, the width W620 of the protrusions 620 is between 10 μm and 500 μm, the height H620 of the protrusions 620 is between 10 μm and 500 μm, and the predetermined interval D620 is between 10 μm and 2000 μm.

[0097] Such a water-repellent structure allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the second surface 60b of the protruding member 6, thereby improving the flow rate. The water-repellent structure shown in Figures 11 and 12 is called a riblet and can be formed by riblet processing. However, the water-repellent structure is not limited to riblets. A water-repellent structure can also be achieved by blast processing or by applying a pre-processed film.

[0098] As described above, the presence of a water-repellent region on the second surface 60b of the protruding member 6 allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the second surface 60b of the protruding member 6, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0099] [2.4 Modification 4] Refer to Figure 7 for the explanation of Modification 4. In Modification 4, the working surface (second surface 60b) of the projection member 6 may include a hydrophilic region having hydrophilic properties.

[0100] The hydrophilic region may occupy 70% or more of the working surface (second surface 60b) in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32. On the other hand, in the second direction Y, the hydrophilic region may cover the entire working surface (second surface 60b). In particular, at least a part of the hydrophilic region may be located between the second end 6b and the top 6e. Preferably, the hydrophilic region occupies most of (e.g., 70% or more) of the area between the second end 6b and the top 6e on the second surface 60b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32. In other words, the area of ​​the hydrophilic region may be 70% or more of the area between the second end 6b and the top 6e on the second surface 60b. For example, the entire hydrophilic region may be located between the top 6e and the second end 6b on the second surface 60b.

[0101] In the protruding member 6, the region between the top 6e and the second end 6b on the second surface 60b faces downward. Therefore, when a fluid flows along the second surface 60b, gravity causes the fluid to move away from the second surface 60b. However, the presence of a hydrophilic region attracts the fluid to the second surface 60b, thereby reducing the separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0102] The contact angle of the hydrophilic region may be 80° or less. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the second surface 60b of the protruding member 6, thereby improving the flow rate. The contact angle is defined as the angle between the liquid surface and the solid surface (taking the angle within the liquid). A smaller contact angle indicates higher hydrophilicity (lower hydrophobicity), while a larger contact angle indicates lower hydrophilicity (higher hydrophobicity).

[0103] Hydrophilic regions can be realized, for example, using hydrophilic materials. Specifically, at least the portion corresponding to the hydrophilic region on the second surface 60b can be made of a hydrophilic material. Examples of hydrophilic materials include hydrophilic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or hydrophilic coating agents such as polymer-based coatings, but are not limited to these, and may be any well-known hydrophilic material. In this case, the material of the protruding member 6 may be a hydrophilic material, or the protruding member 6 may be coated with a hydrophilic material.

[0104] The hydrophilic region may have a hydrophilic structure.

[0105] Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a hydrophilic structure. In Figure 13, the hydrophilic structure includes a plurality of grooves (recesses) 630. The grooves 630 extend along the flow direction F0. The flow direction F0 corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the projection member 6, i.e., the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32. The width W630 of the plurality of grooves 630 is the range in which water capillary action occurs. The range in which water capillary action occurs is in the order of nanometers for the width W630, for example, in the range of 10 nm to several hundred nm. The grooves 630 are rectangular in shape when viewed from the flow direction F0. In other words, the hydrophilic structure includes a plurality of protrusions 631. The protrusions 631 extend along the flow direction F0. The plurality of protrusions 631 are arranged at predetermined intervals (width W630 of the grooves 630) in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The direction intersecting the flow direction F0 corresponds to the width direction of the projection member 6, i.e., the second direction Y of the straight pipe 32. The predetermined interval is the range in which capillary action of water occurs. Thus, in the projection member 6, the working surface (second surface 60b) may include a groove 630 extending in the direction Z of the central axis C3.

[0106] Such a hydrophilic structure can increase the distance the fluid travels along the second surface 60b of the protruding member 6, thereby improving the flow rate. The hydrophilic structure may also be a structure that improves the surface smoothness of the second surface 60b. This also improves hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the hydrophilic structure can also be achieved by processing to form grooves 630 that cause capillary action of water, processing to improve surface smoothness, or by attaching a film that has undergone such processing.

[0107] As described above, the presence of a hydrophilic region on the second surface 60b of the projection member 6 allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the second surface 60b of the projection member 6, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0108] [2.5 Variation 5] Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10C according to the modified example 5. The piping member 10C comprises a second elbow 5-2, a straight pipe 32, and a projection member 6C. The piping member 10C can be used in place of the piping member 10 in the piping system 1. Figure 14 is a view of the piping member 10C, showing a cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32 and passing through the top 6e, as seen from the downstream side.

