Conductive ink, its manufacturing method, and applications

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of conductive inks and provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and its applications. The conductive ink, with a total weight of 100%, contains the following components by weight percentage: 1-85% organic conductive material and 15-99% solvent, the solvent having a boiling point of 150°C or lower. Because the conductive ink according to this application contains an organic conductive material and a solvent, and the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower, the conductive ink of this application dries quickly when applied, has high production efficiency, and the formed transparent conductive film layer is uniform, flat, and dense, resulting in good product quality.

Description

Cross-reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with the application number 202310637931.1 and the title "Conductive Ink and Its Manufacturing Method and Applications", which was filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on May 31, 2023, and all of its contents are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the technical field of conductive inks, and particularly relates to conductive inks and their manufacturing methods and applications.

Background Art

[0003] Conductive materials are important components of optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, electrochromic devices, touchscreens, defrosting windows, and electromagnetic shields. Among various types of conductive materials, indium tin oxide (ITO), an inorganic conductive material, occupies the main market of global conductive materials due to its excellent optical transmittance in the visible light region and outstanding electrical properties. However, the film formed by ITO has drawbacks such as high rigidity, large brittleness, and low stress, and cannot meet the manufacturing processes of roll-to-roll products and the development needs of flexible products. In addition, indium contained in ITO is a rare earth element with a scarce reserve. With the increasing market demand for ITO, the price of indium has soared, and the supply of indium has also been gradually greatly restricted.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop high-performance and low-cost ITO substitutes such as metal meshes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal oxides, and organic conductive materials. Among them, organic conductive materials are popular because they have advantages such as solution processability, mechanical robustness, and low cost. For example, as a kind of organic conductive material, n-type conductive polymers simultaneously have efficient electron transport and high carrier concentration, so the film manufactured using n-type conductive polymers has excellent electrical properties comparable to those of ITO and high light transmittance.

[0005] In conventional technology, to manufacture films containing organic conductive materials, polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide (N,N-Dimethylformamide, DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are typically used to dissolve the organic conductive material, such as an n-type conductive polymer. However, while the solvent needs to be evaporated during the film molding process, these solvents have high boiling points and low saturated vapor pressures at room temperature. As a result, evaporation is slow during the manufacturing process, drying times are long, and it is often necessary to operate the solvent overnight, which seriously impacts production efficiency. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and its applications that solve problems such as the slow evaporation rate and low work efficiency that exist in conventional conductive inks due to the use of high-boiling point solvents.

[0007] To achieve the objectives of the above application, the following technical solutions are adopted in this application.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a conductive ink comprising, with a total weight of 100%, the following components in weight percentage: 1-85% organic conductive material and 15-99% solvent, wherein the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower.

[0009] In a second embodiment, the present application provides a method for producing a conductive ink, which includes providing the components of the conductive ink of the present application and mixing an organic conductive material with a solvent to obtain a conductive ink.

[0010] In a third embodiment, the present application provides a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive film manufactured from a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application.

[0011] In a fourth embodiment, the present application provides a conductive substrate comprising a substrate layer and an electrode layer disposed on the substrate layer, wherein the electrode layer includes a conductive film according to the present application.

[0012] In a fifth embodiment, the present application relates to an electrochromic diaphragm comprising a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic dielectric layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer arranged in order, wherein at least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprises a conductive film according to the present application, or the electrochromic diaphragm comprises a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer arranged in order, wherein the second electrode layer comprises the conductive film described in claim 15, or both the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprise the conductive film described in claim 15, or the electrochromic The invention provides an electrochromic diaphragm comprising a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are stacked in order, wherein the second electrode layer comprises a conductive film according to the present invention, or where both the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprise a conductive film according to the present invention, or where the electrochromic diaphragm comprises a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are stacked in order, wherein at least one of the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, the ion storage layer, and the electrochromic layer comprises a conductive film according to the present invention.

[0013] In a sixth embodiment, the present application provides an electrochromic device comprising at least one substrate layer and an electrochromic diaphragm according to the present application, wherein the substrate layer and the electrochromic diaphragm are laminated and installed together.

[0014] In a seventh embodiment, the Application provides a terminal product comprising an electrochromic diaphragm or an electrochromic device relating to the Application, the terminal product comprising any one of the following: a rearview mirror, a curtain wall, an automobile sunroof, an automobile side window, an automobile windshield, an electronic product housing, eyeglasses, a vehicle, and a display panel.

[0015] Compared to the prior art, this invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0016] The conductive ink according to the first aspect of the present application contains an organic conductive material and a solvent, and since the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower, even if the boiling point of the solvent contained in the conductive ink decreases, the corresponding saturated vapor pressure increases. Therefore, when the conductive ink of the present application is used in the manufacture of a conductive film, the solvent volatilizes quickly, dries easily, and improves production efficiency. Furthermore, because the boiling point of the solvent is low, its volatilization is also easier and more comprehensive. As a result, the conductive film formed with the conductive ink has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, and density. Moreover, since the conductive ink contains an organic conductive material, such as an n-type conductive polymer, which has high conductive properties, the conductive film manufactured with the conductive ink has excellent conductivity, and the electrical conductivity of the conductive film can be improved.

[0017] The method for manufacturing conductive ink according to the second aspect of the present application allows for obtaining conductive ink by mixing an organic conductive material with a solvent. Since the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower, the manufactured conductive ink dries easily when manufacturing a conductive film, resulting in high production efficiency. The formed conductive film has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, and density. Furthermore, because the conductive ink contains an organic conductive material, such as an n-type conductive polymer, and has high conductivity, the conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink produced by this method has excellent conductivity, improving the electrical conductivity of the conductive film. Moreover, this manufacturing method is simple and easy to implement, has low operating condition requirements, is low cost, and is suitable for mass production.

[0018] A conductive film according to a third aspect of the present application is manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application. Since the solvent in the conductive ink has a boiling point of 150°C or lower, even if the boiling point of the solvent contained in the conductive ink decreases, the corresponding saturated vapor pressure increases. Therefore, when the conductive ink of the present application is used in the manufacture of a conductive film, the solvent volatilizes quickly, dries easily, and improves production efficiency. Furthermore, because the boiling point of the solvent is low and its volatilization is easier and more even, the conductive film formed from the conductive ink has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, and density. In addition, since the conductive ink contains an organic conductive material, such as an n-type conductive polymer, which has high conductive properties, the conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink has excellent conductivity and can improve the electrical conductivity of the conductive film.

[0019] In the conductive substrate according to the fourth aspect of the present application, since the electrode layer placed on the substrate layer includes the conductive film according to the present application, the electrode layer in the conductive substrate has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density, and excellent electrical conductivity, and as a result the formed conductive substrate has better quality and is more suitable for the manufacture of various devices or products.

[0020] An electrochromic diaphragm according to a fifth aspect of the present application includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic dielectric layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate layer arranged in order, or includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate layer arranged in order, or includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate layer arranged in order, or includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate layer arranged in order. At least one of the first electrode layer, second electrode layer, ion storage layer, and electrochromic layer includes the conductive film according to the present application, and the conductive film is manufactured from the conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application. Because the conductive film has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density, and excellent electrical conductivity, when the electrode layer includes the conductive film, the resistance distribution of the electrode layer can be made more uniform and the electrical conductivity can be made better. When the ion storage layer or electrochromic layer includes the conductive film, the ion storage layer or electrochromic layer can have more uniform and rapid ion or electron conduction characteristics. The electrochromic diaphragm of the present application can also have excellent performance such as more uniform discoloration and faster discoloration efficiency.

[0021] An electrochromic device according to a sixth aspect of the present application includes at least one substrate layer and an electrochromic diaphragm according to the present application, wherein the substrate layer and the electrochromic diaphragm are laminated and installed, that is, the electrochromic diaphragm is installed on the substrate layer or interposed between the substrate layers, thereby providing better support for the electrochromic diaphragm, and in particular when interposed between the substrate layers, the electrochromic diaphragm is well protected by the substrate layer, and because the electrochromic diaphragm in the electrochromic device includes the conductive film according to the present application, the electrochromic device also has excellent performance, such as more uniform and rapid discoloration.

[0022] The terminal product according to the seventh aspect of the present application includes the electrochromic diaphragm or the electrochromic device according to the present application. That is, since the terminal products all include the conductive film according to the present application, the terminal products according to the present application have advantages such as excellent discoloration performance. When the terminal products are applied to devices such as vehicles (for example, automobiles), electronic products (for example, consumer electronics), or buildings, the devices can have better discoloration performance.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are necessary for use in the following descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following descriptions are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conductive substrate according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0025] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic diaphragm according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0026] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic diaphragm according to other embodiments of the present application.

[0027] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic diaphragm according to yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic diaphragm according to some other embodiments of the present application.

[0029] FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic device according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0030] FIG. 7 is a photograph of a conductive film formed by applying a conductive ink on the surface of a PET substrate according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0031] Figure 8 is a photograph of a conductive film formed by applying the conductive ink according to Example 2 of the present invention to the surface of a PET substrate.

[0032] Figure 9 is a photograph of a conductive film formed by applying the conductive ink according to Example 3 of the present invention to the surface of a PET substrate.

[0033] Figure 10 is a photograph of a conductive film formed by applying the conductive ink according to Example 4 of the present invention to the surface of a PET substrate.

[0034] Figure 11 is a photograph of a conductive film formed by applying the conductive ink according to Example 5 of the present invention to the surface of a PET substrate.

[0035] Figure 12 is a photograph of a conductive film formed by applying the conductive ink according to Comparative Example 1 of the present application to the surface of a PET substrate.

[0036] Figure 13 is a photograph of a conductive film formed by applying the conductive ink according to Comparative Example 2 of the present invention to the surface of a PET substrate.

[0037] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the cyclic voltammetry curve of the conductive film manufactured in Example 1 of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0038] Explanation of the symbols for the main components:

[0039] 1: Electrochromic device, 2: Substrate layer, 21: First substrate layer, 22: Second substrate layer, 3: Electrochromic diaphragm, 31: Conductive substrate, 311: Substrate layer, 3111: First substrate layer, 3112: Second substrate layer, 312: Electrode layer, 3121: First electrode layer, 3122: Second electrode layer, 32: Electrochromic dielectric layer, 321: Ion storage layer, 322: Electrolyte layer, 323: Electrochromic layer. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0040] To further clarify the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects that this application aims to solve, the application will be described in more detail below by combining examples. Please understand that the specific examples described herein are for interpretation purposes only and do not limit the application.

[0041] In this application, the terms "and / or" describe the relationship between related objects and indicate that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate that A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. However, A and B may be singular or plural. The letter " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0042] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "At least one type (item) selected from..." or similar expressions refer to any combination of these terms, including any combination of single or multiple types (items). For example, "at least one type (item) selected from a, b or c," or "at least one type (item) selected from a, b and c," can both represent a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c may each be single or multiple.

[0043] In the various embodiments of the present invention, the magnitude of the sequence number of each process described above does not indicate the order of execution, and some or all of the steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. It should be understood that the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, without limiting the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention in any way.

[0044] The terms used in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The singular forms “one kind,” “the said,” and “the said” used in the embodiments of this application and in the appended claims are also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0045] The weights of the relevant components described in the specifications of the embodiments of this application may indicate not only the specific content of each component but also the proportional relationship of weights between each component. Therefore, any proportional expansion or contraction according to the content of the relevant components described in the specifications of the embodiments of this application will fall within the range disclosed in the specifications of the embodiments of this application. Specifically, the masses described in the specifications of the embodiments of this application may be in mass units known in the chemical industry, such as μg, mg, g, and kg.

[0046] The terms “first” and “second” are merely for descriptive purposes and to distinguish between different materials and other purposes, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features shown. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, a first XX may be called a second XX, and similarly, a second XX may be called a first XX. Thus, features limited to “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features.

[0047] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a conductive ink, in which the total weight of the conductive ink is 100%, and the components consist of 1-85% organic conductive material and 15-99% solvent by weight, wherein the solvent is a solvent with a boiling point of 150°C or less.

[0048] The conductive ink according to the embodiment of the present application contains an organic conductive material and a solvent, and since the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower, even if the boiling point of the solvent contained in the conductive ink decreases, the corresponding saturated vapor pressure increases. Therefore, when the conductive ink of the embodiment of the present application is used in the manufacture of a conductive film, the solvent volatilizes quickly, dries easily, and improves production efficiency. Furthermore, because the boiling point of the solvent is low, its volatilization is also easier and more even. As a result, the conductive film formed with this conductive ink has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, and density. Moreover, since the conductive ink contains an organic conductive material, such as an n-type conductive polymer, which has high conductive properties, the conductive film manufactured with this conductive ink has excellent conductivity, and the electrical conduction speed of the conductive film can be improved.

[0049] Here, the conductive ink contains an organic conductive material in a weight percentage of 1-85%. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the organic conductive material may be 5-80%. In some other embodiments, the weight percentage of the organic conductive material may be 1-75% or 1-60%. Exemplary weight percentages of the organic conductive material may be 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, etc.

[0050] In some embodiments, the organic conductive material may include a transparent organic conductive material. This allows a conductive film made using a conductive ink containing a transparent organic conductive material to have not only conductive properties but also high light transmittance, thereby improving the applicability of the conductive ink.