[0109] The projection member 6C has the same surface shape as the projection member 6, but is hollow. As shown in Figure 14, the projection member 6C is provided with an outer casing 62 that defines the surface shape of the projection member 6C. Let the thickness of the outer casing be t. It is preferable that t is 1 mm or more.

[0110] The protruding member 6C described above has a hollow structure, and the thickness t of the outer casing that defines the surface shape of the protruding member 6 is 1 mm or more. This makes it possible to reduce manufacturing costs while maintaining the strength of the protruding member 6C.

[0111] [2.6 Other variations] In one modified example, the projection member 6 does not necessarily need to have an external shape that is mirror-symmetric with respect to a plane perpendicular to the second direction Y. That is, the working surface (second surface 60b) of the projection member 6, when viewed from the direction Z of the central axis C3, may have an asymmetric shape. This makes it possible to accommodate cases where the flow distribution within the piping system 1 is non-uniform.

[0112] In one modified example, the width of the projection member 6 may vary along the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The width of the projection member 6 refers to the width of the projection member 6 at the point closest to the inner circumferential surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the width of the projection member 6 corresponds to the distance between the third and fourth ends 6c, 6d of the projection member 6. For example, the projection member 6 may include a tapered portion that narrows towards the second end 6b in the direction Z of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. This allows for further improvement of the flow rate.

[0113] In one modified example, the vertical pipe 3 may be composed of a single pipe material instead of multiple pipe materials. Even in this case, the projection member 6 may be arranged as a straight pipe, at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3. Here, at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is the entire vertical pipe 3.

[0114] In one modified example, the shape, number, and arrangement of the protrusions 61 of the projection member 6 may be appropriately changed according to the shape, number, and arrangement of the holes 3c of the vertical pipe 3. Preferably, the protrusions 61 and holes 3c are provided in such a way that the positioning of the projection member 6 relative to the vertical pipe 3 is easy. However, the projection member 6 does not necessarily need to have protrusions 61.

[0115] In one modified example, the projection member 6 does not need to be entirely contained within the elbow 5 and the vertical pipe 3. In particular, the second end 6b of the projection member 6 may protrude outward from the vertical pipe 3. Conversely, the projection member 6 may be entirely contained within the straight pipe and not protrude into the elbow 5.

[0116] In one modified example, the shape and size of part or all of the piping system 1 may differ from those of the above embodiment. For example, unlike the above embodiment, in the piping system 1, the shape of the elbow 5, the shape of the vertical pipe 3, and the shape of the horizontal pipe 4 may be polygonal rather than rectangular.

[0117] In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to have a gutter 2. For example, if the building 11 has a structure that includes a water collection outlet such as a balcony, the first elbow 5-1 of the piping system 1 may be connected to the water collection outlet of the building 11.

[0118] In one modified example, the drain 7 may be a drain with a structure that is generally considered not to contribute to the occurrence or promotion of the siphon phenomenon. In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to be equipped with the drain 7. The drain 7 is not an essential component of the piping system 1 and may be provided as appropriate considering the installation environment of the piping system 1.

[0119] In one modified example, the piping system 1 is not limited to a rain gutter system, which is a type of drainage system, but may also be other drainage systems such as sewage systems, or it may be applied to water supply systems such as water supply systems. In other words, the protruding member or piping member can be used in a system that supplies or drains water.

[0120] [3. Appearance] As will be apparent from the above embodiments and modifications, this disclosure includes the following aspects.

[0121] [Aspect 1] A projection member positioned inside a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of the flow path, A first end facing upstream and a second end facing downstream, A curved surface extending from the first end to the second end has a apex between the first end and the second end that minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe, Equipped with, The straight pipe has first and second inner surfaces with planar shapes corresponding to the inner and outer circumferences of the elbow, respectively. If the distance between the first and second inner surfaces is Dv, Satisfying Dv ≤ 200 mm, The aforementioned projection member is The distance between the inner circumferential corner of the elbow and the first end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is a, The distance between the first end and the top in the direction of the central axis is b. The distance between the vertex and the second end in the direction of the central axis is c. If the height at the top is h, 0 ≤ a ≤ 0.2Dv, 0.1Dv≦b≦Dv, 0.2Dv≦c≦3.0Dv, and, 0.05Dv ≤ h ≤ 0.70Dv, Satisfying Protruding member.

[0122] [Aspect 2] Satisfying 0.10Dv≦h, A protruding member according to embodiment 1.

[0123] [Aspect 3] Satisfying h ≤ 0.50Dv, A projection member according to embodiment 1 or 2.

[0124] [Aspect 4] The first and second inner surfaces face each other in a first direction perpendicular to the central axis, The straight pipe has third and fourth inner surfaces with planar shapes that face each other in a second direction perpendicular to the direction of the central axis and the first direction, respectively. A projection member from any one of the embodiments 1 to 3.

[0125] [Aspect 5] If the distance between the third and fourth inner surfaces is Dh, Satisfying Dh ≥ 30 mm, A projection member according to embodiment 4.