[0051] In some embodiments, the organic conductive material may include an n-type conductive polymer. In some other embodiments, the organic conductive material may include a transparent n-type conductive polymer, such as poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO). Illustratively, the n-type conductive polymer can be selected from n-type conductive polymers represented by the following formula I. [ka]

[0052] Here, X is O (Oxygen), S (Sulfur), or Se (Selenium), m and n are both integers greater than 0, and R1 and R2 are independently H and C1-C, respectively. 10 At least one selected from alkyl groups, M + is a cation. In some examples, C1-C 10 The alkyl group may be an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, methyl CH3-, ethyl CH3CH2-, propyl CH3CH2CH2-, etc. In some other examples, C1-C 10 The alkyl group may include a linear alkyl group, or a branched alkyl group, such as n-butyl CH3CH2CH2CH2-, isobutyl group (CH3)2CHCH2-, sec-butyl CH3CH2(CH3)CH-, tert-butyl group (CH3)3C-, etc. Furthermore, in some examples, in the above formula I, X may be O, and R1 and R2 may both be H, and M + H is a proton, for example. + That's fine.

[0053] Here, n-type conductive polymers, such as the n-type conductive polymer represented by formula I or PBFDO, exhibit good solubility and solution processability even when alkyl side chains or surfactants are not required, due to the strong interaction between the polymer's main chain and the good solvent of the examples of this application (e.g., water, isopropanol, ethanol, etc.) through n-doping. Furthermore, when a conductive film is manufactured using a conductive ink containing an n-type conductive polymer, the manufactured conductive film can be given advantages such as high conductivity and excellent stability, and consequently, high optical transparency, thereby improving the applicability of the conductive ink.

[0054] In some examples, the conductive ink contains a solvent with a weight percentage content of 15-99%, wherein the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower. For example, the weight percentage content of the solvent may be 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, etc. Within this range of weight percentage content of the solvent, it is advantageous to dissolve an organic conductive material to form a conductive ink, and a conductive film with high conductivity and uniformity can be formed using this conductive ink.

[0055] According to the inventor's research, when a conductive film is formed by coating a substrate layer with conductive ink, the film formation time is important for the optimized nucleation, crystal growth, and industrial production efficiency of organic conductive materials (e.g., n-type conductive polymers). Typically, the initial nucleation of n-type conductive polymers is due to supersaturation, in which the dissolved solid (solute) contained in the liquid (solvent) is usually contained in greater quantities than a certain temperature, and such supersaturation is mainly due to the evaporation of the solvent. Therefore, the vapor pressure and boiling point of the solvent in the conductive ink are important for controlling the crystallization rate of the organic conductive material and the film formation time of the conductive ink.

[0056] In view of this, in some embodiments, the solvent for the conductive ink may be a solvent with a boiling point of 150°C or lower. In other embodiments, the solvent for the conductive ink may be a solvent with a boiling point of 120°C or lower. In yet another embodiment, the solvent for the conductive ink may be a solvent with a boiling point of 100°C or lower. By using a solvent with a relatively low boiling point to dissolve the organic conductive material, the solvent can evaporate (volatilize) more quickly during the film formation process of the conductive ink, allowing the conductive ink to become supersaturated, which is advantageous for the crystal nucleation process of the organic conductive material. This significantly shortens the film formation time of the conductive ink, improves the film formation efficiency, and enhances the efficiency of industrial production.

[0057] Furthermore, because DMSO's structure contains one hydrophilic sulfinyl group and two hydrophobic methyl groups, and it is mutually soluble with most organic solvents other than water or petroleum ether, and can dissolve about 80% of compounds, such as most water-soluble and lipophilic compounds, DMSO is generally considered a versatile solvent, and in the prior art, when it is necessary to dissolve organic materials, DMSO, DMF with similar properties, or a mixture of DMSO and DMF is usually selected. However, DMSO and DMF not only have the characteristic of having high boiling points, but also strong polarity and high surface tension. When a solution containing them (e.g., conductive ink) is applied to a substrate layer to form a film, the substrate layer is usually required to have high surface energy. This necessitates additional high-strength hydrophilization treatment of the substrate layer beforehand, making the process complex. Furthermore, if the surface energy of the substrate layer is lower than the surface tension of the solvent, the conductive ink tends to rapidly aggregate on the substrate layer or roll back from the edges of the substrate layer, resulting in poor uniformity of the film formed on the substrate layer and a poor quality of the resulting conductive film.

[0058] In view of this, in some embodiments, the solvent of the conductive ink may be a hydrophilic solvent. In other embodiments, the solvent of the conductive ink may be a hydrophilic solvent with a boiling point of 150°C or lower. In yet another embodiment, the solvent of the conductive ink may be a hydrophilic solvent with a boiling point of 120°C or lower. In yet another embodiment, the solvent of the conductive ink may be a hydrophilic solvent with a boiling point of 100°C or lower. In this case, since the solvent is a hydrophilic solvent, when applying the conductive ink to the substrate layer, there is no need to perform any extra hydrophilic processing on the substrate layer beforehand, and a highly conductive, uniform, and flat conductive film can be formed on the substrate layer, resulting in the advantages of good conductive film quality, a simple process, and low cost.

[0059] In some embodiments, the solvent may include a good solvent. In some other embodiments, the good solvent may be at least one selected from water, isopropanol, and ethanol, for example, one of water, isopropanol, and ethanol, a mixture of any two of water, isopropanol, and ethanol, or a mixture of all three. Typically, a strong interaction exists between the good solvent, such as water, isopropanol, and ethanol, and the polymer backbone of the organic conductive material (e.g., an n-type conductive polymer), allowing their polarities to match. This improves the dissolution effect of the organic conductive material (e.g., an n-type conductive polymer) in these good solvents and enhances the uniformity of the conductive ink formed.

[0060] In some examples, when the good solvent contains water, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material is 5-80%, and the weight percentage content of water is 20-95%. In some other examples, when the good solvent contains isopropanol or ethanol, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material is 1-60%, and the weight percentage content of isopropanol or ethanol is 40-99%. In some other examples, when the good solvent contains at least two of water, isopropanol, and ethanol, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material is 1-75%, and the total weight percentage content of water, isopropanol, and ethanol is 25-99%. This allows for the selection of different good solvents according to the needs of the actual situation to dissolve the organic conductive material and ensure the excellent performance of the resulting conductive ink.

[0061] In some examples, the solvent may include a poor solvent. In other examples, the poor solvent may be at least one selected from isobutanol, tert-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ether, and propionaldehyde, for example, one selected from isobutanol, tert-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ether, and propionaldehyde, or any two or more selected from isobutanol, tert-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ether, and propionaldehyde. This allows for the selection of different poor solvents according to the needs of the actual situation, thereby improving the applicability of the manufactured conductive ink.

[0062] In some embodiments, the solvent may include both good and poor solvents. As functional terms, good and poor solvents may differ for different materials. Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, good and poor solvents refer to organic conductive materials, where a good solvent refers to a solvent with high solubility for the organic conductive material, and a poor solvent refers to a solvent with low solubility for the organic conductive material.

[0063] In some examples, when the solvent is a mixed solvent of a good solvent and a poor solvent, for example, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material may be 1-40%, and the total weight percentage content of the good solvent and the poor solvent may be 60-99%.

[0064] In some embodiments, the solvent may contain both a good solvent and a poor solvent, and the volume of the good solvent may be greater than the volume of the poor solvent. In some other embodiments, the volume of the good solvent may be greater than 50% of the total volume of the solvent, i.e., the volume of the good solvent may be greater than 50% of the total volume of the good and poor solvents. In this case, by making the volume of the good solvent greater than the volume of the poor solvent, the dissolution effect of the organic conductive material can be optimized in a mixed system of a good solvent and a poor solvent, which is advantageous for forming a uniform, flat, and dense conductive film on the conductive ink.

[0065] In some embodiments, the solvent may contain water, and the volume of water is greater than 70% of the total volume of the solvent. That is, if the solvent contains water, it is ensured that the volume of water is greater than 70% of the total volume of the solvent, which optimizes the dissolution effect of the organic conductive material and is advantageous for forming a uniform, flat, and dense conductive film in the conductive ink.

[0066] The conductive ink of the embodiment of this application can be manufactured by the following manufacturing method.

[0067] Some embodiments of the present application provide a method for producing a conductive ink, comprising step S01 providing the components of the conductive ink of the present application, and step S02 mixing an organic conductive material with a solvent to obtain a conductive ink.

[0068] The method for producing conductive ink according to the embodiment of the present application allows for obtaining conductive ink by mixing an organic conductive material with a solvent. Since the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower, the produced conductive ink dries easily when manufacturing a conductive film, resulting in high production efficiency. The formed conductive film has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, and density. Furthermore, because the conductive ink contains an organic conductive material, such as an n-type conductive polymer, it has high conductivity. Consequently, the conductive film produced from the conductive ink produced by this method has excellent conductivity, can improve the electrical conductivity of the conductive film, and the method is simple, easy to implement, has low operating condition requirements, is low cost, and is suitable for mass production.

[0069] Here, the conductive ink in step S01 is the conductive ink of the embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the specific types and contents of each component raw material of the conductive ink of the embodiment of the present application provided in step S01 are all shown in the conductive ink of the embodiment of the present application, and due to space limitations, the explanation is omitted here.

[0070] In some embodiments, in step S02, the solvent may include a good solvent, and the step of mixing the organic conductive material with the solvent may include, after mixing the organic conductive material with the good solvent, sequentially performing a first ultrasonic treatment and a first stirring treatment.

[0071] In some other embodiments, in step S02, the solvent may include a good solvent and a poor solvent, and the step of mixing the organic conductive material with the solvent may include mixing the organic conductive material with the good solvent, then sequentially performing a first ultrasonic treatment and a first stirring treatment to obtain a mixed solution of the organic conductive material and the good solvent, then adding the poor solvent to the mixed solution, and then sequentially performing a second ultrasonic treatment and a second stirring treatment. This is advantageous in that the organic conductive material dissolves sufficiently in the solvent and an optimal dispersion effect is achieved.

[0072] In some embodiments, the power of the first ultrasonic treatment may be 100-200W, the ultrasonic treatment time may be 0.5-1h, the rotational speed of the first stirring treatment may be 1200-1500rpm, and the stirring time may be 0.5-4h. In some other embodiments, the power of the second ultrasonic treatment may be 100-200W, the ultrasonic treatment time may be 0.5-1h, the rotational speed of the second stirring treatment may be 1200-1500rpm, and the stirring time may be 0.5-4h.

[0073] Some embodiments of the present application provide a conductive film which is manufactured from a conductive ink according to the embodiments of the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the embodiments of the present application. Because the solvent in the conductive ink has a boiling point of 150°C or lower, even if the boiling point of the solvent contained in the conductive ink decreases, the corresponding saturated vapor pressure increases. Therefore, when the conductive ink of the present application is used in the manufacture of a conductive film, the solvent volatilizes quickly, dries easily, and improves production efficiency. Furthermore, because the boiling point of the solvent is low, its volatilization is also easier and more comprehensive. Thus, the conductive film formed from the conductive ink has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, and density. In addition, because the conductive ink contains an organic conductive material, such as an n-type conductive polymer, which has high conductivity, the conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink also has excellent conductivity, and the electrical conductivity of the conductive film can be improved.

[0074] In some embodiments, the conductive film may be an electrode layer in an electrochromic diaphragm. In some other embodiments, the conductive film may be an ion storage layer or an electrochromic layer in an electrochromic diaphragm. In yet another embodiment, the conductive film may simultaneously be both an electrode layer and an ion storage layer in an electrochromic diaphragm, or simultaneously be both an electrode layer and an electrochromic layer in an electrochromic diaphragm.

[0075] As shown in Figure 1, some embodiments of the present application provide a conductive substrate 31 including a substrate layer 311 and an electrode layer 312 provided on the substrate layer 311, wherein the electrode layer 312 includes a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application.

[0076] In some embodiments, conductive ink according to the embodiments of the present invention or conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the embodiments of the present invention may be applied to a substrate layer using a process such as magnetron sputtering or coating to form an electrode layer containing a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present invention, or to an electrode layer to form an ion storage layer or electrochromic layer containing a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present invention. As an example of a coating method, the substrate layer or the substrate layer containing the electrode layer is placed flat on a squeegee surface, a clean wire bar is placed on the machine base, the locking opening is tightened, then an appropriate amount of conductive ink is drawn up with a liquid transfer gun, and the liquid is released parallel to the wire bar at a point 1-2 cm away from the wire bar, after which the machine is started and coating is performed automatically according to the set parameters, and after air drying at room temperature, the formed film material is placed in an oven to dry, that is, the conductive film can be formed on the substrate layer or electrode layer.

[0077] In some embodiments, the substrate layer 311 may include a flexible substrate such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, a flexible glass substrate, a polyimide (PI) substrate, or a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. In other embodiments, the substrate layer 311 may include a rigid substrate such as a rigid glass substrate. This allows for the formation of a flexible conductive substrate or a rigid conductive substrate by applying a conductive ink to the flexible or rigid substrate to form a conductive film, depending on the needs of the actual situation, and can be adapted to different application scenarios.