[0126] [Aspect 6] The aforementioned working surface includes portions with different cross-sectional shapes in the second direction, The surface of the working surface in a cross-section perpendicular to the central axis is curved. A projection member according to embodiment 4 or 5.

[0127] [Aspect 7] The working surface, when viewed from the direction of the central axis, has an asymmetrical shape. A protruding member according to embodiment 6.

[0128] [Aspect 8] The aforementioned top portion has a shape in which the central part is recessed in the second direction compared to both ends. The length of the central portion in the second direction is Dc, The minimum value of the height at the top is h1. The maximum value of the height at the top is h2. So, Dc ≤ 0.6Dv, 0.05Dv≦h1≦0.40Dv, 0.10Dv ≤ h2 ≤ 0.70v, Satisfying A projection member from any one of embodiments 4 to 7.

[0129] [Aspect 9] The aforementioned top portion has a shape in which both ends are recessed compared to the central portion in the second direction. The length of the central portion in the second direction is Dc, The minimum value of the height at the top is h1. The maximum value of the height at the top is h2. So, Dc ≤ 0.6Dv, 0.05Dv≦h1≦0.40Dv, 0.10Dv ≤ h2 ≤ 0.70v, Satisfying A projection member from any one of embodiments 4 to 8.

[0130] [Aspect 10] Both ends of the first inner surface in the second direction are connected to the third and fourth inner surfaces, respectively, via tapered or rounded first and second corners. The distance between the third end on the third inner surface side of the projection member and the first corner is e1. If e2 is the distance between the fourth end on the fourth inner surface side of the projection member and the second corner, 0 ≤ e1 ≤ 0.2Dv, 0 ≤ e2 ≤ 0.2Dv, Satisfying A projection member from any one of embodiments 4 to 9.

[0131] [Aspect 11] Both ends of the first inner surface in the second direction are connected to the third and fourth inner surfaces, respectively, via tapered or rounded first and second corners. The distance between the third end on the third inner surface side of the projection member and the third inner surface is f1. If the distance between the fourth end on the fourth inner surface side of the projection member and the fourth inner surface is f2, 0≦f1≦0.2Dv, 0≦f2≦0.2Dv, Satisfying A protruding member from any one of embodiments 4 to 10.

[0132] [Aspect 12] The aforementioned surface includes a water-repellent region having water-repellent properties. A protruding member from any one of embodiments 1 to 9. [Aspect 13] The water-repellent region occupies 70% or more of the surface in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. A projection member according to embodiment 12.

[0133] [Aspect 14] The water-repellent region has a water-repellent structure that includes a plurality of protrusions aligned along the direction of the central axis, which are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the central axis. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is between 2 and 100. A projection member according to embodiment 13.

[0134] [Aspect 15] At least a portion of the water-repellent region is located between the first end and the top portion. A projection member according to embodiment 12.

[0135] [Aspect 16] The water-repellent region has a water-repellent structure that includes a plurality of protrusions aligned along the direction of the central axis, which are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the central axis. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is between 2 and 100. A projection member according to embodiment 15.

[0136] [Aspect 17] The aforementioned protruding member has a hollow structure, The thickness of the outer casing that defines the surface shape of the aforementioned protruding member is 1 mm or more. A projection member from any one of embodiments 1 to 16.

[0137] [Aspect 18] The working surface includes a groove extending in the direction of the central axis, A projection member from any one of embodiments 1 to 17.

[0138] [Aspect 19] A protruding member from any one of embodiments 1 to 18, The aforementioned elbow and, The aforementioned straight pipe and, Equipped with, Piping components.

[0139] [Aspect 20] Vertical pipe and A horizontal pipe located between the inlet and the vertical pipe, The first elbow is located between the inlet and the horizontal pipe, A second elbow located between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe, A projection member, one of the embodiments 1 to 19, is provided, wherein at least a portion of the vertical pipe is arranged as the straight pipe. Equipped with, Piping system.

[0140] Appearances 2-18 are optional and not required. [Industrial applicability]

[0141] This disclosure is applicable to projection members, piping members, and piping systems. Specifically, this disclosure is applicable to projection members for changing the cross-sectional area of ​​a flow path, piping members equipped with projection members, and piping systems equipped with piping members. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0142] 1. Piping System 3. Vertical pipe 32 straight pipe 30b 1st inner surface 30c 2nd inner surface 30d Third inner surface 30e Fourth inner surface 30f 1st corner 30g 2nd corner 5 Elbow 5-1 First Elbow 5-2 Second Elbow 50a Corner 6, 6A, 6B, 6C Protruding members 6a 1st end 6b 2nd end 6c 3rd end 6d 4th end 6e Top 60b 2nd surface (action surface) 610, 620 protrusions 630 Groove 62 Outer shell 10, 10A, 10B, 10C piping components