[0078] In the conductive substrate according to the embodiment of the present application, the electrode layer provided on the substrate layer includes a conductive film according to the present application, and since the conductive film is manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, the electrode layer in the conductive substrate has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density, and excellent electrical conductivity, resulting in a higher quality of the formed conductive substrate and making it more suitable for the manufacture of various devices or products.

[0079] Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrochromic diaphragm 3, which may include, as shown in Figure 2, a first substrate layer 3111, a first electrode layer 3121, an electrochromic dielectric layer 32, a second electrode layer 3122, and a second substrate layer 3112, which are laminated in order, and at least one of the first electrode layer 3121 and the second electrode layer 3122 includes a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application.

[0080] Here, the electrochromic dielectric layer 32 may be in a liquid state, a sol state, or a solid state. In some embodiments, the electrochromic dielectric layer 32 may include liquid crystal (LC), polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), suspended-particle devices (SPD), micro-blinds, inorganic electrochromic materials, and organic electrochromic materials. By applying a voltage to the first and second electrode layers to form a potential difference across the electrochromic dielectric layer and driving the movement of ions or electrons between the electrochromic dielectric layer to insert or remove them, the electrochromic diaphragm exhibits a change in overall color or transmittance, such as mutual changes between a colored state (e.g., blue, black, or other colors) and a faded state (e.g., transparent), or mutual changes between a colored state, an intermediate state (any color state between the colored and faded states, e.g., light blue or light black) and a faded state.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer 3121 or the second electrode layer 3122 may include a conductive film according to embodiments of the present application, that is, the first electrode layer 3121 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, and accordingly, the second electrode layer 3122 may be manufactured from another material, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), or the second electrode layer 3122 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, and accordingly, the first electrode layer 3121 may be manufactured from another material, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO). In some other embodiments, the first electrode layer 3121 and the second electrode layer 3122 may include the conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, the first electrode layer 3121 or the second electrode layer 3122 may both be manufactured from the conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application.

[0082] The electrochromic diaphragm according to the embodiment of the present application includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic dielectric layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer that are sequentially laminated, and at least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer includes the conductive film according to the embodiment of the present application. As the conductive film has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density, and excellent electrical conductivity, the resistance distribution of the electrode layer of the electrochromic diaphragm becomes more uniform, the electrical conductivity is improved, and the electrochromic diaphragm of the present application has superior performance such as more uniform discoloration and faster discoloration efficiency.

[0083] Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrochromic diaphragm, as shown in Figure 3, which may include a first substrate layer 3111, a first electrode layer 3121, an electrolyte layer 322, an electrochromic layer 323, a second electrode layer 3122, and a second substrate layer 3112, which are stacked in order, with the first electrode layer 3121 containing a conductive film according to an embodiment of the present application, or both the first electrode layer 3121 and the second electrode layer 3122 containing a conductive film according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0084] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer 3121 may include a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, the first electrode layer 3121 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, and correspondingly, the second electrode layer 3122 may be manufactured from other materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), and of course, the second electrode layer 3122 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application. In this case, the first electrode layer 3121 can function not only as a conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm but also as an ion storage layer in the electrochromic diaphragm, possessing both high conductivity and excellent ion storage or ion transport properties simultaneously.

[0085] An electrochromic diaphragm according to some embodiments of the present application includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are sequentially laminated, wherein at least the first electrode layer includes a conductive film according to the present application, and the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer can function as a conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm, and because the electrode layer has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density, and excellent electrical conductivity, the resistance distribution of the conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm becomes more uniform, the electrical conductivity becomes superior, and the electrochromic diaphragm of the present application has excellent performance such as more uniform discoloration and faster discoloration efficiency. Furthermore, the first electrode layer can also function as an ion storage layer of the electrochromic diaphragm, and because the electrode layer has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density, and excellent electrical conductivity, the ion storage layer of the electrochromic diaphragm has more uniform and rapid ion transport characteristics, and the electrochromic diaphragm of the present application has excellent performance such as more uniform and rapid discoloration.

[0086] Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrochromic diaphragm, as shown in Figure 4, which may include a first substrate layer 3111, a first electrode layer 3121, an ion storage layer 321, an electrolyte layer 322, a second electrode layer 3122, and a second substrate layer 3112, which are stacked in order, with the second electrode layer 3122 containing a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, or both the first electrode layer 3121 and the second electrode layer 3122 containing a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application.

[0087] In some embodiments, the second electrode layer 3122 may be manufactured from the conductive ink according to the present invention or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present invention. Correspondingly, the first electrode layer 3121 may be manufactured from other materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO). Of course, the first electrode layer 3121 may also be manufactured from the conductive ink according to the present invention or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present invention. In this case, the second electrode layer 3122 can function not only as a conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm but also as an electrochromic layer in the electrochromic diaphragm, and can simultaneously have high conductivity and excellent discoloration properties.

[0088] An electrochromic diaphragm according to some embodiments of the present application includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are sequentially laminated, and at least the second electrode layer includes a conductive film according to the present application, and the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer can function as a conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm, and because the electrode layer has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density and excellent electrical conductivity, the resistance distribution of the conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm becomes more uniform, the electrical conductivity becomes better, and the electrochromic diaphragm of the present application has excellent performance such as more uniform discoloration and faster discoloration efficiency, while the second electrode layer can further function as an electrochromic layer of the electrochromic diaphragm, and because the electrode layer has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density and excellent electrical conductivity, the electrochromic layer of the electrochromic diaphragm has more uniform and rapid discoloration characteristics, and the electrochromic diaphragm of the present application has excellent performance such as more uniform and rapid discoloration.

[0089] Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrochromic diaphragm, and as shown in Figure 5, the electrochromic diaphragm 3 may include a first substrate layer 3111, a first electrode layer 3121, an ion storage layer 321, an electrolyte layer 322, an electrochromic layer 323, a second electrode layer 3122, and a second substrate layer 3112, which are laminated in order, and at least one of the first electrode layer 3121, the ion storage layer 321, the electrochromic layer 323, and the second electrode layer 3122 includes a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, the laminated ion storage layer 321, the electrolyte layer 322, and the electrochromic layer 323 can form the electrochromic dielectric layer 32.

[0090] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer 3121 or the second electrode layer 3122 may include a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, the first electrode layer 3121 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, and accordingly, the second electrode layer 3122 may be manufactured from another material, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), or the second electrode layer 3122 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, and accordingly, the first electrode layer 3121 may be manufactured from another material, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO). In some other embodiments, the first electrode layer 3121 and the second electrode layer 3122 may include the conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, the first electrode layer 3121 or the second electrode layer 3122 may both be manufactured from the conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application.

[0091] In some embodiments, the ion storage layer 321 may include a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, the ion storage layer 321 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, and correspondingly, the electrochromic layer 323 may be manufactured from other materials, such as an inorganic electrochromic material or an organic electrochromic material. In some other embodiments, the electrochromic layer 323 may include a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, the electrochromic layer 323 may be manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application, and correspondingly, the ion storage layer 321 may be manufactured from other materials, for example, to form an inorganic ion storage layer material or an organic ion storage layer. In some other embodiments, the ion storage layer 321 and the electrochromic layer 323 may simultaneously contain the conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, both the ion storage layer 321 and the electrochromic layer 323 may be manufactured from the conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application.

[0092] In some embodiments, when both the first electrode layer 3121 and the ion storage layer 321 contain a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, the first electrode layer 3121 and the ion storage layer 321 may be combined into a single layer and are manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application. In some other embodiments, when both the second electrode layer 3122 and the electrochromic layer 323 contain a conductive film according to the embodiments of the present application, the second electrode layer 3122 and the electrochromic layer 323 may be combined into a single layer and are manufactured from a conductive ink according to the present application or a conductive ink manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present application.

[0093] An electrochromic diaphragm according to some embodiments of the present application includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are arranged in a laminated manner, wherein at least one of the first electrode layer, the ion storage layer, the electrochromic layer, and the second electrode layer includes a conductive film according to the present application, and the conductive film can function as a conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm, and the conductive film has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density, and excellent electrical conductivity, thus reducing the resistance of the conductive layer of the electrochromic diaphragm. By making the distribution more uniform and improving the electrical conductivity, the electrochromic diaphragm of the present invention will have superior performance such as more uniform discoloration and faster discoloration efficiency. On the other hand, the conductive film can also function as an ion storage layer or electrochromic layer of the electrochromic diaphragm, and since the conductive film has advantages such as uniformity, flatness, density and excellent electrical conductivity, the ion storage layer or electrochromic layer of the electrochromic diaphragm will have superior performance such as more uniform and faster discoloration.

[0094] Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrochromic device which may include at least one substrate layer and an electrochromic diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the substrate layer and the electrochromic diaphragm are laminated together. The number of substrate layers is not limited and may be, for example, one, two, or more. In some embodiments, the substrate layer may be a single layer, and the electrochromic diaphragm may be provided on the substrate layer. In some other embodiments, as shown in Figure 6, the substrate layer 2 may be two layers, for example, a first substrate layer 21 and a second substrate layer 22, and the first substrate layer 21, the electrochromic diaphragm 3 and the second substrate layer 22 are laminated together in order, that is, the electrochromic diaphragm 3 is interposed between the first substrate layer 21 and the second substrate layer 22. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the base layer may consist of three layers. For example, after forming a sandwich structure as shown in Figure 6, an additional base layer may be provided on the side of the first base layer 21 or the second base layer 22 that is away from the electrochromic diaphragm 3.

[0095] The electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present application includes at least one substrate layer and an electrochromic diaphragm according to the embodiment of the present application, wherein the substrate layer and the electrochromic diaphragm are laminated and installed, that is, the electrochromic diaphragm is installed on the substrate layer or interposed between two substrate layers, thereby providing better support for the electrochromic diaphragm, and in particular when interposed between two substrate layers, the electrochromic diaphragm is well protected by the substrate layer, and because the electrochromic diaphragm includes the conductive film according to the present application, the electrochromic device also has excellent performance, such as more uniform and rapid discoloration.

[0096] Embodiments of the present application further provide terminal products comprising an electrochromic diaphragm or an electrochromic device according to embodiments of the present application, the terminal products may include any one of the following: rearview mirrors, curtain walls, automobile sunroofs, automobile side windows, automobile windshields, housings for electronic products, eyeglasses, vehicles, and display panels. In some embodiments, the electrochromic diaphragm or electrochromic device can replace the glass or housing of the terminal product. In some other embodiments, the electrochromic diaphragm or electrochromic device may be attached to the glass or housing of the terminal product. In some yet other embodiments, the electrochromic diaphragm or electrochromic device may be interposed between the glass or housing of the terminal product. This makes it possible to form a terminal product having electrochromic properties and to enhance the performance of the terminal product.

[0097] The terminal product according to the embodiment of the present application includes an electrochromic diaphragm or an electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present application, and has advantages such as excellent discoloration performance. When the terminal product is applied to equipment such as vehicles (e.g., automobiles), electronic products (e.g., consumer electronics), or buildings, the equipment can be provided with superior discoloration performance.

[0098] The following will explain the process with reference to specific examples. Example 1

[0099] This embodiment provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and a conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink.

[0100] The conductive ink contains the following components in the following weight percentages:

[0101] PBFDO-Poly(benzoflangione) 80%

[0102] water 20%

[0103] The boiling point of water is 100°C.

[0104] The method for manufacturing conductive ink includes the following steps:

[0105] S11: Weigh out 8.0 g of poly(benzoflangione) and 2.0 mL of water according to the components and content of the conductive ink of Example 1.

[0106] S12: Poly(benzodiflafranion) is dissolved in water, ultrasonically treated for 0.5 hours under conditions of 100W power and 40°C temperature, and then stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hours at a rotation speed of 1300 rpm to obtain conductive ink.

[0107] The conductive ink described above, or the conductive ink produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the conductive ink, is manufactured as a conductive film.

[0108] A conductive ink is applied to a PET substrate measuring 0.4m x 0.4m (width 0.4m, length 0.4m), and dried at 100°C for 2 minutes to obtain a conductive film. Example 2

[0109] This embodiment provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and a conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink.

[0110] The conductive ink contains the following components in the following weight percentages:

[0111] PBFDO-Poly(benzoflangione) 60%

[0112] Ethanol 40%

[0113] The boiling point of ethanol is 78.3°C.

[0114] The method for manufacturing conductive ink includes the following steps:

[0115] S11: Based on the components and content of the conductive ink of Example 2, weigh out 6.0 g of poly(benzoflangione) and 5.1 mL of ethanol.

[0116] S12: Poly(benzodiflafranion) is dissolved in ethanol, ultrasonically treated for 0.5 hours under conditions of 100W power and 40°C temperature, and then stirred at room temperature for 1 hour at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm to obtain conductive ink.

[0117] The conductive ink described above, or the conductive ink produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the conductive ink, is manufactured as a conductive film.

[0118] A conductive ink is applied to a PET substrate measuring 0.4m x 0.4m (width 0.4m, length 0.4m), and dried for 30s at room temperature and pressure to obtain a conductive film. Example 3

[0119] This embodiment provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and a conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink.