Claims

1. A projection member positioned inside a straight pipe located downstream of an elbow that changes the direction of the flow path, A first end facing upstream and a second end facing downstream, A curved surface extending from the first end to the second end has a apex between the first end and the second end that minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe, Equipped with, The straight pipe has first and second inner surfaces with planar shapes corresponding to the inner and outer circumferences of the elbow, respectively. If the distance between the first and second inner surfaces is Dv, Satisfying Dv ≤ 200 mm, The aforementioned projection member is The distance between the inner circumferential corner of the elbow and the first end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is a. The distance between the first end and the top in the direction of the central axis is b. The distance between the apex and the second end in the direction of the central axis is c. If the height at the top is h, 0≦a≦0.2Dv, 0.1Dv ≤ b ≤ Dv, 0.2Dv ≤ c ≤ 3.0Dv, and, 0.05Dv≦h≦0.70Dv, Satisfying Protruding member.

2. Satisfying 0.10Dv ≤ h, The projection member according to claim 1.

3. The following conditions satisfy h ≤ 0.50Dv The projection member according to claim 1.

4. The first and second inner surfaces face each other in a first direction perpendicular to the central axis, The straight pipe has third and fourth inner surfaces with planar shapes that face each other in a second direction perpendicular to the direction of the central axis and the first direction, respectively. The projection member according to claim 1.

5. If the distance between the third and fourth inner surfaces is Dh, Satisfying Dh ≥ 30 mm, The projection member according to claim 4.

6. The aforementioned working surface includes portions with different cross-sectional shapes in the second direction, The surface of the working surface in a cross-section perpendicular to the central axis is curved. The projection member according to claim 4.

7. The working surface, when viewed from the direction of the central axis, has an asymmetrical shape. The projection member according to claim 6.

8. The aforementioned top portion has a shape in which the central part is recessed in the second direction compared to both ends. The length of the central portion in the second direction is Dc, The minimum value of the height at the top is h1. The maximum value of the height at the top is h2. So, Dc ≤ 0.6Dv, 0.05Dv≦h1≦0.40Dv, 0.10Dv≦h2≦0.70v, Satisfying The projection member according to claim 4.

9. The aforementioned top portion has a shape in which both ends are recessed compared to the central portion in the second direction. The length of the central portion in the second direction is Dc, The minimum value of the height at the top is h1. The maximum value of the height at the top is h2. So, Dc ≤ 0.6Dv, 0.05Dv≦h1≦0.40Dv, 0.10Dv≦h2≦0.70v, Satisfying The projection member according to claim 4.

10. Both ends of the first inner surface in the second direction are connected to the third and fourth inner surfaces, respectively, via tapered or rounded first and second corners. The distance between the third end on the third inner surface side of the projection member and the first corner is e1. If e2 is the distance between the fourth end on the fourth inner surface side of the projection member and the second corner, 0≦e1≦0.2Dv, 0≦e2≦0.2Dv, Satisfying A projection member according to any one of claims 4 to 9.

11. Both ends of the first inner surface in the second direction are connected to the third and fourth inner surfaces, respectively, via tapered or rounded first and second corners. The distance between the third end on the third inner surface side of the projection member and the third inner surface is f1. If the distance between the fourth end on the fourth inner surface side of the projection member and the fourth inner surface is f2, 0≦f1≦0.2Dv, 0≦f2≦0.2Dv, Satisfying A projection member according to any one of claims 4 to 9.

12. The aforementioned surface includes a water-repellent region having water-repellent properties. A projection member according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

13. The water-repellent region occupies 70% or more of the surface in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe. The projection member according to claim 12.

14. The water-repellent region has a water-repellent structure that includes a plurality of protrusions aligned along the direction of the central axis, which are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the central axis. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is between 2 and 100. The projection member according to claim 13.

15. At least a portion of the water-repellent region is located between the first end and the top portion. The projection member according to claim 12.

16. The water-repellent region has a water-repellent structure that includes a plurality of protrusions aligned along the direction of the central axis, which are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the central axis. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is between 2 and 100. The projection member according to claim 15.

17. The aforementioned protruding member has a hollow structure, The thickness of the outer casing that defines the surface shape of the aforementioned protruding member is 1 mm or more. A projection member according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

18. The working surface includes a groove extending in the direction of the central axis, A projection member according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

19. A projection member comprising any one of claims 1 to 9, The aforementioned elbow and, The aforementioned straight pipe and, Equipped with, Piping components.

20. Vertical pipe and A horizontal pipe located between the inlet and the vertical pipe, The first elbow is located between the inlet and the horizontal pipe, A second elbow located between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe, A projection member, which is arranged as a straight pipe, comprising at least a portion of the vertical pipe, and any one of claims 1 to 9, Equipped with, Piping system.

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