[0120] The conductive ink contains the following components in the following weight percentages:

[0121] PBFDO-Poly(benzoflangione) 75%

[0122] 25% solvent

[0123] Here, the solvent is selected from water and ethanol, the volume ratio of water to ethanol is 10:1, and the boiling points of water and ethanol are 100°C and 78.3°C, respectively.

[0124] The method for manufacturing conductive ink includes the following steps:

[0125] S11: Based on the components and content of the conductive ink of Example 3, weigh out 7.5 g of poly(benzoflangion), 2.3 mL of water, and 0.3 mL of ethanol.

[0126] S12: Poly(benzodiflafranion) is added to a mixed solvent of water and ethanol, ultrasonically treated for 0.5 hours under conditions of 100W power and 40°C, and then stirred at room temperature for 1 hour at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm to obtain conductive ink.

[0127] The conductive ink described above, or the conductive ink produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the conductive ink, is manufactured as a conductive film.

[0128] A conductive ink is applied to a PET substrate measuring 0.4m x 0.4m (width 0.4m, length 0.4m), and dried at 100°C for 2 minutes to obtain a conductive film. Example 4

[0129] This embodiment provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and a conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink.

[0130] The conductive ink contains the following components in the following weight percentages:

[0131] PBFDO-Poly(benzoflangione) 40%

[0132] Solvent 60%

[0133] Here, the solvent consists of water and ethyl acetate, with a volume ratio of 16:1, and the boiling points of water and ethyl acetate are 100°C and 77.2°C, respectively.

[0134] The method for manufacturing conductive ink includes the following steps:

[0135] S11: Based on the components and content of the conductive ink of Example 4, weigh out 4.0 g of poly(benzoflangion), 5.7 mL of water, and 0.39 mL of ethyl acetate.

[0136] S12: Poly(benzodiflafranion) is added to a mixed solvent of water and ethyl acetate, ultrasonically treated for 0.5 hours under conditions of 100W power and 40°C, and then stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm to obtain conductive ink.

[0137] The conductive ink described above, or the conductive ink produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the conductive ink, is manufactured as a conductive film.

[0138] A conductive ink is applied to a PET substrate measuring 0.4m x 0.4m (width 0.4m, length 0.4m), and dried at 100°C for 2 minutes to obtain a conductive film. Example 5

[0139] This embodiment provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and a conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink.

[0140] The conductive ink contains the following components in the following weight percentages:

[0141] PBFDO-Poly(benzoflangione) 40%

[0142] Solvent 60%

[0143] Here, the solvent contains ethanol and ethyl acetate, the volume ratio of ethanol to ethyl acetate is 30:1, and the boiling points of ethanol and ethyl acetate are 78.3°C and 77.2°C, respectively.

[0144] The method for manufacturing conductive ink includes the following steps:

[0145] S11: Based on the components and content of the conductive ink of Example 5, weigh out 4.0 g of poly(benzoflangion), 7.4 mL of ethanol, and 0.21 mL of ethyl acetate.

[0146] S12: Poly(benzodiflafranion) is added to a mixed solvent of ethanol and ethyl acetate, ultrasonically treated for 0.5 hours under conditions of 100W power and 40°C temperature, and then stirred at room temperature for 3 hours at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm to obtain conductive ink.

[0147] The conductive ink described above, or the conductive ink produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the conductive ink, is manufactured as a conductive film.

[0148] A conductive ink is applied to a PET substrate measuring 0.4m x 0.4m (width 0.4m, length 0.4m), and dried at room temperature and pressure for 1 minute to obtain a conductive film. Comparative Example 1

[0149] This comparative example provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and a conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink.

[0150] The conductive ink contains the following components in the following weight percentages:

[0151] PBFDO-Poly(benzoflangione) 24%

[0152] Dimethylformamide 76%

[0153] The boiling point of dimethylformamide is 153°C.

[0154] The method for manufacturing conductive ink includes the following steps:

[0155] S11: Based on the components and content of the conductive ink of Comparative Example 1, weigh out 2.4 g of poly(benzoflanion) and 8.0 mL of dimethylformamide.

[0156] S12: Poly(benzodiflafranion) is added to dimethylformamide, ultrasonically treated for 0.5 hours under conditions of 100W power and 40°C, and then stirred at room temperature for 3 hours at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm to obtain conductive ink.

[0157] The conductive ink described above, or the conductive ink produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the conductive ink, is manufactured as a conductive film.

[0158] A conductive ink is applied to a PET substrate measuring 30 mm x 50 mm (width 30 mm, length 50 mm), and dried for 12 hours under normal temperature and pressure conditions to obtain a conductive film. Comparative Example 2

[0159] This comparative example provides a conductive ink, a method for manufacturing the same, and a conductive film manufactured from the conductive ink.

[0160] The conductive ink contains the following components in the following weight percentages:

[0161] PBFDO-Poly(benzoflangione) 24%

[0162] Dimethyl sulfoxide 76%

[0163] The boiling point of dimethyl sulfoxide is 189°C.

[0164] The method for manufacturing conductive ink includes the following steps:

[0165] S11: Based on the components and content of the conductive ink of Example 5, weigh out 2.4 g of poly(benzoflanion) and 6.9 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0166] S12: Poly(benzodiflaflan) is added to dimethyl sulfoxide, ultrasonic treatment is performed for 0.5 hours under conditions of 100W power and 40°C temperature, and then stirred at room temperature for 3 hours at a rotational speed of 1300 rpm to obtain conductive ink.

[0167] The conductive ink described above, or the conductive ink produced by the above-mentioned method for producing the conductive ink, is manufactured as a conductive film.

[0168] A conductive ink is applied to a PET substrate measuring 0.4m x 0.4m (width 0.4m, length 0.4m), and dried at a temperature of 100°C for 3 hours to obtain a conductive film. Related performance test analysis:

[0169] 1. Conductive films according to Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were taken, and the surface morphology of each conductive film was photographed with a camera to obtain the morphological photographs shown in Figure 7-13. As can be seen from Figure 7-11, the conductive film formed by applying the conductive ink according to Example 1-5 to a PET substrate is uniform, flat, and dense, indicating good film quality. Conversely, as can be seen from Figures 12 and 13, the conductive films formed by applying the conductive ink according to Comparative Examples 1-2 to a PET substrate have many dark spots, uneven solute distribution, and many wrinkles, indicating poor film quality.

[0170] 2. Furthermore, as can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, in the drying process of forming a conductive film after applying the conductive ink according to Examples 1-5 to a PET substrate, the drying time under normal temperature and pressure conditions is 30s-10min, and the drying time under 100°C heating conditions is 3s-2min. However, in the drying process of forming a conductive film after applying the conductive ink according to Comparative Example 1-2 to the same PET substrate, the drying time under normal temperature and pressure conditions is 12h or more, and the drying time under 100°C heating conditions is 3h or more.

[0171] As can be seen from the above, the conductive ink according to the embodiment of the present application employs a solvent with a boiling point of 150°C or less, and because the solvent is easily volatile, the conductive ink according to the embodiment of the present application dries easily after coating and film formation, shortens processing time, improves production efficiency, and because the boiling point of the solvent is low, evaporation is easier and more widespread, so the film formed from the conductive ink has advantages such as being uniform, flat and dense.

[0172] 3. The conductive film produced in Example 1 was taken and its sheet resistance was measured using the four-probe method. The sheet resistance was found to be approximately 52 Ω / cm². 2Typically, ITO conductive films of the same size and thickness have an impedance of approximately 40-70 Ω / cm². 2 It has a sheet resistance. Thus, the conductive film manufactured using the conductive ink according to the embodiment of the present application has excellent conductive properties comparable to those of an ITO conductive film.

[0173] 4. The conductive film produced in Example 1 was taken, cut into 3cm x 5cm conductive films, and subjected to electrochemical testing. The conductive film was used as the working electrode, Ag / AgCl as the reference electrode, and a Pt sheet as the counter electrode. It was placed in a propylene carbonate (PC) solution containing 0.2 mol / L tetrabutylammonium bis-trifluoromethane sulfonimidate (TBATFSI), and electrochemical testing was performed at a sweep rate of 0.01 V / s between potentials of -0.4 V and 1.0 V (vs Ag / AgCl). The resulting cyclic voltammetry curve (CV curve) of the conductive film is shown in Figure 14. Furthermore, it was detected that the range of change in the light transmittance of the conductive film was 20-60%.

[0174] As can be seen from Figure 14, within the monitored voltage range, different oxidation and reduction reactions alternately occurred in the working electrode (conductive film), indicating that the conductive film has a high ion diffusion coefficient and high charge capacity. This proves that the conductive film has excellent ion storage capacity and can be used as an ion storage layer in electrochromic devices. As can be seen from the detected range of light transmittance change, the conductive film also has the ability to change color (change in light transmittance) and can be used as an electrochromic layer in electrochromic devices.

[0175] The foregoing are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and do not limit it. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should all be included within the scope of protection.

Claims

1. It is a conductive ink, The conductive ink, with its total weight being 100%, contains the following components in weight percentage proportions: Organic conductive materials 1-85%, Solvent 15-99%, Herein, the conductive ink is characterized in that the solvent has a boiling point of 150°C or lower.

2. The conductive ink according to claim 1, characterized in that the solvent is a hydrophilic solvent having a boiling point of 150°C or lower.

3. The conductive ink according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solvent includes at least one good solvent and a poor solvent.

4. The conductive ink according to claim 3, wherein the solvent comprises the good solvent and the poor solvent, and the volume of the good solvent is greater than the volume of the poor solvent.

5. The good solvent is at least one selected from water, isopropanol, and ethanol, and / or The conductive ink according to claim 3, characterized in that the poor solvent is at least one selected from isobutanol, tert-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ether, and propionaldehyde.

6. The conductive ink according to claim 3, characterized in that the solvent contains water, and the volume of the water is greater than 70% of the total volume of the solvent.

7. If the good solvent contains water, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material is 5-80%, or If the good solvent contains isopropanol or ethanol, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material is 1-60%, or If the good solvent contains at least two of the water, isopropanol, and ethanol, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material is 1-75%, or The conductive ink according to claim 5, characterized in that, when the solvent includes the good solvent and the poor solvent, the weight percentage content of the organic conductive material is 1-40%.

8. The conductive ink according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organic conductive material includes a transparent organic conductive material.

9. The conductive ink according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organic conductive material includes an n-type conductive polymer.

10. The aforementioned n-type conductive polymer is selected from n-type conductive polymers represented by the following formula I: 【Chemistry 1】 Here, X is O, S, or Se, and m and n are both integers greater than 0, R 1 and R 2 H and C are independent of each other. 1 -C 10 At least one selected from alkyl groups, M + The conductive ink according to claim 9, characterized in that is a cation.

11. A method for manufacturing conductive ink, To provide each component of the conductive ink according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and A method for producing a conductive ink, characterized by comprising mixing the organic conductive material and the solvent to obtain a conductive ink.

12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the solvent includes a good solvent, and the mixing treatment of the organic conductive material and the solvent includes, after mixing the organic conductive material and the good solvent, sequentially performing a first ultrasonic treatment and a first stirring treatment.

13. The aforementioned solvent includes a good solvent and a poor solvent, and the mixing treatment of the organic conductive material and the aforementioned solvent is After mixing the organic conductive material and the good solvent, a first ultrasonic treatment and a first stirring treatment are performed in sequence to obtain a mixed solution of the organic conductive material and the good solvent, and The manufacturing method according to claim 11, characterized in that the poor solvent is added to the mixed solution, and a second ultrasonic treatment and a second stirring treatment are performed in sequence.

14. The power of the first ultrasonic treatment and / or the second ultrasonic treatment is 100-200W, the ultrasonic treatment time is 0.5-1h, and / or The manufacturing method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the rotational speed of the first stirring treatment and / or the second stirring treatment is 1200-1500 rpm and the stirring time is 0.5-4 hours.

15. A conductive film characterized by being manufactured from a conductive ink described in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a conductive ink manufactured by a manufacturing method described in any one of claims 11 to 14.

16. A conductive substrate comprising a substrate layer and an electrode layer provided on the substrate layer, wherein the electrode layer comprises the conductive film described in claim 15.

17. It is an electrochromic diaphragm, The electrochromic diaphragm includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic dielectric layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are stacked in order, and at least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer includes the conductive film described in claim 15, or The electrochromic diaphragm includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are stacked in order, wherein the first electrode layer includes the conductive film described in claim 15, or both the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer include the conductive film described in claim 15, or The electrochromic diaphragm includes a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are stacked in order, wherein the second electrode layer includes the conductive film described in claim 15, or both the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer include the conductive film described in claim 15, or The electrochromic diaphragm comprises a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate layer, which are stacked in order, and at least one of the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, the ion storage layer, and the electrochromic layer contains the conductive film described in claim 15.

18. Electrochromic devices, An electrochromic device comprising at least one substrate layer and an electrochromic diaphragm as described in claim 17, wherein the substrate layer and the electrochromic diaphragm are installed in a laminated manner.

19. Terminal products, A terminal product comprising an electrochromic diaphragm according to claim 17 or an electrochromic device according to claim 18, wherein the terminal product comprises one of the following: a rearview mirror, a curtain wall, an automobile sunroof, an automobile side window, an automobile windshield, an electronic product housing, eyeglasses, a vehicle, and a display panel.

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